Gidan wanka mai ruwa: Inlet da kuma shafi kayan, shiri da fasaha na aikace-aikace a farfajiya, nau'in 'yan tawuna.
Hoton Mikhail Stepanova
("Isooflex") yana da madaidaicin murhun ciki, wanda aka kiyaye ta hanyar fim ɗin polymer kafin fara aiki
Hoton Karen Manko
An sanya membrane da membrane da aka sanya a kan tushe dole ne a cika da screed, farfajiya wanda yake fuskantar tiled ko wasu kayan
Hoto daga Dmitina
Hoton Mikhail Stepanova
Hoton Veraly Nefedova
Hoton Veraly Nefedova
Hoto na Evgenia Lichina
Gaskiyar cewa ruwa, ko kuma, na yau da kullun (da kuma sananniyar haila a kullun a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, musamman fahimtar a lokacin haɗinsa kwatsam cirewar. Duk da haka, wani lokacin wannan "tushen rai" ne iya sa mutane da yawa wahala. Misali, leaks da suka samo asali ne a cikin irin wannan "ruwa" na "na" na ", kamar gidan wanka, suna da kiba tare da maƙwabta daga ƙasa kuma suka biya su mahimmancin lalacewa. Yana iya zama, ba tare da fatan ga madawwami "Avos," shi ya sa hankali domin shirya sau daya da kuma yin waterproofing gidan wanka.
Nomenclature na kayan lantarki na zamani shine samfurori masu yawa wanda masana'antun gida da kuma kasashen waje suke da daruruwan abubuwa. Wuraren ruwa shi ne fannoni inda aka ba da mahimmanci. Yana yiwuwa don ƙara wani mai sauki, amma muhimmanci mulki: kafin ka fara zuwa ga gudanar da waterproofing aiki, wajibi ne ku auna nauyi da duk abin da sosai da kuma la'akari da wani predetermination a kan "na farko matsayi" da za a dauke gagarumin halin kaka na lokaci da kuma kudi. Saboda haka guda, sosai da aminci (yau da kullum kwararru) Note: waterproofing ba sharri ko mai kyau, shi ne ko akwai, ko shi ba. Af, sa hannu a cikin wannan harka kwararru iya zama wani lokaci a duk ba dole ba.
Yau, iri biyu waterproofing kayan ana amfani ga waterproofing benaye da ganuwar a gidan wanka. A irin abu zaba aka kai tsaye alaka da surface siffofin da lokaci na aiki.
Mai hana ruwa waterproofing kayan
Kayan kwalliyar gargajiya da aka yi amfani da su, musamman, a cikin gidan wanka, an mama kayan masarufi. Wanda aka kirkiro ta hanyar Bitumen da aka gyara ta polymer polymer (Styrene-Bedadane-Styrene) da kuma karfafa tare da polyster ko kuma karfafa nau'ikan nau'in polyrene) da kuma karfafa nau'ikan nau'in polyrene) da kuma karfafa nau'ikan nau'in polyrene) da kuma karfafa nau'ikan nau'in polyrene na zamani da dacewa a cikin shigarwa). Ya kamata a ce cewa zabi na m m m m moryprooft da daidaitaccen akwatin gidan wanka shine, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a la'akari da ya dace ba. An lura da masu hura cewa irin wannan ruwa abin dogara ne kuma mai dorewa, amma aiki-m. Yana buƙatar sandar da gangan a hankali: rashin daidaituwa na rashin daidaituwa sama da 2mm, busassun busasshiyar da aka bi da bitumen m. Da kyau, babban matsala shine mai tsayayya da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi na bitumen. Amma idan har yanzu yanke shawara ce ta amfani da wannan takamaiman ruwa (ta hanyar, mafi tattalin arziƙin zai fi dacewa.
Daidai yake da ruwa yana da yawan fa'idodi akan wasu kayan. Yana da sauri kuma kawai tsayayyen (yanke-ƙasa), an gyara shi a cikin yankin, saboda a ƙarshe, a kan abin da aka keɓe ba zai iya tafiya nan da nan bayan shigarwa ba tare da tsoron lalata shi ba. Kafin kwanciya Rolls, masana sun ba da shawarar farko, don wannan dalilin ya dace da yin amfani da "da sauri" Bitumenous (daga fasaha da kuma asol-v daga Schimurg bushewa don 3-8 Awanni, kuma fenti mai hana ruwa, wanda ya dace da amfani ga daban-daban, gami da kankare, sansan.
Akwai wani muhimmin rashin amfani da irin wannan ruwa na ruwa: membrane na bera, a kafa shi da cika fale-falen buraka ko kuma ya daskare ta hanyar sauran kayan gama. Matsalar ta taso daga wannan na iya danganta da cire matakin bene, tunda a cikin shigarwar ruwa, da bene scread da fale-falen gona, bene a cikin gidan wanka zai tashi aƙalla 5 cm. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da bakin kofa tare da tsawo na kimanin 2 cm, wanda ba ya ba da ruwa don hanzarta shiga ko wanka ba zato ba tsammani. Don haka, zamu sami "cikas" a kan hanyar a cikin gidan wanka tare da tsawo na 7cm. Idan ba ku son tuntuɓe game da shi kowane lokaci, dole ne ku ɗaga bene a cikin sauran ɗakunan. Fa'idodi masu yawa sune rufin sauti ga maƙwabta da ke ƙasa. Kuma ikon ɓoye abubuwa da yawa a cikin screed. Amma a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, an yanke shawarar daban don kowace takamaiman shari'ar.
Lokacin da ake buƙata a kasuwar Rasha na kayan inlet ruwa, samfuran kamfanonin gida "," Mataimakin Schmburg (Amurka), ICOP), ICOPSL (ICA) Sweden) ana gabatar da su. An shigo da analogs an rarrabe ta da ingancin inganci, amma yana da tsada sosai. Misali, jigon ya birgima kayan masarufi daga index yana da Layer Layafi (1.5mm), wanda ya kara yawan polymer. Bugu da kari, polyethylene tare da wani yanki mai kauri na musamman na mai da hankali yana tabbatar da amincin gidajen abinci tsakanin zane. ADDURYIN MULKIN (20M2) zai biya 126. Oneayan abubuwan ci gaba na kamfanin "Teknikol" haramtaccen abu ne na kayan shaye-shaye-polymen-polymen-polymen-polymen-polymen-polymen-polymen-OS ". Dalilin gidaje a ciki ana amfani da gilashin gilashin da bitumen, an gyara shi da COMOLDERICKER) Abincin. Amfani da nau'ikan polymers muhimmanci yana inganta elasticity na kayan kuma yana ƙara kayan aikin ta. Ya zo "shamaki" a cikin Rolls na 15m2 da tsada sau 3 mai rahusa fiye da samfurin ƙasashen waje - $ 32 a kowace yi.
| Gidan wanka mai hana ruwa a cikin kankare tare da benaye na fure (index) |
| Jirgin ruwan wanka na ruwa a kan katako (index) |
| Zane daga cikin na'urar ruwa mai hana ruwa a cikin gidan wanka (kiilto) |
Wauta mai hana ruwa
A cikin al'adar tanadi na zamani, maye gurbin allon kayan inlet suna zuwa da shafi, kuma a yau ana amfani dasu sosai don ɗakunan ruwa tare da babban zafi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan da ke haifar da mafi girma rukuni wanda ya hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan, ciminti, ciminti da polymer na polymer, sealts. Bayar da bambancin wannan samfurin, amfani da ɗaya ko wani nau'in sa ya kamata a tabbatar da shi sosai - zaɓin fasaha da kayan da ake buƙata ta hanyar lamarin. Abubuwan da ke ƙasa (ruwa), rashin "unpretentiousness" (amfani da kowane farfajiya) ba da mahimman abubuwan tanadi na lokaci - ƙayyadaddun matakan aikin da suka gabata ba a cire ƙarewar.Mafi shahararren nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan hada kayan - bitumous (bitumen-roba da bitumen-polymeric) masts. An yi su ne bisa tushen bitumen hade tare da ƙari na kwayoyin halitta da kuma daban-daban crumbs crumbs, filastik, marigayi, ƙara son elasticity. Abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwa na kwari na bitumen suna da kyau a cikin tushe kuma suna haɓaka juriya ga tasirin waje. Daga kayan wannan jerin, Indsol da Elastobits na kamfanin Italiyanci za a iya kiranta (suna da babban elaspalit da ICOPAL, Kallasfact daga Beckers (Sweden), " Hydromeb "Kasuwancin Rasha" da "Grid", Bitumast Gidrololitex Mbg daga Bitumast (Russia). Koyaya, ya kamata a ɗauka a tuna cewa don samun ingantaccen shafi na ruwa bayan amfani da irin waɗannan kayan, ana buƙatar sweed. Wannan hanyar sadarwa ba za ta zama superfluous: dangantakar da ake kira sabo ne wanda ake kira fiber na polypropylene fiber. Yana ƙara ƙarfi da juriya ga farrasion na kankare, sansanin ciminti, yana rage yiwuwar fashewa.
Hakanan ciyawar ruwa mai ruwa ta hada da ciminti-polymer na polymer. An shirya su daga bushe cakuda ciminti da ma'adinai na ma'adinai kuma suna haifar da ruwa na musamman ko ruwa na ruwa na polymer (acrylic, silicone ko vinyl). Godiya ga bangaren ibada, waɗannan mayafin suna da kyakkyawar muhimmiyar isi don tushe, kuma suna da ƙari don taimaka musu cikin nasara ba kawai a kan saman saman. Abubuwan da ke tattare da polymer na polymer sun shiga cikin pores na gindin kuma tam rufe su. Kaurin kauri daga cikin shafi na shafi yana da ƙarami - 1-3mm. Tsarin wannan nau'in sun haɗa da warewar "AKVasyl" daga Ozss (Rusanta), murƙushe daga Themburg (Jamus), murƙushe daga Themburg (Jamus), murƙushe daga Themburg daga TORED, BarraStik ya samar da heidelster. A cikin kyakkyawan asusu, na roba daban-daban masu lalata obolalic da osmoflex daga index. An samo su ta hanyar haɗuwa da wasu rabbai na foda na ciminti da marix. Vitogo ya juya abin da ke tattare da kayan aikin yau da kullun. A cakuda cakuda amfani (amfani cikin yadudduka biyu tare da spatula) don hana ruwa wani daidaitaccen gidan wanka shine kusan 3kg a 1m2. Ana iya amfani dasu azaman ruwayar ruwa a cikin shawa, da kuma lokacin hawa crack buɗewa a tushe zuwa 2mm.
Manyan masu dogaro sun nuna wani abu mai hana ruwa mai ruwa mai ruwa mai ruwa da ruwa "Glims-goyon baya" na kamfanin "mai haske-samarwa". Abubuwan suna da kyakkyawan tasirin a kowane nau'in samaniyoyi kuma an rarrabe su ta hanyar ƙara juriya ruwa. A hankali yana kama da ɗayan halayen "Glims -rooftops" - Ruwa mai hana ruwa tare da tsawan iska mai tsawo na 70m. Shiri don aiki tare da cakuda (duk da haka, yana aiki tare da shi da kansa) yana da kyau mai sauƙi: cim morts an diluted a cikin rabbai da yawa, an yi amfani da shi sosai ga yadudduka da yawa zuwa farfajiya zuwa farfajiya zuwa farfajiya zuwa farfajiya zuwa saman.
Kayan aiki akan ginin sumunti yana ba da kamfanin Italiyanci zuwa Rasha. Mafi yawan yaduwa shine hadayar ruwa mai ruwa guda ɗaya na Elastocem Mono, wanda ya kunshi gagarumin Portland, abubuwan da aka hana da silicon Inert flolers. A lokacin da diluted da ruwa, cakuda ya zama taro mai filastik, wanda za a iya amfani da su a kwance da kuma a tsaye a kwance zuwa 2 mm ba tare da hawa ba. An bambanta Elasttocem Mono da babban elastiivity da ingantaccen m zuwa ciminti da kankare sansan.
Da kyau kafa sosai polymer ruwa kayan ruwa na samar da gida da kuma kasashen waje samarwa. Don haka, Saniflex daga Schimburg bai ƙunshi abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su ba don amfani a cikin ɗakunan rigar da gidan wanka. Ana amfani da taro na insulating ga yadudduka ɗaya ko biyu (shafi na shafi dole ne aƙalla (sa'o'i 5-6) a kan busassun ruwa (awanni 5-6), amma yana watsa fim ɗin roba. Ana ba da shawarar ƙoshin ƙasa da ganuwar da za a yi shan taba tare da hatyan ribbons. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa idan a cikin gidan wanka mai zuwa an tsara shi naúrar dumi, to Saniflex bai kamata ya yi amfani ba.
Aikin Polymerm a kan kasuwar Rasha ita ce kamfanoni na Finnish Kiilto da Oxirroc, da Italiyanci na ɗan Italiya (Hidroflex m). Daga duk kewayon Kiilto, wani ɓangaren Keragum Polymer Mastic, wanda aka kirkireshi akan CRB-Polymer (Roba daga Polymer, wanda aka cakuda shi da Styrene), shine musamman don ɗakunan zafi. Ya kamata a ambata cewa tsarin rufin ya haɗa da kaset na fibrous. Abun da abun da ke ciki na abun da aka sanya su an daidaita su a tsakanin yadudduka (a cikin sasanninta da seams) da haɓaka ruwa. Masu kwararrun avot daga OxitiroC suna ba da hadaddun abubuwa da yawa tare da ayyuka daban-daban. "Wuri mai Ruwa" shine mastic dangane da ruwa mai ruwa na rudani. Ana amfani da shi ga goga ko roller a cikin matakai biyu a kan bushewar farfajiya (zazzabi 15-30c), sannan kuma suna daidaita da spatula mai toothed. Punching tushe don mastic sun dace da platesters plasters, dangantaka, Masonry tubalan. Lokacin da farkon Layer na abun ciki ya bushe, zane na karfafa masana'anta "Tsohon" a ciki (tare da gefe a cikin 50cm). Musamman an sarrafa abubuwan da aka sarrafa a hankali na magudanar ruwa, hawa ramuka, kusurwoyi da gidajen abinci. Abubuwan da ke cikin kare ruwa suna karfafa ta na biyu na nama.
Kayan ruwa mai tsauri
| Mai masana'anta | Abu | Nau'in kayan | Takamaiman, kg / DM3 | Amfani, KG / M2 | Marufi | Farashin 1kg, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index (Italiya) | Indesol | Bituminous polymer na yau da kullun | - | ɗaya | Bankin Karfe 10 da 20kg | 2,2 |
| OsMolic | Sumunti-polymer masasso | 1.65 | 1,6 | Jakar Kaft 15kg, Cananister 5kg | 2.7 | |
| Schmburg (Jamus) | Aquafin-2k. | Sumunti-polymer masasso | 1,3 | 3.5-4.5 | Bag 6 da kilogiram 25, guga 2 da 8,33l | 1.5 |
| Littokol (Italiya) | Elasttocem Mono. | Ciminti Mix | - | 3.2 (tare da kauri mai kauri 2mm) | Jaka 20kg | 2,3. |
| Hidroflex. | Polymer m | 1,3 | 1.3 (tare da karamar kauri daga 1mm) | Guga 2, 8, 18 da 24kg | 5.3 | |
| Kiilto (Finland) | Keragum. | Polymer m | 1,4. | 0.7-1 | Bankin 1, 5, 10 da 15l | 7.7 |
| Budikwayo (Finland) | "Tsohon Ruwa" | Polymer m | 1,1 | 0.7-0.9 (don bango); 1-1.2 (na bene) | Banki 5 da 10l | 7,2 |
| Ginin Rickardi, Grid (Russia) | Hydromeb " | Bituminous polymer na yau da kullun | 1,2 | 0.25-0.3 | Guga 5kg | 1,6 |
| "Glims-prodoakhn" (Russia) | "Glims-ruwa-" | Ciminti Mix | - | 3-4 | Jaka 20kg | 0.8. |
Na'urar fasahar ruwa
Shiri na tushen . Hakikanin mahimmancin mahimmanci a cikin ingancin ruwa fiye da abun da ke tattare da marin maganin shine kiyaye fasahar. Ajiye ya juya daga tushe, burbushi na mai, fenti da wasu abubuwa suna ba da a hankali a hankali. Za'a iya samun tsaftacewar tsaftacewa daga ƙura mai tsaftacewa tare da taimakon wani tsabtace gida mai tsabtace gida. Kafin amfani da ruwayar ruwa, ana sarrafa ginin da aka shirya (goge ko daga sprayer) by Primer (Primer). Abu mafi mahimmanci ba za a kuskure ba a cikin zaɓin sa, tunda magabatan da aka yi amfani da su don yanayin danshi da kuma talauci suna ɗaukarsu da yanayin ilimin lissafi, sabili da haka, yin aiki mara kyau tare da "tushen wani". Da rashin daidaituwa na gindin har zuwa 2mm an yarda. Kasancewar kowane mai kaifi mai kauri a kai (ko da ƙarami). A hankali screeds (daga ciminti-yashi, gypsum, bushe mafi bushe-bushe) ya kamata a dage farawa tare da 2-3m nisa tsintsaye akan wutar Jagora. Motsin wurare (ciminti na ciminti, kankare, kankare shi.D.), ba a kula da shi da ruwa-polymeric, ya zama dole a sanyaya ruwa mai tsabta tare da soso ko soso. Wannan zai nisantar da bushewa da sauri da sauri mai hana ruwa.
Babban wuraren yin raunuka na kwance da a tsaye - a gaban na'urar ruwa mai hana ruwa, kuma ana iya shawo kan mayafin mayafi, ko kuma aka rataye shi da semi carlers, yana rufe da rata tsakanin bango da bene, da kuma amfani da caustic waterproofing. Ya kamata kuma a ɗauka tuna cewa idan a nan gaba kuke da niyyar ba da bene mai dumi a cikin gidan shakatawa na roba (alal misali, irin su berddesmo daga Alchimica (Girka) ko Elstorit daga Index). Kwararru da yawa bayar da shawarar a wannan yanayin to tambaya shafi waterproofing a saman screed, karkashin manne Layer to nan da nan kare biyu da na USB, da kuma screed.
Shiri na Mixes . An samar da Bituminous da polymicical a shirye don amfani. Avot kayan a kan tushen ciminti ana isar da su a cikin bushewar launuka. Da tubiri tare da adadin tsarkakakken ruwa (kowane abun da ke ciki yana da nasa busasshen cakuda (utan lantarki da aka samu sosai tare da mass na musamman) har sai an sami taro na musamman da ƙwayoyin cuta . Maganin da ake samu ya girma don minti 3-5 kuma yana motsa sake, bayan wanda aka ɗauka a shirye don amfani. A mafi kyau duka ruwa zafin jiki ne 15-20s. A mafi ƙarancin bayani yana iyakance (0.7-1.5 hours), don haka ya zama dole don tsayar da cakuda a cikin karamin adadin kuma aiwatar da kai tsaye.
Aikace-aikacen ruwa . Yana aiki akan na'urar don hana ruwa "dole ne a yi shi a ingantaccen zafin jiki na yanayi da kuma zafi da zafi a cikin ɗakin dole ne a kiyaye a kusa da agogo don a Aƙalla kwanaki 2 kafin farawa da kwanaki 12 bayan ƙarshen aikin "(Snip3.044). A ko'ina ana amfani da ruwa a gindin da buroshi, roller ko santsi spatuula. Lokaci na bushewa da kuma tabbatar da abun da ke dogara da kauri daga Layer, kazalika a kan zazzabi da zafi a cikin dakin. Kafin ƙirƙirar sel select ko salo na ƙarewar bene, ya kamata a kula da zafi na ruwa kuma ya kamata a kwatanta shi da mai nuna alama tare da wannan nau'in kayan.
Fasaha ta Ruwa:
| A-farfajiya magani tare da tsarin mawuyacin hali; |
| Ainihin ruwa; |
| Clafe da fale-falen buraka da kuma rufe gidajen abinci |
Sealants
Matsalolin sealing na seams, hatimin gidajen abinci daban-daban (alal misali, lokacin da aka sanya silicone silicone da siliniyoyi Polyurhane. Har yanzu akwai yawancin talakawa, amma saboda saurin tsufa a cikin dakunan wanka, ba su da shawarar su. Don daidaitawa da rama don motsin seams, abin da ke canzawa silicone zai yiwu mai kyau duka. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, da aka yi amfani da sealts masu tsabta waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin ɗakunan wanka da bayan gida, suna ɗauke da ƙaramin tsawaita da fungicides waɗanda ke hana samuwar baƙar fata. Wadannan kayan an rarrabe su da kyau elasticity (tsawanta lokacin da yakan tashi zuwa 1000%), ƙarfi mai kyau, ƙarfi da karko.
Jikin Silicone gami da) an rarrabe shi ta hanyar magance injin da kuma abubuwan da suka fi sollers, mafi kyau). Acid Sealants ne na duniya kuma mafi arha (kusan $ 2 na katako na 310 ml) kuma, ba shakka, mafi yawan wakilci a cikin kasuwar cikin gida. Alamarsu a cikin kamfanoni da yawa sun haɗa da harafin Latin a (acid. Acid acid). A lokacin da warke, irin wannan sealans zaɓi wasu adadin acetic acid a cikin iska (2-4% na jimlar taro), wanda zuwa wani iyakar iyakokinsu. Bai kamata su shiga tsakani da ja-gora ba, jan ƙarfe, tagulla da zinc, saboda acetic acid yana haifar da lalata waɗannan karafa. Hakanan ba a amfani da 'yan sealants na acidic lokacin aiki tare da marmara da ciminti da ke dauke da kayan da ke da mahimman kayan alkaline da kuma iya mayar da acid acid. Amfani da irin wannan magungunan, wajibi ne don cire wuraren zama.
Tsaka tsaki da sealants ta Ketatoxime ko barasa. Sun dace da duk kayan yau da kullun ba tare da togiya ba, gami da marmara da kayan ciminti, amma suna da mafi tsada - daga $ 5-6 a kan katako mai tsada. Alamar irin wannan abun da harafin n (na Ingilishi tsaka tsaki).
Kasuwar Rasha tana samar da samfuran kamfanoni na gida da na gida. Daga cikinsu "ploverservisitetety", "Rusyermermety", NGO "Polymer Sealants" (Russia), PLALTE DA Makrof (Amurka), Flm-Firnen Gruppe (Switzerland), Soadal (france) da sauransu.
Editocin suna godiya da tsayayyen "Convent Convent", Thenonikol, "Glims-Prodoakhn", da kuma ofisoshin wakili, Schmburg da Kiilto na taimako a cikin shirya kayan.