Game da batutuwa na rauni ta hanyar araha da araha. Abin da ke cikin kwantar da hankali. Mene ne yanayin sauti. Yadda ake jin daɗin kiɗa kuma kada ku tsoma baki tare da maƙwabta.
Photo v.nepledova
1 - nuna;
2 - sha;
3 - da
1 - Gasket "vibrosil-K" 6 mm;
2 - slab overlap;
3 - Gishan-7-4 70 mm kwamitin;
4 - Scoop "Shumanetet-BM";
5 - Layer kariya Layer na unwovil zane;
6 - Clipso Clipso Clipso;
7 - Bayanan Batsa don hawa bangarorin shirin;
8 - bango
1 - slab overlap;
2 - "shumannet-100";
3 - Concrete screed;
4 - gas-insulating gasket;
5 - Layinate
Kun sayi wani sitereo ko gidan gidan gida. An kawo, shigar da ... yaya za a ci? Bai karɓi da "Kayfa" ba. Sauti wani nau'in magana, da sanannen sanannun sauti kaɗan kamar yadda ya kamata. Plusari, saututtukan daban (gami da suka zo daga gidajen makwabta) da injin ". Kuma a saman maƙwabcin ya fara drawa a cikin bango, mai neman dakatar da wannan izgili. " Amma me yasa ya faru? Bari muyi kokarin tantance shi.
SASHE I. Sauti. Me yasa ya faru?
Bari mu fara, kamar yadda suke faɗi, "daga murhu." Don ƙari daidai, tare da yanayin sautin, dokokin rarraba da wasu fasali na tsinkayensa ta fuskoki.Sauti cikin babban abu-Oscillatory motsi na barbashi na roba matsakaici da yaduwa a cikin nau'i na raƙuman ruwa a cikin wani abu, ruwa ko matsakaici matsakaici. Av shine kunkuntar hankali, wanda ake ganewa ta hanyar mutum na musamman na mutum da dabbobi. A saukake, ka share hannayenka, buga kwallon game da bene ko in buga sauti guda daya, kuma an haife shi, wanda yake da makamashi. Wave na ya shafi dakin (makamashi na abin da ya faru), yana samun shinge (bango ko kuma ya faɗi ne daga gare ta (maƙasudi). Wani sashi na makamashin motsi yana cikin katse cikin shinge (warwatse ko makamashi), juya zuwa makamashi mara ƙarfi. Al'adar da har yanzu "karya ta" ta hanyar shamaki kuma ya fito a gefe guda (makamashi na baya).
Bari mu sanar da shi nan da nan: Wannan bita mun kasu kashi a cikin tsari zuwa sassa 3. Da farko dai, zamuyi magana game da tsinkaye na dan Adam da kuma bayyana igiyar ruwa, da kuma raƙuman ruwa da suka gabata za'a bar su bisa ga sassa na biyu da na uku sassa.
Tare da taimakon ji na ji, mutum ya fahimci motsin iska na Oscilatory, rarrabe su cikin mita da ƙarfi. An yi imani da cewa muna jin sautin sauti mai kyau tare da yawan adadin 16 zuwa 20000Hz. Amma a cikin wannan kewayon, ana iya fahimtar abubuwa daban-daban. Zai fi kyau a ji abin da ake kira matsakaicin mitocies (daga 500 zuwa 2000hz) magana ce da sautin gida. Dukansu ƙananan (16-500 hz) da sama (2000-20000Hz) ana san ɗan muni. Sauti tare da yawan adadin 20000gz zai iya jin yawancin jarirai. Aya, mafi girman ma'aunin mafi girma ga yawancin mutane suna iyakance ga 17,000-18000 HZ, kuma ga tsufa ya zo 15000 hz. Kimanta sautin, mai nuna alamar matakin da ya shafi lika raka'a na musamman na auna Delibel (DB) aka karba. Theofar jinin ɗan adam yayi daidai da matsin lamba na 0 DB (210-5pa). Don sanin tasirin amo akan taimakon mutum, musamman dabaru da sikeli na musamman da kuma sikeli a, wanda yasa zai iya kimanta hayaniyar mai yawa tare da lambobi ɗaya a cikin naúrar.
Yanzu game da raƙuman sauti kai tsaye. A cikin yaren vuscian, ana kiran sabon abu na sauti mai hankali ya zama amsa Echo, a cikin maimaitawa na Turanci. Reverb (marigayi. Reverberatio-Tunani Daga Lat. Sake dubawa) - Tsarin Siyarwa na Sauti Bayan Kashe Tushen ɗakunan rufewa bayan kashe tushen. Tsawon lokacin irin wannan atteni gama ana nuna shi ta hanyar maimaitawa lokacin da zafin sauti ya ragu sau 106, kuma matakin shi shine 60 DB. Lokacin maimaitawa shine mafi girma mafi girman girman ɗakin da kuma ƙarancin shan sauti a kan iyakar saman. Wannan mai nuna alama ba shi da mahimmanci mahimmancin mahimmancin ƙimar dakin. Shine lokacin maimaitawa wanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri akan sauraron magana da kiɗa a cikin ɗakin, kamar yadda ɗalibai ke tsinkaye suna rawar gani a bango. Maimaitawa Phenenon a rayuwar yau da kullun an lura da shi, alal misali, a cikin sabon gida, ba tukuna cike da kayan daki. A wannan yanayin, kuna ji duka biyun kuma suna nuna daga sautin zane mai rufewa da ke zuwa gare ku tare da ɗan jinkirta.
Me yasa bayanan kimiyya? Kuma ga gaskiyar cewa ba tare da su ba zai yi wuya a fahimci wasu fasalulluka na hango sauti da kunnen mutum na mutum.
Bari mu fara da gaskiyar cewa a sakamakon juyin halittar dan adam, ya zama mafi taurin fahimtar yanayin yanayin gandun daji, amma ba don cikakken bude ba (daki) ko cikakken rufewa (daki mai kyau). Mutane suna sananniya koyaushe a cikin matsakaici inda akwai hayaniya iri-iri na ƙarancin ƙarfi (babu wani cikakkiyar murya mai ƙarfi (irin wannan raye-raye da suke aiki koyaushe, a cikin yanayi babu kawai , kuma akwai wani lokaci na ɗan gajeren lokaci, hayaniyar ruwa na ruwa, ruwan sama, rakar dabbobi da bishiyoyi). Na halitta don sauraron dan Adam shine kasancewar rakiyar da ke kara reverb (wanda aka yiwa daga itatuwan) tare da jinkirtawa a wasu 'yan ukun na biyu. Kuma wannan alamar alama da alama tana ƙara sauti na farko kuma yana sa shi mai laushi. A lokaci guda, bishiyoyin timbre na itatuwa sun bambanta ta hanyoyi daban-daban suna nuna abubuwa daban-daban. Ofishin da aka ambata ba shi da ma'ana (sai daga ƙasa, kuma murfin jikinta ya quens). Kuma mutum, fahimta kawai alama ce ta kai tsaye, ya rasa jin sauti da nutsuwa ya zama "bushe".
Wani lokaci na jinkirta siginar da aka nuna a matsayin mafi dadi? Acousticss masana ƙwarewa sun yi imani cewa kusan 0.02C (lokacin jinkirta sautin da aka nuna daga shinge a nesa na 3.5 m). Alamar tare da ƙaramin lokacin jinkiri (alal misali, nuna daga shinge a nesa na 1, jinkirtawa a wannan yanayin shine kawai, kunne ne kawai ("bushe" sauti). Da kyau, kuma wata alama ce da ke jinkirta fiye da 1.5 ° C, barin shi da wata ƙasa, amma ba za a iya fahimtar komai ba, amma ba za ku iya fahimtarsa ba (ku tuna halin da ake ciki na yau da kullun, lokacin da har ma da babba Yunkurin, ba zai yiwu a gano komai -taki ya ba da sanarwar mai magana ba).
Matsayin amo na 20-30db an dauke shi kusan mara kyau ga mutum, ana iya faɗi, asalin hayaniya na halitta. Sautin na dindindin (shi ne a matsayin amo) a cikin 35-50db, mutumin da a cikin mizani yana tsinkaye daban-daban (kodayake yana nan a nan dukkanin abubuwa daban-daban, sautin wani a cikin garken tumaki). Don sauti mai amo, 80DBA iyaka iyaka ce. Theakin na 80-90dba yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi, matakin 120-130Dbasses, a 150DB, an fashe da asarar rai na atomic tare da sautin 190db). Duk wani hayaniya da isasshen tsananin ƙarfi tare da bayyanar dogon lokaci ga mutum na iya haifar da bambancin digiri na biyu (a manyan matakan amo, jita-jita ya fara tabarbare bayan shekaru 1-2, an gano shi wani daga baya, bayan 10 -15 shekaru). Bugu da kari, amo yana da tasiri mai cutarwa a kan gabobin hangen nesa da kayan kwalliya, yana rage ayyukan reflex kuma har ma yana haifar da cututtukan jita-jita. Amma a cikin cikakken shiru (I.e. Ba tare da siginar sauti ba daga waje), babu ɗayanmu ba zai iya ba. Misali, mutumin da aka sanya a cikin kyamarar sauti sosai, aƙalla mintuna 10 fara samun wani bayani mai ƙarfi! "), A cikin mintuna na yau da kullun (), yana da marmari a cikin kunnuwa ( Amsar kariya ta jiki yana jawowa. Cikakken shiru), yana iya shiga cikin tsoro har ma da samun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Fakakon hayaniyar 25dbe don mutane sun fi dacewa, amma ba su ji shi ba, amma "tafin zobe" ba zalunta su ba.
A cikin irin wannan hanyar da ta sami kwanciyar hankali don fahimtar magana da kiɗa, mutum dole ne a cikin yanayi mai kyau a gare shi - a cikin daki mai ƙarfi, amma akwai wani karamin abu (mai sauƙi ga mai sauraro ), Babu baƙi da suke shiga da kayakan. Ee, duk abin da ke. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa babu mutanen da ba wanda ba zai son sauraron sashin kideƙi ba, amma wayewar kiɗa a cikin TV ko mai kunnawa yana ƙaunar. Bai isa mafi kyawun abin da ya fi dacewa da ɗan jinkiri ba. Ee, da kuma sautin sauti na gidan na iya jan hankali. Amma idan ka kalli waka ko kuma sanya rikodin sitiriyo, inda, ban da sauti mai ma'ana tare da zauren kide kide zuwa wannan dakin kanta.
Koyaya, wannan ya shafi ne kawai ga bayanan wani tsohon sammaci, wanda kwararrun kwararru don rashin kira mai sauti ana kiransa "lebur". Fasahar zamani ba ka damar bayar da sautin da ya zama dole. An yi rikodin shi a cikin studio na musamman, kowane kayan aiki daban. Dukkan karin amo da bututu an cire shi daga rikodin. Sannan kayan aikin ana sanya su a kan juna, a kan muryar mawaƙa. Amma wannan ba iyaka ga wannan ba. Bayan haka, injiniyan sauti yana haifar da tasirin sauti na musamman kuma yana ƙara abin da ba sa rubutu a cikin ɗakin studio - ECOCO. Ee, muna magana ne game da wannan reverb. Kuma a sakamakon haka, ana gyara sauti kuma an riga an kawo hankali "a rikodin. Ya rage kawai don samar da shi daidai kamar yadda aka rubuta, kuma ku more.
Yaushe ne matsalolin motsa jiki?
Bayan mun gano cewa tare da ilmin da dokokin rarraba rarrabawa, bari mu mayar da kaɗan akan shigarwa cikin wannan bita. Gaskiya dai, zane wannan hoto na bakin ciki a farkon kayan, mu, ba shakka, ƙarin gishiri. Sakamakon da aka ba shi mai siye yana tsammanin mai siyar da tsarin sitiriyo ko gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida nesa da kowane yanayi. Misali, da yawa daga cikin wadanda, ta siyan irin wannan tsarin, ya tabbatar da shi a cikin dakin "Gida" daki daya ne), na iya samun sakamako mai gamsarwa. Yana iya zama mai gamsarwa saboda dalilai biyu. Na farko, akwai a cikin dakin kiwo, kayan daki (musamman mai taushi) da sauran halayen gida suna ɗan "rogo" sigina ne bayyananne. Abu na biyu, a cikin falo, wanda shine dakin sauraron rakodin sauti, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ingantaccen kayan aiki ba ne. Don haka idan, saboda kasawar dakin, wasu maganganun sauti sun ɓace, ba za a iya lura da shi musamman ba.
Amma wannan da alama tabbatacce ne tabbatacce har yanzu ba yana nufin cewa babu matsaloli ba kuma ba za su taba tashi a cikin yanayin ka ba. Zai iya sosai cewa, da zaran ka kara girma, matsalolin zasu iya ganowa nan da nan. Me zai iya faruwa? Misali, zasu iya fara gilashin tsere. Dukansu taga (ba don ambaton jita ba a ciki). Manyan windows-sized suna iya aiki a matsayin membrane kuma sun fara yin tunani har ma don haɓaka sauti, a wasu mitoci da ke shiga cikin faduwar faduwa. Saboda haka, daga ra'ayi na inatar da hankali na m, ya fi kyau idan an sanya windows biyu-biyu a cikin windows. Kuma ba tare da quadmillimeters guda ba, amma tare da tabarau na kauri, a wannan yanayin, fiye da kauri da yawa na tsarin da kuma ƙarancin alama cewa gilashin zai fara tsintsiya. Misali, ba shi da kyau yin amfani da gilashi tare da tsari na 6-4-5mm, kuma mafi kyau, tare da tsari 4-6-8 (kauri daga gilashin zuwa ciki). Arazai, mun yi magana game da karfin sauti, ya kamata a lura cewa wannan mai nuna alama za'a iya kara ragewar "Gilashin Asymmetric mai suna wanda matsakaicin gilashin da aka kira shi zuwa ɗayan matsanancin. Irin wannan rukunin gilashi bai samar da kariya daga kariya daga hayaniyar ta waje ba, amma ƙasa da resonates. Zaɓin yiwuwar resonance kuma ta hanyar amfani da windows rabuwa ta hanyar zina (saboda haka yankin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikinsu ya zama ƙarami).
Matsaloli na iya zuwa daga windowsill. Bayanan kallo na hangen nesa na Windowsills filastik sun fi muni da abin da aka yi da aka yi da shi a cikin filastik. Game da ƙirar windows da taga sills, a zahiri, wajibi ne don tunani ko da kafin shigarwa na gaggawa. Shin kuna yin wani abu, idan wani abu ya riga ya kasance kuma gabaɗaya ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi? A wasu (amma, da rashin alheri, ba duka) lamuran sun sami damar taimakawa labulen karammiski masu nauyi. Har yanzu kuna iya ba da shawara don kafa gagarumin rufewa wanda za a rufe shi a lokacin kallon fim ko sauraron kiɗa.
Bugu da kari, za a iya tsammanin matsalolin matatar ciki daga benaye, kuma musamman mahimmanci - daga Laminated da yumbu. Waɗannan sutturar suna da m farfajiya kuma sabili da haka suna ɗaukar sauti da yawa fiye da katako (parquet, manyan hukumar). Taimako yana nufin (ko da yaushe, ba koyaushe ba) na iya zama mayet ɗin da aka haɗa zuwa ƙasa. Da kuma sabbin bangon da bangare. Musamman matsala da yawa na iya isar da tsarin tsarin haske, an rufe shi da Layer ɗaya na filasik, tare da wurin rakunan kowane 60 cm. Irin wannan bangare na iya fara yin rawar jiki kuma har ma ya sake jingina da girman gilashi. Kuna iya ba da shawara a nan masu zuwa. Na farko, yadudduka na bushewa ya zama aƙalla biyu, tare da yin hijira na seams na ɗaya kusa da ɗayan. Abu na biyu, lokacin da aka tattara, ya zama dole don ƙara ƙara jan dunƙule wanda ya haɗa da plasterboard a firam (kar ku manta don sarrafa shi!). Kuma, ba shakka, sararin ciki na ɓangaren ɓangaren dole ne ya cika da kayan sauti mai amfani. Zai fi kyau idan kayayyaki zasu dogara da slabs na mamaye, tsaftataccen katako, amma a cikin wani hali ba a kan lags ko fure ba ko kuma bene ba a kan lags. Da kyau, yadda za a magance rawar gani na launin toka da abinci, muna ganin, ya fi kyau a cire bawan daga "Cinema".
Mafi sau da yawa tare da abubuwan da ba a so mara tsami, waɗanda "sa'a", waɗanne farashin, ana iya faɗi, ƙoƙarin Titanic na gidan wasan kwaikwayon gida. Kuma waɗannan mutane za su iya zama masu hakkin kai. Har yanzu zai! Saka wani daki na musamman, an sami kayan abinci masu tsada- kuma a kanku! Sauti irin wannan ne bayan 'yan mintoci ba na son komai don sauraron ko duba, amma yana jan kawai don barin dakin da wuri-wuri. Me ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi? Saboda dalilai da aka jera a sama, ya dace ƙara biyu. Tunani na farko da kuma lokacinsu yana da mahimmanci game da ƙimar da aka ba da shawarar, wanda ke haifar da abin da ake kira "dandano mai laushi". Na biyu, mummunan nau'in ɗakin. Misali, a cikin alkalami na rectangular "sau da yawa akwai" tsira mai tsayi "- a wasu wuraren da ake haɓaka sauti, kuma a wasu, sun raunana. Kuma duk saboda iri ɗaya ne, saboda sanya siginar da aka nuna a farkon. Sauran tasirin sauti mara amfani na iya faruwa. Misali, abubuwan ban mamaki na "fluntiting echo" (yana bayyana tsakanin bangon layi biyu) da "sauti mai ban sha'awa" (sauti mai sauti daga kusurwar launuka biyu ko uku a cikin kusurwar saman.
Yadda za a magance shi? Hanya ta farko da zata yi gwagwarmaya tana da mahimmanci. Misali, don kawar da "fluntiting echo", yana yiwuwa a sanya bangon "cinema" ba mai daidai da taimakon zanen busassun ba (tare da karkatar da 3). Ko ƙirƙirar saitin maganganu da sasanninta a cikin ɗakin ta amfani da plainterboard ko kayan daki. Hakanan yana taimakawa shigarwa na PILASS, girman wanda ya dogara da girman zauren (ƙwararru masana suna da shawarwari na musamman akan wannan). Dukansu biyu, a ɗayan, kuma a cikin harka na uku, sautin da sauti, zai fara nuna a cikin kusurwa wanda ya bambanta da 90. A matsayina na filin sauti shine yiwuwar sauti. cewa a kowane mataki na dakin kuma a kowane shugabanci da sauti matakin da mitar sa zai zama iri ɗaya. Wato, duk maki a cikin sararin samaniya zai zama "mai daraja-mai martaba".
Daga cikin ra'ayi na lissafi, shi ne ko da yaushe mafi alhẽri idan dakin dace da dabara na zinariya sashen: da rabo daga tsawon to fadi da tsawo ne 1 / 0.68 / 0.32. Bugu da kari, dakin bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da (ƙasa da 220 cm) ba. Idan daidai yake da irin wannan (alal misali, ba shi da daraja da ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cinema-low metquencies ba zai zama mai jituwa ba.
Hanya ta biyu, tana magana da kwararren harshe, shine "aiki mai aiki" na dakin amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. An raba su da rufin sauti mai sauti da rufin sauti, kuma kowannensu ya sa hankali don dakatar da ƙari.
| Abu | M | Ƙasa | Kauri, mm. | Girman, mm. | Yankuna, KG / M3 | Madaidaitan aiki na zafi, w / (mk) | Sautin Sautin Sauti | Farashi, $ / m3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nobasil M. | Izomat. | Slovakia | 40-220 | 500, 6001000 | 30, 35, 50, 75 | 0.034-0.036 | 125 Allah- 0- 0-30; 1000hz- 0.7-0.75; 4000hz- 0.35-04 | 40-85 Hover. Daga mai yawa |
| Paroc ba a kwance ba. | Paroc. | FINLAND | 30-200. | 565-80920-1320 | talatin | 0.0335-0..0365 | Rw lp - daga 40 zuwa 70db a cikin yawan adadin kewayon kewayon 50 zuwa 3150 hz | 52.5 |
| Paroc SSB. | Paroc. | FINLAND | 30-50 | 12001800. | 100 | 0.034 | Rw np-21-70dB a cikin yawan kewayon yawan 50 zuwa 3150Hz | 229,4. |
| Ursa n 60 * | "Fayil-Chudovo" | Russia | 20-100 | 6001250. | 60. | 0.033 | 125 Allah-3.09; 500HZ- 0.53; 2000hz- 0.95 | 92.7 |
| Ursa p 45 * | "Fayil-Chudovo" | Russia | 20-60 | 6001250. | 45. | 0.034 | 125HAZ- 0.1; 500HZ- 0.64; 2000hz- 0.97 | 74,1 |
| ITover KT-11 * | Saint-Gobain | Finland, Poland, Russia | 50 da 100. | 12007000, 14000. | goma sha ɗaya | 0.041 | Rw lp - daga 40 zuwa 59Db | 26,4. |
| Isover kl-e * | Saint-Gobain | Finland, Russia | 50 da 100. | 1220565. | goma sha huɗu | 0.038. | Rw lp - daga 40 zuwa 59Db | 30.4 |
| Netover KL * | Saint-Gobain | Finland, Russia | 50 da 100. | 910610. | goma sha shida | 0.036 | Rw lp - daga 40 zuwa 59Db | 41.9 |
| Taya daga ciki * | Saint-Gobain | FINLAND | 30, 40, 50 | 1200600. | 85. | 0.033 | Rw np - 35-36Db, rw pd- 54-57db | 208.6 |
| Batattun abubuwa | Rockwool. | Dabbar Denmark | 50-200. | 1000600. | 35. | 0.036 | 125 Allah- 0.32; 1000hz- 0.93; 4000hz- 0.35-0.4 | 39.5 |
| * - saman kayan na fiberglass bai kamata ya ci gaba ba. Rw-rage sauti rufin index, dangane da ƙira: Rw lp- don haske bangare; Rw np- don manyan bene ne bene a kan benaye na monolithic; RW PD- A cikin zane na benaye akan katako na katako |
Sashe na II. Sautin sauti
Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a yi magana game da abin da aka hana ta hanyar cikawa (bango, rufi, bene) na sautin sauti da ke zuwa daga cikin ginshiƙan silma. Idan kayi amfani da ma'anar babban encyclopedia, to, karfin sauti ya kasance gwargwadon ƙarfinsu da kuma kasancewar da yawa porover ya zama aƙalla 75% ta girma. " Kamar yadda kuka sani, kayan gini na gidaje suna da rawar jiki mara kyau, saboda haka, kawai ba su yi magana game da ikon da suke so ba. Misali, kankare, bulo, therarications suna da saurin ɗaukar hoto game da 0.05, katako-0.1-0,15. Ganawar kayan cikin sharuddan sauti mafi kyau - ko da filogi yana da saurin ɗaukar sauti na 0.2, wannan shine, ban da bambanci sosai da itacen. A ƙarshe, sautin ɗaukar ƙoshin ƙwayoyin cuta yana kan matakin 0.2-0.25. Saboda haka, idan muna magana game da kayan sauti da tsari, to kawai na musamman ne. Za a sadaukar da wannan bangare na bita.Babban takamaiman yanki na kayan sauti wanda ganuwar buɗewar pores ta haifar da bayar da gudummawa ga canji mai aiki na sauti na sauti oscillation cikin thermal. Wannan yana faruwa saboda asarar tashin hankali. A saukake, girgizar sauti ya kamata sauƙin shigar da pores na kayan, sa oscillation na kwayoyin da kuma sakamakon fasahar da ke tattare da pore, ci gaba, juya zuwa zafi.
Ingancin sauti an kiyasta ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto mai kyau ga rabo daga yawan adadin raƙuman sauti da ke faɗuwa akan kayan kuzari. Mafi kyawun abin da ya fi dacewa da 0, amma kasa da 1.
Abubuwan sauti masu sauti suna da fibrous, hatsi ko selular sel kuma sun kasu kashi bisa ga matsayin wuya: mai laushi, Semi-m, m.
Ana yin kayan sauti mai taushi-mai kyau bisa ga ulu na ma'adinai ko fiberglass. Litattafan sun haɗa da matsi ko kuma Rolls tare da nauyin faɗaɗa sama zuwa kilogiram 70 / m3 da sauti mai ƙarfi daga 0.7 zuwa 0.95. Muna da rukuni na irin wannan rukunin da aka yi amfani da shi da sauti mai tsayi, kamar ulu auduga, da sauransu.
Abubuwan da ke cikin kayan kwalliya sun haɗa da faranti na gyaran ulu tare da babban taro daga 80 zuwa 130kg / M3 da sautin sauti mai kyau na kimanin 0.5-0.75. Muna da rukuni na kayan sauti wanda ke da tsarin salula - kumfa na polysthane, polystyrene kumfa ce.p.
Manyan kayan masarufi suna da babban taro na 300-400kg / M3 da sautin murya mai kyau na game da 0.5. Samar a kan tushen granular ko dakatar da ma'adinai na ma'adinai. Guda ɗaya ya haɗa da kayan, wanda ya haɗa da layin ƙasa mai tarin yawa - perlite perlite, vermiculite, pumice.
A zahiri, a cikin dakuna cikin gida dangane da rage asarar sarari sarari, ya fi riba don amfani da kayan tare da matsakaicin sauti mai sauƙi, shine, taushi. Kasuwancin zamani ne ke ba su sosai a matsayin sauti na sauti. Waɗannan kayayyaki ne da aka yi da kamfanonin FiberGlass Saint-Gobain Autover (Finland, Poland-Chandwool kamfanon (Denmark), Paroc (Finland). Ana amfani da irin waɗannan kayan don rufin ginin tsarin gini (zaku iya karanta ƙarin game da wannan a cikin labarin "
Jin daɗin gidanka. "). Amfanin nishaɗin waɗannan samfuran, ban da babban kayan sauti, juriya da kwari da kwari ba su shigo da su ba.
Haka kuma kayan aikin, amma ba a yi niyya ne ga Universal ba, amma ga musamman amfani da ma'adinai slay slack a kan asalin kayan BM "(Kamfanin" kayan aiki "). Ana iya amfani dasu azaman yanki na tsakiya a cikin zane-zane na sauti-farin ciki, bangare mai karewa daga kayan da aka warkarwa, da kuma wasu sauti mai nuna "iyo.
Rashin wadataccen kayan abu ne na kowa: suna buƙatar ƙarin rufewar farfajiya. Ana iya yin wannan, alal misali, tare da busasshen bushewa, amma to zai iya nuna sauti da tasirin sauti na sha ɗaya kawai ba zai yi aiki ba. Don haka ya fi kyau rufe farfajiya tare da zane ko allon da aka yi.
An hana ƙarancin ƙarancin kayayyaki da ƙira. A cikin mafi muni, suna buƙatar albashi ne ko zanen, suna shirye don amfani da kai nan da nan bayan shigarwa. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa waɗannan kayan aikin wuta ne mai tsauri, masu aminci da tsabta, suma suna kyau. Yawan ya kamata a danganta:
Citishings mai ban sha'awa da kuma bangarorin ECOPHON da aka kera su ta hanyar masana'antu biyu: Ecophon a Sweden da Icophon ya canza alama (a nan Ecophon Brand ya canza alamar AKSTO a baya). Muna tunanin, na dogon lokaci don magana game da kaddarorin waɗannan samfuran babu buƙata - ana wadatar da su ga kasuwarmu har tsawon lokaci. Bari kawai mu faɗi cewa kayan samar da birnin sun kasance duka biyu kuma sun kasance "ɗan sauki". Amma farashin da yake a gare su. An rufe fushin fuska da gilashi. Yankin samfuran Sweden suna da fadi sosai: Anan zaka iya nemo madaidaicin madaidaicin gefuna (gami da ba ku damar sanya tsarin dakatarwa gaba daya) da kuma curvilinear, cocin haske. Koyaya, bari hotunan su gaya game da zanen mai damar. Fuskokin fuska yana sanye da haɗin kai na AKUTEX T, gaba ɗaya baya hana shigar azzakari da sauti a cikin kwamiti har ma da babban tunani da kuma yawan watsawa da ƙima.
Plese Gyesum Sauti-Surding-PPG masana'antu da KnAUF (Russia). Bayyanar su, ba shakka, ya fi sauƙi fiye da samfuran alakar Ecophon, amma farashin ya fi araha.
Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin ya kera shi. Polyester polyesterera cantut tare da polyurehane shafi. Bayan haka, ya ɓoye Layer na Ma'adanai na ma'adinai-abun da aka yanka "shumannet-BM", gyarawa akan daskararren hannu. Za a iya ɗaukar sautin sauti irin wannan rufin yana da ƙasa da na samfuran ECOPHON, amma ba shi da kera guda a farfajiya.
Bangarori saundlx (kayan aiki mai ban dariya da fasaha ") tare da gidajen ƙarfe wanda aka karkatar da su, ciki wanne faratawarku" Shumane ". Babban fa'idodi ne banfun ban mamaki, da "anti-vandality" na gaban farfajiya ba tare da lalata kaddarorin koli ba.
Masana'antun mapyil (Mappy, Italiya). Matsa daga Foamed Polyamide (roba roba). Gefen baya yana da santsi, waje yana da pyramidal, kalaman ko bayanin martaba na trapezoid, wanda ke ƙaruwa da kayan kwalliya na bangarori.
Sonaski ya fesa sutturar gashi (fasahar Amurka da kayan aiki). Wannan rikice-rikit rikitarwa ne ya ƙunshi 'yan fashi na sakandare, masu alaƙa, impregnations na musamman da ƙari na musamman. An cire haɗin gwiwar ta amfani da shigarwa na musamman. Yawan kauri daga cikin filastar kayan plaster "a karkashin mayafi" - daga 2 zuwa 4 cm. Abu na tattalin arziƙi. Yana da amfani musamman amfani akan hadaddun geometric saman, wato inda ba a zartar ba.
A ina zan sanya jakar sauti?
Lokacin shigar da tsarin sitiriyo na zamani, wanda aka sanya ginshiƙai gaba, a gefe da na baya (misali, tsarin da aka kewaye), Dolby kewaya Sauti-with da sauti mai gyara). Amma ba lallai ba ne don yin ƙoƙari don bayyana ƙwararru, "a cikakken nutsuwa da ɗakin" (shine, gaba ɗaya rufe bangon sauti) - a cikin irin wannan dakin ba zai yuwu a cimma kwanciyar hankali ba. Misali, in babu wani m whonogram, shiru zai zama kawai "ringing" a nan, da irin wannan shiru, kamar yadda muka gano, kawai ba a amfani da mutumin da.
Sashe na III. Amo
Tabbas mai karanta mai karatu ya riga ya lura cewa sauti iri ɗaya ne Phenomon Muna kira daban: wannan sauti, amo. Avse gaskiyar ita ce cewa layin tsakanin waɗannan ra'ayoyin guda biyu suna da matukar muhimmanci. Ga kowannenmu, sautin abu ne wanda bayanin mai amfani yake a yanzu (sai dai idan, ikon wannan sautin bai wuce iyaka ba). Ashum shi ne gaskiyar cewa a yanzu bayani bayani ba. Ba a sani ba? Bayyana sauki. Kuna kallon fim ɗin a cikin sinima na gida tare da matakin sauti na 70DBA da more rayuwa. Abin da kuke saurare shi ne sauti. AB lokaci ne a daki na gaba. Dokar mahaifiyar ku tana ƙoƙarin karanta littafin (da kyau, ba na son fim ɗin da kuke kallo). Don haka, me ya zo ta bangon hayaniya. AESley a cikin wani daki shine yaranku tare da angina da yanayin zafi? A bayyane yake cewa kuna buƙatar yin nadama (makwabta ba sa ambata). Kuma, yana nufin cewa muna tare da ku lokacin yin magana game da raƙuman sauti, bayan duk, waɗanda waɗanda suka shude ta hanyar shinge (bango, rufin bene, kuma a lokaci guda sautin da ke kunne shi daga waje. Wannan shine, game da amo da amo na amo, mafi daidai, rufin sauti.Sauti
Theakin daga cikin iska, wanda aka kirkira kai tsaye cikin iska a kowane tushe (hira, sake sharewa), da kuma faɗakarwar, a kan overlapping), wanda suke gudu, gudu ko (yi kar a ba Allah!) Tsallake. Idan hayaniyar gyara, wanda ke tafiya a bene na goma sha biyu, wannan shi ne abin da ake kira "hayaniyar", wanda ya ƙaru ga abubuwan ƙirar ginin. Me yasa kuke buƙatar magana game da duk nau'ikan amo guda uku da kuma dacewa da su rufin amo? Idan ka kalli fim tare da girman matakin "mai kyau", wataƙila ba za ku ji yadda a cikin ɗakin na gaba matata ya kunna wannan hayaniya (amma ba gaskiyar matar ta juya ba A TV, sautin cinema zai ji tsayawa). Da kyau, kuma saman maƙwabta ko kuma sauti na rawar soja daga saman bene za ku ji dole.
Zai cancanci farawa da gaskiyar cewa ƙarfin sauti ba halayyar kayan abu guda ba (kankare, tubali, gilashi, gilashi, gilashi, gilashin da aka yi da wannan kayan.) Me yasa? Da farko dai, saboda yana tsaye a cikin kowane tsari don bayyana ɗan ƙaramin rami ko fasa, a matsayin duk ƙoƙarin don sauya wuraren da za a yi zamba - na waje suna cika ɗakin. Wato, sautin kayan haɗin sauti na ƙira zuwa babban gwargwadon yadda ya dogara da ingancin masana'anta. Amma kuma daga kayan daga abin da ake yi, shima ya dogara. Misali, daga kankare, ƙirar sauti ya fi sauƙi halittar halitta fiye da, bari mu faɗi, daga ulu, duk da kyakkyawan kayan kwalliya. Yanke bango kawai Mala taro. Menene taro? Bari mu tantance shi.
Bari mu fara da ternology. Sharuɗɗan "Sharuɗɗan sauti" da "rufin sauti" a kallon farko suna da kama. Amma kawai na farko. Matsalar ɗaukar sauti shine kawar da amo a cikin ɗakin da ya bayyana. A saukake, wannan shine aikin hayaniyar sha'awa, kada ku bar shi ya zama tunani daga matsalar baya akwai riga. Aikin rufin sauti ba don ba da damar amo don wucewa ta bangon ɗakin ba. Kuma hakan yasa shi yafi ta tunani. A sakamakon haka, kayan don magance waɗannan ayyuka daban-daban ana buƙatarsu daban. AB ya kirkiri da ƙirar kariya don haka duka waɗanda suke halarta a halarta.
Idan ka gina karamin "gidan" daga bangarorin ECOPHON, tashi a tsakiyar shi kuma kuyi ihu da ƙarfi, sannan kukan da kuka yi daidai, to, kun yi kururuwa ku ji fannonin sha. Avoro mutum yana tsaye kusa da "gidan", kuka ji, bari ƙafar da aka raunana, amma za a bar sauti. Amma idan kuka gina mazaunin kankare, to hoton zai kasance madaidaiciyafrewa - mutum yana tsaye a waje, muryarku ba zai ji ba, kuma za ku iya kwance abin da yake kunnuwa saboda tunaninsa daga bangonsa. Dalilin shi ne cewa karfin ginin tsarin ya ƙayyade da farko ta bangon bango, mafi wuya ga ɓoyewa. Kuma tsoffin gine-gine tare da bango mai nauyi da kuma overlaps kyawawan tabbaci ne na sautin sauti a cikin irin wannan gida ne kawai na musamman.
Da alama komai ya bayyana sarai: wajibi ne don yin ganuwar kamar kauri kamar yadda zai yiwu. Amma ba shi yiwuwa a cika shi, kuma ba shi da amfani. Ba zai yiwu ba saboda za a sami masani, nauyin tsarin, nauyin akan harsashin ginin. Ba daidai ba ne, saboda dogaro da murfin murhu na bango daga kauri yana da kauri ta sau 2 yana haifar da ingantacciyar hanyar rufin da kawai 5-6db. Wannan, hakika, ƙimar m, amma ... kamar yadda suke faɗi, ba shi da daraja mai hita. Kuma ba za ku dakatar da maƙwabta su ji ba, yana nufin ku ji hayaniyar ta fi gaban, aƙalla 10-15DB). Abubuwan fitarwa shine ƙirƙirar ko kuma samo ƙirar sauti na shirye-shiryen.
A kan ƙirƙirar tsarin sauti da kayan da ake buƙata don wannan, mujallar mu ta riga ya rubuta daki-daki kuma akai-akai (alal misali, a cikin labaran "
Gypsum + katin = gyara ya ciyar ","
Asirin gidan mai shiru ","
Roman tare da plasterboard "). Zai iya zama a cikin buhun ƙasa da aka yi da fibrous na iya amfani da hayaniya da kuma ƙetare Iyakar gidan ku, kuma faɗo a ciki daga maƙwabta -, 4Db kuma, ba shi da inganci, amma yankin "ci" yana da yawa sosai. Mafi inganci shine amfani da bangarori masu yawa, wanda "wuya "(Brywall, Grywer) da" laushi "(Sauti mai laushi) yadudduka mai sauƙi ne: irin wannan kwamiti tare da ƙananan asarar yankin ya ba da damar ku yi wasa fiye da 6, kuma 10-13db. An haɗa shi a cikin misalin, muna ba da kayan ɓarna da fasaho mai laushi wanda zai iya zama daidai da biyu da biyu. Bugu da ƙari, da An saka panel zuwa bango (ba tare da ƙarin firam!) H Yerez abin da ake kira mai rawar jiki-infulate nodes (8 nodes a kan kowane kwamiti), wanda ya inganta ikon sauti.
Yanzu game da amo. Mafi rahusa (amma ba mafi inganci ba) don guje wa rawar gani, wanda za'a haife shi a cikin gidan ku, amma don ji a cikin na gaba, - saka a bene kafet. Idan muka yi magana game da matakan da suka haifar, to, don tabbatar da rashin matsalar hutawa, kauri daga karfafa kankare ya kamata ya zama kusan 1m. A bayyane yake cewa ƙirƙirar pold na irin wannan kaurin kauri ne kawai ba gaskiya bane. Kuma za a sami zane mai zurfi da yawa, wanda ya kunshi rufin gidaje, gas-sha mai ɗaukar hoto da kuma ƙayyadaddiyar fuska mai nauyin 80-120kg / M2. Wannan shi ne irin wannan aikin puff da aka aiwatar a cikin wuraren da manyan gidaje-storey-Khrushchov. Gaskiya ne, an yi masa ido "da himma", da kuma lokacin farin ciki farantin farantin.
Yanzu akan siyarwa akwai kayan "kwanciya". Misali, "Blolester" "shumannet-100" tare da bitumen mai gefe ɗaya ko kuma "farantin-c2" mai amo daga ƙanshin firam. Saboda haka, "shumanet-100" kauri daga cikin 50mm lokacin farin ciki 6mm lokacin farin ciki, rage matakin tasirin 5 na mm ("Shummn-100c") - by 27DB. "Shoystock-C2" kauri daga 20mm zai rage amo don duka 42db. Irin wannan bene yana buƙatar yin "iyo" - wani Layer na screed bai kamata ya taɓa bangon ba don gujewa bangon "gadoji", bisa ga abin da sauti yake iya wucewa ƙasa. A saboda wannan, "an fara" Gasket "a jikin bangon kusa da gefen dakin (tabbatar da bin wannan lokacin shigar!). Bugu da kari, a karkashin m bene, yana yiwuwa a sanya zanen abin toshe kwalaba (da zai shafi daidai ga infulation na amo, amma ba iska ba) ko kowane abu na roba na roba, wanda zai fi karuwa kariya daga hayaniya.
Amma ku tuna cewa irin wannan "mai iyo" yana karewa kawai daga hayaniyar rawar jiki, amma daga hayaniyar iska, wanda zai shiga cikin ƙasa, yana ceton da mugunta. Kuma yana nufin cewa har yanzu yana iya zama dole a sa Layer abu mai kyau-mai ɗaukar abu mai kauri tare da kauri akalla 50mm da na'urar da ta kwace ta. Sannan amo na iska zai iya wasa Delibel 8, amma matakin bene zai tashi sosai.
A cikin gidana, kai, hakika, irin wannan zane mai yawa na iya haifar da inganci sosai, amma menene game da maƙwabcin da ke sama? Bai waji shi da sake gina gidansa ba kuma ya shirya "iyo" bene, kuma a sakamakon zaku ji kowane mataki a cikin Apartment. Duk wani dakatarwar da aka dakatar yana da ikon rufin sauti, wannan Ecophon iri ɗaya, kawai tsakanin shi da karfafa kankare da zai iya zama isasshen sauti. Matsakaicin shari'ou suna halatta don amfani da bangarorin ziba iri ɗaya. Gaskiya ne, matakin nunin rawar jiki zai rage yawan Delibellel a kan rufin rufin sauti a kan wannan shirin ƙasa da iko daga maƙwabta. Amma daga hayaniyar iska yana kare daidai.
Yaƙi da amo na tsinkaye, yana yin famfo, injin lantarki, magoya baya da sauran na'urori masu kama, har ma mafi rikitarwa. Zaka iya, ba shakka, gwada dabaru iri ɗaya da za a magance amo na iska, amma babu garantin nasarar waɗannan matakan. Ingancin yana haifar da haɗakar amo mai tsari, shigarwa mai dacewa da mafi yawan kayan aiki, amfani da lambobin gida da kuma abubuwan da suka dace. Misali, ya kamata dakin dakuna ya zama gwargwadon yiwuwar yiwuwar daga mai daukar hoto. Ko tattara duk kayan aiki a cikin ɗakin sauti na daban, wanda zai iya zuwa yadda zai yiwu daga yankin yankin (ta halitta, idan ya zo gidanka).
Ƙofofin
Wataƙila abin da ya gabata kuna buƙatar tattauna sune launuka ƙafdar ƙofofin. Bari mu fara da cewa gilashin zamani, filastik da masu ƙoshin m suka tattara daga bangarori biyu, ana jinkirta sauti. Hatta bangarori na salula daga fibrodone a cikin su kamar yadda sauti yake ɗaukar ƙofofin ba su taimaka ƙofofin m. Kyakkyawan sauti da kayan maye-masu maye suna da ƙofofin ƙofofin kawai (a nan kamar bango: mafi kyawun ƙofar, mafi kyawu shi yana nuna sauti). Ko da mafi kyau, babban amo na musamman yana iya sarrafa samfuran.Sautin sauti da hatims a gefen ƙofar na iya inganta sauti. Kadari shine mafi yawan gwargwadon shigarwa zai inganta shigarwa kofofin biyu tare da juna. Kuma nisan da nisanci a tsakaninsu, mafi kyau. Da kyau sosai a rufe bangon a cikin tazara tsakanin kofofin kayan sauti-masu ɗaukar abubuwa.
Da kyau, menene ya kamata in yi idan kun canza komai don shigar da ƙofar data kasance? A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don sautin bango a gaban ƙofar. Kuma a sa'an nan a cikin dakin da yake inda yake a baya wannan bango, zai zama da yawa shieter.
Epilogue
Wannan watakila duk abin da za mu yi magana game da sauti, amo da kuma matsalolin rufewa. Muna fatan da gaske fatan wannan labarin zai zama da amfani ba kawai ga waɗanda suka yanke shawara game da shi ba, amma ga waɗanda ba su ma yi tunanin matsalolin jabu. Muna tsoron daya ne. Munyi kokarin ba da labarin matsalolin Acoustic tare da yare mai sauƙi da araha. Amma wannan baya nufin zaku iya magance su kamar sauki da sauƙi. Haka ne, a kanta, ta amfani, alal misali, shawarwari masu amfani da ke sauti a cikin wannan bita. Komai na iya zama da yawa rikitarwa fiye da yadda kuke zato, da ayyukan da kuke yi na iya zama mara amfani. Saboda haka, bari kanka ba ku shawara ta ƙarshe. Kira ƙwararren masani (kamfanoni waɗanda ke ba da irin waɗannan ayyukan tuni sun riga sun yi yawa). Akwai irin wannan kalubale, ba shakka, ba musamman daɗaɗa 1000 rubles. Amma kai tsaye ka samu aiki mai mahimmanci, ta yaya ake buƙatar yin shi kuma a cikin ma'anar hakan zai iya zuba. Lallai halin da ke da 'yanci masu zaman kansu suna iya buƙatar babban farashi mai yawa.
Halaye na fasaha da ɗakunan kayan maye
| Alama. | Kafuwar | Shafi | Yawan daidaitattun launuka | Girman, mm. | Nauyi | Sautin Sautin Sauti | Farashin, / m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faranti "shuni aet-bm" | Ma'anar ulu | - | ɗaya | 100060050. | 35 kg / m3 | 0.9 | 3.5 |
| Yin bidiyo mai launi mai ban sha'awa "vibrosil-e" | Fiberglass | - | Farin launi | Aryara yalwaci 920. | Tsarin ƙasa 780 kg / m2 | Rage rawar rawar amo Aƙalla 27DB | Daga 3. |
| Isover-Ecophon Ceilings | Fiberglass | Poklovoyal | huɗu | 600600 da 6001200, kauri 15, 20 da 30 | 1.3-1.9 KG / M2 | 0.85-0.9 | 7-11 |
| Ecophon a | Fiberglass | Fiberglass | 7. | 600600/1200/1600/1800/2000/2000, 12001200, kauri 15, 20 da 40 | 1.3-2.5 kilogiram / m2 | 0.9-0.95 | 11-39 |
| Bangarori na pocoophon | Fiberglass | Akutex na musamman da, fiberglass raga, mightroof raga | 7. | 2700600/1200, kauri 40 | 5 kg / m2 | 0.9-0.95 | 27.7-66.7 |
| Faranti na ppgz | Ɗan jipsum | - | Farin launi | 59559510. | 7-8 kg / m2 | 0,62-0.87 | 6. |
| Cliutic shimfiɗa ceiling clipso | Kayan aikin picyester | Polyurehane | Farin launi | Nisa na 5100. | 240 g / m2 | 0.68 (tare da "shuknet-bm) | 50 (Turkey) |
| Bangel saundluxx | Fiberglass | Turiki | Duk wani tsarin karatun RA | 250036040. | 10 kg / m2 | 0.9 | 40 (Ba tare da tsarin sauri ba) |
| Mapasil bangarorin | Foamed polyamide | - | Alama | 10001000/2000 | 30 kg / m3 | 0.55 | Daga 7. |
| Sonaske fereated shafi | Fiber celckamoic fiber | - | 6. | Kauri 15-40. | - | Har zuwa 1. | Daga 12 (juji) |
Jirgin edita na gode da kamfanin "kayan masarufi", Roomwool-Chudender, Saintwer-Chudovo na taimako a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan.