Green man shafawa da lambuna na tarihi: takardar shaidar na tarihi, fasali, ruwa da tsarin dumama, kayan aiki.
A cikin irin waɗannan greenhouses, dultiary dultial, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya amfani
A gaban samar da wutar lantarki, tukunyar zamani kusan kusan
Ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe-girma a cikin tsarin dumama don jigilar jigilar zafi
Don hawan iska a cikin lambunan noma, ana amfani da taron ruwa zuwa 700mm sama. An sanya su cikin glazing, kusa da kewaye na greenhouse
Farmuti mai zafi, "Zabi" zafi daga tsarin dumama don greenhouse
Kai tsaye Hawan Heater Master BV460 akan Diesel
Mai launin lantarki na lantarki ("Gun Tufafi")
An sanya layuka a cikin greathouses tare da tsarin dumama na ruwa dangane da bututu ko masu tattara kayan ƙasa
Hoto O.'alonina
Orridry tare da Haske
A cikin iska-mai hita na kai tsaye, ana cire samfuran mai zuwa titi ta hanyar bututun hayaki
Ga duk shekara zagaye, ba a raba shi da a lokacin rani ba, ya isa ya gina kusurwar ƙasar kusa da kansa gidan, a matsayin furanni masu ban mamaki girma.
Daga tarihin tambayar
A Orange orange, orange, orange, orange, orange, ba haɗari. Matsakaicin sarakunan Faransa, musamman a kwanakin sarakunan Faransa, da aka yi amfani da su don tsarma tsofaffin tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, da farko ta tsallake ta hanyar ferus. Gilashin gilashin da aka gina na gilashin da aka gina a cikin gonar Botanten (Holland) a cikin hanyoyin XVII, a cikinsu yana kiyaye katako na XVII, kuma a Chelbon Carbon, kuma a Chelsea Carbon, kuma a Chelsea Carbon, kuma a Chelsea Carbon, kuma a Chelsea Carbon, tare da Chelsea Carbon, kuma a Chelsea Carbon, kuma a Chelsea Carbon, a cikin Chelsea na Harbon, kuma a Chelsea Carbon, a cikin Chelsea Carbon, a cikin Chelsea 1685 A karo na farko, karkashin kasa a karkashin ƙasa da ake amfani dashi.
Ginin henenzes mai zafi shima yana da dogon tarihi. Alamar da ke cike da katako "ta fara bayyana a ƙarshen karni na XVII a cikin ɓarkewar gidajen Aljannar Moscwin. A lokaci guda a cikin akwatin jirgin, kusa da Moscow na Yarima M.A. Cherkassky, akwai greenhoes guda biyu don shuke-shuke na ƙasashe (peach, maras kyau, Laurel IDr). Da farko XVIIIV. Peter na dage wani greenhouse a cikin lambu na rani da lambun magunguna na St. Petersburg.
Daga baya, man gas, da aka yi niyyar haɓaka 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa a cikin hunturu (abarba, inabi na masu kawowa da fadar da suka shiga tsakani. Sau da yawa sun haɗu da ayyukan "hanyoyin jinsi a ƙarƙashin gilashin", galleries da rawa, da aka yi wa ado da zane-zane da zane-zane, kamar, alal misali, a cikin manor na Kuskovo kusa da Moscow. Takaddun yawa na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin gidajen duniya a cikin gidajen Moscow (rabin biyu na XVIIIV) da ƙidaya a cikin yankin Morazumovsky a cikin yankin MOSCOW don zama mashahuri sosai a cikin zamani.
Bayan Oktoba 1917. A cikin Rasha, mai zafi kore a cikin gidajen, da kuma yiwuwar mallakar irin wannan dukiya, a hankali ya ɓace. Kadan da suka gabata ne kawai, lokacin da mutane suka fara samun gidaje na bazara, akwai sha'awar fasahar rufe kayan lambu da farko suna cikin buƙata. Gina manyan man shafawa mai cike da mai zafi da lambuna na hunturu kusa da gidajen ƙasa kawai a yau.
Tsarin lambu na hunturu:
2- bututun filastik-filastik na filayen dumama da kuma dumama ƙasa;
3- Majalisar majalisa mai tara
Don Tarurrukan Hadisai!
A cikin wallafe-wallafen na musamman a kan tattalin arzikin greenhouse, fitar da sanyi greenhouses, a cikin abin da ake kiyaye mafi ƙarancin zafin rana a cikin hunturu: kusan 1-8C. Koyaya, ma'anar kalmar "Grehouse" a rayuwar yau da kullun ita ce mafi girma: wannan daki ne don girma da haifuwa na tsire-tsire waɗanda ba sa ɗaukar yanayin tsire-tsire waɗanda ba sa ɗaukar yanayin shuke-shuke da wannan yanki a waje. Saboda haka, ana kiran onesunes sau da yawa (gami da wurare masu ganye) Greenhouses masu zafi tare da zazzabi a cikin hunturu har zuwa 25-30c. Musamman-Tyue-nau'in greenhouses, a cikin abin da tsire-tsire ke tallafawa rawar da ake tallafawa, a zahiri, yanayin rayuwa don tafiya, ana maganar hutu a cikin hunturu, ana magana ne da lambuna na hunturu. Jaket ɗin na iya zama wuraren shakatawa don ruwa da tsire-tsire na gabaɗaya tare da ruwan sabo da ruwan teku.
Greenhouses na zamani yawanci sun ƙunshi firam (an yi shi, alal misali, daga "aluminum mai zafi" tare da glazing. Zaɓin nau'ikan nau'ikan sheet guda don gilashin da aka yi amfani da windows mai ƙyalli sau biyu, salon salula ne ko gilashin acrylic. Tun lokacin da tsananin haske ke shafar hotunan tsire-tsire, ya fi kyau cewa dukkan saman greenhouse ne bayyananne (wannan zai ba ka damar samun hasken rana kamar yadda zai yiwu). Wani lokaci akwai wani rufin haske kawai. Cikin soyayya, ya zama dole a samar da tsarin hasken wucin gadi. Mafi sau da yawa, "Lambun Glazed" zuwa gidan, saboda haka zaku iya shiga cikin su ta ƙofar ko kuma a cikin ɗakin buɗe ido, ko sanya shi a wani nesa daga ginin. Tsarin injiniya na mako-mako (mafi mahimmancin tsarin dumama a tsakaninsu) A cikin lemu da ake buƙata ana tallafawa yanayin yanayin zafi, zafi na shi.D.
Ka kasance da greenhouse na mai zafi, koda ba da yawa ba, yawanci mafarkin kowane ɗayan waɗanda ke kiwo tsirrai da furanni masu ado. Bayan haka, zaku iya karya gonar na zagaye na shekara, kuma aiki a ciki zai kawo jin daɗi na gaske. Jin daɗin greenhouse wani lokacin ya zama tushen kayan lambu da tsabtace muhalli da 'ya'yan itatuwa don nata.
Ainihin lambun hunturu yana da tasiri mai amfani ga rayuwar mutum, a cikin yanayin fatarsa (tare da dangin zafi na 50-60%). Kuna da hakkin amfani da greenhouse (kamar yadda al'ada ce a cikin juzu'in juzu'i) azaman zauren don karɓar baƙi da ke waje da babban ginin. A cikin hunturu, a cikin bazara da kaka akwai karin festive tebur da hira tare da abokai.
Heat "Cotage-Greenhouse":
2 - ƙasa;
3-kankare tashar;
4- Rerumazite;
5- rufin zafi;
6- bututun
A kan coad
Gina Greenhouse mai tsayayyen aiki ne mai rikitarwa, maganin wanda zai buƙaci albarkatun ƙasa da kayan duniya daga mai samarwa. Mafi kyawun lokaci da lokacin cinyewa shine matakin zabar tsarin dumama.
Don kimanta yawan abubuwan da ke cikin greenhouse (farashin yana mai zafi), ya zama dole a aiwatar da mafi sauƙi lissafi. Don yin wannan, ƙayyade yankin glazing da zazzabi zama dole don abubuwan da ake ciki. Misali, leavings daga mai zafi da kayan lambu na ban mamaki suna buƙatar zafi duk shekara. Yawancinsu suna da kwanciyar hankali a 18-21. Hakanan wajibi ne don sanin katin datsa yanayin zafin jiki a yankin da lambun na lambun yake (a cikin ungulu). Mafi kyawun yanayin yanayin zafi na kayan daga abin da greenhouse ake yi yana da sauƙin bayyana a cikin littafin tunani. Don gilashin biyu, yana iya zama 2.98 kcal / (M2 na gaggawa).
Tsarin buƙatar zafi shine: yanki mai glazing yana haɓaka ta bambancin zazzabi da bambancin yanayin zafi da kuma ƙimar ƙirar da ke sarrafawa. An auna shi a cikin kiloCACALIES AT HAYU (KCAL / H).
Yi la'akari da misali lokacin da yankin mai glazing shine 140m2 (m glazing a greenhouse tare da girman 66m), bambancin zafin jiki 498, da kuma saurin canja wuri shine 2.98. Lissafta: 140m249с2.98 kcal / (M2cc) = 20443Kkal / h (zagaye). Tunanin yawancin lokuta ana ba da ikon kayan girka a Watts da kilowatts, an fassara ƙimar da aka samu zuwa Watts: 1w = 0.86kkal / h. Don haka, 204430.86 = 17581W (kusan 17.6 kW). Inomes'lays, la'akari da asarar zafi tare da iska mai cirewa, ta ƙasa ta I. Tabbas, zafi ba zai yi aiki ba da cikakken ƙarfi na tsawon shekaru shida-bakwai na lokacin zafi, amma dole ne a lissafta kayan aiki akan wannan ikon saboda tsire-tsire ba sa frozee a ɗayan kwanakin sanyi.
A zahiri, kayan shafa na kayan shayar da greathouse yawanci ya haɗa da tsarin hawan iska, kazalika da ƙasa da furanni tare da furanni (idan an bayar da su a cikin gina greenhouse). Mafi yawan duka, ruwa da iska mai tsinkayen shigarwa sun dace da wannan.
Schematic Duaukar Tsarin Zafar Greathouse:
Na farko: Tanadi na dumama kasar;
2- bawul na hadawa;
3-dumama na'urori;
4- A cikin gida na gonarorat;
5- Farfesa mai zafi;
Yawan tsararraki tsakanin gida da greenhouse;
7 - famfo;
8- fadada tanki;
9- naúr kai naúrar
Ruwa, ruwa
Tsarin dumama na ruwa na tumatir yana amfani da kusan ko'ina. Yana bayar da mafi yawan rarraba zafi, wanda shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire.
Ana amfani da tsarin mai gabatarwa azaman shinge (dangane da yawan zafin jiki na sanyaya), filastik ko ƙwayayen bututu tare da kariya ta anti-lalata). An sanya su a cikin babba gefen greenhouse - a ƙarƙashin shafi, gutters da masara; A cikin yanki na tsakiya, bangon waje, a jikin firam na ciki racks, marmari na firam ko ƙananan belts na gonaki da kuma ƙananan belts na tsire-tsire; A cikin ƙananan yanki, a ƙasa tsakanin layuka na tsirrai na waje, tare da zane na waje a cikin zurfin ƙasa 0.4, m daga ƙirar ƙira na ƙasa zuwa saman bututun mai dumama. Aƙalla kashi 40% na yawan zafin rana, gami da tsinkayar ƙasa, ana amfani da ƙarfin 1m daga ƙasa surface. Rufe da daidaita kayan aiki yana ba da ƙarin haɗowa (rufewa) da kuma umarnin canja wurin zafi na haɓaka na'urori da ke cikin yankuna daban-daban.
Don gidajen lambuna, inda aka girma da tsire-tsire a cikin tallace-tallace, maimakon bututu na amfani da wasu nau'ikan shinge na'urorin, kamar waɗanda suka halarci. An sanya su a cikin ƙananan yanki na greenhouse, a kan bracks ta hanyar gyara a kan tushe domin su samar da 'hanya mai sauƙi waƙa "tare da kewaye dakin.
A kasar gona a cikin lemu ne mafi yawan zafi ta amfani da bututun ƙarfe-filastik. Mataki yana sanya bututun da aka ƙaddara shi da lissafi, amma darajar ta ne aƙalla 20-30 cm. Ana layo bututun a kan wani Layer na magudanar ruwa mai rufi (yashi ko slag) tare da kauri akasarin 30 cm, bayan da aka zuba kaurin 40-50cm.
A coolant don tsarin dumama na greathouses za a iya mai tsanani ta amfani da tukunyar zamani da ke aiki akan man dizal, propane, wutar lantarki ko ma mashin mai. A ƙarshe, dole ne a samar da wani ajiya don mai da kuma ciyar da lokaci don kula da mai mai mai mai. Areara mai ɗaukar makamashi don "Greerihouse" Boiler "ya fi riba don amfani da iskar gas. Idan ba a samar da dumama na greenhouse a cikin ƙirar gidan gidan ba, da zafin rana mai ɗaukar hoto dole ne a maye gurbinsa da sabon, mafi ƙarfi. Haɗa tsarin dumama na greathouses (bututu ko taron taron da kayan aiki don dumama ƙasa) zuwa dumama na ginin ta hanyar karin magana mai zafi. Yana ba ku damar ware gidanku da greathouse dumɓu daga juna kuma a sauƙaƙe ikon dumama.
A zazzabi na mai sanyaya a cikin rassan kayan dumɓu na iya zama kusan 60-80s, kuma a reshen dumama na ƙasa - har zuwa 40c (don kada ku cika tushen tushen). M Pretor tsakanin Greenhouse da gida (biyu infulthane kumfa camel plastic bututun mai) an dage farawa a cikin tashar ruwa mai hana ruwa, wanda a zurfin kusan 1.5 m. Don kewaya da coolant (propylelene glycol) a cikin tsarin dumama, ana amfani da famfo, kuma don rama to fadada yanayin zafi - tanki mai fadada. Tsawon babban dumama kada ya wuce 10-15m, in ba haka ba zafin zafi zai zama babba.
Airƙiri tsarin dumama na ruwa don greathouses na iya zama daga abubuwan haɗin daban-daban. Farashin gas na gas tare da damar 15 zuwa 90 kW sune $ 550-6800. Mafi tsada da manyan masu inganci suna samar da Viassmann, buerusus, Vaillant (Jamus), Heietrich (Faransa). Makarantar tsakiya da matsakaici ta sayar da Roca (Spain) masu boilers, protherm (slovakia), ACV (Belgium) IDR. Burner a cikin tukunyar jirgi (idan ba a kawo shi a cikin kit ɗin) zai kashe wani $ 400-1500.
Fitowa wanda ya cancanci $ 60-700, samar da motsi na mai sanyaya a cikin tsarin, tare da iya ƙarfin 3-75m3 / H don samar da kasuwar kasuwa ta Rasha, Vilo (Jamus), Dab (Italiya), Dab (Italiya) Tankunan haɓakawa mai inganci ya zama dole don rama ga kari na mawallen lokacin aiki yayin aikin tsarin dumama yana samar da Reflex (Jamus). Hatuttukan da aka tsara-da aka tsara shi ne ta hanyar Dumbos (Denmarks), Herz (Austria), kamfanonin Italiyanci nesa da Gamaciyini. Kudin kit ɗin an ƙaddara shi, gwargwadon lissafin $ 4 don yanki mai mai mai zafi na greenhouse.
Wajibi ne a kula da matsalar sarrafa zazzabi a cikin greenhouse (a tsayi daban-daban na dakin), zai daidaita aikin yadudduka da tsarin iska. Samun atomatik yana tsunduma cikin biyu daga cikin gida da kamfanoni nesa da samar da kwalba. Tsarin tare da mafi sauƙin sarrafa zazzabi zai kashe $ 75-170. Matsakaicin wahala daga $ 300 zuwa 1000. Kuma "compraffit mai shirye-shirye mai zurfi tare da yiwuwar mai nisa na iya yi kuma a $ 3500-4000.
Zazzabi an kawo wa greenhouses kuma ana rarraba su ta bututun. Farashin kantin sayar da karfe na Rasha shine $ 5 na 2pog. M. bututun tare da diamita na 75mm. Bututun ƙarfe-polymer daga Henko (Belgium), Metzerplasst (Isra'ila), unicor (Jamus) zai kashe $ 0.5-1.5 don 1 a cikin diamita na 16mm. Kudin taron da ke cikin gida sanye da karfe mai zafi mai haske tare da giyan karfe kusan $ 30-50 don 1 kilomita na na'urar. Suna samar da su, alal misali, Kzto, "Santechprom", "iserm" (Russia). Kada ka manta game da sanyaya. Rashin ingantaccen ruwa mai guba na Glycol na tushen ruwa game da $ 1-2 da 1 lita; A lokaci guda, zai ɗauki kimanin lita 200 akan tsarin dumama tare da rajistar dumama don greenhouse tare da yanki na 30m2.
Hada "Ruwa-iska mai duhun ruwa na greathouse:
2- Fan CIL;
3- Kwanta na dumama na kasar gona
Dumi numfashi
A cikin greenhouse kuma za a iya amfani da dumama iska. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi a hade da ruwa (wanda ya kunshi bututun bututun bututu mai haɗe da tsarin janareta da tsarin ƙasa na kasar gona). Irin wannan hade shi ne samar da gidajen katako a cikin yankunan da zazzabi na waje na mafi sanyi na yau -20c da ƙasa. A wasanwar iska a hade tsarin dumama yana daidai da matsakaita na 35-40% na yawan zafin zafin don hunturu. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna tare da sauyin yanayi mai laushi, ana iya amfani da iska na iska a matsayin babban ko kuma a cikin Tandem tare da tsarin dumama.
Laifi na kayan iska ya hada da babban aiki da low mentia: na 350 minti na iska zai iya tashe zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse da 15-20s. Wannan yana ba ku damar zafi da ƙiren greenhouse yadda koda tare da bude takardu. A iska mai dumi yana haifar da motsi da ya wajaba da dumamar da greenhouse baki. Wajibi ne ga kayan girkin iska yawanci mai rahusa fiye da sauran tsarin madadin.
Air Hanking na Greenhouse (lokacin da iska ke mai da shi a wuri guda, bayan wanda a ko'ina aka rarraba a kan dakin tare da taimakon dumamar iska ko kuma ruwa. Yana haɗi zuwa babban bututun gas ko kwandon tare da mai amarya mai haske; Don cire samfuran konewa a waje da greenhouse yana amfani da bututun hayaki. Zuba cikin kanta cika iska iska da dumama shi zuwa zazzabi kusan 40s, iska mai dauke da kwarara a cikin takin iska ducts daga galsan greenhouse, a wasu nesa daga bangon , a tsawan kimanin 2.5m. Don tabbatar da cewa busa ƙura, zazzabi uni ɗin, da kuma kyakkyawan motsi na talses, ana saka griles ɗin iska a cikin ramuka na iska a cikin ducks.
An shigar da dumama iska ba tare da ducts na iska ba. A saboda wannan, za su buƙaci masu heaters fan - Farkals sun kasance tare da wani masanin ƙira mai ƙima ko kuma Calorifer ruwa. Irin waɗannan Na'urorin suna ba da inganci da sauri dumama na greenhouse, ciki har da tare da kullun buɗe fomuggs.
Baya ga tsarin dumama na iska, zaku iya ba da tsarin mai dumɓun lantarki wanda ya dogara da kebul na ƙasa mai tsayayya guda ɗaya ko biyu. Mai saurin gangarancin bai wuce 15W / m, don kada ya cika tushen tushen tsirrai. Mafi kyawun zazzabi na kasar gona shine 15-25 ° C domin daban-daban al'adu da kusan 30s- don tukwane na peat da gadaje tare da seedlings.
Idan kebul an dage farawa kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, yana da kyawawa don amfani da rufin zafi daga cikin kayan da ba ya sha ɗan danshi ko kuma polyethylene). Daga sama, an rufe murfin zafi tare da fim ɗin polyethylene wanda ke taka rawar da ke hana ruwa. An zuba cikin yashi tare da kauri kamar 10 cm, wanda ke da kebul yana kwance (tsayin yashi a kan kebul din ba kasa da 5 cm). A tari na sanya cable- kamar 15 cm. A saman Layer na yashi yada sarkar yada grid don kare USB daga lalacewar felu ko wani kayan lambu. Sannan a zuba ƙasa mai kyau tare da kauri akalla 20-25 cm.
Lokacin shigar da kebul a cikin kankare, da yuwuwar lalacewar ta ta hanyar sarrafa ƙasa daban-daban ana rage. Matsakaicin Canja wurin zafi yana ƙaruwa saboda yawan yawa da kuma daidaito na maƙarƙashiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa.
Ga tashar iska mai dumama, dole ne ku sayi mai bugun cikin iska wanda ya dace don amfani a cikin gidajen katako, (Russia), ta Rasha), Amurka), Amurka), Amurka). 32KW Module na Jirgin Sama yana kan matsakaicin $ 1500-3200. Libt Duct Lotout (Crash) - $ 20-25 a cikin kudi na 1m2 da aka mai zafi. Kyakkyawan fan kofin tare da masu samar da ruwa Jaga (Belgium); Kyakkyawan kayan aiki yana kawo ta VTS CIMA (Poland), "Moven", "Weeza" (Dussia). Kudin "Fan Coil" tsarin dumama shine matsakaita na $ 130-500 a kowace kilo 1 na wutar lantarki. Kamfanin dake na dumama a kan na biyu da kebul na USB da dama na kamfanoni, gami da Cailhian (Spain), da Swanna (Yaren Turai), da kuma Ensto " da "Eltech Eltech". Kudin kebul na kebul na hauhawar ƙasa Turykey shine $ 10-25 a 1m2 mai zafi orange ko lambun hunturu.