Tura na farko na tsarkakewa na ruwa na farko: fasali shigarwa na'urori, nau'ikan da ƙayyadaddun na'urori, masana'antun.
Kamar yadda ka sani, ruwa ya ƙunshi yawancin nau'ikan ƙazanta. Yana da mahimmanci, ko yana game da ruwa zuwa daga tsarin jiyya na ruwa na ruwa ko daga kayan fasahar Artesian. Yvesara girma da kuma a wani hali, akwai baki daya na gurbata, kawo ba lafiyarmu kawai, har ma da kayan gida mai matukar damuwa. Saboda haka, ba tare da tatar da firam na farko ba (santsi) ba zai iya yi ba.
A cewar masana, matsalar tsarkakewa tana zuwa cikin samar da ruwan mu na gida, zuwa yau, ta tsananta wa iyaka. Tabbas, ruwa yana faruwa ne a kan ruwa mai ruwa na birni mafi girman magani, amma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun muna fuskantar sakamakon "kamuwa da kai na sakandare". Bayan duk, bututun sadarwa a yawancin lokuta sun daɗe da gaɓar kayan da suke yi, kuma, ci gaba da tsatsa, datti da sauran mawuyacin hali. Irin wannan ruwan bai dace da shan ruwa ba kuma yana ƙara kulawa da gona, kayan aikin gida sun karye, masu alaƙa da duhu duhu suna bayyana akan plumbing mai tsada, waɗanda aka lalata da wahala. Yana sane da tsarin tsarkake ruwa a yau a ma'anar kalmar yana da mahimmanci. Baya ga kayan, zamuyi magana game da m trust wadanda aka sanya a ƙofar gidan yanar gizon da ke cikin kowane tsarin samar da ruwa, ba tare da la'akari da tushen da aka yi amfani da shi da ingancin ruwa ba.
Ta yaya kuma inda zaka iya yin bincike na ruwa
Kafin ka ba da kuɗi mai kyau don ɓangaren babban ɓangare na zamani, yana da kyau a yanke nazarin abubuwan da ya dace da ƙazantar ruwa, kuma waɗanne abubuwa ne keɓance can a cikin al'ada kewayon. Daga wannan zai dogara, ko za ku iyakance ga tsarkakewar ruwa na inji kawai.Wataƙila kwalba ko kwalba (zai fi kyau a ɗauki kwalba daga ruwan sha tare da ƙarancin ma'adinai) 1,5-2L ruwa ya zama ƙira don bincike. Ikklescin da murfi daga gare shi dole ne a nada shi sosai da ruwan da zaku sha wahala ga binciken (kuma a cikin wani hali ba amfani da abin wanka ba!). Kafin kayan haɗi, ana bada shawara don magudana ruwa daga tsarin (kamar na minti 10) domin cire ruwa mai tsauri daga bututun. Cika kwalbar, ya zama dole a rufe shi da ƙarfi kuma a nan gaba mai zuwa (ba a taɓa zuwa ga gundumar Vodokanal ko ɗaya daga cikin dakunan bincike na waje ba. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa lokacin da aka tsara samfurori daga cikin birni ko cibiyoyin sadarwa, abun da ke ciki na iya bambanta a cikin rana saboda rashin amfani da ruwa.
Don irin wannan bincike, dangane da hadaddun sa, dole ne ku biya daga 500 zuwa 3500 rubles. Yanzu, da sanin, kamar yadda suke faɗi, za a iya bincika abokan gaba a fuskar da aka zaɓi na tsarin tace tace mai dacewa. Don ƙayyade abun da ke ciki da aikin shuka na ruwa, ya zama dole don yin la'akari da kayan aikin gida mai zuwa, akwai buƙatu na musamman don ingancin ruwa da ake amfani da shi; Lokaci ko kullum a cikin gidan mutane suna rayuwa; Menene matsakaita da ganiya na ruwa na cinye kullun.
Sanya matattara
An hau tarkar da aka sanya a kan shigar da bututun zuwa gida ko gida. Don yin wannan, an yanke yanki a cikin bututu wanda ke ciyar da ruwa, kuma an sanya matatar a madadinta. Kafin shi zai iya zama countsearfin amfani. Shiga cikin Gidaje a cikin gine-ginen hauhawar hawa sune masu tashi, a ɓoye yawanci a cikin majalisun na fasaha a cikin bayan gida ko ɗakin wanka (dukda cewa suna cikin dafa abinci). Idan wanka daya ne kawai sanye take da wani mazaunin, sabili da haka akwai wasu abubuwa biyu (zafi da sanyi), ana buƙatar masu tace biyu don ruwan sanyi. Koyaya, a cikin wasu gidaje da wuraren shirya tsara zamani, aƙalla biyu nau'i-nau'i na rarraba tashin hankali, a cikin wane yanayi masu tace zasu buƙaci ƙari - kowanne Roser a kan tace. Domin a cire shi da tsabtace na'urar, kazalika da ya cancanta, canza abubuwa, yana da mahimmanci a hanzarta hawa na'urar babils. A bu mai kyau a sanya su kafin matatar da bayan ta.
Lokacin da aka shigar da na'urar, ruwa ke shigowa gidan yana wucewa ta hanyar tangta. A karshen mafi yawan lokuta yana wakiltar kowane alama ko kayan salula, wanda ke jinkirta kayan injina na wani girma. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa diamita na bututu a cikin gidaje daban. Sabili da haka, kafin sayan matatar, kuna buƙatar auna diamita na bututun mai shigowa a cikin gidan ku. Wanda ya kera tsarin aikin ruwa yawanci akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don haɗawa (mafi yawan abubuwan yau da kullun 1/2 3/4, amma 1-2-inch da ƙari kuma sun samo). Idan har yanzu ba a kuskure a girma, kada ku kuskure. Kuna iya magance matsalar ta hanyar siyan adaftar na musamman na diamita da ake so.
Kafin ka zabi matattara, kana buƙatar gano wani sashi na bututun mai - a kwance ko a tsaye. Lura, ba duk masana'antun suna da irin waɗannan samfura waɗanda suka dace da shi ba don shigarwa na tsaye da a kwance. Amma don aiwatar da shigarwa da kansa, bai kamata ya zama dole ba. Amma '' masoyi "ƙwararrun don kira ko ba lallai ba ne aikin gaba ɗaya a kan kafada da kuma zage-kankare. Musamman ma tun daga kamfanin da zaka sami kayan aikin dole ne ya samar maka da cikakken umarni, inda aka bayyana shi menene, ta yaya ake shigar da shi.
An saka kashi na tace cikin gidaje, sau da yawa yana kama da Flask. Zabi na'urar, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa masu tace su don ruwan sanyi da ruwan sanyi suna da kyawawan yanayi daga juna. Bayan haka, suna "aiki" suna a yanayin zafi daban-daban, wanda ke nufin an yi su daga kayan daban-daban. Don haka, ga flasks a cikin ruwan sanyi ya dace da kayan polymer. Motar tace ruwan zafi dole ne ta sami karfi sosai, don haka suna sanya su daga tagulla, Brass, ko karfafa nalan. Na'urar wacce aka tsara ta don ruwan sanyi, a cikin karar da ba za a iya shigar da shi a kan Riser mai zafi ba. Amma matattarar ruwan ruwan zafi ma sun dace da sanyi, amma mafi hanyoyi.
A yau, masana'antun suna ba da irin waɗannan nau'ikan tsarkakewa na ruwa, kamar raga, katako (ko cartridge) da laka.
Ivan Kotenhev, Rushelimat Timanta Injiniya:
"Lokacin zabar kamfani don bincike mai amfani na kimiyyar lissafi, ya fi kyau a ba da fifiko ga dakunan bincike masu zaman gaba tare da lasisin da ya dace. Yawancin lokaci suna sanye da kayan aiki masu ci gaba, suna da kwarewa sosai kuma suna nuna cikakkiyar sakamakon da aka samu. Bugu da kari, kafin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, zai zama mai dacewa don samun shawarwari na musamman, wanda zai nuna mafi kyawun nau'in bincike don tantance ingancin ruwa. A cikin manyan hanyoyi, ya dogara da tushen da kuma dalilin tsarin samar da ruwa, da kuma akan bukatun masana'antar da kake amfani da kayan aikin gida da kake amfani da kayan aikin gida. "
MISH MESTER
Na'urar ta kasance gilashin ƙarfe da aka sanya a cikin batun hermetic. Girman kwayoyin min sel yana canzawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, daga 8 zuwa 600 microns kuma yana haifar da tace tace. Ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan samfuran na dogon lokaci, amma ana buƙatar cire su lokaci-lokaci kuma ana shayar, wanda, kun gani, wani zai ga wani aiki ne mai wahala. Tsaftacewa Grid Grid ɗin ana aiwatar da ita ta hanyar ƙirar na'urori a cikin hanyar ta. Don haka, a cikin mafi sauƙi gyare-gyare, an cire ƙwayar raga daga gidaje (wanda ya zama dole a rushe grid a cikin bututun abinci na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, to, da hannu tsaftace shi kuma a hannu a karkashin ruwa. Dukkanin tsarin yawanci yana ɗaukar daga 'yan mintoci kaɗan zuwa rabin sa'a, idan, ba shakka, kuna da kayan aikin da suka dace a hannu (alal misali, ƙwarewar da ya dace).Idan an sanya masu tace a kan bututun guda biyu (zafi da sanyi), ya zama dole a goge su biyo. Sau nawa zai zama dole a yi, ya dogara da ingancin ruwa kuma, ba shakka, daga yanayin bututun a cikin gidan. Koyaya, ban da tsabtatawa na lokaci-lokaci, sauran rikice-rikice na na'urar wannan ƙirar ba zai isar da mai amfani ba.
Daga cikin masu tayin raga akwai samfurori tare da madaidaiciyar motsi mai sarrafa kansa. Irin waɗannan na'urori ana kiransu juyawa mai juyawa. Na'urorin tsabtace kai ba sa buƙatar watsa su kuma suna wanke datti kowane lokaci ana wanke datti a jikin ruwa, wanda ke gudana a gaban hanya. Don tsabtace matatar, a wasu samfuran ya isa ya buɗe famfo mai magudanar a kasan kafuwa. Sakamakon ya rage matsin lamba tsakanin shigarwar da magudana, da kuma lokacin bazara, yana matsawa ƙasa da kuma gabatar da rikodin abin da ake kira da yankin aiki. Ruwa yana fara shiga cikin wannan ɓangaren grid. Sa'an nan ruwa mai narkewa yana shiga cikin grid, inda aka sanya turbin, kuma, a ko'ina rarraba kwarara, yana jefa kayan injallolin da aka tara. Bayan rufe crane, bazara ta dawo da grid zuwa matsayin sa. Duk aikin yana ɗaukar kimanin 20 seconds. Farashin irin wannan tace yana fitowa daga $ 250 zuwa $ 1000. Na'urar tana da kyau don tsabtatawa daga inclusicals na inji, dace da ruwan zafi da sanyi, kuma ana iya amfani da katakon abinci na shekaru.
Akwai zaɓin mai rahusa na matattarar atomatik (daga $ 50). Basu da tsarin wanka na baya, amma suna da famfo na musamman, ba da damar lokaci-lokaci don cire datti da aka tara a cikin sump. A lokacin da wanke na'urorin tsabtace kai, ya kamata a taƙaice tiyo a kan magudanar magudanar don haka duk ɓoyayyen iska a cikin lambatu. Fahimtar lokacin da ya yi da za a wanke tace, abu ne mai sauki: Idan matsin lamba a cikin bututun ya faɗi, to lokaci ya yi.
Hakanan kasuwa kuma tana gabatar da samfuran na'urorin wanke wanke tare da gauges matsin lamba, wanda ke ba ka damar gano wani mataki na clood na matatar. Auges matsin lamba tsaya a ƙofar da fitarwa na na'urar kuma nuna abin da matsin lamba yake a halin yanzu. Masu kera, a matsayin mai mulkin, duba flasks don matsakait matsin lamba, kuma a cikin bayanan bayanan kayan aikin ya kamata a ba da. Misali, akwai masu tace su a matsayin matsin lamba daga 16 zuwa 17. Hakanan an sanye da tace iri iri da yawa tare da irin wannan na'urar a matsayin maimaitawa wanda ke iyakance matsin ruwa a ƙofar zuwa bututun bututun. Gabaɗaya, matsin lamba akan hanyar sadarwa a cikin hanyar sadarwa bai wuce 6bar ba, amma wani lokacin hydroweods suna faruwa a cikin tsarin rufinmu. Suna haifar da ɗan gajeren lokaci (ko ma ƙari) karuwa a kan matsin lamba kan waɗanne kayan aikin gida ba a ƙididdige su ba. A Gearbox ya haskaka waɗannan oscillation kuma don ta ba da gudummawa ga tsawaita rayuwar sabis na ƙazantaccen kayan aiki na ƙazanta.
A kasuwar Rasha, masu tayin net Briukmann, Herz (Austria), RBM, Tiemme (Italiya), urtaprop, syr (Jamus) da sauransu. Kuma mafi yawan abin dogara da tsari, a cewar masana, kayayyaki ne suka kera Safcherwell Braukmann.
Halaye na wasu tace raga
| Mai masana'anta | Abin ƙwatanci | Matsakaiciya matsi, mashaya | Ruwa na ruwa, tare da | Girman sel, μm | Siffofin zane | Farashi, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honeywell Braukmann (Austria) | F74C. | goma sha biyar | talatin | 50, 100 da 200 | Shigarwa mai yiwuwa ne a tsaye da kwance na bututun. | 130-180 |
| F76. | 25. | Har 70. | 20, 50, 100, 200, 300 da 500 | Yana sa shigarwa na juyawa na atomatik | 350-900 | |
| FF06. | goma sha shida | Har zuwa 40. | 100 | Tsabtace kai, tare da Flak | hamsin | |
| Bugatti (Austria) | 170. | goma sha shida | Har zuwa 150. | 400, 500, 600 | Karfe gidajen ƙarfe wanda ba a biya ba | huɗu |
| RBM (Italiya) | 991. | goma sha shida | Har zuwa 100. | 800. | Karfe gidajen ƙarfe wanda ba a biya ba | 7. |
| 989 dn 15. | goma sha shida | Har zuwa 100. | 100 | Karfe gidajen ƙarfe wanda ba a biya ba | takwas | |
| Syr (Jamus) | Drufic dabara. | goma sha shida | Har zuwa 120. | 95-125 | Yana sa shigarwa na juyawa na atomatik | 243. |
| Herz (Austria) | 1411142. | goma sha shida | Har zuwa 100. | 300. | Tsabtace kai | goma sha takwas |
| Oventrop (Jamus) | Aguanova Karamar R. | goma sha shida | Har zuwa 30. | 100 | Shafin kai, tare da saurin tafiya | 120. |
| Rastelli (Italiya) | DN15 | ashirin | Har zuwa 120. | 400. | Hada kai | 150. |
| DN20. | ashirin | Har zuwa 120. | 500. | Hada kai | 200. |
Tace Cartridge
Suna da koli masu hana, yawanci a bayyane mai haske wanda aka sanya kashi na tace (ko kuma kututture). Har zuwa yau, ana samar da irin waɗannan samfuran a cikin masu girma dabam: 5, 10 da 20 (ko da ba a amfani da 5-inch inch). Jikin na'urar shine nau'ikan biyu: layin siriri (bakin ciki) da manyan shuɗi (lokacin farin ciki). Girman tace yana shafar aikinta da mita na kayan aikin kayan aikin. Daga sama akan Flask Akwai wasu ramuka na musamman waɗanda aka yi niyya don ɗaure na'urar zuwa bango ta amfani da baka na musamman. M Flak ya ba ku damar gani game da tantance digiri na gurbataccen kabarin.Tsakanin na'urorin countridge na iya haskaka tace filment. Matsakaicin matsakaici a cikinsu an yi shi ne daga zaren Kopron ko karfafa nalan. Igiyar ta rauni a kan toka firam stesh firam da kuma zaren mai sauƙi a kan coil. A mafi girman igiyar da iska mai ƙarfi, mafi girman ƙarfin na'urar. Irin waɗannan kwari sun tsarkake ruwa mafi kyau fiye da ƙirar ƙirar su tana gabatowa microns 0.5, amma galibi a cikin gidaje da aka saita (5 ko 10 μm). Koyaya, ana iya amfani da filamfin filment Callemade a lokuta inda akwai dakatar ko yashi a cikin ruwa. Na'urar tare da wannan matsalar daidai take da cakuda. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da irin wannan tace kawai don ruwan sanyi (alamomin yawan zafin su yana da ƙasa zuwa 60s) kuma an tsara su don matsi a cikin tsarin 7 ATM. Daga ruwan zafi, igiyar kumburi da ƙara girma, wacce ta halitta ta da ikon tace tace.
Yana buƙatar, Petal, Morction, propylene da sauran tace cirlade sun yadu sosai. Wasu samfuran suna sanye da tsarin juji na atomatik. Amma masana sun yi imanin cewa irin wannan aikin a cikin kayan kicin yana da inganci mai tasiri, sabili da haka, lokacin da aka gurbata guraben katako, ya fi kyau maye gurbinsa da sabon.
Motar Cadridge ta hanyar Usfilter, kenstone, Cowmatik (Amurka), Goge (Faransa), Atlas, Tgi (Rasha), sabon ruwa (Rasha (Russia) da sauransu.
Ina da nunance guda: kwari masu maye gurbin ba koyaushe suke dacewa da girman zuwa matattarar masu masana'antu daban-daban ba. Apotoma lokacin da maye gurbin cojin, yana da kyau a yi amfani da samfurin kamfanin wanda ya samar da na'urar. A lokuta, yana yiwuwa a saka katako a cikin "tace, amma idan kun ƙidaya a kan wani dogon na'urar aiki, yana da kyau kada kuyi wannan.
Halayen wasu matattarar cartridge
| Mai masana'anta | Abin ƙwatanci | Girman barbashi mai canzawa, microns | Siffofin zane | Yi, L / Min | Farashi, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tace ta Amurka (Amurka) | CP5-20vv | Fiye da 1, fiye da 5, fiye da 10 | Lepalic | 38-36 | 10-30 |
| NCP-20BB. | Fiye da 10. | Lepalic | 9,5-38 | 10-30 | |
| Atlas (Italiya) | Babba da. | 0.5-100 | M Flask | - | goma sha shida |
| "Sabon ruwa" (Russia) | Nv-p. | - | M Flask | - | talatin |
| Nv-sg | - | Bakin karfe mahalli | - | 240. | |
| ACOL (Amurka) | A-11se. | Fiye da 10. | Lepalic | Har zuwa 40. | 44. |
| A-12 h | Fiye da 5. | - | Har zuwa 30. | 149. | |
| PentTek (Jamus) | PBH-410. | 1-200. | Tare da fitarwa manometer | 56.8. | 216. |
Tace hasashe
Na'urori sun ƙunshi silinda don cika tace matsakaici (ma'adini, granite crum) da siyar sarrafawa. Mace na wannan nau'in suna da yawa, ingantacce, amma mafi arha kuma ba mai arha. An yi amfani da shi mafi yawan a cikin gida, gidaje masu zaman kansu da sauran manyan abubuwa, inda ake buƙata perarfin mayaƙu daga 0.7 M3 / h da kuma yanayin buɗewar ruwa guda biyu ko kuma yanayin da aka buɗe ko kuma yanayin da aka buɗe. Don aikin na'urori, ana buƙatar matsin lamba sama da 2bar, kuma asarar matsin lamba akan tace an ba shi tabbatacciya - kimanin 0.4bar.Duk shigarwa don tsabtace ruwa na faduwa, ba tare da da masana'anta ba, kusan iri ɗaya ne. Zasu iya zama matattara na tsabtatawa na inji (goyan bayan ma'adanan ma'adini) da kuma ƙimar alli; calsitex moding; moralx idr.).
Abubuwan da aka tace na matsakaiciyar matattarar slunters an dawo dasu ta hanyar flushing tare da kwararar ruwa da aka samar a yanayin atomatik. A lokaci guda, wanda aka tara a cikin filin ajiya an cire shi cikin magudanar ruwa. Shigowar irin wannan na'ura al'amari, bari mu ce madaidaiciya, quite mai rikitarwa, da kwararrun kwararrun yakamata suyi.
An sanya masu tace kusa da bututun shigarwar. Koyaya, babu buƙatar zama wani abu da kai tsaye a cikin bututu na magana kai tsaye. Na'urar tana kusa da bututu kuma tana haɗa tare da shi tsarin tiyo na musamman. A cikin kasuwar Rasha, matattarar slors na Kinetico, tsarin ecowater, USFillter (Amurka) da wasu kuma ana gabatar dasu. Akwai samfura tare da sarrafawa ta atomatik. Dukkanin kungiyoyin sun shafi microprocessor, kuma wata rana daya kawai don tantance tsautsayi ruwan da lokaci-lokaci ƙara mustache gishiri zuwa lokaci-lokaci (sake ta siginar microprocessor).
Halaye na wasu masu tacewa
| Mai masana'anta | Abin ƙwatanci | AIKI, L / H | Faduwar gazawar, l | Farashin, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinetico (Amurka) | ST60 / PF (AG) | 1100. | 20/20 | 1430. |
| ST2000 / PF (yumbu) | 2700. | 28/28 | 3900. | |
| Systems Compor (Amurka) | Etf 2100 PF-10 | 670-1100 | 128-35 | 1000. |
| Etf 2100 PF-12 | 900-1900 | 57. | 1260. | |
| Tace ta Amurka (Amurka) | 2510 1252 mme-150 | 1500. | - | 798. |
| 25101450mme-200. | 2000. | - | 1030. | |
| Dolphin (Russia) | Uyov-1 | 1000. | - | - |
Editocin suna godiya Rusullimat Termo, tsarin-Bugatti da kuma Cibiyar samarwa don Taimako a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan.