Yawancin 'yan ƙasa sun yarda da sanarwa cewa rayuwa mai gamsarwa ba zai yiwu ba tare da tayin al'ada.
Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Don "dacewa" ba su kasance a farfajiyar ba, amma a cikin gidan, kuma a cikin gida yana sarrafa kansa idan ya yiwu. Yadda za a gina irin wannan tsarin a cikin gida ɗaya?
Babban aikin cibiyar sadarwar gidan kasar shine tara da kuma tsarkaka ruwan gida da aka yi amfani da shi. Ya wuce ta hanyar matakan tsabtatawa, ya kamata a tsabtace magudanar da ke cikin wannan yanayin don a iya kasancewa ba tare da nuna wariya ba ko kuma, ko, ko da kyau, yi amfani da ruwa mai amfani a cikin tattalin arziki).
An yi imani da cewa magudanan ya zama lafiya lokacin tsaftacewa da kashi 99%. Me yasa kyawawa don tsabtace? Gaskiyar ita ce cewa an yi amfani da ɗigo daga cikin ramin ko wani wuri a wurin yanar gizon. Kuma idan ruwan da aka gurbata yana tattarawa a cikin Cesspool, wanda zai iya cika da sauri cika. Bari mu ce, idan mutum daya ya samar da lita 200 na hannun jari a rana, to dangin mutane uku suna da fiye da 4 m³ a cikin mako guda. Zai zama dole don kiran motar sabani kusan mako-mako, kuma kayan shafa zai zama da gaske "gwal".
4 Dokokin don ingantaccen aiki na kayan kwantar da hankali
- Kada ku taɓa abubuwa masu guba a cikin bututun mai (alal misali, ƙwayoyin chlorine), ƙwayoyin cuta suna ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta. Yi amfani da kayan wanka na musamman lafiya ga Los Microflora.
- Kada ku shafe sharar gida daga matattarar magani na ruwa.
- Kada a haɗu da ruwan sama daga tsummoki da abin da ke cikin tafkuna. Wannan ya wuce nauyi a kan tsarin.
- Yi amfani da tsaba da suka dace kuma ba sa kiyaye ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta "a kan Sarrafa mai fama da yunwa", a kai a kai ta amfani da bayan gida.
Zabi Septic
Duk yadda aka shirya tsarin tsabtatawa, dole ne ya ƙunshi babban tanki - tanki "baƙar fata - tare da Cesspool - tare da Cesspool - wanda ake kira Septic a rayuwar yau da kullun ). A cikin Septic, wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka haɗa da insolable suka faɗi precipitated, sarari lalata na ya faru. Akwai kuma hanyoyin aiwatar da aikinzarin halittu na ƙazantar (ko kawai rotting). Ana yin kwayoyin anaerobic don shari'ar, a cikin yanayin al'ada rayuwa, alal misali, a cikin ƙasa ba tare da samun isasshen oxygen ba. Irin wannan, misali, micrbes-methaneosgens, wanda ferment wasu nau'ikan mahaɗan kwayoyin, suna canza su cikin methane da carbon dioxide.
Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Tankuna na Septic na iya zama nau'i daban: spheroal, madaidaiciya-cle, cylindrical. A mafi yawan lokuta, yanayinabin yana da dawwama na filastik, wanda zai iya yin hidimar ba tare da fasa da leaks da yawa ba shekaru da yawa
Aikace-aikacen na zamani suna cikin mafi yawan lokuta na kwantena da aka yi da filastik mai dorewa. Suna iya samun biyu ko fiye (yawanci har zuwa huɗu) Umardan ɗakunan ajiya guda ɗaya ya haɗa da bututun, kuma abubuwa marasa zurfi sun faɗi cikin laka. A lokaci guda, yana gudana daga ɗakin guda zuwa wani, magudanan ruwa a cikin tsabtace halitta. Wannan bai san hanya ba, an yi imani cewa tsari yana ɗaukar kwanaki 3.
Dangane da haka, ikon yanka ya kamata ya zama aƙalla ba kasa da kwanaki uku na sharar ruwa ba. Idan muka ɗauka cewa mutum ɗaya a cikin rana yana cin lita 150-200 na ruwa, wanka, dafa abinci, yana da sauƙi a lissafta cewa wani tanki ɗaya ya zama girma aƙalla 450-600 l, kuma don a Iyalin mutane uku - kimanin 2 m³.
Hoto: Leroy Merlin (3)
Kasancewa: Maigia Biosept ("na kwayoyin cuta") don Septic da Cesspools (a). Septic Biograraphic (Khimola) don Tsarin Anerobic da kuma tsarin nau'in tsarin (b). Ambaliyar ruwa "septic" (rioelements) don tsabtace kayan shawa (b)
Kwayar halitta mai sauƙi ne masu sauki na'urori na'urori, lokacin zabi wanda ban da karfin, zaka iya kula da ilimin lissafi. Akwai tankuna na bushen tsaye (suna maimaita siffar rijiyoyin daga ƙirar kankare), kuma akwai shigarwa a kwance. Latterarshe na buƙatar na'urar da ke cikin zurfin zurfin rami, wanda yake musamman da muhimmanci a matakin ƙasa na ruwa. Amma "a kwance" tankuna na septic suna ɗaukar ƙarin sarari a shafin.
Shigarwa na Septica
An sanya shi a kan tsarin septic a cikin irin hanyar da za a kula da mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin shi da sauran abubuwan tattalin arziki da ake buƙata don tanadin SES. Septic, alal misali, ya kamata a kasance a nesa na aƙalla mita 5 daga gidan kuma aƙalla 20 m daga yawan ruwa. Tsarin magudanar ƙasa wanda ruwa ya wuce dunƙule bayan da septic, a cikin ƙasa na bakin ciki, a cikin yashi da kuma samp kasa - 50 m.
Yana da kyawawa a lokaci guda don septicch bai yi nisa da gidan ba, to ba zai zama dole ba don ƙarfafa bututun mai da kuma tanki na septic. Yi hukunci da kanka: bututun daga gidan an samo shi ne 30-50 cm sama da zurfin matakin daskarewa (a yankin Moscow na iya zama a 70 cm). Ana saita saukar da rami mai gangara zuwa ga kusan 2-3 cm (an ƙaddara ta snip dangane da diamita da kayan duniya).
Abu ne mai sauki ka lissafta cewa lokacin cire 10 m daga gidan, bututun zai riga ya cire 20 m, to, da Motsin yana da zurfin 4.5 m. Hakanan za'a iya haɗa bututun da karfi (yawanci ababen hawa a cikin septic shine 10-15 cm a ƙasa shigarwar). Sabili da haka, septicaifs suna ƙoƙarin kada suyi post akan ƙa'idodin mita 5 daga gidan.
Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Septic (a cikin adadi shine ma'aurata biyu) an sanya shi a nesa na akalla 5 m daga ginin, bututun da ke tare da keɓaɓɓun ƙwayar cuta 2-3 na cm don kowane sabon abu na bututu. Idan bututun suna sama da matakin alama na duniya, to, a lokacin aiki zagaye, suna buƙatar insable na USB (alal misali, kebul na kebul)
Lokacin zabar wuri, yi la'akari da iska ya tashi. Septic hankula aka fi dacewa tare da letward gefen gidan, Verandas, Arbers don kauce wa wari mara dadi. Don manufa ɗaya, haɗarin samun iska dole ne ya shirya a cikin dunƙule na gida, wanda aka cire zuwa matakin rufin. Septic kaska shima sanye da bututun iska mai shaye shaye, wanda aka nuna a mafi ƙarancin 50 cm daga matakin ƙasa (ana iya yin shi a sama - faɗi, don kada ƙanshi a 2-2.5 m, don haka ƙanshi ba zai zama kwata-kwata .
Tankuna na Septic suna da babban girma saboda abin da samfurin haske daga filastik na iya "tashi" idan fasahar shigarwa ta karye; mai tsanani, kankare sepicum irin wannan rabo, mai yiwuwa, ba ya yi barazanar
Lokacin zabar wuri, kar ku manta cewa tepticch na lokaci-lokaci (yawanci sau ɗaya a shekara da rabi) dole ne a ba shi. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a kasance yana nan don haka injin ƙididdigar na iya fitar da shi zuwa gare shi. Tsawon wasan motar yawanci 6-15 m, sabili da la'akari da zurfin iya aiki, yana da kyawawa cewa injin na iya ƙara shi akalla 10-12 m. Sannan farashin famfo mai ɗorewa na 3- 4 M³ shine dubu 2-3 (2-3).
Amma idan nisa daga hanya ya yi yawa (40-50 m), kuna buƙatar sabis ɗin ƙungiyar mai ƙarfi da tsada, irin wannan dabara bazai zama koina ba, kuma farashin ayyukanta zai zama 2- Sau 3 mafi girma.
Za'a iya yin tanki na septic a cikin hanyar gargajiya, wanda aka yi da ƙamshi na kankare wanda aka sanya a tsaye a kan juna. A kasan wannan ƙirar an daidaita shi, kuma ramin tsakanin zobba an rufe shi da kankare. Tare da aiwatar da aiki neat, irin wannan Septicch da aka yi zaiyi muni fiye da filastik.
Matakai na hawa
Shiri kafuwar. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Don kankare Septic, ba a buƙatar farantin, amma ɗaga rarar zai buƙaci. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Zurfin rami ya dogara da cirewa daga gidan, yayin da ya kamata a nuna kyankyasa a kan ƙasa. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Nau'in Tsarin Tsabtace ƙasa
| Nau'in gine-gine | Lissafta, M³ / rana | Kasa shirya | Zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa, m |
|---|---|---|---|
| Filayen Fil's | Bai iyakance ba | Sands, Sandes | Ba kasa da 1.5 m daga madubi na ruwa zuwa ƙananan iyakar magudanar ruwa |
| Tace da kyau | Har zuwa 1 m³ / rana | Sands, Sandes | 1 m ƙasa da tushe na rijiyar |
| Yashi-gravel tace (tsaye ko a kwance) | Bai iyakance ba | Sugka, yumɓu | Ba kasa da 1.5 m daga madubi na ruwa zuwa ƙananan iyakar magudanar ruwa |
| Tashin hankali | Bai iyakance ba | Sugka, yumɓu | Ba kasa da 1.5 m daga madubi na ruwa zuwa ƙananan iyakar magudanar ruwa |
| Tace motsi | Bai iyakance ba | Sands, Sands, sushulinki | Kasa da 1.5 m daga saman ƙasa |
Menene tsarin tace na farko?
Daga Supepic, tsintsaye tsarkakakken ruwa ya fada cikin lokaci na gaba na tsaftacewa. Ana iya za'ayi duka biyu a cikin tankuna kamar septica da kai tsaye a kan tsarin fillatir. Latterarshe ƙananan matashin kai ne da aka yi da yadudduka da yawa na faɗuwar kasa tare da wasu halaye marasa tacewa (yashi, miya). A cikin wannan matashin, an sanya bututun da aka fitar akan abin da tsintsayen fayyace ya zo. Hannun jari suna sannu a hankali suna bincika kuma a tace a cikin tsarin tace ƙasa.Akwai nau'ikan tantancewar ƙasa da yawa. Wannan ko kuma ana amfani da wannan nau'in dangane da girma na sharar gida, matakin ruwan karkashin kasa, da kuma yadda tace iyawar kasa ta yanar gizo.
Wasu nau'ikan tsarin ƙasa na ƙasa suna da sauƙi, alal misali, tace da kyau kunshi a mafi sauƙin shari'ar da aka cika a ciki ta hanyar tace bayan baya. Babu kasan wannan rijiyar, ruwa ta fito daga Septica a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren sa kuma a ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi ya shiga cikin ƙasa. Filin mayauki shine babban kayan aiki, da bambanci ga wasu tsarin da zasu iya mamaye murabba'in dozin da yawa na yankin makircin. Rashin cancantarsu sun hada da:
- Bukatar canza bayan gida - sau ɗaya kowane shekaru 10-15 don sake gina matashin turɓayar ƙasa;
- Mummunan aiki a cikin hunturu.
Ko ta yaya, babban ma'adanin yanki na ƙasa shine buƙatar manyan yankuna a ƙarƙashinsu. Wannan yana iyakance amfaninsu, musamman a cikin ƙananan wuraren ajiye lambun. A yau, dabi'ar amfani da tsire-tsire na shinkafa na gida (LO LOS) a fili horarwa.
Yadda za a sami tsarkake ruwa da kashi 99%
Duk da tandalin bututun da aka gina bisa ga duk ka'idoji suna samar da tsabtatawa da kashi 60-70%. Wannan, duk da haka, ba ya isa don kada ruwan da aka tsarkaka, ya ce, a cikin kogin. A cewar ka'idodi na tsabta, matakin tsabtatawa yakamata ya zama 99%. Sabili da haka, da expluivent bayan teptic ya kamata a ciyar da shi a cikin tsarin magudanar ƙasa ko dai akan wuraren jigilar kayayyaki na gida (LEZ). Duk da haka, har ma da mafi ci gaba Los ba ya ba tsarkakakken shatsin hanci da kashi 99% (ana iya riga an cire su cikin runtse, a mafi kyau, 98%. Ragowar da aka samu suna samun maganin ruwa a cikin rijiyoyin chlorosation (a cikin rijiyar sanya katako) ko kuma ta hanyar lemun tsami) ko ta hanyar ocoros (ozonizer (ozonizer).
Menene fa'idar kayan jingina na gida?
Aikin jiyya na cikin gida ya bambanta da kaɗan daga ɗabi'ar, amma ya fi rikitarwa a ciki. Baya ga shigarwar shigarwar (SOTTIC), yawanci kyamarori biyu ko sama da haka waɗanda tsarin tsabtace tsabtace daban-daban suke. Kusan tabbas zaku sami tacewar Bio a cikinsu - mai iya motsawa tare da kayan sanyi (Shingingzite, thererzit), a farfajiyar da mazauna kwayoyin cuta suke rayuwa. Tsarin tsari da tsarkakewa a cikin biofilter kusan iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda aka tace shi da kyau, amma mafi inganci saboda amfani da microbes na wucin gadi (bayan baya za a iya siyau a cikin babban shagon sayar da kayayyaki).
Tsarin tace ƙasa ana coped tare da magani na ruwa, amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, mamaye babban yanki kuma saboda haka ba su dace da rukunin gidan ƙasa ba.
Hakanan a cikin maganin kankara na iya zama Aerotenk - wani akwati tare da damfara, cike da kumfa ruwa. Matsakaicin iskar oxygen yana ba da gudummawa ga hanzari na aiwatar da abubuwan sarrafawa masu amfani. Los los tare da Aerotanes waɗanda ke ba da mafi girman digiri (98%) na sharar ruwa (a cikin wani los low, ana samun digiri na tsaftacewa kusan kashi 95%). Don sake saita irin wannan ruwan yana buƙatar ƙarin disinfesa. Rashin kyawun kayan aiki na Aerotanes shine dogaro da wutar lantarki.
Hoto: "triton filastik"
Tare da babban matakin ƙasa ko ƙasa mai hana ruwa, ana amfani da tsarin tsinkaye na saman tsarin ƙasa, a wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar famfo don ɗaga ruwa
A yau akwai samfuran da yawa na Septic da Los a kasuwa, wanda ya bambanta a cikin alamomi biyu - ƙimar kwararar farashi (nawa lita ko kuma cubic da tsayayyen ruwa na sharar gida. Mafi kyawun samfuran ci gaba suna sanye da capacitance cika na'urori masu kula da microprocessor aiki. Kuma idan akwai matsala, irin waɗannan wuraren jiyya zai aika saƙon SMS ga mai shi. Tabbas, farashin mai sarrafa Los din yana da kyau sosai.
Idan za a iya siyan sutturar da yawa daga filastik na filastik 20-30,000, sannan tashoshin sarrafa kansa zai kashe dunƙules dubu 150-200. da kuma ƙari. A cikin shekaru 2-3 da suka gabata, wasu masana'antun, waɗanda ke da ayyukan tallan tallace-tallace, sun zama cikakkiyar Los (tare da hanyoyin tsabtatawa huɗu-biyar) don matsayi azaman tankuna. Saboda haka, saka matakin tsarkakewar sharar gida. Idan ya kasance 97-98%, magudanar ruwa za su kasance da tsabta, kuma ana iya cire su ba tare da takunkumi don taimako (a cikin ratting). In ba haka ba, suna buƙatar ciyar da suna, tun da ba tare da wannan ba, tsarkakakkun sun haramta aikin na'urar.
Tare da madaidaiciyar hanyar da ta dace da ƙirar Septic, a lumana cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin gonar gonar. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Kada ku manta, duk da haka, wannan lokaci zai zama dole ga fanko, don haka ƙofar don jigilar sufuri dole ne ya sami ceto. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
An shigar da tanki na dump filastik a cikin matashin kai na dummy tare da kauri na 20-30 cm. A wani babban matakin ruwan sha, an fara sanya shi a kan kankare wanda aka gyara a cikin kankare. Gilashin gefe suna barci tare da yashi, wanda aka layed (30-50 cm) trambet. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Gudun da ba'a a cikin kankare, gibbin yawa tsakanin bututu da gidaje an rufe su. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru
Daga sama da bututun iska yana fitarwa, yawanci tare da tsawo na 50-100 cm; Don ta'aziyya, za a iya yi da tsayi mafi girma, to, marasa mara kyau ba zai dame ka ba. Photo: Horturerstock / Fotodom.ru