Warming na ganuwar bulo da katako. Halayen kayan rufewa, zane-zane na pirogov da farashin kwatankwacin rufi.
abu
Gilashin Noi-resistant, an ƙarfafa kusurwa tare da bayanan martaba. ("Moosbild-2003")
Insulated, posted, fentin, amfani flade fl fenti tare da babban pipping
Tsirfin (alal misali, watsawa-watsawa dangane da silicone). Ni mai zafi ne, facade ya zama mai kyau fiye da na Ubangiji
Yana sa hankali su ciyar kudi don ƙarin rufi na gidan, wanda ya gana da zamani da bukatun zafi garkuwoyi? Ana iya samun amsar wannan tambayar ta hanyar kwatanta sakamakon lissafin asarar zafi, wanda aka yi don yanki mai kyau na 205m2, wanda aka ɗauka daidai da tsoffin ka'idojin da zamani . Ikon da ake buƙata na tsarin dumama zuwa rufi shine 30 kW. Bayan rufin gida, ikon da ake buƙata ba ya wuce 15kW. Kammalawa a bayyane yake.
| Abu | Masana'antu | Ƙasa | Kauri, mm. | Girman, mm. | Yankuna, KG / M3 | Yin amfani da yanayin da ke haifar da shi, w / (Mk) | Pardia Permability, MG / (MCHPA) | Loverarfin karfi, KPA | Farashi, $ / m3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ma'adinan ulu | |||||||||
| Nobasil M. | Izomat. | Slovakia | 40-220 | 500,6001000 | 30, 35, 50, 75, 90 | 0.034-0.036 | 0.38. | 1-6 | Daga40 zuwa 185 gwargwadon yawan |
| Nobastiltf. | Izomat. | Slovakia | 40-160 | 500,6001000 | 150. | 0.037 | 0.32. | goma sha biyar | 138. |
| Nobaskilfl Lamella | Izomat. | Slovakia | 40-200. | 180-2001000 | 95. | 0,040. | 0.38. | 100 | 130. |
| Nobasillfk. | Izomat. | Slovakia | 50-180 | 500,6001000 | 50, 75, 90 | 0.035 | 0.36 | 6-8 | Daga 78 zuwa 100 ya danganta da yawan |
| Paropuns35 / 37. | Paroc. | FINLAND | 30-175 | 565-80920-1320 | talatin | 0.0335-0..0365 | 0,3. | * | 43. |
| Parocas4. | Paroc. | FINLAND | 30-180 | 6001200. | 140/170 | 0.0340-0...45 | 0,3. | > 15. | 145. |
| Paroc ya kasance 35/45 | Paroc. | FINLAND | 30-180 | 6001200. | 60/70 | 0.0320-0.0340 | 0,3. | * | 72-87 |
| Paroc WPS2N (wanda bazan) | Paroc. | FINLAND | 30.50,70 | 6001500. | hamsin | 0.035 | 0,3. | * | 116. |
| Ursap30. | "Flyder-Chudovo" | Russia | 40-100. | 6001250. | 26-32. | 0.033 | * | * | 41,4. |
| Ursap35 | "Flyder-Chudovo" | Russia | 40-100. | 6001200. | 32-38. | 0.033 | * | * | 51,2 |
| "Therto" | "Thermopc-MTL" | Russia | 30-200. | 400/600/12001200. | 35, 50. | 0.035 | * | * | 38-48. |
| "Theermo Layer" | "Thermopc-MTL" | Russia | 30-200. | 400/600/12001200. | 60, 70. | 0.034-0.033 | * | * | 53-61 |
| "Bamunta na Therto" | "Thermopc-MTL" | Russia | 30-150 | 400/600/12001200. | 80-140. | 0.032-0.033 | * | 29-59 | 70-92 |
| "Garkuwa na Thermo" | "Thermopc-MTL" | Russia | 30-100 | 400/600/12001200. | 150-200. | 0.034-0.036 | * | 69-81 | 117-156. |
| Ilover ol-e (gilashin gilashi) | Saint-Gobain | FINLAND | 50-200. | 6001200. | 46. | 0.035 | 0.50 | * | 86.50-95.40 |
| Wannan shine fasotermpf. | Saint-Gaffain neverover gulfiber | Poland | 50-150 | 5001000. | 130. | 0.041 | 0.32. | * | 143.80 |
| Isover ventiterm. | Saint-Gobainisover Gulfiber | Poland | 50-100 | 6001000. | 100 | 0.035 | 0.33 | * | 83.00. |
| Fasade Batch. | Rockwool Group. | Poland | 40-500 | 1200500. | 145. | 0.039 | 0,3. | goma sha biyar | 135. |
| Batattun abubuwa | Rockwool Group. | Russia | 50-200. | 1000600. | 35. | 0.036 | 0,3. | * | 39.5 |
| "Filastar batutuwa" | Rockwool Group. | Russia | 40-170. | 100600. | 85-110 | 0.042. | 0,3. | huɗu | 83.5 |
| "Batts Volts" | Rockwool Group. | Russia | 40-200. | 1000600. | 85-110 | 0.036 | 0,3. | 3. | 76.25. |
| Rufi dangane da polystyrene | |||||||||
| Styrodur2800. | Basf. | Jamus | 20-120 | 6001250. | talatin | 0.031 | 3,610-12kg / (MPa) | - | 195. |
| Chickiroam IB. | Sustic. | Usa | 20-100 | 6001250/3000/4000. | talatin | 0,027 | 0.72 | - | 170. |
| "Penopelek35" | Penopleex | Russia | 23-100 | 6001200. | 35. | 0,028 | 0.0018. | - | 168. |
| "PSB-C 25F" | Mosstroy-31 | Russia | 30-100 | 10001000, 10002000. | 16-17 | 0.038. | * | - | 39,4. |
| * - masana'anta ba ya tantance |
A ina zan sanya rufin?
