Kwarewar kwararru sun sani da kyau cewa rufin rufin ba sauki ne kuma mai alhakin gyara. A madadin faruwar gargajiya da Putty suna ba da dama na dakatarwar dakatarwar. Sun ba da damar kawai don adana lokaci, amma kuma suna samun kyakkyawan sakamako. Tare da taimakon irin waɗannan zane-zane kuma suna warware nau'ikan gine-gine na gine-gine da ƙira da ɗalima.
Kwarewar kwararru sun sani da kyau cewa rufin rufin ba sauki ne kuma mai alhakin gyara. A madadin faruwar gargajiya da Putty suna ba da dama na dakatarwar dakatarwar. Sun ba da damar kawai don adana lokaci, amma kuma suna samun kyakkyawan sakamako. Tare da taimakon irin waɗannan zane-zane kuma suna warware nau'ikan gine-gine na gine-gine da ƙira da ɗalima.
Tsarin dakatar, ba shakka, ba wakili ne na duniya ba don gama rufin. Idan farantin gwangwani na sama suna dage farawa ba tare da mahimman matakan matakan da kuma raguna daga kwance ko uku na filastar, da aka tsara shi kuma fenti da fenti da fenti da fenti. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da rufin gani ko wutsiya rufi idan akwai rashin daidaituwa ko "matakai" na fiye da 5 mm a farfajiya. Amma wannan ba shine kawai batun ba lokacin da zaka ba da shawarar ka amince da dandalin arna a matsayin mafi fa'ida ko kuma mafi kyawun hanyar ta kammala "sammai kawai zasu kammala" sama "na gidan ku.
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B. | 
Photo v.nepledova cikin |
Sau da yawa ana amfani da rufin dakatarwar dakatarwa don tsara ƙarin hasken wuta da gas na tsarin kwandishan. Za'a iya saka beads rufin a cikin hasken Batun (b) da kuma iska mai iska (b)
Koyaya, kafin a ci gaba da yanayin, ya zama dole a yarda da ma'anar wasu ra'ayi, tunda ba masana'antun ba su da haɗin kai a cikin kalmomin. Brecked zamu kira duk zane-zane tare da firam ɗin da ke da tsauri a haɗe shi da overlap, ko kuma waɗanda ba su nan gaba ɗaya zuwa farantin farantin kai tsaye. Abin zama don suna suna rufin a kan dakatarwar daidaitacce a kan tsawon. Ito da sauran kuma a cikin mizini ne na karya rufin, tunda "gaskiya" rufi a cikin dakin shine kasan farfajiya na overlap.
Vidoba | 
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Idan ya zama dole a samar da damar shiga cikin sadarwa a bayan alkalin da aka ɗaga, an saka hatim ɗin da aka haɗa a ciki. Godiya ga tsarin matsin lamba na Buɗe / kulle (a, B, D) da Hinges na musamman (B) Irin kyankyasai na lalata
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Hoto daga V. Grigoriev | 
Hoto daga V.Ponarev | 
Mork " |
USB trays, kazalika bututun iska da akwatuna ana gyarawa don shawo kan kwaya na musamman (D) ko 'yan dakatar da su.
Famal din da aka tsayar da rufi na iya kunshe da bayanan martaba na layi daya kawai (g) ko kuma suna da jerin gwanon da ke ba da ƙarin tsarin ƙarin tsauri (s). Yves ƙara da kuma a wani yanayi, dakatar da kai tsaye na amfani da dakatarwar da ke cikin kwanon slab.
Tsananin ta takardar sayan magani
A cikin "wani yanki na tasiri" na dakatar da kuma tsarin rufin an dade an daɗe an gina shi a cikin 30 -50s. Xx in. Gidaje tare da katako mai barci, inda zan dawo da tsohon Stucco Duch ko Grid yana da tsada sosai kuma tsawon (kuma ba kowane maigidan zai iya jimrewa ba. Arya-zango da tabbaci a cikin sabbin gine-ginen tare da gidaje-shirya shirye-shirye kyauta, wanda ake amfani da shi da yawa na tsari na tsari, wanda ya boye abubuwan da aka saba ciki). A irin waɗannan halayen, tsawo na gabatarwar yawanci babba ne (2.8-3.5 m), wanda zai ba ku damar hawa ƙirar dakatar.
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Flos. |
Don yin na'urori masu haske a cikin based, ciki daga cikin rufin da ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 80mm. Hamuka don fitilu guda ɗaya (a, b) yin abun yanka, a ƙarƙashin haɗa (b) - bushe da wani takarce. Ana amfani da kayan rufin daga files na rectangular (g) wanda aka ɗora ta hanyar cire kayan kwalliya.
Za'a iya shawo kan gubar da ba a daidaita shi ba tare da cakuda filastar da aka yi a cikin grid polymer Tare da digo na 20-50mm Heights, yadudduka biyu na nau'in "Rotband" ("Knband Gypum", Russia) ana buƙatar shi tare da gridming. Amma irin wannan ayyukan aiki, banda, samun madaidaicin rufi da aka girka shi ne mafi rikitarwa fiye da bango. Ba a gano wannan maye ba, kuma lokacin da ake buƙatar bayanin martaba "manya" don kasuwanci, sun bar a kan "raƙuman ruwa" a bayyane, waɗanda suke bayyane a kwance a cikin hasken haske. Sabili da haka, koda a lokacin da aka ba da izinin mamaye, masana suna ba da shawara don tayar da ƙirar gida, duk da cewa dole ne ya yi asara 50mm.
Tsanani, USB!
A kan filasannin filasannin, ana aiwatar da wiring a cikin suturar hannun jari ko kuma amfani da kebul na kwastomomi da / ko frls sanya hannu, ba goyan bayan konewa, tare da ƙarancin hayaƙi da gas saki). A lokaci guda, ana iya aika waya mai sako-sako ta hanyar mafi guntu hanya (~ e} onanilel ga ganuwar). Idan an yi rufi da kayan mai (polystyrene kumfa, fiberboard, shi.D.), yakamata a dage farawa a cikin bututun ƙarfe. Air ducts na isasshen iska ko kwandishan na iska, bututun mai-zane-zane, da kuma samar da ruwan sha, wanda aka sanya a saman rufi, ya kamata a shigar da rufi. A cikin lamarin wannan, ana kafa tsakashin a kansu, wanda, yana tashe, za a iya ganima daga rufin.
Haɓakawa, amma ana buƙatar manyan ɗakunan rufin da aka dakatar don kawar da girma. Sau da yawa ana amfani da kitchens da sau da yawa ana amfani da su a cikin sauƙin haɗawa da fararen danshi, mawaƙa tare da tsarin da ke fama da damuwa.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman kaddarorin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun abubuwa shine ikon ɓoye tsakanin shi da kuma rushe wayoyi na lantarki da kuma har zuwa ruwa da dumama. Ba tare da dakatar da tsarin rufin, zai yi wuya a tuki shahararrun masu haɗin kai tsaye a yanzu ba tare da tsarin sarrafa su, da kuma tsarin sarrafa kayan aikin. Lura cewa kwanciya na wires da bututu a cikin sararin sayen magani ana ɗaukar su mafi aminci: Babu kusan babu haɗari don lalata hanyoyin sadarwa a ciki.
Ana amfani da kuɗi a cikin gida sosai a tsarin bazara. A lokaci guda, tare da clapboard na gargajiya, duniya (rufi da bangon PVC da mdf, wanda aka ɗora ta amfani da shingen ɓoyayyen katako, da kuma shingen bushewa da bushewa (GNC da GVL), faranti daga cire polystyrene kumfa da gilashin jamsite.
Hoto daga V. Grigoriev | 
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Shigarwa na kamfanin da aka shirya ta Masters na kamfanin "AI Di Di Didi Sty": Saka matakin kwance kuma yana matsar da alamar a kan shigarwa jirgin ruwa (a, b). An haɗa shi da bayanan bayanan da aka jagoranta (B, g).
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An sanya abubuwan dakatar da kai tsaye a cikin abubuwan dakatar da kai tsaye a cikin 600mm (d) karuwa da bayanan bayanan da aka zana (e). A ƙarshen wannan rigar ɗin ya tanƙwara. Masu haɗin haɗin kai guda ɗaya ("Crabs") da kuma bangarorin rubutu sun tattara ƙirar lattice (F - da).
Yana da - plastterboard
Mafi yawan yaduwar bangarorin zama shine tsarin dakatarwa daga GAL DA GWL. Dalilin irin wannan rufin - karfe firam ɗin da aka sanya shi (an gyara su ga bangon da ke kewaye da ɗakin), masu sauƙin tallafawa), harafi da kuma ƙarfafa su), masu haɗawa da masu fasali. An zaɓi nau'in firam ɗin yana yin la'akari da saiti na dalilai, kamar yankin ɗakin, tsawo na mafi girman sarari, da shekarun ginin, mai ɗaukar hoto na odr. Mafi sauki tsarin ya ƙunshi bayanan martaba na layi daya tare da mataki na 500-600mm akan daidaitattun abubuwan dakatarwa. Koyaya, irin wannan firam ba ta da nasa ƙiyayya, da yiwuwar fasa tsakanin zanen gado yana da girma. Fust na lattice na bayanan martaba na layi daya da kuma Jumpers ya fi dacewa (girman sel, a matsayin mai mulkin, shine 550x550mm), haɗa tare da junan ku ta amfani da amfanin gona - mai haɗa hade. Tsarin matakin biyu yana da kyau mafi girman nauyin daukaka, gami da rashin daidaituwa. An tattara shi, yana sanya bayanan martaba na kusurwoyi kusa da juna da ƙarfi suna rufe su. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan ƙananan bayanai tare da hanyar haɗi (rawar jiki) ko kuma idan akwai shirye-shirye masu ado na ado a cikin rufin, kamar sujiye, gilashin gilashin tagwaye ko filasik. Wannan nau'in abin ya ba ka damar rage yawan lokacin dakatarwa (matakin su na iya ƙaruwa daga 400-600mm), sabili da haka ramuka a cikin slablet. An haɗa abubuwan dakatarwa da shi tare da sukurori da ƙarfe towels (ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da downels dowel bisa ga ka'idodin wuta aminci). An dakatar da kai tsaye ta yuwu a shirya bayanin martaba kusa da abin da ya shafa ko kadan daga sama (mafi girma 130 mm). Hanyoyin dakatarwa tare da clams na bazara za a iya gyara shi cikin tsayi a kewayon 100-500m. Idan kana buƙatar ƙetare hanyar da ƙananan, ana amfani da yankan bayanin mai ɗaukar kaya azaman dakatarwar.
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Allasan Allasan an datse mu (k). Wuka ga Linoleum aka shimfiɗa ta ta linoleum a tsakanin zanen gado, yana ba su tsari mai siffa da yawa (l). Sun gansu da abun da ke ciki na UNIFL Ott kuma makale tare da scotch (m, n).
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Aiwatar da Layer na gama Putty (o, p). Ya rage kawai don fenti rufin
Yanke firam mafi yawan lokuta tare da bushewa na 9.5 mm lokacin farin ciki (a cikin Layer ɗaya). A lokaci guda, an fadada gidajen ta hanyar sanya su wani tsari mai siffa, sannan a shafa abun da ke tanadi elasticity, alal misali, fugenfit, unfl Gypsum "). A lokacin da surty bushe, an fi seams mafi kyau tare da tef takarda mai ɗorawa, moistened tare da PVA. Gaskiya ne, bayan haka dole ne a daidaita shi da bakin ciki na filastar na filastar plasty duk saman rufin. Idan overlap ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙarfin rawar jiki ko ginin bai ba da shrinkage ba, an yanke firam a cikin yadudduka biyu tare da mamaye gidajen abinci.
Ra'ayi na kwararre
Tare da taimakon da aka dakatar ko wutsiya rufin, ƙwararrun ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda aka yanke shawara. Misali, ta amfani da haɗe abubuwa biyu daban-daban da / ko matakin digo, ba shi da wuya a iya zartar da ɗakin. Dan kadan ragewar rufi ta bangon da ke tare da taimakon akwatunan bushewa da kuma sanya miresling mix a tsakiya, zaku sami damar gani a hada dakin. Za'a iya cimma sakamako ta hanyar sanya a tsakiyar rufin rufin daga gilashin Mattte (wannan liyafar ta dace sosai a kusa, hanyoyin da suka dace. Tsarin dakatar yana ba da damar amfani don shirya gidajen lantarki na wucin gadi. Ba tare da su ba, ba zai yiwu a Dutsen Dutsen Batun, shirya LED haskakawa. Koyaya, tsarin matakan, musamman musamman siffofin da yawa, ba haka ba ne sosai a yau, da shekaru 5-10 da suka wuce, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, masu zane suna nema su adana matsakaicin ɗakin.Olga Kondratova, Daraktan Design Studio "Ok"
A cikin keji ko tagulla?
Kasuwancin ginin yana ba da kewayon da ake kira da aka kira modular dakatar da duwatsun - diled da riguna. Waɗannan tsarin an tsara su ne don shigarwa mai sauri kuma ba sa buƙatar ƙare masu zuwa. Unich akwai wata fa'ida: A mafi yawan lokuta, kowane daga cikin kayayyaki ba sa da wahalar cire daga masu siye don maye gurbin ko gudanar da bita a cikin sararin samaniya. Rack Ceilings samar da gepel (Jamus), alamar kasuwanci Douglas, Netono (ITA), USA), ERGLANSTISTROY (Duk - Russia) idr.
Tsarin dakatarwar dakatarwar da aka yanke shi rufin bayanan tallafi na P-ko Layi (ana kiransu masu stringers) tare da ƙugiyoyi na ƙugiyoyi da dakatarwa. Matsakaicin tsayi na ƙarshen shine 500mm. Reiki da dakatarwa an yi su musamman na ƙarfe na galvanized. Idan kana son ajiye rufin rufin, bayanan martaba na kai tsaye zuwa ga gaci ta amfani da sasanninta. A wannan yanayin, jimlar kauri daga tsarin zai kasance a kan matsakaita 35-50mm. Masu kera suna samar da bayanan masu ɗaukar hoto na samari daban-daban (15-30 mm) da tsawo (25-40mm). Tun da zabi na daya ko wani girman ya dogara da nauyin da aka lissafta, lokacin sayen saiti, wanda ya zama dole mu san adadin faranti, wanda ya zama dole don sanin adadin faranti, wanda ya bambanta a kewayon 3.0-6.5KG / M2.
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Don ƙirƙirar da'irar, bayanan martaba sun yi profuls (b), kuma glk ya lankwasa hanyar "rigar" (b)
Rakees an yi shi ne da aluminum ko galvanized karfe tare da kauri na 0.3-0;, 6mm. Girman su shine 30-300 mm, kuma tsawon shine 3-4m, kodayake ana samar da wasu kamfanoni da bangarorin 6m tsawon lokaci. Yawancin kamfanoni suna yin jinsin na masu girma da ake so don yin oda, waɗanda ke ba rage ƙarancin sharar gida. Abubuwan da aka yi wa lakabi don tsarin Bulk Curvilinear kuma suna samar da tsari. Jigkar da bangon rufe da m mold. Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa don "rigar", wuraren shakatawa da baranda sun dace da layin ƙasa - kawai suna iya zama lalata a cikin shekara guda.
Launi gamut na layin dogo ne mai banbanci: An riga anodized kuma suna cikin dubun duban sautuna, kodayake ana iya yin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don yin oda. A lokaci guda, farashin, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya dogara da launi (kawai madubi mai tsada). Hakanan ana karkatar da layin ƙasa (a ƙarƙashin itace, marmara, fata - irin waɗannan samfuran akwai, a cikin adadin kamfanonin USG), kuma akan umarnin da aka girka tare da katako na manyan duwatsun. Ana samun sakamako mai ban sha'awa na ado, danna allunan layin dogo daban-daban da samari daban-daban (ƙirar jagororin tana ba ku damar yin shi). Kudin yankan gefes shine 750-2000 rubles. Na 1m2.
Tile dakatar da Acura, Armstrong (duka Amurka), Ecophon, Parafon (duka - Swedafon, OWASA (Duk - Renaly), Russia), Russia). Tsarin irin wannan tsarin shine zanen lattice (masu girma-sel - 300x300, 600x300, 600x600, 1200x600, 1200x600, 1200x600, 1200x600, 1200x600, idr 1200x600mm). Ana iya buɗe ko ɓoye. A cikin shari'ar farko, ana amfani da bayanan martaba na T-kamannin T-Shaffi, a kwance shelves wanda aka sanya fale-falen buraka. Fam ɗin ɓoye na ɓoye yana cikin bayanan martaba na L-Shafaffi, kuma kowane tayal yana sanye da shiga (nisa daga cikin kayan haɗin gwiwa ba ya wuce 1mm).
An kera fale-falen buraka daga abubuwa daban-daban: Foirglass, foamed PVC, karfe, aluminum, polyurethane. Kamfanin gypsum suna sayarwa - kamfanin ya bayar "Hinter", Escayolas de Lakeosa (Spain) IDR. Ceilings da aka yi da fale-falen ƙarfe ana kiransu Casette, kuma idan an yi akwatunan a cikin nau'in gratings - grojyato. Girma mafi girma shine bangarorin fiberglass da foamed PVC. Na farko yawanci fentin, na biyu an rufe shi da fim din Melamine ko tsare. Kudin tial cocin - 900-4500 rub. Na 1m2.
Rahoton Acoustics
Acoustic Cities (suna cikin haɗin Ecophon, OWA, Rockfon) Yi amfani da wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na gida saboda maimaita sauti mai wuya saboda maimaita sauti mai kyau. The dakatar Ft Irfan rufi da aka tattara daga tiles ko bangarori tare da wani kauri daga 20-40 mm, sanya yafi daga guga man ma'adinai fiber mai rufi da Layer na polymer da microperphoration. "Ayyukan" Wannan ƙirar kamar wannan: sauti yana ratsa kayan ta hanyar ƙananan ramuka, da wani ɓangare na kuzari na igiyar ruwa yana canzawa zuwa gaɓar wuta a cikin zaruruwa. Masu canji na keɓaɓɓun tsare-rikice daban-daban yana faruwa irin wannan girman abin da na dace da isasshen iska (aw). Yana iya samun darajar daga 0 zuwa 1. Hoto mai tsayi (aw = 0.7-0.8) yana nufin cewa an cire bangarorin sosai, suna haɓaka lokacin da sauti na sauti). Tare da kaddarorin na kayan, ƙirar geometric na rufin yana taka rawa mafi girma - abubuwan da ke da nices da "aljihuna" suna da ikon watsa wani raƙuman sauti.
"Knsus tauf Gypsum" | 
Kungiyar rufewa. | 
Ecophon. |
Za'a iya samun tasirin tasirin gani ta hanyar ɓoye hanyoyin hasken da ke bayan zage da ma'adinai. Sau da yawa a wannan hanyar da aka ba da izini na ɓoyayyiyar na'urori don chromothera, mai iya canza bakan haskakawa a yanayin atomatik (a).
Palette yana jin zane-zanen aluminum (b) da kuma danna bangarorin FIRGlass (b) ya haɗa da dubun launuka
Koyaya, rufin rufin ba a yi nufin rufin sauti ba. Idan yawanci yakan faru sau da yawa, za a buƙaci sauran mafita. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana gina zane mai amo daga GNL. A filastik, an sanya fim mai yawa polyethylene, kuma a saman shi - na ma'adinan ulu "(rootmool, Denmark", "Shumaet" da "Skinny "Abu na kayan aiki da fasaha", Russia) idr. Ofayan manyan abubuwan ƙirar shine abin da ake kira dakatar da rawar jiki, wanda aka haɗa bayanan martaba a cikin rufin. Kowace dakatarwa tana sanye da rigar roba wanda zai haifar da watsa oscillation daga slab na oslage da kuma mataimakin m. Wata hanyar don kare adawa da amo da wasu kwararru shi ne su tsaya kan zanen gado na polystyrene kumfa 20-50mm da bushe ko bushewa. A saboda wannan, ana amfani da kayan kwalliyar polyurethane da kayan kwalliyar sararin samaniya. Tsarin da aka bayyana yana ba da damar inganta rufin sauti ta 10-15DB, amma suna "aiki" galibi a kan babba da tsakiyar mitu.
Babban fasaha
Ana amfani da kebul, gilashin gilashi da kuma kwafi - wannan ba cikakken jerin kayan ado na fitarwa ba ne wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen ƙirƙirar ado na ado. Irin waɗannan tsarin ko abubuwan da aka ƙera su a cikin bita na musamman akan samfuran shirye-shirye ko zane-zane. "Kesson" an fassara shi daga Faransanci - "akwatin". Warmatores ana nuna su ta hanyar dawowa ko kuma polygonal na polygonal akan azuzu, abubuwan ciki na Archs, masu wucewa ko arches, suna matsawa daga dutse ko kuma jefa daga kankare. Iran wannan nau'in, da aka sani daga zamanin da, waɗanda aka sani a cikin gine-ginen Fasaha na sabon lokacin.
Ecophon. | 
Ecophon. | 
"Phobos da" | 
"Phobos da" |
Tare da taimakon bangarori marasa daidaituwa, zaku iya ƙirƙirar siffofin tsarin gine-gine (A, B). Don tsarin curvilinear yana amfani da zanen sauƙaƙe tare da kauri na 6 mm. Rufin gilashin fale-falen gilashi tare da fuskoki (B, d) yayi da farko wani aikin ado. Bugu da kari, yana nuna hasken wucin gadi da kyau, don haka dacewa dacewa da wuraren zama tare da bad
Katako Caisson Ceilings suna cikin buƙatu a yau. An tattara tsayayyen ƙira daga misalai. The gindi farfajiyar rufi yana plastered da fentin ko amfani da substrate daga fararen MDF. Irin wannan duwatsun da aka yi a cikin salon gargajiya zai zama kyakkyawan adon ofis, ɗakin karatu ko ɗakin zama. Ana tattara kayayyaki masu tsada daga samfuran da aka zana mai yawa - Mornices, kan iyakoki, da sel, suna cike da bangarorin murabba'i (solets). Caishons tare da katangar katako da aka tsara don masu shiga tsakani da aka yi wa ado a cikin baroque da ampire salon. Abubuwan da suke a gare su galibi OAak da nau'ikan mahogany. Duk nau'ikan caishs suna da hadaddun ba kawai a cikin kera ba, har ma a cikin shigarwa: an haɗa sassan sasanninta da kuma haɗawa da jingina. Wannan aikin mai zafi ne, tunda duk menner yakamata ya kasance boye. Saboda haka, farashin Ciisson Caison yana da girma sosai - daga 18,000. Na 1m2.
Ra'ayi na kwararre
Sau da yawa yana da mahimmanci don jin cewa fasaha ta acewar da aka dakatar da aka dakatar da shi a yau daki-daki kuma an yi aiki a fili. Wannan gaskiya ne kawai a sashi. A gaba don yin la'akari da duk abubuwan aikin gini ba zai yiwu ba, kuma girke-girke na duniya kawai ba su wanzu. Sabili da haka, a cikin kowane yanayi na musamman, dole ne ku ƙirƙira ainihin (aƙalla a sashi) tsarin. Wannan aiki ne ga ƙwararre, tun da ƙirar ƙirar ya dogara da amincin mafita. Domin a sakamakon samun nasara, gogewa da ƙwarewar fasaha har ma ana buƙatar su, salla da fasaha da skewers da samar da zane-zane suna aiki, amfani da kayan zane. Kurakurai a cikin zane da kuma gina rufin busasshen bushewa na iya haifar da canji a cikin ilimin lafazin, abin da ya faru na fasa tsakanin zanen gado da sauran sakamako marasa dadi. Adadin kwaskwarima ba zai taimaka, kuma cikakkiyar murƙushe rufin a cikin gida na hutu daidai yake da bala'i ba. Wajibi ne abokin ciniki ya umarci taron jama'a na aikin gini da "fenti" na kamfani daya kuma yana buƙatar garanti na shekaru biyu daga gare ta.
Andrei Khrusaliya, Babban Daraktan Ay Di Stetroina
Hanyoyin don gilashin gilashi ana yin su ta hanyar girman daidaitattun firam na 600x600, 1200x600mm. Abubuwan da ba a saba ba - Faces daga abubuwa tare da gefen madubi ko tsarin da ke haifar da sandblesting. Tasiri na musamman wanda zai yiwu a samu, hada buga hoton hoto ko fasahar gilashin gilashi tare da haske mai haske.
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Mataki na Majalisar Ruwan rufin: zuwa SLAB na overlap na ɗaure dakatarwar (a); Dutsen Jagorori da Bayanan Bayanan Bayanai, yayin da lokaci guda suna daidaita tsawon (B, B); Sanya bangarorin ado na ado (g)
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A lokacin da shigar da yanayin rufin sauti, ana amfani da tsattsauran ra'ayi. A lokaci guda, zanen gado na plastboard suna haɗe zuwa bayanan martaba ta hanyar ɗakunan ƙasa ko kuma ji da kuma wuraren shakatawa (e), da kuma wuraren haɗin gwiwa (e), da kuma wuraren haɗin gwiwa (e), da kawai suna bayyana a cikin rufin)
A cikin masu gyara suna godiya da kamfanin "Ay Di Stoly", Rockwool, "Knps Gyps",
Santa-Goben Hausa kayayyakin Rus "," phobos Plus "don taimako a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan.