Tsarin kariya don Windows: nau'in shigarwa, Hanyar shigarwa, Opentiview

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Tsarin kariya don Windows: Tsarin lattice, nau'in masu juji, aikin na zamani mirgine su, hanyoyi don samfuran samfura. Sake dubawa

Tsarin kariya don Windows: nau'in shigarwa, Hanyar shigarwa, Opentiview 13033_1

Taga karkashin kariya
Marubucin aikin A.sibko

Hoto K. Manko.

Taga karkashin kariya
"Svarog"
Taga karkashin kariya
Alukon.

Roller rufe (rollers) ya bayyana a Italiya a ƙarshen Xihwek. Da farko, zane a kansu an yi su da katako Lamelllae tare da junan ku. Mataki da Aluminum ya zo don maye gurbin itacen

Taga karkashin kariya
"Academy of ciki"

Yawancin masana'antun windows an kera su kuma masu rufe shi daga abu guda. Ba za ku iya ba da umarnin su kammala tare da taga ba.

Taga karkashin kariya
Architect f.robopich

Hoto M.Sepanov

Laman wanda ya shigar a cikin Deaf Canvases zai baka damar saukar da dakin tare da rufe rufewa, amma ƙirar kasa da rashin lafiya

Taga karkashin kariya
Marubutan aikin V. Rugbak, T.Kharibak

Hoto K. Manko.

Za'a iya sanye da griles taga tare da bude kowane aya, tsawo da sanyi. Kamar yadda lokacin da ake ba da izinin Windows, ƙwarewar kamfanin daga kamfanin zai zo gare ku kuma zai yi daidai, kuma idan ya cancanta, samfuri daga plywood ko Orglate zai yi akan-site. Kurakurai a ma'aunin suna haifar da manyan matsaloli yayin shigar

Taga karkashin kariya
Marubucin aikin O.ESekonenko

Hoto M.SEPANOVA, D.Vnnivtsev

Zane na taga lattice dole ne ya dace da tsarin tsarin gine-gine.

Taga karkashin kariya
"Sabbin alloli"
Taga karkashin kariya
"Sabbin alloli"

Swudun Grids sanye da kulle na musamman tare da gidaje tsaye

Taga karkashin kariya
Hoto daga D.Minkina

Daya daga cikin kasawar lattices- akai-akai "bude aiki" duba daga taga

Taga karkashin kariya
"Sabbin alloli"

Windows a bene na biyu na kasar gidan yana buƙatar kariya a baya da na farko

Taga karkashin kariya
"Metallmanthaservice"
Taga karkashin kariya
"Metallmanthaservice"

Tsarin tare da bawuloli ne mai rahusa fiye da tare da kulle mai ƙwanƙwasa, amma ƙasa da abin dogara

Taga karkashin kariya
"Sabbin alloli"

Da ƙirar lamellae mai rufewa: PIN mai kara.

B - z-siffofin lamella;

Kare sash na bututun na rectangular sashe

Taga karkashin kariya
"Rehau Eurasia"

Masu kera na iya yin rufewa mai juyawa don kowane buɗewa. Idan ya cancanta, an yi kowane ƙira biyu na gilashin biyu, haɗa su da madaukai kamar ƙofar - "alamu"

Taga karkashin kariya
Ƙofar ƙofar.

An daidaita shi da zane-zane da zane tare da abubuwan da aka haɗa sunayen

Taga karkashin kariya
Hoto daga D.Minkina

Canvas daga Anandazed aluminum na lalata na lalata. Sananne (Cardan) Drive dogara da sauki don ɗauka

Taga karkashin kariya
"Alutech"

Yin amfani da Matsayin nesa, zaku iya rage ruffofin roller akan duk windows a lokaci guda

Taga karkashin kariya
"Alutech"
Taga karkashin kariya
"Alutech"

Diamita na yi, sabili da haka, girma na giciye-girgizar akwatin kai tsaye ya dogara da tsawon zane (tsayin taga taga)

Taga karkashin kariya
Marubucin aikin A.sibko

Hoto K. Manko.

Akwatin da aka gina yana rage bude haske, amma shi yan tsiraru ne

Taga karkashin kariya
FortEk-Storyervis

Don shigar da akwatin akwatin a bangon, kafin gina ginin gini tare da kwararrun kamfanin da yin canje-canje ga aikin gidan. Canje-iri ba zai iya ba

Taga karkashin kariya
The Onseniyanci.

Gina taga kariya:

Akwatin da aka sanya;

Blank;

v- Polo;

G-taga toshe

Taga karkashin kariya
Katange na katako lokacin da aka kunna wani nadawa ta hanyar kuma amfani da makulli tare da goro
Taga karkashin kariya
Hanyoyi don hawa hawa rufewa da lattices a cikin gine-gine tare da bangon ƙayyadaddun ko tubalin bango (sabon fasahar rufewa):

Ababta, yayin da aka rufe Maɓallin abin da aka makala da firam;

B-nadawa tare da kayan adon bango na waje;

da sauri ga gangara

Masu sana'a hackers, suna hukunta ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru, kada ku damu da kwarewar su, amma a aikace-aikacen suna nema su rage farashin aiki zuwa mafi karancin. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa gidaje suke da windows da ba masu amfani suke dasu ba.

Yi tsammani cewa duk ƙirar kariya zai samar da tasirin tunani game da maharan, masu mallakar ƙasa na ƙasa a farkon benaye na gida na farko suna da ƙima. Lura cewa "ƙwararrun masani" ya isa ya jefa guda kalli samfurin kanta da yadda aka kafa don tantance yiwuwar samun damar zuwa ɗakin. Ee, da kuma sauƙaƙe hooligans na iya gwada tsaronku "haƙoran haƙora". Apack yana shayar da shinge "mai ƙima" ba zai yi aiki ba (tsarin kariya don windows kusan ba zai iya ba da buɗe maɓallan ba. Don haka, ƙarfi (ɓarkewar nauyi) - da farko. Ya dogara da daidai da ingancin samfurin da kuma hanyar shigarwa. Koyaya, ƙarfi ƙarfi, amma har yanzu ba ma son gidanmu da muka fi so don tunatar da kantin sayar da kaya, ma'aikata ko, musamman, ku kurkuku. Zai sani, da buhunan tasirin don shiga cikin tsarin ƙura na ginin, saboda lettores, makafi, da kuma shimfidar ƙarfe, kuma suna jujjuyawar fuska. Kschastina, kasuwar zamani tana ba da zabi mai yawa da kayan aiki.

Tare da taga rufe taga

Windows a Rasha, na d, tsira, da masu rufe katako. An gwada VKURURURDUY SARWLLY, motsawa tare da bangon tare da tsaba da tsaba, shine sifi'an da ba makawa ta taga. Irin wannan windows aka kira wolf. Taɓa gilashin rufewa (riga yana juyawa) ya zama ƙarin kariya daga hunturu da kuma raunin rani lokacin bazara, kuma, ba shakka, daga ɓoye rana. Rufe tare da Plattabes galibi ana yin ado da kayan adon ado.

Rufe na katako da zamanin yau galibi abubuwa ne masu muhimmanci na kayan adon waje na gidan. Akwai manyan nau'ikan rufewa guda uku: bangarori (scred (tare da sanduna daga firam da kuma lamella (lattice) da lamella) da lamella) da lamella) da LATELLA (lattice) da Lattiti (lattice) da Latice) da Lattiice (lattice) da Latide). A lokaci guda, garkuwar garken daga duwatsu masu wuya, ƙarfafa tare da ratsi na karfe da kuma sanye da shi tare da kyakkyawan yaƙin na gidanka.

Duk a waje

Godiya ga mai cinyewa da sauki na kera dabarar zakarun a tsakanin tsarin kariya don windows, ana ɗaukar haske da aka yi da mirgine. The abubuwa domin su suna sanya yafi na sanda da diamita na 10-18mm, tube 12, 14, 16mm da 4mm lokacin farin ciki da square da giciye sashe 1212, 1414, 1616mm. Ana shirya wasu sassa, an walding su tare da taimakon walda na Weld, ƙirƙirar tsarin. Puching pruching yawanci amfani da kusurwa tare da shiryayye girman 20, 30 ko 40mm, amma sau da yawa ana kashe ba tare da shi ba. Ya kamata a haifa a tuna cewa lattices tare da babban (sama da 200m) tsakanin sanduna ko kuma kauri da aka yi daga tsiri kasa da 4mm wasa da rawar kariya a maimakon haka. Don tare da su tare da masu fashin kwamfuta (da kuma '' Artists "suna sarrafa aiki tare da ƙwararrun ƙwai), zai ɗauki lokaci kaɗan. Kwararru suna ba da shawarar amfani da diamita tare da diamita na akalla 16mm ko murabba'i tare da wannan yanayin, a wannan yanayin, a cikin wannan yanayin, a cikin Autogen za su buƙaci kayan aikin wuta ko autogen. Hada haya daban-daban sassan da kuma amfani da juya, mai lankwasa a cikin samfuri, kazalika da qarancin abubuwan da ake bukata, zaka iya ƙirƙirar tsarin bude yanayin.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, masana'antun suna ba da zaɓi na bambance-bambancen lettice tare da "hali na" hali, irin wannan, waɗannan, irin wannan, don ƙirƙirar tsarin alamu. Welded Griles cimp 1-3 dubbai dunles. Don 1M2, gwargwadon sashin giciye na birgima, hadaddun tsarin da hanyar zanen. Abokin ciniki na iya yin canje-canje ga ƙirar samfurin, gabatar da wani haɗin haɗe na daidaitattun sassan, amma farashin zai zama 25-50% mafi girma.

Akwai sauƙin dama masu yawa don ƙirar lettes na samar da taro daga abubuwan hatimi, don samar da wanda ake amfani da latsa Hydraulic. Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne rarrabe irin wannan samfuran daga maye ƙirƙira: sassan sun kasance hadaddun, da kuma gano aikin sarrafa hannu a saman farfajiya tare da babban digiri na aminci. IWA wannan samfuran ba ya yin kamar yadda ke kan salon. Guda iri ɗaya ne abubuwan da aka ƙirƙira abubuwa ne ƙwararru ne sosai don yin magana da ƙarfi: tare da abin da ake kira na carbon na carbon) na ƙarfe carbon) na ƙarfe carbon) na ƙarfe carbon) na ƙarfe carbon) na ƙarfe carbon) na ƙarfe guragu. Hadin gwiwar da ya manta, kamar simintin gona, salo a karkashin tsohuwar, wani lokacin yana yin lettiwes tare da aikin gaske na fasaha, amma a lokaci guda samfurin mai tsada sosai. Farashin na 1m2 da aka yi ta hanyar injin din da ya manta da shi daga 4,000 na rubles, kuma da hannu da aka yi da hannu daga dubun dubjuna. Na 1m2.

Taga karkashin kariya
"Metallmanthaservice"

Hoto 1.

Taga karkashin kariya
"Irbis-sabis"

Hoto 2.

Taga karkashin kariya
"Irbis-sabis"

Hoto 3.

Taga karkashin kariya
"Svarog"

Hoto 4.

Taga karkashin kariya
"Irbis-sabis"

Hoto 5.

Taga karkashin kariya
"Svarog"

Hoto 6.

1. Yau shahara musamman ba lebur, da girma (convex, onvex-concave) lattices, ban da kuma babban sashi na sa, ba su da alaƙa da salon "kurkuku"

2. An yi wa al'adun dunƙulen wuyan wuyan hannu, kamar yadda a cikin tsoffin kwanakin, ta hanyar clamps

3. Faret ɗin yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar kowane abin ado, daga yanayi mai sauƙi na geometric zuwa ga kayan lambu mai rikitarwa, zuƙowa ko m

4. Don bayar da sakamako mai kyau na lattice, wasu daga cikin sassan sassan an fulling a karkashin tagulla

5. Gano Hadisai, an ƙirƙira latti da wasu lokuta ana yin ado da jijiyoyi

Fuskar da aka yi da sanda

Yana da mahimmanci cewa samfurin na dogon lokaci ya yi farin ciki da kamanninku. Aato ya dogara ne da hanyar karewar anti-lalata. Rashancin alkama mai araha na cikin gida zai bauta wa shekaru 1-2, Tikkurila (Finland), Hammerit (Shekarar United. Pintinating - Gudanarwa tare da abun ciki na musamman (launuka na asali: jan ƙarfe, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, mai kare ƙarfe daga lalata shekaru 10. La'anar akan launi na foda ya kai shekaru 20, duk da haka, irin wannan rufin ba shi da arha (ƙari ga kusan dubu 2. Don 1M2).

Dole ne a tuna da shi ta hanyar kafa lattices da ba a buɗe wa duk windows ba, da ke ketare hanyar kare lafiyar wuta (shafi 40 PPB 01-03), karya hanyar ajiyar wuta daga gida ko gida. Don bin ka'idodi, ɗayan grids dole ne a yi lilo. Matsakaicin sash na lattido na zamani na wannan nau'in an yi shi ne da bututun murabba'i ko murabba'i, a wasu yanayi, daga kusurwa, daga kusurwa, daga kusurwa, daga kusurwa, daga kusurwa. Matsalar daga Sash ne ke kwance ta da cirewar Gunner (tsiri na ƙarfe, ya mamaye gungun da ke tsakanin sash na musamman tare da maɓallin keɓaɓɓen na musamman (tashoshin da ke tsaye) kuma ba shi da isasshen sata). Abubuwan ƙarfe na ƙarfe sun yi daga ƙarfe da ƙirƙira - suna samar da kamfanonin "Spring M", "Rosawa", "Rashada", "Svarog", "Delvor" (duka - Russia) idr.

Memo na mutum mai tasowa

1. Lokacin gina gidan ƙasa daga tubalin wayar salula (Gas-silicate, tafki na kankare.) An yanke shawara game da kare windows a gaban ginin bangon. Wannan zai ba ku damar bayar da alamar shafi a cikin seams na kayan ƙarfafa tare da tsawon aƙalla 50mm, wanda aka bata a baya a cikin buɗewa.

2. Idan aikin yana ba da windows arched kuma kuna son kafa rawar gani a kansu, tattauna wannan batun tare da mai zanen kaya kafin fara ginin.

3. Okonny ya toshe mafi kyawun hawa a tsakiyar zurfin bude ko canza su zuwa dakin. Wannan ba kawai zai iya kare gilashi ne kawai daga fomging ba, har ma zai samar da dama wajen kara dage ingantaccen tsarin kariya.

4. Daidaitawa, an sanya tsarin kariya kafin a waje na gida (plastering, ƙambo da ƙamshi, suna rufe shi.).

Kamar yadda yake a zamanin da

Fitar da rufe karfe suna cikin buƙatar a tsakanin masu mallakar gidaje. Akwai nau'ikan juyawa guda biyu: kurma da Lamella. Wata kuma wasu sun ƙunshi akwati (an sau da yawa sau da yawa kiran mai ɗaukar kaya), sanya daga kusurwa mai kusurwa (4020 ko 5030 mm) tare da walled Platt, da Sash.

Rufewa na clocks ne na karfe 1.5-2.2mm lokacin farin ciki, murabba'i ko kusurwa ɗaya (amfani da nau'in fasaha iri ɗaya (a ciki) fasahar ƙarfe na ciki Taurin a cikin Sash A'a; Koyaya, ya zama dole don gano Sash da za a sanye Sash tare da anti-blank fil wanda ke hana hanyar hacking ta zube ko yanke madaukai). Irin waɗannan masu rufewa sun fi dacewa da waɗanda za su "sa" gidansu don hunturu. Gane da gaskiya: duka a bayyane, kuma a cikin rufe matsayin da suke kallon su sosai. Amma a cikin bazara, za a iya cire sashin daga madaukai, da kuma wanda a kanta ba m.

Don lamella rufewa maimakon takarda na karfe, sau da yawa LAMelas (nisa 30mm da 2mm mai kauri) ana amfani da su daga tsiri ko bayanin martaba mai mail. An yi wasu kamfanonin don yin oda masu rufewa tare da Lameellas na karfe 4mm lokacin farin ciki. Lamellas ko Weld zuwa firam na Point (kowannensu an gyara shi ne a cikin maki hudu ko shida), ko saka cikin tsagi a cikin laser a ɗayan bangon bayanin. Zabi na ƙarshe ya fi tsada, amma yana samar da karuwar sata na haske. Kulle masu rufewa ko dai a kan bawul da ƙananan bawuloli, ko a makullin na musamman kama lafiya. Zaɓin matsayi mai amfani sosai, matsayi a buɗe, wanda ba ya ba da iska mai iska don rufe sash. Rufe za'a iya yin shi da tsari iri-iri da kuma sanyi: arbched, zagaye, alamomi, biyu da hudu- da hudu- hudu- da hudu- da kuma hudu-girma. Yawancin kamfanonin na Rasha da ke haɓaka rufewa masu juyawa ("Metallmanthazrice", "New Rulstat", "Felor" Idr), rufe su da foda. Akwai kurciyoyi daga dubbai 3.5. Don 1M2, LAMella yafi tsada - kimanin dubun dububa. Na 1m2.

A kan sabuwar hanya

A cikin birnin mirgine rufe su sune babban madadin zuwa sannu da lattices. Kamar juyawa juyawa, suna ba ku damar cikakken buɗe buɗe. Bugu da kari, mai rufewa suna kama da kullun, ana iya sanye da shi tare da matattarar lantarki (gami da kulawa mai nisa), wayoyin kai tsaye yana amsa canje-canje ga yanayi, ko kuma lokacin shiri na budewa da rufewa. Ka'idar aiwatar da makafi na Murfin Murfin shine: Wall wanda ya ƙunshi maƙasudin Lamellae, nunin faifai a kan jagororin da ke cikin bangarorin buɗewar. Wintering a kan shaft, an cire shi a cikin akwatin, kuma lokacin da sha ya juya a gefe ɗaya, yana saukowa ƙarƙashin aikin nauyinta. An sake haɗa matsayin shafin yanar gizon na ƙasa ko godiya ga ƙirar shaski da akwatin (ƙarin game da na'urar kariya, ga "Ivd" A'a. 9 ga 2002).

Hack juriya na roller makafi ya dogara ne akan kayan Lamellae. Latterarshen an yi shi ne da DUralumin (yi birgima da ƙarewa) ko ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayar ƙarfe (daga galvanized sanyi-birge karfe 0.8-1.2Mmm lokacin farin ciki. An yi cunkoso daga bayanan bayanan alumuransu suna da ribobin ciki, mafi ƙarfi fiye da mirgine cike da kumfa polyurthane kumfa. Wayoyi da aka yi da lamellas mai ƙarfe suna da ƙarfi a kan rata, amma suna da nauyi fiye da aluminium kuma suna buƙatar shigarwa na babbar hanyar lantarki (daga 1.5 dubbai).

Aikin bita a cikin yanayinmu, masu mallakar gidaje da gidaje suna fuskantar irin wannan matsala ta icing tare da motsi na kyauta na zane a cikin jagororin. Umarni yana buƙatar lokacin icing "kayan aiki" zane a waje ko daga ciki kafin hawa. Amma, ka gani, koyaushe lura da harsashin ginin yana da wahala, kuma kafin mantuwa na iya tashi zuwa dinari - saboda shi, motocin motoci masu tsada suna yankewa. Kschastina, yanzu injuna ba tare da ojallar zango ba kusan ba a kawo shi ga kasuwa (kuma duk da haka, lokacin siyan wannan zaɓi don takardun fasaha).

Ana samar da rufe kayan juyi daga shigo da shigo da kayayyaki - da yawa masana'antu: "Radial", "Rasha", "Radial". Farashin 1M2 mai rufewa tare da slays daga cikin bayanin martaba na Aluman 55mm (wanda aka bayyana da masana'antun lokaci, 5-15min) - daga dubbai 1.5. Daga bayanan martaba na aluminum (juriya na lokaci, 15-30min) - daga dubbai dubu 2.8; Daga bayanan martaba na karfe (juriya na lokaci - 30min) - daga dubbai 2.6.

Roller rufe don Mansard

Taga karkashin kariya
Veluffirm-masana'antun Mansard Windows - Velux (Denmark), Fakro (Poland), ana fitar da su ne da kariya daga gargajiya. Jagororin waje na Windows Rotary sun ƙunshi sassa biyu: saman an haɗe zuwa albashin, ƙananan, wanda zai ba ku damar buɗe taga har ma da opted yanar gizo. Bugu da kari, na'urar inji ta tanada "tilasta" rageanin zane ta amfani da wani bazara. Lamellae ya fi son yin saƙo na aluminium daga kumfa na polyurethane ko bayanan martaba masu kauri tare da lokacin farin ciki polymer shafi cewa muffles blolymes cewa muffles polymer shafi cewa muffles blater. Cire tsarin (Romawa, Jamus) Lamella suna iya juyawa a kusa da gates, buɗe samun dama ga haske. Roller rufe rufe na karshe sun dace sosai, amma iyawarsu na yin tsayayya da ƙarancin raguwa.

Kudin kariya don titin attic yana da kama da farashin taga da kanta. Misali, taga farashin mai shine 11878mm (gami da farashin albashin) - 9900 rub., Da kuma moye makafi don shi- 10100 rub.

Recipe na nasara

Har yanzu muna jaddada cewa rashin jituwa, "ingantaccen tushe zai iya rage ƙarfin hali ko da mafi yawan ƙirar kariya. Yanke shawarar kare windows ya kamata a dauki shi da wuri-wuri.

Hanyar hawa lettos da masu juyawa ya dogara da zurfin gangara da kayan bango. Idan zurfin gangara ya fi 100mm, kuma an gina bango daga bulo, kankare ko itace, gambura (ko akwatin) tare da diamita da diamita of 12 mm da tsawon 150 mm ko (idan bango na katako) na katako) yayyana diamita na akalla 8mm da tsawon 100mm. Matakan nodes kada ya wuce 500mm. An kuma yarda don kafa ƙirar kariya ta nada da ƙarfafa hanyoyin da aka jera ta hanyar nada "kunnuwa da aka sanya shi zuwa firam.

Idan an sanya taga a cikin gidan ku, an saita taga tare da jirgin sama na bango (babu wani babban sata daga cikin ƙirar yana da matukar rikitarwa: ana iya gyara babban abin da ya fi rikitarwa tare da nisan da kuma Mafi sauri ya zira a cikin bango zai iya yin tsayayya da matsi. Idan bango tubali ne ko kuma hanya guda kawai don ƙara amincin kariya shine ɓoye firam a ƙarƙashin bango, ba tare da barin sassan da ke ƙasa ba wanda za'a iya sa shi.

Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda uku don shigar da makafi: mai ninka, tare da shigar da akwatin a cikin buɗewa a cikin bango. Na farko shine mafi yawan gama gari, kamar yana da sauki a aiwatar a gidaje inda aka kammala ayyukan facade. Koyaya, a cikin gari, daidaita shigarwa na akwatunan nesa yana da wahala sosai, kuma facade gidan gida suna iya yin ado nesa da koyaushe. Bugu da kari, da Burgyen Resuredan Tsarin Sama yana da matukar mahimmanci, saboda akwai sauki ga jagororin (ana iya kashe su daga bango ta amfani da mafi sauki kayan aiki).

Hanya ta biyu tana ba da damar wani ɓangare ko dai ta nutsar da akwatin a cikin buɗewar kuma ta zama sananne mafi girma da ke cikin gangara, don ƙarfafa jagororin juriya, da hakan zai hana shafin yanar gizon , wanda ya taka rawa na sararin samaniya). Koyaya, akwatin ya rufe saman taga, kuma duk da cewa wani lokacin zai yiwu don yin ado da ita a waje, daga ciki har yanzu zai kasance a bayyane, sai dai idan ya cika da taga. Amma irin wannan tsarin, suna da windows kariya, ana bayar da shi, Schco, sksstakusit kamfanoni (duk Jamus) Idn. Su ne taga filastik ta amfani da bayanin martaba na haɗawa tare da akwatin warmed da ke saman ta (kuma daga PVC). A wannan yanayin, hanyar shigarwa yana da sauƙin karkatar a gaban bango duka a waje da kuma daga ciki. Don gidajen birane, irin waɗannan tagogi tare da kariya, watakila, sun fi dacewa. Amma farashinsu, daidai yake da jimlar farashin taga kuma mirgine rufe shi (wato, farashin taga yana ƙaruwa sau ɗaya sau 2).

Hanyoyi na uku wanda aka tsara shi a bangon a kan buɗewar, mafi kyau duka daga matsayin samar da ɓarke ​​da kuma fitowar ra'ayi. Alas, ba a samuwa ga masu biranen birane ba.

Kudin shigarwa ya dogara da kayan bangon da ƙasa, amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 20% na farashin samfurin ba. Wannan ya shafi kowane tsarin binciken.

Fasali na manyan nau'ikan kariya na kariya don windows

Kaddarorin An ƙirƙira latti Nazarin Karfe Karfe Keakin Keaf Tsaya karfe karfe allock Roller rufe
Kariyar gilashi daga tasirin waje - +. +. +.
Transluactiity a cikin rufaffiyar matsayi +. - +. -
Da yiwuwar samun iska mai zurfi +. - +. -
Da yiwuwar magudi na da sash (ko yanar gizo) tare da rufe taga - - - +.
Komawa lokaci Hacking * sama da minti 30 +. +. +. -
* - A cikin lettiwes da juyawa rufe wannan siga ya dogara da ingancin masana'antu

Editocin suna godiya da kamfanin "Sabbin masu rufewa", "Svarog", "Fortetc--Stroservice", Velux, Kowa don Taimako a cikin shirya kayan.

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