Zaɓuɓɓuka don tsarin rufi na uku:1. Gidaje daga ciki na bango . Hanyar tana da fa'idodi da rashin amfani.
Fa'idodi:
- Sauƙin aiwatar da aiwatar da aiwatar (aiki da zafi da bushe, kuma ana iya yin shi a kowane lokaci na shekara).
- Zai yuwu a yi amfani da fasahar zamani da kuma kewaya kayan (alal misali, spraying polyurethane kumfa, da sauransu).
- Cikakken riƙe waje gama gida a gida.
- Babu makawa asarar amfani. Wanda ya fi girma fiye da yanayin da ke amfani da yanayin rufin, mafi asarar.
- Yana yiwuwa a ƙara yawan zafi na tsarin goyan baya. Ta hanyar rufi, wanda yake, a matsayin mai mulkin, kayan tururi mai iska, wuce da yardar rai, ko a cikin kauri daga bango. A lokaci guda, rufi yana jinkirta kwararar zafi daga ɗakin a cikin bango, don haka ya rage yawan zafin jiki, wanda ya kara dagula yanayin da na daddare.
Saboda haka, idan saboda wasu dalilai mai yiwuwa ne, kawai mai yiwuwa wurulen shine sanya matakan tsayayyen sakamako daga tasirin danshi, don kafa kasuwar tururi daga dakin, to shirya tasiri (yiwu tilasta shi) iska iska.
2. Sanya a cikin bango (tsarin da yawa da aka zaba) . Ana sanya rufin a saman bango kuma yana rufewa tare da fuskantar tubalin. Idan ƙirƙirar wannan bangon da aka samu cikin nasara tare da sabon gini, yana da wuya a riga an sami karuwa a cikin kauri daga tsarin, wanda sau da yawa yana haifar da karfafa (canji) na tushe.
3. Gidaje daga waje bango . Hanya takwas kuma tana da rijiyoyinta da kuma fa'ida.
Fa'idodi:
- Yankin Vadonsation na mai fita daga cikin iska mai fita (abin da ake kira shi "an yi shi a cikin jami'a mai ɗaukar hoto. Abubuwan da ke cikin rufi na ƙwayar cuta na ƙwayar cuta na ƙwayar cuta sun yi amfani da wannan ba hana fitar da danshi daga bango zuwa sararin samaniya. Duk wannan yana taimakawa rage zafin danshi na bango kuma yana ƙara rayuwar tsarin gaba ɗaya.
- Inshular thermal rufi yana hana nassi na zafi daga bangon mai ɗaukar kaya zuwa waje, saboda haka tsararren bango ya zama mai tara a ciki, ya taimaka wajen ci gaba da zafi a cikin dakin a cikin hunturu da Cool a lokacin bazara).
- Na'urar zafi a waje tana kiyaye bango daga daskarewa ta daskarewa da thawing, a dukiyar zazzabi ta hanyar da aka tsara, wanda kuma yana haɓaka ƙarfin tsarin.
- The "raW maki" ya fadi a cikin Layer na rufi na rufi na rufi na rufi na rufi na rufi na rufi na rufi da babu makawa yana haifar da karuwa cikin yanayinsa. Ceto shine amfani da rufi tare da babban tururi mai girma, godiya ga wanda danshi biyu ya shiga cikin Layer da ƙafe daga gare ta.
- Dole ne a kiyaye rufin waje na waje daga tsinkaye na atmosheryic da kayan aikin injiniya zuwa ga tsayayye, amma na'urar-da ake kira iska mai iska (na'urar da ake kira tana da iska (na'urar da ake kira).
Yin la'akari da duk fa'idodin da lamuran kowane ɗayan hanyoyin guda uku don sanya rufi, ba a aminta da a waje da aka fi sani ba daga dukkan maki ra'ayi. Middice abubuwa don aiwatarwa kuma za'a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Zafi amo da kuma ƙira
| Zaɓin rufi | Teplootieri, W. | Kudin iska mai zafi, w | Ikon da ake buƙata na tsarin dumama, w | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ganuwar | Taga | Rufi | Daɓe | Ƙofofin | |||
| Tsoffin ka'idoji | 13400. | 6734. | 4164. | 1917. | 1144. | 3656. | 29945. |
| Sabbin ka'idoji | 3517. | 5142. | 1116. | 1154. | 830. | 3656. | 14345. |
Hanyoyin fannoni
Nan da nan bari kanka karamin ajiyar wuri. Tare da rufin ginin a wajen gamawa daina yin wasa kawai. An tsara shi ba kawai don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa a cikin ginin ba, har ya kuma tabbatar da kariya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da wasu dalilai daban-daban, a zahiri, ba tare da asarar roko na waje ba. Sabili da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi kawai game da hanyoyin rufi na gidaje da kayan da ake amfani da shi don wannan, - nufin ga gauraye dole ne a haɗa shi da juna.Za mu fara la'akari da hanyoyin rufi daga tsarin katako, tunda yana daɗaɗawar tsarin bango "cake" a cikin wuya, kuma yana da saurin kamuwa da cutar saboda yawan na'urar da ba daidai ba. "Cake". A hanya, zamuyi la'akari da daki-daki ayyukan da ke faruwa a cikin ƙirar da aka yi.
Warming itace gini
Kayan abinci na gargajiya, daga abin da yankakken da gida gida ƙasa ba kawai tare da mu ba, har ma a wasu ƙasashe da yawa na duniya. Amma duk wani kyakkyawan kaddarorin suna da itace, ba isasshen insulator mai zafi ba. Tun da muna magana ne game da danshi abun ciki na juyawa, irin abubuwan naman gwari da kuma wasu cututtukan da suka haifar da tsarin dumama tare da-ado na kariya (waje na waje) da kuma rarar gida tsakanin wannan allo da rufi.
An haɗa kayan haɗin da ke gaba a cikin irin wannan makirci: layin ciki (layin gida), shafaffe na katako, rufi, windenscreen, igiyoyin iska). Don fahimtar abin da kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata, yana da mahimmanci la'akari da matakai na zahiri da ke faruwa a cikin zane mai cike da dalla-dalla.
Tare da zagaye na shekara-shekara na ginin, lokacin zafi yana da tsawon lokaci na watanni 5, wanda ya faru a lokacin hunturu. Wannan yana nufin cewa awanni 24 a rana akwai bambanci zazzabi tsakanin sararin ciki (yanki na yanayin zafi mai kyau) da titin zazzabi). Bambancin zafin jiki na antale yana can, yana nufin cewa a cikin bangon bango tare da wani hali na ƙira, juyi na zafi yana tasowa ta hanyar zafi a cikin sanyi. " A saukake, bango yana ɗaukar zafi dakin kuma yana ɗaukar shi a kan titi. Matsalar insulating ita ce rage wannan rafi zuwa ƙarami. Amfani da rudani a halin yanzu yana bin diddigin abubuwan da aka ƙayyade a cikin canjin No. 3 zuwa Snip Injin Injiniya "kuma ya shiga karfi a farkon 2000. (Kama da rufi da lissafin kauri na kauri, gani a ƙasa).
Amma alfarwar rufewa yana tasiri har sai ya bushe. Misali, rufin basalt tare da zafi zafi na kawai 5% rasa kashi 15-20% na rufinta na therular. Dukansu suna duka mafi yanayinsa, asarar da aka ƙwace ta zama. A takaice dai, hauhawar yana daina rufin. A ina danshi zai iya fitowa?
A cikin iska koyaushe yana ɗauke da ciyawar ruwa. Saboda haka, a cikin ɗari bisa ɗari dangi zafi zafi na 20 ° C 1m3, iska na iya ƙunsar har zuwa 17.3g ruwa a cikin tururi. Yanayin zazzabi da damar da iska don riƙe danshi mai ƙarfi, a zazzabi na 16C a cikin iska 1 na sama, ba abin da ya fi ƙarfin ruwa ba. Kuma a ƙasa da zazzabi, ƙarancin danshi ya sami damar ci gaba da iska. Idan, tare da raguwa da zazzabi, ainihin abun ciki na tururi na ruwa a cikin iska ya wuce ƙimar izini don wannan zafin rana, sannan "karin" ƙarin aure za a rabu da shi nan da nan. Ga tushen rufin insult.
Yaya ake aiwatar da wannan tsari? Irin zafin iska a cikin gida shine 55-65%, wanda yake da muhimmanci ya wuce zafi na iska, musamman a cikin hunturu. Akol nan da nan akwai bambanci tsakanin kundin biyu, "kwarara" ya samo asali ne don daidaita waɗannan dabi'u, - tururi mai dumi yana fara motsawa daga ɗakin zuwa titin ta hanyar ƙira. APack ya koma gare shi "mai ɗaukar hankali a cikin sanyi," a kan hanyar zai zama mai ɗaure, moisturizing therity rufin kayan.
Zai yuwu a hana aiwatar da danshi ta hanyar ƙirƙirar abin da ake kira Parobarmer, ya dace da ɗakin. Don ƙirƙirar shi, ko ɗaya daga cikin yadudduka mai zanen mai, ko kuma an yi birgima vapor kayan kayan da aka rufe tare da datsa kayan ado. (Ya kamata a cire danshi daga wuraren zama tare da taimakon samun iska mai ƙarfi.)
Kungiyar BARobacker ba shine kawai yanayin ba. A iska ta ƙunshi cikin rufi, dumama daga bango na ciki (Carrier) kayan rufewa ba a kama da irin wannan motsi na zamani-permental rufin shoods . Saboda haka wannan bai faru ba, kumburin ruwa da suka kai ga iyakar-insulating damar barin shi ba tare da lokacin da zai ba da lokaci ba. Don haka, yanayin na biyu don tabbatar da tsarin al'ada na ƙirar ta al'ada shine kasancewar wani da ake kira "Ventilated rarar abu mai zurfi da kuma Yanayi don fitowar iska mai gudana ("Train") a cikin wannan rata. "Reli" kuma zai cire nau'i nau'i-nau'i daga barin ruwa mai narkewa.
Amma wannan ba duka bane. Wajibi ne a ware wutar zafi daga gefen titi. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, rufin yanayin zafi na rufin zai iya fara tabarbare. Da farko, yana sanya rufin zafin rana na iya faruwa saboda danshi na atmosheric (jini, dusar ƙanƙara, da sauransu). Abu na biyu, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska, "hurawa" rufi mai ƙarancin ƙasa, tare da hana zafin rana, ba a cire shi ba. Abu na uku, lalata kayan zafi-insulating a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarshe na iska a cikin spanitated speilated spite, da ake kira haifar da "rufin" rufi.
Don kula da halayyar garkuwa da zafi-gyaran tsarin zuwa yanayin rufin zafi, dole ne ya zama layafan na iska, amma abu mai narkewa.
Sanya memory daga titi, wannan shine, "ba mai numfashi" abu, kamar yadda ciki ("Parrobarrier"), tunda a wannan yanayin ƙirar dabi'ar zata zama ware. Har ila yau, sararin samaniya yana motsawa "Heeple a cikin sanyi," amma ba shi da damar zuwa rata na ventilated. Yayin da iska ta ci gaba zuwa gaɓar waje da sanyi da kuma sanyaya lokaci guda a cikin insarin zafi, akwai wani aiki mai aiki da danshi, wanda a hankali ya dace da dusar kankara. Abubuwan rufewa da Thermal na zamani suna rasa yawancin tasirin sa. Zurfin zafi ya narke kuma gaba ɗaya ƙirar zai fara juyawa.
Takaita ya ce, yana yiwuwa a tsara asali yanayin aikin bangon na warmed bangon na warmed: rufin yanayin zafi ya kamata ya bushe a kowane lokaci na shekara da kuma a karkashin dukkan yanayin yanayi. Cikan wannan bukata na tabbatar da kasancewar masara (deckorons na ɗakin) da kuma iska ta iska (downs na rata iska).
Tsarin tsari da kuma shigarwa na akwakun da yawa sun dogara da kayan da za'a yi amfani da shi azaman kariya ta kariya. Misali, tsari na hawa akwakun a karkashin insular kwanciya, ya biyo bayan hawa hawa yayi kama da wannan. A saman farfajiya na bango, a tsaye, pre-bi da da maganin antiseptik, sanduna na katako tare da kauri na 50mm da fadin ya wuce da kauri daga cikin fararen fararen fararewar da aka zaɓa. Misali, tare da kauri daga rufin zafi mai zafi 80mm, kauri daga cikin firam ɗin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 100-110mm (don samar da rata iska). An zaɓi matakin shaft daidai da fadin faɗuwar murfin. A karshen abin da ke cikin tsagi tsakanin sanduna kuma suna da alaƙa da ƙwararrun anchors. Yawan Chrors a cikin rufin 1m2 daidai da yawa tare da yawa (kuma, da yawa, ƙarfi) na zaɓaɓɓen rufin da aka zaɓa daga 4 zuwa 8PC. A saman rufi, an ɗora rufin iska kuma a saiti.
Wannan shi ne mafi sauƙi, amma ba mafi kyawun tsarin ba, saboda lokacin aiwatar da shi, abin da ake kira "abin da ake kira, abin da ake kira, jingina na thermal), wanda a wannan yanayin sune sanduna na akwakun . Yana da tasiri sosai daga yanayin injiniyan zafi na tsarin shigarwa wanda aka kasu kashi biyu daidai (alal misali, tare da kauri na 100 mm, ana amfani da faranti guda 50) da kuma Ana amfani da nasiha don sa kowane ɗayan yadudduka (sandunan sananniyar shaft suna cike da sanduna. Nizhny). Halittar da irin wannan zane ya fi ƙarfin aiki, amma "gadoji" kusan ba ya nan a ciki. Ya kasance don rufe rufin tare da murfin iska mai rufi, kulla da shi da sanduna na tsaye, kuma sun hau kan sanduna.
Kayan parosoration
| Suna | Jutafoln. | AlULar | Elkateek130. | Re-rar 125 | Alupap125. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | Jina. | Tegola. | Eltete. | Eltete. | Eltete. |
| Ƙasa | Jamhuriyar Czech | Italiya | FINLAND | FINLAND | FINLAND |
| Abu | Gridwararrun kayan aiki na polyethylene na tube, daga bangarorin biyu an rufe shi da fim | Alumin dutse mai rufi tare da polyester da polyethylene Layer | 100% masana'anta polymer tare da jerin gwano biyu | Takarda kraft tare da shafi polymer | Takarda kraft tare da tsare na aluminium |
| Karatun Parry Juriya (M2chp / MG) * | 0.9 g / (M2set) | 0.3 g / (M2set) | 1,63. | 1,17 | 1.34 |
| Ingancin taimako, ba kasa da KGF / CM2 | 32. | 22. | 52.5 | 44. | 47.5 |
| Mass, g / m2 | 96 zuwa 220. | 120. | 120. | 200. | 118. |
| Kauri, mm. | 0.12. | 0,2 | 0.12. | 0.21 | 0.12. |
| Girman girma (shd), m | 1.4-1,550 | 1,5100 | 1,346. | 1,2524 | 1,2524 |
| Farashin Mirgine, $ | hamsin | 255. | 48.08. | goma sha shida | 28. |
* - Baya ga ƙayyadadden tururi mai ƙarfi a cikin g / (M2sut)
Abubuwan da aka ambata, kamar yadda aka ambata, ana amfani dasu a cikin tsarin bango azaman "kariya ta ciki game da kayan rufewa. Lokacin zabar wani abu da aka bishe shi ne ta hanyar manufa: mafi girma darajar juriya na kayan (RP), mafi kyau.
Parosolation kayan ana kawota a Rolls kuma za a iya saka duka biyu horizontally da kuma tsaye a ciki gefen kwasfa tsarin kusa da thermal rufi. Wani fili tare da abubuwan da aka tallafawa tsarin aiwatar da bangarori na injin ko na galvanized tare da bakin lebur. Dole ne a ɗauka a cikin zuciyar cewa tururi na ruwa yana da babban ƙarfi (shiga ciki), don haka, ya kamata a ƙirƙiri parrobarrier a cikin nau'in seams (shi ma yana da ƙarfi sosai Saka idanu da amincin fim da kanta).
A bisa ga al'ada, kabu sealing aka bayar da yin amfani da butyl roba a haɗa kaset da ciwon m yadudduka a garesu, ko da kwanciya da "tube" na tururi insulating abu da kam da counterbructure tare da kabu.
A lokuta tare da gefings na mazaunin gidaje, ɗakunan ajiya da ɗakuna tare da babban zafi, yana da mahimmanci don samar da rata na 2-5 cm tsakanin vaporadation da kayan da ke cikin gida, zai hana mai laushi na ciki.
Don ƙirƙirar ɗan ƙaramin gidan, cikin gida a halin yanzu yana ba da kayan rufin turare na masu kera na masu zuwa: Juta (Czech Republic) - Jutch Jamhuriyya) - Jutch Republic) - Jutchol N / Al; Tegola (Italiya) - layin mashaya; Eltete (Finland) - sake sake pap 125, elbotek350 fari, elbotek350 alu, aluupp1550, Elkateek130; Monarflex (Denmark) - Polykraft; ICOPAL (Finland) - Ventitek, Ventitek Plus, da sauransu.
Iska insulating kayan
| Suna | Elwateek4440. | Bitupap125. | Polykaft Squd-100 | Jalliavek. | Tyvekt Housewrap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | Eltete. | Eltete. | Monarflex | Jina. | Dupont. |
| Ƙasa | FINLAND | FINLAND | Dabbar Denmark | Jamhuriyar Czech | Switzerland |
| Abu | 100% hade polymer pp / re | Takarda sana'a tare da impregnation | Fim ɗin aluminum dangane da takarda mai sana'a | Kayan Polypropylene uku-Layer | Nondoven low matsa lamba polyethylene kayan |
| Juriya ga papor permation, (m2chp / mg) * | 283. | 253. | 0,012 g / (M2set) | 1000 g / (M2set) | 750 g / (M2set) |
| Ingancin taimako, ba kasa da KGF / CM2 | 115. | 16 / 20.5 | - | 4.4 kilogiram / cm (ƙarfin layi) | takwas |
| Mass, g / m2 | 65. | 140. | 80. | 150. | 60. |
| Kauri, mm. | 0.20 | 0.16. | 0.1. | 0.12. | 0,2 |
| Girman girma (shd), m | 1,575 | 1,2530 | 1.0030; 1,2524; 1,2540 | 1,550 | 1,5100 / 50. |
| Farashin Mirgine, $ | 91. | goma sha takwas | 62. | 110. | 126. |
Ana amfani da kayan shiga iska a cikin tsarin bango (gami da tsarin sararin samaniya) azaman kariya ta waje na kayan rufewa. Aikinsu ba don barin danshi da iska a cikin rufi ba, ba tare da hana ruwa tururi daga ciki ba.
Lokacin zabar kayan iska mai iska, ya zama dole don yin la'akari da cewa juriya ga tururi mai tarin yawa-da aka ragu ta hanyar yin tursasawa na ruwa ("mai ɗaukar hankali a cikin sanyi"). Don haka, ƙaramin ƙimar juriya ga tururi-da aka zaɓa (RP), ƙarancin haɗarin haɗari na ruwa mai laushi. Amma idan aka bi wannan ƙa'idar wannan, babban abin shine ya zama sananne. Saboda haka, daga aiwatar da na'urar da ke cikin iska mai ƙarfi, an san cewa tururi na kayan iska a kewayon 150-300 g / (farashinsu ya zama karbuwa sosai - kusan $ 0.5 / M2. A amfani da superdiffusion kayan (wanda ya wuce 1000g / (m2 famfo), bã kõme ba "sauyi" ba da taimako zuwa ga aiki, amma ko da yaushe take kaiwa zuwa wani low-samun kudin shiga karuwa a da darajar, tun farashin ga irin wannan kayan wuce $ 1,10 / M2.
Ana hawa abu mai iska a gefen ɓangaren ɓangaren rufewa kusa da rufin zafi. A wannan yanayin, ana iya dage farawa da kayan duka a kwance kuma a tsaye. Faɗin Allen tsakanin zane ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 150mm. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a bi shawarwari kan masana'antu don shigarwa da kuma kwanciya da kuma rikicewa gaban gaba tare da abubuwan da aka ciki (da yawa allura ke rikice, sannan ƙirar rufewa za ta juya ware, wanda ke lalata shi).
Abubuwan da aka ɗora da aka ɗora sun riga sun gyara tare da bakin karfe (galvanized) kusoshi tare da babban hat ko baka mai yawa tare da mataki na 200mm. Dutsen karshe ya kamata a yi ta amfani da mashaya tare da sashin giciye na 5050mm, ƙusoshi tare da kusoshi na 100mm tare da farar 300 na 350mm.
Bayan haka, shigarwar kayan da ake yi.
Don ƙirƙirar katangar iska, kasuwar cikin gida a halin yanzu tana ba da kayan shafe-kayatarwa na turare: Juta (Czech Republics) - Jutafold, Jutkold, Jutavel. Dupont (Switzerland) - membranes Tyves jerin; ElTe - Elkateks, Elwateek4400, Elwateek5500, Bitupap125, Bitukrep125; Monarflex (Denmark) - Monarflexbm310, Monarperm450, Musamman, bambanta Super, da sauransu.
Zaɓuɓɓukan shinge bango (brick) bango
Rufi da aka bi ta hanyar rawa
A saboda wannan dalili, abin da ake kira Condete fradeade tsarin rufin ana amfani da tsari. Bambance-bambancen irin wannan tsarin akwai da yawa: heck, loba, cresit (Jerusa-da "Gidaje (RF), da sauransu. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin waɗannan tsarin sun bambanta da nau'in rufin da aka yi amfani da su da hanyoyin haɗe-haɗe da kauri, da yadudduka na karuwa, da sauransu. Amma kowannensu ya gabatar da irin su iri ɗaya ne: m ko haɓakar rufin da ke cikin bangon da ke ƙasa, amma ba lallai ba ne mai tursasawa-permarai-onon Tsarin bushewa, a matsayin mai mulkin, yi amfani da filastar acrylic).
Tushen na iya zama bushe, mai dorewa da tsarkakakken bulo ko plickson ko bango na hannu. Ya kamata a kawar da manyan abubuwan ba da izini ta amfani da lemun tsami-ciminti ko turmi. Idan saman bango mai tubalin cikin taurara tare da taimakon na farko baya buƙata, to, ga wasu nau'ikan sansanonin na ƙarshe yana da daraja ta amfani da (alal misali, acrylic).
Tsari na aiki yayi kama da wannan. A gefen kafaffun kafafun ko gefen da suka mamaye slabs na iya zama tallafi ga jeri na farko na kayan rufin thermal. Idan babu irin wannan tallafin, to, tare da taimakon Dowels, an cire ƙarfe mai goyan baya ko layin tallafi na katako (katako kafin a cire plantering). Mafi yawan manne, alal misali, don murhun wuta ya fito daga 3.5 zuwa 5kg / M2 kuma ya dogara da rashin daidaituwa na tushe. An sa faranti kusa da juna tare da "miya na seams", kamar lokacin sa tubalin.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa aikin gluing don fruelades na karamin murfi a cikin mizani ba a buƙatar zama isasshen farantin kawai don kiyaye rufin rufin da aka gyara akan bangon mai ɗaukar fuska.
Incircy ɗaure faranti na rufi dole ne, alal misali, ta amfani da sararin samaniya downels tare da sandar karfe. Yawan Dowel ya dogara da nau'in rufin da aka yi amfani da shi, misali, don faɗaɗa polystyrene, ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 6 a kowace 1M2. Zurfin gyara Dowels ya dogara ne akan bango yakamata ya zama aƙalla 5cm.
Ayyuka suna ci gaba da kwanaki 2-3 bayan gluing. Kusurwoyi, da gefuna taga kuma ƙofa suna gangara tare da bayanan martaba na musamman ko robobi, bayan wanda zaku iya fara amfani da babban filastar. Idan filastar filastar karami ne (har zuwa 12mm a yanayin amfani da wani layin ma'adinai na ƙasa, tare da lokacin farin ciki alkalizer (20-30 mm a cikin fadada polystyrene) yana da kyau don amfani da raga na karfe.
Ana amfani da filasik a cikin yadudduka biyu. Da farko akwai layer Layer wanda aka danna miga, saboda haka, da kuma filastar da ake gane na uku na kauri daga cikin Layer Layer, kuma ba A wani farfajiya na rufin zafi na zafi) sannan na biyu, na bakin ciki, na bakin ciki na filastar (kai tsaye bayan danna Grid zuwa ƙasa na ƙasa). Lanes na grid a cikin fadi da tsayi da tsayi da 10-20 cm, kuma a kan sasanninta na ginin ya tanƙwara filayen.
Ya kamata a lura cewa don gluing insuling faranti da kera manyan filastar, duka wannan bayani ana iya amfani da shi (misali, ispos na ma'adinai mai sauƙin mallaka) da daban. Misali, don glebe, Ispo KLEberg, isposlinglel (girgizar magana) ko isposlputz (tare da wani lokacin farin ciki). Don plastering, abin da ke tattare da microfiber suma sun dace, wanda ke ba su ƙarin ƙarfi da rage yiwuwar fasa fasa (samfurin, jubizol lepilna shuka Jub, Slovenia.
Bayan bushewa, ana iya sarrafa filastar zuwa ƙarshe. Anan zabi ya dogara da dandano: Suffka tare da nau'in itacen oak, bi da shi tare da roller, spatuula, fesa; Surco "Ice", da sauransu. Tantance shi da scing ko kawai lalata babban filin filastar bayan shtlock.
Tare da hanyar da aka bayyana na rufi, babu buƙatar amfani da rufin vapor da kayan da ke tattare da kanta, wanda ke da filasiku mai kyau, filayen tururi-perment filastar. Littlearancin tururi mai ruwa, har yanzu yana shiga bango (wanda ba makawa), za a ba a haɗa shi da waje ta hanyar rufi na rufi.
Zane tare da rata na ventilated
A zahiri, wannan nau'in rufin wani abu ne matsakaici tsakanin zaɓuɓɓuka na sama don katako da kuma gida mai zuwa da sanda mai zuwa. Gaskiya ne, rufi a cikin wannan yanayin ba glued, amma kawai a haɗe da wata hanyar da take zuwa ga facade. Sa'an nan kuma an rufe farfajiya tare da kayan iska, kuma ana rufe shi, wanda zai rufe allo mai kariya a waje. Kamar yadda yake a cikin lamarin da ya gabata, babu buƙatar amfani da kayan rufin vapor.
Shigarwa na saka facade za a iya yi duka a kan crate na katako (shigarwa na gaba mun riga mun fada) kuma a kan karfe. Bayanan Bayanan ƙarfe da sauran abubuwan da zasu ba ka damar yin irin wannan shigarwa kawai kamfanoni ne ke ba da tsari na bayanin martaba na masana'antar kamfanin). Af, ana samun nasarar amfani da waɗannan bayanan hotunan ƙarfe don ginannun katako.
Amfanin irin wannan makirci na rufi shine cewa dutsen za a iya aiwatarwa a yanayin zafi mara kyau (babu "rigar" rigar "). Koyaya, tsarin yana da iyakoki don gine-gine tare da kayan gini mai tsayayyen, da kuma a cikin yanayin bayyanar da farkon yanayin wajibi ne.
Kudin kwatankwacin rufi da kuma ƙare dutse da katako na katako a hanyoyi da yawa
Dumama na dutse fuska da plastering
| Sunan abu | Farashi, $ / m2 |
|---|---|
| Primer shiga Unis | 0.17. |
| Bayanan ƙasa | 0.67 |
| Mai haɗa bayanan bayanan | 0.03 |
| Parocas4 zafi insuling faranti | 16.8. |
| Polystyrene kumfa exystyred schafofib | 7. |
| PUBBS-25 Polystyrene Foam | 3,4. |
| Manne don gluing rufi "anner" | 0.16. |
| Mush plastering 55 Eurofasad "'yan takarar" | 0.57. |
| Dowels don saukarwa | 1,11 |
| Bayanin bayanin martaba | 0.29. |
| Filastar masana'anta ta danshi mai tsauri | 0.40 |
| Aiki | 18,51 |
| Jimlar C ta amfani da Parocfas4 | 38.70 |
| Jimlar amfani da Strehohodob | 28.90 |
| Duka ta amfani da Zabura-25 | 25.30 |
Dumama na dutse facade tare da rata iska mai iska da kuma kariya mai kyau
| Sunan abu | Farashi, $ / m2 |
|---|---|
| Tsarin bayanan ƙarfe "bayanin karfe" | 4.3 |
| Zafi insulated faranti "vin backts" kauri 100mm | 7,63. |
| Iskancin ruwa. | 1.5 |
| Soyayya "wanda aka sani" tare da abubuwan haɗin | takwas |
| Aiki | goma sha biyar |
| Duka | 36.43 |
Katako mai rufi rufin tare da ragarar da ke da iska da kuma kayan adon kariya
| Sunan abu | Farashi, $ / m2 |
|---|---|
| Katako na katako (katako 5050) | ɗaya |
| Steamed jutafoln. | 0.62. |
| Heat insulated faranti "Batukan haske" kauri 150mm | 6. |
| Iskancin ruwa. | 1.5 |
| Raye "da aka tabbatar" tare da kayan aikin | takwas |
| Aiki | 12 |
| Duka | 29,12 |
A cikin ƙananan gine-ginen, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da allon ado da kariya tare da ƙarin hanyoyin samar da iska a kan allon. A aikace, ana yin su a cikin nau'i na tsirar iska, wanda aka goge a cikin samar da abubuwan da ke cikin facade. Classic duk mashahurin filastik mai sanyaya tare da sarrafa kansa a kan ƙananan bangarorin. Za'a iya sanya irin wannan allo ta amfani da Ardogres yana fuskantar fale-falen buraka (rarar fasaha na 10160mm a cikin girman an kafa yayin shigarwa).
Bukatun don rufin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin da aka ɗauka
2Vide na ingantaccen kayan rufewa da aka tsara don aiwatar da shirye-shiryen da ke sama: ulu na ma'adinai da nau'in kumfa polystyrene.Bari mu fara farawa. Ma'anar ulu , wannan shine, gilashin caca da kuma ulu dutse.
Kwararru daga Rockwool, Paroc da Saint-Gobain isoverover a cikin bukatunmu don haka tsabtace buƙatun don wannan kayan.
Gaba daya bukatun:
- Rain duniya dole ne ya kula da girman geometricion (sake sake tsayawa kuma kada ka zauna) A duk tsawon lokacin aiki. Abubuwan rufin yanayin zafi da aka samar a cikin wannan hanyar da 'yan fashi ba sa located a cikin shugabanci, amma m.
- Yabo ya zama dole shine 0.3 MG / (gaggawa), sha danshi shine fiye da 1.5% ta girma.
- Dole ne kayan dole ne ba mai yawan gini ba (musamman da ya dace ga gidajen katako) da sada zumunci tsakanin muhalli.
- An zabi kayan rufin zafi ga kowane tsarin da aka bincika daidai da yanayin aikinsa, yana rinjayar ƙarfin buƙatunsa (yana rinjayar da bukatun da matsawa (ƙoƙarin da aka yi Wannan yana buƙatar haɗe shi zuwa ƙarshen waje don tsage shi daga sauran taro).
Yanzu O. polystyrene kumfa . Wannan kayan yana da duka fa'idodi da rashin amfani. Ya kamata a danganta yatsun fiye da na rufin ulu na ma'adinai, ma'aurata ta zamani (wanda ke ba ka damar rage kauri daga cikin kayan rufin), kazalika da karancin kayan. Rashin daidaituwa yana da ƙarami fiye da na ma'adanan ulu, ƙarancin turɓayar ƙwaƙwalwa, yana da wahala a daidaita kayan aikin (yana da wuya) da ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙarin Matsaloli yayin shigarwa:
- Dole ne a yi amfani da kayan ma'adinai kawai a kusa da taga da ƙofofin;
- Wajibi ne a shirya kariyar wuta (tsawo na 150mm) daga sannu na ma'adinai ta hanyar wasu tsaka-tsaki a tsayi.
Masu sana'a-launi a cikin buƙatunmu sun tsara ainihin bukatun don wannan kayan:
- Yankunan 15-25 kilogiram / m3.
- Tsarin ya zama mai yawa, manyan granules suna da alaƙa da juna (kayan da ba a rufe ba a sama da granuly, talaucin da zai ce, "Jiki halaka ".
- Yakamata faranti ya kamata su sami cikakken geometricons na tsawon da nisa, wuce 2mm, wanda ba fargaba da faranti ya wuce 0.5% girma a kan dacewar murhun ).
- Tsarin Linkage na izini ba shi da fiye da kashi.2% (faranti yana buƙatar yin tsayayya da fakiti aƙalla makonni biyu).
Lowerarancin tururi mai ƙarfi yana sa ya zama ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da kumfa polystyrene ba don rufin katako na katako. Saboda ƙananan kaddarorin wuta, ba a ba da shawarar don fromated fradees na dutse gidaje. Don haka, yankin da ake amfani da shi shine rufin da dutse dutse da ke biye da filasannin.
Kayan don kariya da kayan kwalliya (fuskantar)
Biwi na kayan da aka yi amfani da su don na'urar kariya da kayan ado na ado na facaddes facades yana da matukar fadi. Zai iya zama cashin katako na katako (rufin Ba'amurke "ko Busin Mobile), Casette Panes, Cassette kayan aiki), casette kayan (guntu-guntu-guntu da Farantin Fibro-CETE ba tare da rufin da kayan kwalliya ba), Dutse na halitta (Stewer, Tufle, ba shakka, farin ciki) kuma, ba shakka, marmara storeware. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan kayan yana da fa'idodin ta da rashin amfanin sa. Dukkansu sun bambanta da ƙwazo, shigarwa na fasaha, nauyin ƙamshi, farashi (duka cibiyar da kanta da firam a ƙarƙashinsa), kuma kowane sigogi dole ne a ɗauka lokacin zabar.
Baya ga wadanda aka jera, amma tuni ta tsari zaɓuɓɓukan canjin, kasuwa ta zamani ta bayar da mafita) mafita. Misali, yi amfani da tayal tayal (Italiya).
Munyi la'akari kuma za mu zabi rufi
Ta yaya tare da isasshen matakin daidaito don tantance kauri mai mahimmanci na rufin mai tasiri?
A cikin batun gaba daya, makircin wannan lissafin zai yi kama da wannan. Duk wani bango yana wakilta a matsayin tsarin Layer-uku, wanda akwai wani sashi mai ɗaukar kaya (ciki), rufi na rufi, wanda ya rufe rufin. Tsarin tsari don yin lissafin tashin hankali na Thermal yana kama da wannan: Robchchchchchnya + Robughe = 3,2M2C = 3,2M2C / W (Mnip II-3-79 * ). Tsarin kowane yadudduka ana lissafta ta hanyar dabara R = /, a ina - mafi kyawun aiki, w / (ms); - kauri mai kauri, m.
Sanin kayan da aka kasance mai data kasance (bulo, toshewar katako, katako, da sauransu) da kuma neman kayan da aka gama, Zaka iya yin lissafin juriya na zafi (RVN) da yadudduka na waje (RVN).
Na gaba, kuna buƙatar zaɓi rufi kuma gano mafi kyawun amfani da yanayin aikin theryer. Sauya sakamakon da aka samu a baya da rufi a cikin dabara don kirgawa Robbish, yana da sauki gano wanda ya kamata wani layafar da aka zaba ya kamata ya zama wani zangon da aka zaba.
Arewa = Robby-rvd, daga inda rufin = (3,2-RVF) / Ruwa.
Masu ƙwararrun injiniyan zafi yayin lissafin rufin gidan suna la'akari ba kawai zafin da suka yi amfani da shi ba su da rikitarwa . Hanyar lissafin da aka bayyana anan yana da ma'ana kuma ana iya amfani dashi don yin lissafin yin lissafin raha da aka zaɓa daga cikin rufin da aka zaɓa ko don zaɓar rufin kanta, amma bai ƙara ba.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don layin ulu na ma'adinai don tsarin rufin ƙasa
| Tsarin katako | Dutse mai rarrafe | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dumama tare da rufe * | Ruwa tare da rata iska da kuma allo mai kariya ** | ||
| Yankuna, KG / M3 | Ba kasa da 25-30 / 16 *** | Ba kasa da 140/50 **** | Aƙalla 70. |
| Stritsive ƙarfi a 10% dormation, KPA | Kar a tsauta (kayan hannun baya gwaninta) | Aƙalla 40 don planters na bakin ciki; Ba kasa da 8 don lokacin farin ciki planters | Ba kasa da 10 ko 4-6 tare da gilashin gilasai |
| Loading karfi, KPA / M2 | Kar a tsauta (kayan hannun baya gwaninta) | Aƙalla 15 don planters na bakin ciki; aƙalla 3 don lokacin farin ciki planters | Ba ya yin magana |
* - faranti na rufi dole ne su sami kaddarorin babban ƙarfi da haɓaka ƙira, kamar yadda kaya ke fuskantar duka biyu yayin aiki (Loads) ta hanyar yin nauyin filastar, bazuwar kaya). Don aiwatar da wannan zabin, rufi za a iya matso kusa da kayan da kayan aiki tare da kayan masarufi mai kauri, har da kashi 180 kilogiram da rage yawan kutsawa (alal misali) da rage slab daga Rockwool );
** - A cikin yanayin amfani da membranes na iska don kare rufi daga rarar iska, zaku iya amfani da wannan rufin kamar yadda tsarin katako. Gaskiya ne, da maɗa rufi rufi rufin, da mafi wuya shi ne kula da geometricions girma (zaka iya sayarwa da nonels, da sauransu). Bugu da kari, karancin kudin ƙasa da sinadari mai narkewa tare da abin da ya rama don babban matakin iskar iska mai tsada. Saboda haka, tare da wannan tsarin shigarwa, zaku iya ba da shawara don amfani da ƙarin rufin m wanda ba sa buƙatar ƙarin kariya. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don irin wannan rufin suna da ƙasa da tsarin rufin tare da plastering, tunda babu kaya masu aiki akan sa. Isasshen taurin wannan mai hurawa zai guji hurarrun zaruruwa a cikin rata da iska mai iska. M abu mai sauƙi mai sauƙi.
Za'a iya amfani da kayan rufewa da yawa ga waɗannan buƙatun za a iya amfani da su don rufin katako na katako. Kudin "cake" zai kasance da ɗan tsada, amma don hawa, kuma zai zama ruwan dare don aiki;
*** - An nuna ƙimar don rufin UnGlass ("Flyder-mu'ujiza - ba da shawarar yin amfani da ursa da ke cikin irin wannan tsarin);
**** - An nuna ƙimar don rufin Fiberglass ta amfani da raga na karfe.
Ginin Edita na gode da firam din "cibiyar shakatawa na yamma", "Text Lissafi Rus", "TheSinvesleswea", Paroc, rockwool don taimako a cikin shirya kayan.