Da yawa suna mamakin idan yana yiwuwa a gina a cikin hunturu. Zaka iya, da kuma tubalin bulo da gidaje. Babban abu shine mu biye da fasahar gini a yanayin zafi da zamu fada.
Hoto: Andrei Shevchenko, Kamfanin gine-gine "
Shin zai yiwu a gina yayin lokacin sanyi? Ana rage ra'ayin kwararru zuwa masu zuwa: Yana yiwuwa, amma kawai idan tsananin kiyaye dokokin hunturu don gudanar da tafiyar da fasaha. A Sweden da Finland, wanda ke da daidai da yankuna da yawa na Rasha, "unnedan" underal "gini mai ƙarancin ƙasa ya daɗe ya zama al'ada. Gina katako (ciki har da bangon) bango, cike da tsari da ƙayyadaddun fanko, da kuma saka hannu da ke ƙarƙashin facades matsakaici sanyi ba ya tsoma baki mai matsakaici. A dimɓen yanayin zafi yana da wuya a yi aiki tare da kankare, abu ne mai mahimmanci don kula da brickwork da kuma hawa mai sauƙaƙe da kuma ya cika funkoso da gama fushin da ya cika da dutse ko kuma ya cika funkshin dutse.
Idan an yanke shawarar dakatar da aiki don hunturu, to shafin ginin dole ne ya zama presesserved: ƙulli da kuma rufe rufin wucin gadi. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Yadda za a zuba harsashin ginin a cikin sanyi
An ƙara maganin rigakafi a kankare, da kuma filastik don ƙara yawan kwararar kayan da abubuwa, hanzarta saiti. Hoto: CLITONIT.
Tushen gidan shine tushe, wanda yawanci aka yi da kankare. A yanayin zafi a kasa 5 ° C, dole ne ka nemi gabatowar musamman don kankare. Ofayansu shine amfani da maganin da aka yi mai magani. A cikin aiwatar da shirye-shiryenta, ruwa, yashi da dutse mai zafi. A wannan yanayin, zazzabi na kankare kada ya wuce 40 ° C kuma ya kasance ƙasa 20 ° C, in ba haka ba za'a rage motsi sosai. Aikin masana'anta - don yin saiti mai dumi da sauri zuwa wurin ginin. Kudin irin wannan kankare shine aƙalla 30% mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da bazara. Don tabbatar da ingantaccen yanayi don saiti, kankare ana zuba cikin wani preheated tushe da rufe tsari.
A lokacin da windows da kofofin da kuma kwanciya bututu, kar a yi ba tare da coam ba tare da polyurethane ba, manyan halaye na wanne ne kashi-harben sanyi, fitarwa da yawa. Hoto: "Tsarin-Pro"
Wani zaɓi shine amfani da daskararren sanyi a cikin abin da ƙari mai narkewa-sanyi (ƙari) an gabatar da shi, ragewar daskarewa ruwa da kuma hanzarta karfin ciminti. Mafi sau da yawa, abubuwa dangane da sodium nitrite, carbon dioxide, ana amfani da chloride chloride azaman irin waɗannan ƙari. Yana da mahimmanci a tsayar da gwargwado na taro na kankare da kuma ƙari mai tsaurin sanyi. Idan abubuwa basu isa ba, kankare zai fara daskare kuma aiwatar da samuwar dutse zai daina.
Karamin kamfanin diller mai karantawa yana da daidaitaccen rarraba kayan aiki na Andoortrosas a ko'ina cikin cakuda. Hoto: Sika.
Lokacin hunturu ne lokacin da ya dace don yankan wani coci, wanda ya ba da babban shrinkage. Don ɗaukar hoto mai sauƙi wanda ya dace don amfani da tef na Jute. Hoto: "Group Dine"
Yin amfani da ƙari na daskararren sanyi -25 ° C, koyaya, kaddarorin fasaha na daskararren kankare ne mafi muni fiye da takwaransa na gargajiya. Sabili da haka, akwai ƙuntatawa da yawa akan amfani da wannan kayan. Saboda haka, kankare tare da ƙari na Antrosasal ba za a iya amfani da kayan aiki ba a tsarin da aka riga aka jaddada abubuwa, da kuma yadda ake gudanar da kayan kwalliya. Idan sodium chloride ko alli chloride na da ƙari, to irin wannan kankare ba zai iya sarrafa kayan aikin ba, kuma ba su amfani da su na musamman, a farfajiya wanda ba a yarda da shi ba.
Za a iya ba da umarnin cakuda tare da ƙari antorrosas ƙari a masana'anta (matsakaita tare da isarwa a cikin 40-50 Km daga cikin shuka - idan, alal misali, shi ne da ake buƙata kaɗan kaɗan ko kuma ya halatta pound cika tushe. Dukkanin kayan abinci ana sayar da su a cikin kunshe tare da umarnin tare da abin da ya zama mabuɗin don ƙirƙirar tsarin monolithic. Yadda ake aiki tare da "sanyi" kankare? An sanya taro a cikin tsari da kuma m. A zazzabi na cakuda bayan hatimin ya wuce daskarewa daskarewa na masu ruwa mafi kyau na kayan maye a akalla 5 ° C. A farfajiya na kankare, ba'a kare ta hanyar tsari ba, an rufe shi don guje wa danshi daskarewa. An cimma ruwa a ƙarƙashin mafaka har sai an kai ikon da za'a iya samin karfin karfi.
Smallaramin tsari na tsari yana da sauƙi haduwa, amma baya kare kankare daga sanyi. Hoto: Izba de Luxe
Saboda haka, yi amfani da cakuda hunturu, wanda ake kawota tare da famfo mai haɓakawa
Na gaba, an rufe gadin gas tare da fim mai kauri PVC don hana fadowa da rage ƙasa asarar asarar
A yanayin yanayin zafi (daga +3 ° C to -3 ° C), zaku iya cika tushe. A lokaci guda an zuba da kuma trambed yashi matashin
Dutsen Fasali na Straces
Sanya kankare tare da anti-sanyi ƙari
Koyaya, harsashin ginin a cikin hunturu shine aiwatar da matsala da kuma cinyewa lokaci. Kudin girma ramuka ko kuma hadadden ya yi girma, saboda ko da ma gurbata, wani yanki mai kauri, wani yanki mai kauri na iya haifar da matsala. Rarraba trenches da hannu duk mafi wahala: duniya zata buƙaci sauke scrap. Ba shi da amfani a ɗumi yin ɗumi don dumama ta boneys ɗin ta, da kuma na'urar mai mai da magani daga fim zai zama mai tsada sosai.
Irin waɗannan hanyoyin da aka tsara hunturu, kamar wutar lantarki na cakuda da shigarwa na tsinkaye, ba su da tsada kuma kada ku bar kansu a cikin ginin ƙananan reting.
A matsayin madadin yin kankare, yana yiwuwa a bada shawarar amfani da saurin-sikelin tushen tushen sauri tare da fenti mai zane. Gaskiya ne, zai dace da haske mai haske (firam, brussade) da rayuwar da aka ƙididdige ba shekaru 60 ba.
Gina bangon kayan kamar kumfa da katange-kankanin dutsen, zaka iya. Gaskiya ne, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa shinge mai girbe da gutsutsuren masonry an rufe kuma ba a kafa shi a saman kayan. Bugu da kari, abun da ke ciki na mafita yana da matukar muhimmanci. Za'a ba da fifiko ga mai lamba ta hunturu na musamman da kuma gyara cakuda siminti. Hoto: "Hel-toshe"
A kan kaddarorin kankare
Magani da Masonry bayani sune abubuwan da suka fi saukarwa a cikin ginin hunturu. A cikin zazzabi mara kyau, ruwan da ke kunshe a cikin kayan su ya fara daskare. A wannan yanayin, ruwa yana ƙaruwa da kashi 9%, kuma matsin lamba yana haɓaka a cikin pore yana lalata tsarin cakuda mara wuya. Frost ne mai hadarin gaske sosai sabo. Bayan ya isa kashi 50%, da tasirin ƙarancin zafin jiki ba shi da mahimmanci. Hakanan yana da daraja a lura cewa taro na kankare sannu a hankali, banda tsarin hydration na ciminti - wanda ya dace da shi yana jinkirta da kanta.
Keramzite kankare. Hoto: "sumunti da"
Fasali na Masonry
Akwai manyan hanyoyin guda biyu na Brickwork a low yanayin - "daskarewa" da kuma amfani da ƙari na musamman. Asalin farkon shine kamar haka. Tsarin ciminti na yau da kullun-yashi yana da kyakkyawan zazzabi a lokacin aiki, ba da daɗewa ba a cikin bakin ciki bayan hunturu da bazara na masonry. Don haka zazzabi na maganin ba shi da lokacin faɗuwa a ƙasa da ƙididdigar, Masonry kai da hanzarta hanzarta. Ya kamata a cinye maganin shirye don na minti 20-30.
Yawancin masana sun mamaye ra'ayi cewa sanya hanyar daskarewa ta zama mafi kyau ba don jagoranci ba. Gaskiyar ita ce tare da daskararren masonry a cikin seams, cakuda da aka yiwa yashi da yashi mai sacciya. Magani nan da nan yakai rasa filastik, a kwance seams ba shi da cikakken compoly, wanda zai iya haifar da babbar barazanar da karfi da kwanciyar hankali tsarin.
Za'a iya dage farawa a cikin asalin yumbu na wani abu mai zafi a cikin iska zazzabi ba ƙasa da -5 ° C. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Hanya ta biyu ta ƙunshi gabatarwar cikin ingantaccen bayani na musamman, hanzari aikin sunadarai ciminti. Godiya garesu, yana da lokaci don samun ƙarfi a zazzabi mara kyau (har zuwa -10 ° C). Amma ƙuntatawa, kamar yadda a yanayin "sanyi" kankare, ana samun su. Musamman, amfani da mafita tare da ƙarin ƙari na Andoortrosal na iya haifar da bayyanar da masu hidita a gaban Masonry. Sabili da haka, yin amfani da irin wannan cakuda don wani nau'in nau'in tsarin dutse ya kamata a haɗa shi tare da ƙungiyar aikin.
Saurin tudun hunturu
Tsarin rfter a cikin hunturu za'a iya gina shi daga kowane kayan. Amma tsarin katako yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Tun da At0 inc20 ... -25 ° On da Itace na zafi na yanayi ya zama mai rauni, abin da aka makala yana wakiltar wasu matsaloli - itacen yana iya ba da wasu matsaloli - itacen zai iya ba da crack. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a aiwatar da aiki akan ƙirƙirar tsarin Rafter a yanayin zafi. A matsayin rufin, zaku iya amfani da kowane kayan banda fale-falen buraka.
Lokacin shigar da rufin skon sankarar ciminti, tarin kayan a ko'ina ya rarraba a kan jirgin sama na skate, saboda haka yayin aiki basa motsa samfuran yayin aiki. Hoto: Tatyana Karakulova / SaDa Media
Stacking yana farawa daga tille na cornice, wanda aka gyara tare da sukurori da kuma Medmer na rigakafi
Gefe (gaban) ginshiƙan tale kuma suna batun batun karfin gwiwa.
Auren filastik eree kashi, ma'aikaci don iska mai iska
Hunturu hawa dutsen
Akwai hunturu, bazara da kuma kayan kwalliya a kasuwa. Za'a iya danganta kumfa ga na yau da kullun, saboda ya halatta a yi amfani da yanayin zafi daga -10 ° C (a cikin adadin masana'antun daga -25 ° C) zuwa -30 ° C) zuwa -30 ° C) zuwa -30 ° C) zuwa -30 ° C) A cikin hunturu, zafi yayi ƙasa, kuma kayan haɗin yana buƙatar danshi. Yanke na hunturu ya bambanta da lokacin rani wanda yake aiki a cikin more hadaddun yanayi, har ma da rashin ƙarfi. Wajibi ne a kula da bayani kamar yadda yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama, saboda yawancin abubuwan da aka yi kafin ayi mai zafi. Wasu masana'antun da suka tabbatar da cewa za a iya amfani da kumfa a -20 ° C, amma balan yakamata ya zama dumi. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku sami lokaci don ciyar da balloon ba, kamar yadda zai yi sanyi da sauri. Dole ne mu manta cewa alkalami hunturu yana da karewa a cikin gajere fiye da bazara.Gina gidan katako a cikin hunturu
Advestionsashanin cikakkun katako da aka yi da bushe itace suna tsoron ruwan sama da babban zafi, ba sanyi ba. Hoto: "sumunti da"
Gudanar da shrinkage sabon log ya zama dole a kowane watanni 2-3, ciki har da a cikin hunturu. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci don daidaita d roke na dunƙulen kuma bincika ko bai fito a kan ganuwar naman gwari ba, bai jagoranci ragy. Hoto: Andrei Shevchenko, Kamfanin gine-gine "
Gidan da aka zagaye da aka yi a yanayin masana'antar (a), yana yiwuwa a gina akwati a kan mãkirci kamar yadda a lokacin bazara da kuma a cikin hunturu. Hoto: Vadiim Kvalev / Burda Mai jarida
Lokacin haɗuwa da log na log ko mashaya, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa ba rigar hatimi na yau da kullun ba. Hoto: "Nb"
Bar, ya buɗe a lokacin rani a cikin tari a cikin tari a cikin tari, ya ƙunshi ɗan danshi da kuma zaɓi tsagi da kuma zaɓi tsagi da kwano akan shafin ginin. Hoto: Dabbarori
Ginin ginin bango daga safofin hannu na yanayi ko zazzabi ba shi da. Ayyukan ba a gudanar da ayyuka ba a cikin ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara don hana wetting na shigarwar octionali na oxide da rufi. A cikin hunturu, wani ɗan gajeren rana mai haske yana buƙatar na'ura a wurin ginin ginin wucin gadi. Mai nauyi, idan aka kwatanta da lokacin bazara, yanayin aiki yana ƙara lokacin aiki, da yanayin hadaddun hanya wani lokacin yana hana kayan ginin a cikin lokacin da aka tsara. Gabaɗaya, aikin hunturu ya fi tsada fiye da bazara, amma ragi a farashin farashi don kayan yau da kullun a ɓangaren ramawa don wannan bambancin. Tabbas, zaku iya sanya irin waɗannan ayyukan kawai da kamfanin da ke da ƙwarewar amfani da ita.
Konstantin Maslov
Injiniya na Cibiyar Kula da Fasaha GK "Izba De Lu'u"
Za a gina ginin gini ko gida daga bangarorin sip ɗin a kan maƙarƙashiya na watanni 2-3 kawai, kuma za'a iya shirya babban ginin ginin a lokacin sanyi. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Ginin gidan kwarangwal a cikin hunturu ba ya haifar da matsaloli. Muna ba da shawarar da tushe daga tarin dunƙule tare da ƙungiyar Rasha, tare da na'urar da ke da manyan-sikelin-sikelin-sikelin-sikelin-sikelin-sikelin-sikelin-sikelin-sikelin earthworks ba a buƙatar kuma babu buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki. Lokacin da bangon da ruɓaɓɓen ruhun gargajiya na zamani, wajibi ne don yin la'akari da cewa dukkanin filashin "sanwic", ya kamata ya bushe (ruwan sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, ruwan sanyi ba a aiwatar da shi ba). Facade gama da rufin da kuma ta kowane bangarori an yarda a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Kawai filastar, plastering da zane-zane da zane suna cire.
Sergey Matat.
Injiniyan rana-stery