A duniya a cikin minti 30

Aiki da hasken kayan ado. Bari mu tattauna mafi kyawun ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa na LED, kuma mafi mahimmanci - zamuyi kokarin kauce wa kurakurai na yau da kullun.

B. Dan Kasada, V. Terzhakin, Hoto D. Colshsasa.

Wahayin da ke tunani mai zurfi na Niche ya juya ɗayan daidaitattun abubuwa ba kawai cikin launi da salo ba, har ma a cikin nunin nune-nunin

Lilfin lantarki na lantarki T.Adison da wutar lantarki na lantarki V. bel

Lantarki na lantarki a.n. Lodigina

Lillin Interandescent fitilar A.n. Lodina da V.f. Ditrichson

Architect A.deva, hoto na Shablovsky.

Tasirin tasirin eavelated eaives nuna zane na gargajiyar masana'anta kuma yana ƙara hasken rana har ma da kwana na girgije

Archentos V. Chelnokov, Markov, V. Stargov, hoto M.stepanova.

Babban-Tek-Tek-Tek-Tek-Tekun bishiyoyi suna taushi da ƙarancin hasken baya, ƙirƙira hasken wuta

Architect A. Deletzaeva, Hoto D.Sshivsky.

Wuri mai dadi tare da madaidaicin madubi da fitilar bango guda biyu - misali ba wai kawai nasara amfani da sarari ba, har ma yana da amfani mai amfani

Architect V. Skardana, Hoton V.nepledov. Alamar sabon abu na rufin da sarari mai laushi - nasara "Cocktail" ga gidan cin abinci

Architect A. Pevnev, hoto M.stepanova. Ba wani fitilar al'ada ba tare da farin fitilu don ƙaramin ɗan lokaci kaɗan - sigar nasara

Architect A.lulkov, Hoto M.stepanova.

Luminaires da Backlit EAves a cikin Corridor ya nuna yanayin da aka samu da gani

Architect O.Sokolova, hoto v.nepledov. Romantic Baldhinhin A karkashin "tauraron tauraron tauraro" ya kafa don hanyar soyayya da kuma ganin kyakkyawan mafarki

Architet T. Aorlova, Hoto V.Nafledov. Shaida ta zurfin zurfin da dabara yanayin ƙasa ya dogara ne da yawa akan madaidaicin wuri da walwala. Hoton ya zama ba kawai tabo ba, amma kusan "dangi"

Architect A.deva, hoto na Shablovsky. Wannan gidan wanka da alama ce da templess saboda tsananin jiragen sama da rhythmic layuka na rufin fitilu, kodayake akwai "mafarki mai haske"

Duk wani Bugb an tsara shi don ba da haske. Mai haske ko muryoyi, mai dumi ko sanyi, yana taimaka mana mu ba mu bayyanar ciki da kowane mutumity.

Ba a san wannan ba ...

... da aka kirkiro hasken wutar lantarki. Wadanda suka yi jayayya sosai cewa Masarawa da suka lalace sun kasance suna jin cewa fitilun fitila. Ka ce, akwai kyakkyawar hujja, an gano a 1969. A kan m-sauƙin na tsohuwar cocin Masar na Bahar Haro mai Bado, wanda ke kusa da birnin Mahim. Hanyoyin launi mai launi tare da macizai a ciki ba komai bane face fitilu da wani abu na tafiyar da irin wannan nau'in inticate. Suna dogaro ne da tsaunukan musamman wadanda za'a iya fassara su a madadin yadda masu inshora suka yi. Asubtile budurwa, rarrabuwa tare da dangi guda biyu, kamar dai alama alama ce ta chopper. Da gaske zai iya zama.

Plutarch ya ambata fitilar, wanda ya ƙone ƙofar Haikalin Jupita Ammon na ƙarni. Da sauri, tushen haske, wanda ya kasance a cikin garin Gerapolis (wanda), a kan mutum-mutumi na ger, ya rubuta Sat Ex Lucian (120- Ok. Shekaru 190. N. E. E.).

An san cewa ...

... Haske wutar fitila ba ta zo da Ilyich ba, amma masanin kimiyyar Rasha Nikolaevich Lododin. Ya shigar da aikace-aikacen don ƙirƙirarsa a cikin 1872, kuma a cikin 1874. Samu patent. Labaran fitila da suka fara aiki 30-40, masu gyara na biyo baya aiki har zuwa 700-1000. B1873g. Titin St. Petersburg ya riga ya haskaka fitilar lafiya a amince. Wani karin kwalliyar jiragen sama na Rasha a.m. Chotinsky, kasancewa kan tafiya ta kasuwanci zuwa Amurka, ya nuna samfuran waɗannan fitilu Edison. Ya yi canje-canje masu mahimmanci (cirbrodge, tushe tare da yankan, da sauransu), gudanar da gwaje-gwaje kuma sun fasa su a cikin 1879. Samfurin da aka gyara da aka yi aiki na kwana biyu (nesa shine samun wasu 'yan ɗari da ɗari na sabis). Tare da duk girman kai na raɗaɗi, dangane da abokin aiki na Rasha ya shiga lamiri, yana nuna a aikace-aikacen, wanda ya yi ikirarin kawai don "haɓaka haske".

Dangane da zaren incandescccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccle an rufe murfin rufe da aka rufe da kwal da aka fara amfani da shi. Zasu iya haske a cikin awanni arba'in. Amma da toron Edison ya ci gaba da bambance-bambancen carbon-dauke da abubuwa, abinci, resin, kuma ya fito, babu kadan, kusan nau'ikan fiber na kayan lambu dubu shida. Na yi nasara, a sakamakon haka, bamboo (wanda aka yi akwati na Jafananci). Amma dabino na rashin daidaituwa na Championship a cikin Tolframp da aka gabatar ta hanyar sihiri.

An ƙirƙira wutar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta lantarki a cikin 1875. Peter Nikolayevich Apple. An kira shi da alama da ake kira fitila mai lantarki. Na'urar ba ta da gilashin wuta, da kuma tsayawa a tsaye a tsaye ta ƙare tare da wani luminus reshe na gaske sun yi kama da kyandir. Calal ɗin sun kasance a cikin layi daya ga juna kuma sun rabu da wani Layer of Kaolin (infulate abu).

Wani kuma sanannen fitilar wutar lantarki wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin lokacinta a shekara ta 1897. Jamus mai binciken Jamus Walter. Ya yi amfani da shi azaman kashi na ɓoye cakuda Zircta da alatu elt othides, wanda ake kira "taro na ernst". Wutar yanzu ta wuce ta cikin sanduna daga wannan kayan, mai tsanani da farin cation.

Kuma a ƙarshe, kowace makaranta sanannu ne cewa ...

... Haske wutar fitila ta ƙunshi silinda na Gilashin Hermem, masu ƙyamar Helix da kewayen kanta. Karkace an yi shi ne da tungsten, inda ya narke wanda yake 3410c. Wani muhimmin yanki na tungssten yana da matukar filastik. Daga cikin 1 kilogiram na wannan kayan, yana juya kusan waya 4KM. An yi mai riƙe da mai riƙe da Molybdenum, wanda ba shi da lagging a baya na tungsten a cikin kulawa. Abin da kuma kyakkyawa a cikin Molybdenum, shi ne musamman kananan ƙarancin layi. A lokacin da dumama, molybdenum yana ƙaruwa a cikin girman har da gilashi, don ba crack da matsanancin fitilar ba.

Rayuwa ba rayuwa ce? Wannan shine tambayar ...

Dalibin cikin ciki ya amsa wa Allah da hankali. Wani yana jin tsoron rayuwarta, wani ya rikita ta hanyar gano goga don tsabtace gilashin.

Haɗaɗin dabarun fitilu a cikin mazauna suna da wannan. Kashewar chandelier a cikin falo anan rataye a tsakiyar rufin. Tsawon yadda aka dakatar da aka yi amfani da shi gwargwadon "Luminous" aiki. Dancing da sashen Sadarwar Sadarwa sun buƙaci haɓakawa na chandelier; Trapeza mai zurfi - ƙananan wuri. Don "Tattaunawa don bukatun", an yi amfani da alamun, haskaka kowane irin sofas da sofas, kujeru da kujeru da kujeru. Verabes da Baora, fitilun tebur sun kafa masu mallakar kan kasuwanci ko shakatawa. Har yanzu akwai shan sigari, biliyan, da sauransu. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ɗakunan suna da wani dalili, gwargwadon abin da aka zaɓa fitayen. Low-dakatar da duk kofin Layily Uwargila mai haske daga cikin ciki, kawai haskakawa kawai, katunan da hannayen 'yan wasa (har da sun yi amfani da kyandir mai kyau.

Lumininire ya kasance a cikin dakin lissafi (Iradoved) a kan filin wasa na tebur a wani yanki na 100-90 cm. An haɗe shi da sandar kwance (daga biyu zuwa shida, dangane da girman na tebur). Ananan Sconies masu wadatar da aka haskaka wa 'yan wasa, Mazauna Kiv da sauran halayen.

Karatun ɗakin karatu ya kamata ya sabawa ta wanda ya kai ta da hayacciyar hanya, ba ta bambanta da rashin haƙuri ba. An kira shi ne don bauta mai tsauri, amma mai sofas da baki. An cinye su, kuma suna haskaka kusurwar aiki don nuna hasken daidai. Bookssu da kansu suna cikin rabin zuciya, domin Littafin yawan mai yawa baya so.

Kuma menene ya canza tun daga nan?

Idan ka yi kyau, ya canza abubuwa da yawa. ILAMs ba su da irin fitilun fitilu sun fi a cikin zamanin da. Amma da yawa suna bin hanyar ra'ayin mazan jiya da za a yi rashin haske. Dole ne aano dole ne ya zama mai sassauƙa, mai motsi da kuma bambancin ra'ayi. Zai fi dacewa, idan ya haɗu da kwanciyar hankali da haske mai haske, madaidaiciya kuma nuna, monochrome da polychromic. Anan akwai wasu nasihu wanda zai iya zama da amfani ga waɗanda suke neman halayyar da ba ta haihuwa ba.

1. Don kananan dakuna bango kayan ado kayan ado tare da kyawawan abubuwan da suka dace. Toara zuwa wannan iyakar hasken - Willow ya fadada sararin samaniya (dakatar da, gani).
2. Abun fi so da yawa daga fitiloli tare da tsakiyar rufin, akasin haka, an kankare dakin.
3. Wani abu kuma don saukin girma. Sanya fitilun directed a sama. Da rufin a zahiri "mafi munin" a cikin haskoki.
4. Avot don rage yawan ɗakunan da ya wuce gona da iri na iya amfani da hanyoyin da ke haskaka ganuwar, barin rufin a cikin inuwa.
5. Don canjin gani, yi amfani da wanda zai baka damar canza hasken tushen hasken kuma, yana nufin, hasken da yake gurbataccen daga kasan, bangon da rufi.
6. Wani kunkuntar ƙofar zai gode wa kokarinka idan ka sanya fitilun tare da ɗayan ganuwarsa. Dakin zai zama yafi da abokantaka.
7. Wannan sakamako za'a iya cimma ta hanyar kunna bango a ƙarshen farfajiyar.
8. Dogon kulle zai iya zama "datsa" tare da haske mai haske mai haske.
9. Don zurfafa hangen nesa na farfajiyar zai taimaka wa mai santsi daidai nau'in luminaires a kan rufi.

Abubuwan bushewa

Light na ciki na iya zama mai aiki da kayan ado. Aiki, bi, ya kasu kashi babban (Janar) da ƙarin (na gida). Babban ya hada da baya da manufa. M zai bayyana kowane ɗayan waɗannan sharuɗɗan. Haske mai aiki yana samar da rafi mai dacewa da matsayin gaba ɗaya na ɗakin. A saboda wannan, chandeliers da gin ginannun fitilu ana amfani da su. Dukkanin fitattun fitilar waje da bayyanar fitilar, hasken wutar fitila suna nufin fitar da ƙarin hasken. Haske na baya yana ba ku damar ba da haske sosai, yana kiyaye motsi a kai, tsaftacewa, da sauransu. Anan ne ya dace rufin fitilu, bango da fitilu da katako wanda aka bayyana daga bangon da rufi. Wutar da aka yi amfani da ita mai haske itace madaidaiciya cizo, dacewa ga wasu nau'ikan aikin (dinka, dafa abinci, yana yin jita-jita, da sauransu). Tom Kuyi aiki da dukkan fitilu na shugabanci, gado mai sofa, mai duhu mai haske mai haske, rufe fitilun fitila tare da yankan ramuka don jagorancin rafar haske. Haske na kayan ado zai ba da jim'aka ta ciki da mutum ɗaya. Juyin saitin da ya fi nasara da saiti na halin da ake ciki: Nici, m bene sandunan, sluly, wani sigar wasan hasken shine Wellios Welling na ganuwar da ke zama mai ban mamaki. Sosai zaɓaɓɓu (an riga an fi shahara) tsarin tare da "STAR SKY". Sun kunshi jagororin haske, masu aiki da tace haske. Duk zargin gilashin gilashi suna da kauri daban-daban da kuma nozzles daban. Haske na tace Disc tace a hankali, kuma ka tsauta wa rufin "taurari" canza launinsu. A yanayin halitta an kirkiri sihiri, mai ban sha'awa. Lantarki na Cokative, ba shakka, shima ya haɗa da kowane irin zane-zanen haske, ainihin tsire-tsire na ƙarya, ƙwararrun tsire-tsire, maɓuɓɓugan haske kamar yadda tsaro. Yana haifar da ra'ayin kewaye da cewa masu mallakar gidan, kuma suna hana mamayar rashin izini na gida.

Kuma yanzu shawarwarin ga waɗanda suka fi so su karɓi komai (ko mine) "kwalban ruwa". Mafi m, daga ra'ayi na ra'ayi, zaɓi mai kunna hasken shine don sanin tsarin gudanarwar. Kayan aikinsu sun bambanta kuma ba ku damar tabbatar da rufin da kuma ganuwar. Majiyoyin da ke cikin tayoyin suna sauƙaƙe canza hanyar katako da kuma wurin su. Wannan yana ba ku damar mai da hankali ga mafi yawan adadin haske a wani lokaci ko ƙirƙirar hasken rana, ajiye hanyoyin haske a wurare daban-daban wurare daban-daban wurare daban-daban wurare daban-daban wurare daban-daban na ɗakin. Kuma zaku iya canza matsayin lilinaieres gwargwadon iko. Da kyau sau ɗaya game da daskararru. Da zaran wani daki mai ban sha'awa ya juya zuwa wani wuri don tattaunawa mai nutsuwa.

Da kyau, lokaci yayi da za a sanya fitilun a cikin dakunan ku. Bari mu tattauna wasu ra'ayoyi mafi ban sha'awa. Agalvaya- zamuyi kokarin kauce wa kurakurai na yau da kullun.

Falo. A nan ne wajibi ne don tabbatar da isasshen matakin hasken baya (koda ana amfani da hasken gida). Yakamata ya taimaka wajen kauce wa inuwa mai zurfi a kusurwar nesa. Aikin yana haskaka - gabatar da dakin zama a cikin nasara (farati). Jaddada daurin ado da ke ado da sluly, zanen, nunawa tare da toran amerven, mai tsami. A magana da kyau da aka rufe a gefen labulen labulen. Yi amfani da na'urorin Helpical, Bayyanar fitilu masu ƙyalli, hasken rana tare da ƙananan fitilar tubular. Idan an hada dakin da aka hade tare da majalisar, dole ne ya sami tushen hasken gida. Daukar fitilu da kuma yayyafa don falo, fi son irin wannan a cikin abin da fitilu ko shambura ba a gani.

Dakin cin abinci. Mafi yawan lokuta ana haɗe shi tare da wani ɗakin zama ko dafa abinci. A lokaci guda, akwai mahimman "inuwar dangantaka". Babban abu shine don haskaka tebur, ba mai haske ba, amma ba ya yi yawa sosai. Za a buƙaci ko dai tazarar fitilar, ko daidai da hasken wuta. Haske na baya shine mafi kyawun sassauta. Buffet da kuma wurin da ake aiki da jita-jita, zaku iya zama yana iya zama tare da tarin, tushen haɗi na hasken wuta ko kuma rufe fitilun rufin.

Kitchen. Anan hasken yana aiki mafi kyau. Hasken bango yana da kyau, amma mafi mahimmanci, kar a bar manyan ayyuka a cikin duhu: farantin, rami da kuma sara da tebur. Hakanan ya dace da sanya fitilu a cikin sharuɗɗa (kabeji). A saboda wannan, kafofin kafofin sassauƙa sun dace, ana tsara su da kansa daban. Idan murhun yana sanye da cirewa, to mafi yawan lokuta ana hawa a ciki. Idan babu hoods, zaku iya amfani da hasken wutar lantarki. Kawai kula da ban da inuwa! Don haske jirage a ƙarƙashin kabad na hinged ko shelves, ya fi kyau a shigar da fitilar kintinkiri a kan bango dama a ƙarƙashin waɗannan ɗakunan. An gina shings da buɗe da aka buɗe da aka sake amfani da shi a cikin rufin, da ƙananan fitilu zasu iya saukarwa a cikin kabad na bene a lokacin da aka buɗe ƙofar ta atomatik. Idan kitchen yana da yanki mai cin abinci, dole ne a haskaka tebur a matsayin a cikin dakin cin abinci (duba). A lokaci guda, dole ne a rufe hasken wutar lantarki.

Gidan wanka. Ba ya jawo hankalin mutum musamman. Za'a iya ƙirƙirar hasken yanayi mai haske mai haske a cikin hanyoyin manyan abubuwa da yawa. Murror akan matattarar shima yana buƙatar haskakawa. Don aski ko wanke sauƙin bututu mai sauƙi. Amma idan ana amfani da madubi don amfani da kayan shafa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da fitilun da ba su da launuka waɗanda ba sa gurbata launuka. Iuboise: Duk fitilun a cikin gidan wanka dole ne su kasance hermetic, kariya daga yadudduka. An cire fitilun mai ɗaukakawa da kayan aikin waje. Yana da kyau a samar da a cikin wanka da ruhun a tsaye haske mai ladabi. Yanayi muna ba da shawarar shigar daga waje don kawar da yiwuwar ɗaukar hannayenku. Hakanan dole ne a kiyaye dukkan swites na ciki daga danshi.

Dakin kwana. Daya daga cikin wuraren wasan da suka dace don wasan da rabi. Bayan Fage Haske, wanda aka kirkiro tare da taimakon Sconce, Bedbe Bedbe, fitilu ko alama alama. Mai haske, amma ba ya rufe tushen haske a teburin miya. Amma kuna buƙatar tushen kyakkyawan haske, don dubawa na tufafi da lilin. Lamuni don karatu a gado yana da muhimmanci a shirya cewa suna rufe wa banda na tuddai, amma ba makwabta mai dadi ba. Zai fi kyau a sami sau biyu wucewa, kuma ɗayansu ya kamata ya kasance kusa da gado. Tsarin fitilun na iya zama da yawa sosai - daga fitilar fitila tare da rolver zuwa mafi yawan siffofin yau da kullun. Idan da kawai duk sun yi kyau ba kawai daga gado ba, amma daga kowane irin dakin.

Yara Haske a cikin yara da kuma magana ta musamman. Jariri yana buƙatar haske mai haske, amma ba tsafi mai kyau don wasan ba, hasken dare don barci mai kwanciyar hankali da hasken rana don canzawa mai canzawa, ado da bayan gida. Yaro yana buƙatar hasken wurin aiki. Bukatun a cikin hasken matasa ba su da yawa a duk abin da ya wuce. Baya ga tushen hasken wuta da kuma hasken aiki na rubutaccen teburin, ruwar saurayi ana iya cire shi da illa mai illa, jere daga fitilar kayan aiki da ƙarewa da sitiriyo.

Halls, matakala, matakala. Anan, an tsara saitin na'urorin haske a kuma a kuma haskaka sararin sarari don amincin mu. Zai fi kyau a aika da babban haske zuwa matakan don tashoshin sun zauna cikin inuwa, da kuma mai akasin haka, an bayyana shi mai haske. Fitilar kada ta tsoma baki tare da motsi. Haske na layin dogo don gyara da sauyawa.

Bayanan kula a filayen. Yawan hasken da ake ciki ana auna shi a cikin Lumumens (LM). Ma'anar ta zahiri irin wannan rukunin na ma'auni, kamar lumen, don mai ƙwarewa yana da rikitarwa. Mun kawai ambaci cewa a cikin tsari don lissafin fitilar haske da ake buƙata sun haɗa da waɗannan ƙimar da ke gudana na ido da kuma m, a cikin denominator tare da adadin da ke nuna daidai. Amma ga al'ada mai haske, an auna ta cikin suites (LC) kuma an ƙaddara ta hanyar rarraba ɓarnar luminous akan ɗakin ɗakin (LM / M2). Misali, ga masu kawuna, yawan haske shine 75LK, don zauren-100kk, don yankin aiki - daga 300 zuwa 500 lk. Sauraron yankin aiki, da dabara ita ce cewa haske ya dogara da nau'in aikin. Bari mu ce agogo, ana buƙatar kayan ado ko kayan ado ko kayan ado ko kuma don karatu da rubutu da rubutu mai adalci 300Lk.

A launi, hasken ya kasu zuwa "dumi" da "sanyi". Wadannan kadarorin suna da alaƙa da zafin jiki na haske, yanayin launi na na'urar hasken, kazalika da launi da kuma irin nunawa. Fellaper bangon waya, canza launin launi sanya madaidaiciyar haske mai laushi (difuse).

A cikin ƙirar masu hulɗa, ana amfani da kowane nau'in kwarara mai gudana a sarari:

1. Haske. Rukunin wuta ya fito daga aya - a kan rufin, bango ko bene. Haske na Batun yana jagorantar kuma bashi da jagora, gwargwadon dalilin fitilar. Misali, lokacin da ke ci gaba da fitilar tebur, babban ƙoƙarin masu zanen kaya suna mai da hankali kan ƙungiyar daidaitaccen haske.
2. Haske kai tsaye hasken fitilun tare da babban mai haske mai haske (ya dogara da fitilar).
3. Ya haskaka haske. Naniyya, mafi muni. Abin da ya sa yake a cikin mafi yawan Luminaires na zamani saka masu tunani. Fuskokin haske daga fitilar da aka fara jefar da shi daga rufin sannan sannan aka watsawa.

Madubai. Sun "bayyana" katanga, "Aga" rufin, "ƙetare" bene. Sanya a kan juna, na iya ƙirƙirar farfajiyar madubi. Don dacewa, ya haskaka madubai. Idan kai ne ba tare da izini ba zuwa tsarin gidan fadar, yi tunani game da m Fures. Sanya madubi a kan murhu. Kyakkyawan rashin tsaro, idan an kira ɗanka Alice, kuma idan ta riga ta ziyarci Wonderland.

Sake karanta labarin da kallon kwatankwacin ya ɗauke ni kusan rabin sa'a. Wannan lokacin ya isa ku yi tunanin matsalolin da aka tsara na fitilu. Saboda haka taken labarin.

Adan kayayyakin da suka yi godiya da gwamnatin Moscow Polytechnic da Salon "Haske Thenolodzhi" don taimako a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan.