"Green" makamashi na makamashi suna samun ƙarin shahara. Muna gaya muku cewa ya fi kyau zaɓi don gidan mai zaman kansa - Jars na iska, kuma bayyana nu'siforar shigarwa.
Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Fassarar hasken rana da masana'antun iska sune mafi girman rarraba madadin tushen wutar lantarki. Dukkanin fasahohin suna da kyau, farashin kayan aiki suna narkewa, kuma a yanzu, misali, a 200-25 w ana iya sayo kayan sluls na 15-20.
Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Wani irin tushe ya zaɓi?
Daban-daban nau'ikan sassan silicon. Bambance-bambancen tare da modes guda-crystal mdudu (jirgin na module an yi shi da ingantaccen silstal lu'ulu'u). Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Da farko, yanke shawara game da adadin wutar lantarki da kuke buƙata. Shin za ku gina tsarin samar da makamashi a gida gaba ɗaya akan hasken rana ko iska ko amfani da shi azaman tsarin samar da wutar lantarki? Bayan duk, alamun farashi sun sha bamban. Don tsarin gaggawa (tare da ikon fitarwa na 200-500 w), ɗaya zuwa wasu kayayyaki biyu na hasken rana da ƙarin kayan aiki ya isa - kawai cikin tsari na 40-50 dubu. Amma gaba daya matsar da samar da wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci zai sami tsada sosai. Misali, tsarin a kan soya wanda tare da 2500 W fitarwa zai kashe 300-400 dubbai rubles. Irin wannan tsari na lambobi da kuma a farashin farashin kayan iskar iska.
Masu kula da hasken rana, masu shiga da kuma batura reshe na zamani a ƙarƙashin sararin samaniya ba su mamaye sararin samaniya da yawa ba kuma ba sa buƙatar ɗakin daban. Za'a iya yin hidimomin su da aikinsu duka a gida da nesa, ta amfani da kwamfutar hannu ko wayar hannu (ta hanyar Ethernet ko cibiyar sadarwar Wi-Fi. Hoto: abb.
Tare da kayayyaki polycrystalline (ya ƙunshi lu'ulu'u da yawa). Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Nan da nan zaɓi nau'in "kore" ya dogara da fasalin yanayin yanayin yanki. Bari mu faɗi, don yankuna masu ƙarancin yanayi tare da ƙarancin yanayi (alal misali, a cikin Crimea), baturan batirin sun fi dacewa da su. A cikin wuraren buɗe, a kan tuddai da bakin teku, waɗanda aka sansu ta hanyar tsawan iska, ƙwararrun iska sun tabbatar da kyau. Don mafi yawan ɓangare na Turai akwai wurare kaɗan tare da yanayin yanayi, da suka dace dacewa ga ɗaya ko wani nau'in masu samar da wutar lantarki. A irin wannan yanayin da yake kawo hankali don kafa nau'ikan masu samar da masu samar da su waɗanda zasu musanya juna. Tabbas, irin wannan tsarin ya fi tsada - amma abin da za a yi, waɗannan sune fasalullukan yanayin Rasha.
Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Labaran hasken rana
A halin yanzu, nau'ikan na'urorin guda biyu an rarraba su: silicon da fim. Kowannensu ya kasu kashi iri-iri:- Silicon Monolrystalline. Kowane module na mutum-mai karɓa yana gudana ne akan farantin silicon daga daskararren lu'ulu'u. Wadannan batura sun banbanta a cikin mafi girman inganci (har zuwa 22 zuwa 22%), amma kuma mafi yawan farashi;
- Silicon Polycrystalline. Farantin na kowane module yana da tsari wanda ya kunshi wasu lu'ulu'u da yawa, saboda abin da ake buƙatar na'urar gaba ɗaya. Ingancin 13-15%;
- Silicon amorphous. A kudin 20 bisa dari a ƙasa da polycrystalline, ingancin kimanin 6-8%;
- Fim, wanda aka danganta da adireshin cadmium, cadmide Scelende, kayan polymerrics, da dai sauransu. Ingancin da tsada kusan 20% sama da na amorophous.
Polycrystalline da kuma bisa tushen silicon Amorphous sun sami rarraba mafi girma. Wadannan gyare-gyare suna da sauki a masana'antu kuma rahusa-tushen ba a iya buƙatar reurucin tushen kai tsaye tare da hasken rana, da yawa daga cikin haske kuma, da kyau ya dace da Tsakiyar tsiri na Rasha, inda ranakun girgije da yawa. Don yankuna tare da m yanayin yanayi (Crimea Tsakanin Asiya), akasin haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da baturan Mono-da Polycrystalline.
Generators iska
Jaroran iska yana canza makamashi a ciki. Model zamani suna iya aiki tare da karamin iska (2-3 m / s), kodayake saurin iska mafi kyau don aikinsu ya fi kyau kuma yawanci 10-12 m / s. A saurin iska, 3 m / s wise janareta zai samar da kusan 5% na ikon daga yiwuwar, a cikin saurin 7 m / s - kimanin 50%. Sabili da haka, lokacin zaɓi samfurin janareta, ya zama dole don la'akari da matsakaicin iska shekara-shekara a cikin yankin, ana nuna alamar wannan mai nuna alama a cikin bayanin.
Tare da kayan masarufi. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Zaɓi Mai Jarwarwar iska da girman tsararrakin zamani. Dole ne ku lissafa yadda wutar lantarki kuke buƙata. Bari mu ce kun yanke shawarar zama mai tattalin arziƙi kuma iyakance ga hasken gaggawa, aikin cirewa da dama da yiwuwar caji ta hanyar wayar hannu ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Sannan zaku buƙaci ikon fitarwa na yanzu na 150-200 w, kusan 50-100 KWH a wata. Irin waɗannan ayyukan za su samar da ƙaramin ƙirar wutar lantarki, ana iya siye su yau don 20-30 dubbai dunles. Kuma idan kuna buƙatar ƙarin makamashi, to, ya kamata a zaɓi janareta mai iska: samfuran da suke samar da ɗari ɗari na milwat-awanni na wata daya, amma kuma farashin su zai zama mafi girma - dubu 100-150 rubles.
Minima mafi kyawu tare da baturan hasken rana da turbin karfi da aka tsara don iska, canzawa a cikin kewayon sauri. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Hakanan, lissafin don baturan hasken rana shima ana yin su. Ana lissafin adadin wutar lantarki da ake buƙata, kuma an zaɓi makarantu a kan ƙididdigewa saboda yawan aikinsu tare da garantin tabbatar buƙatunku. Lissafin yana zama ɗan rikitarwa, tunda darajar duk tsararraki na yau da kullun yana da canji sosai daga lokacin shekara. A cikin bazara shi ne matsakaita, kuma a cikin hunturu kawai ya kai 10-20% na bazara. Saboda haka, zabi bangarorin hasken rana dangane da ko za su yi amfani da su kawai a lokacin dumi (a cikin ƙasar) ko duk shekara. Bugu da kari, ingancin samarwa da karfi ya dogara da yadda kake da bangarorin hasken rana. Idan ba a juya su da za a tura shi ta hanyar da ta dace ba, to ingancin makamashi yana raguwa - ta 20-30%, har ma fiye da haka. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau cewa lissafin akan aikin da ake buƙata na batura, la'akari da wurin wurin da suke, ya yi ƙwararru.
Kimanin tsarin shigowar iska-Water-Water
Abun kallo: IGor Smirhaunt / Burton Mai jarida
Hakkin kamantawa da rashin amfanin bakar silicon na hasken rana
| Moncrystall | Polycrystall | Amorphous silicon | |
Kuɗi | Mafi tsayi | Matsakaita | M |
Yi, aiki,% | ~ 22. | ~ 15. | ~ 10. |
Bukatun don haske | Babban: An ba da shawarar a daidaita baturin don haskaka hasken rana ya faɗi a yunwar ta | Babban: An ba da shawarar a daidaita baturin don haskaka hasken rana ya faɗi a yunwar ta | Karancin bukatar kusurwar faduwar hasken rana |
Ingancin aiki a cikin yanayin girgije | M | M | M |
Rayuwar Ma'aikata | ~ 25. | ~ 20. | ~ 15. |
A ina kuma yadda ake kafa batura da kwantar da iska
Ya kamata a samo bangarorin hasken rana har zuwa lokacin da zai yiwu don hasken rana ya sauka a kansu. A arewacin hemisphere, an tura bangarorin hasken rana a cikin hanyar kudu, a karkashin ƙirar da ta dace da lotit na yanki. A aikace, bangarorin hasken rana ana shigar dasu a kudancin gangara na rufin. Idan babu irin wannan yiwuwar, to an sanya batura a cikin wuri mara kyau, kuma ya kamata a ƙara ma'aunin gyare-gyare. Yana iya zama dole don ƙara yawan kayayyaki.
Generator na iska tare da axis na juyawa na juyawa da aka santa da ƙananan amo. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Da kyau, idan kuna da gefe akan yankin hawa, inda a nan gaba zaku iya shigar da ƙarin samfuran guda ɗaya ko fiye. Domin ba da daɗewa ba za ku sami ra'ayin cewa zai yi kyau don ƙara aikin aikin.
Ana buƙatar sanya bangels na rana don haka don a yi amfani da su. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai don gyara aiki ba, har ma tsabtace - dole ne a yi shi a kai a kai tare da fallen foliage tare da bangarori, ƙura da datti. Musamman mahimmanci shine wadatar bangarori tare da amfani da zagaye na shekara saboda buƙatar tsabtace su daga dusar ƙanƙara.
Mai jan hankali mai iska mai launin iska mai rauni na mai rauni (daga 23 m / s) iska. Hoto: "Wind-Power"
Ana ba da shawarar ƙwararrun iska a kan mafi girman yankin ƙasa. Ba lallai ba ne don adanawa a kan mast: a cikin tsorarru na 8-10 m, ƙarfin iska yana ƙaruwa da kusan 30%. Windmill lokacin aiki na iya zama amo, don haka ya fi kyau shigar da shi kusa da 10 mita daga gidan. An yi sa'a, ƙarancin ɗumbin dabbobi da suka shafi lafiya da duniyar dabbobi, kawai ana samar da ƙwararrun iska mai yawa ana samar da - daga 100 kw da mafi girma. Sabili da haka, haske da ƙananan ƙwararrun masu samar da fararen iska ana shigar da su a kan rufin gine-ginen gine-gine, kuma ga irin waɗannan halayen yana da kyawawa don amfani da ma'aunin busheping.
Generor da iska sun sami ingantattun kansu musamman a ƙasashe na Rasha (a cikin a cikin gida da annoba), a ina, matsakaicin ƙarfi iska mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi (sama da 7 m / s).
Tsarin Kärcher Isolate don tsabtatawa na makamashi Galvanic. Tsaftace baturin da aka gurbata da shi ya karu da ƙimar makamashi ta kusan 20%. Hoto: Kärcher.
Kayan aikin na zaɓi
Baya ga masu samar da na yanzu (janarerato na iska ko baturin sol) kuna buƙatar:
- Inverter - yana sauya halin da ake ciki na Likita ta hanyar Solar ko baturi, a cikin maɓallin yanzu tare da damar 220 v.
- Baturori mai caji (Akb). Sun tara wadatar da wutar lantarki idan akwai yawan amfani da abinci ko kuma yanayin lokacin da janareto ba ya samar da wani halin yanzu (alal misali, bangels na rana da dare).
- Masu Gudanar da Cajin - Na'urorin da ke da alhakin shugabanci na gangarar wutar lantarki ta hanyar janareta. Ba tare da su ba, da janareta za su iya cire haɗin da hannu da hannu kowane dare kuma a ƙarshen kowace caji. Bugu da kari, Masu Gudanarwa suna haɓaka ƙarfin janareto zuwa 30-50%.
- Hanawa janareta. Game da batun janareta, shine matsakaicin matsakaicin 8-10 m. Don bangarori na rana, shi ne brakets don shigarwa ko daban.
Kamar yadda ake nuna aikin, kayan aikin zai biya kusan gwargwadon janareta.