Fasali na hade windows. Classantifation na nau'ikan da kayan, mutunci da rashin daidaituwa, masana'antun, farashi.
Windows na zamani sune, da farko, windows da aka yi daga kayan zamani. Yana da sani, dadi, abin dogaro, kuma ma kyakkyawa. Don aiki, don ƙirƙirar ɗakunan ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin ɗakin: Don samar da zazzabi mafi kyau, iska da danshi da ake buƙata na haske, kare sararin samaniya da ake buƙata daga amo. Shin wani abin mamaki ne cewa an ba da zaɓaɓɓen windows sosai?
Shekaru bakwai da suka wuce, boam na filastik-taga ya fara ne a Moscow: Tsohon firam ɗin da aka maye gurbinsa da fararen filastik. Da kyau, windows daga PVC, idan ana yin su sosai, suna da fa'idodi da yawa. Wani sanannen abu don bayanan bayanan m trete sune aluminum. Yana da dorewa da sauki, sabbin fasahohi sun karu da halaye, da kuma hanyoyin rufin halaye, da hanyoyin kulawa na zamani suna bayyana bayyanar. A yau an mayar da salon zuwa ga kowane halitta, kuma taga na firam ɗin da aka yi da itace - mafi kyawun yanayin muhalli kuma yana da mashahuri mai tsada kuma girmamawa. Hanyoyin zamani na sarrafawa, zanen itace, sabon fasahar samar da fasaha ya sanya shi mafi dorewa, halaye masu tsayayyawar yanayi. Wood na yau da kullun na itace da itacen oak a cikin samarwa, kuma ba tsari ba, amma, wani lokacin, wani lokacin ana kiranta tsararren injiniya). An yi amfani da takalmin katakon fayilolin taga musamman.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don ɗaure suna da fa'idodinsu da rashin amfanin su. Sha'awar don amfani da ribobi da rage rashin nasarar kowannensu ya haifar da halittar abin da ake kira Windows. An kasu kashi na katako, aluminium-katako da katako. Lokacin da aka sake da su don kwatancen farashin, taga 1.51.5 m (yanki-2,25m2) aka ɗauke zuwa sash da kuma ɗakuna biyu masu haske tare da kauri na 32-36mm.
- Itace-aluminum. Wannan lokacin shine mafi yawan nau'in haɗuwa da Windows. Kayan katako tare da zafi mai zafi da kuma sauti, yanayin abokantaka, ya dace da kowane ciki. Amma ko da mafi kyawun abu mai inganci yana da kyawawa don kare tasirin tasirin waje. Don kare firam ɗin katako sun kasance alumini. Yana da sauƙi, mai dorewa da kuma kayan gyara da ba daidai ba tare da babban juriya ga tasirin muhalli kuma a cikin dukkan lokacin aikin aiki kusan baya buƙatar gyaran. Kurori na tsarin aluminium - fiye da shekaru 80 (ƙaramar rayuwar rarrabuwa). Wannan ƙarfe ya fi kowane kayan, yana riƙe da kayan aikinta lokacin da yanayin zafi ya faɗi. Bayan sarrafa saman kayayyakin alumot, sun zama juriya ga lalata ruwa da ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara, zafi kuma ta sami damar.
Shugabanni a cikin samar da irin wannan Windows - ƙasashe da Scandinavia. An kera windows mai kyau a Jamusanci, Finnish, fasahar Yaren mutanen Sweden sun ƙunshi bambance-bambancen daban-daban na kayan biyu.
- Nau'in Finnish. Ana amfani da Sash biyu daban a cikin murfin Stonna. A wannan yanayin, waje an yi shi ne da aluminum, da kuma cikin itace. Llain ɗin suna da alaƙa da roller, don a iya buɗe ko kuma a lokaci guda ko a zahiri. Hanyar haɗa flaps mai sauqi qwarai. Rod ne na ƙarfe, ƙarshen ɗaya wanda aka ƙaddara shi a kan ƙyallen waje, kuma na biyu yana motsawa tare da tsafan ƙarfe wanda ke cikin firam ɗin. Sanarwa sanye take da masu kaya, suna ba da damar ɗaure sash a matsayin da ake so don kada ya ƙwanƙwasa iska. Single gilashi aka saka a cikin m frame, wanda za a iya tinted, kuma sunscreen, da kuma madubi, kuma shockproof. An saka firam na ciki sau biyu. Kaurin kauri daga cikin akwatin taga na iya kasancewa daga 95 zuwa 210mm. Babban nisa tsakanin sash, mafi girma babban aiki akan zafi da kuma rufin sauti yana da taga.
Rashin daidaituwa na Windows tare da keɓaɓɓe na daban sun haɗa da nauyi mai tsayi da yiwuwar buɗe sash kawai a cikin wannan jirgin. AK fa'idodi - ikon gina wa makafi na hasken rana tsakanin Ramami, manyan alamu don rufin zafi.
A cikin kasuwar mu, irin wannan Windows ne ke wakiltar kamfanonin FinnIsh, Domus, Fesestira. A waje, duk samfuran suna da isasshen isasshen, wasu bambance-bambance na musamman suna da wuyar karantawa tsakanin su. Amma kowane masana'anta yana ba da iko da windows tare da wasu fasalolin fasaha. Misali, samfurin omus yayi amfani da fasahar kare. Case mai nauyi a matsayin katako na windows suna impregnated a cikin wuri tare da abun da ke ciki wanda baya canza launi na itace na halitta, wanda ya sa ya zama mai yiwuwa a iya bugun farfajiya a nan gaba. Fefetra yana mallakar bayyanar da bayyanar a farfajiya na akwatin duhu aibobi (yawanci waɗannan ɓangarorin suna faruwa saboda gudummawar da ke cikin itace). Irin wannan sakamako ya samu ta hanyar amfani da Layer na kariya ta musamman a cikin akwatin. Tiivi yana ba da Windows tare da haɓaka Sash da aka haɗa, tsakanin waɗanda zaku iya hawa makafi, da kuma wani sigar tuffa da ke ɗaure: mafita na waje sash tare da gilashi guda, haɗa kai.
Frims na firam daga Feesfa daga Pine ya cancanci $ 520-530, Domus- $ 560-50, TIIVI- $ 760-1000, TIIVI- $ 760-1000. Wannan taga itacen oak sau biyu kamar itacen oak yana buƙatar ƙarin bushe sosai da sarrafawa. Zaɓin kuma zai yiwu lokacin da ke ɗaure tekun tekun da aka yi da Pine, kuma kowane abu kuma shine itacen oak ($ 800-900).
A halin yanzu, zaku iya haduwa da Windows da aka yi akan fasahar Finnish ta masana'antun Rasha. Waɗannan samfuran sun cancanci kashi 10-15% suka fi arha fiye da shigo da su. Koyaya, ba ma yin cire iska na itace. Ana aiwatar da Fast na kawai.
- Nau'in Sweden. Wannan taga ya ƙunshi firam biyu tare da bulo masu ruga: na waje (daga bayanin martaba na aluminum tare da gilashi guda) da na ciki (katako, tare da windows biyu mai glazed windows). Irin waɗannan samfuran suna wakilta ne ta hanyar Tiivi. Yawan kauri daga cikin akwatin shine 90-105mm. Taron taga sun hada da yiwuwar bude cikin jirage biyu kuma ba zane-zane ne na taga ba, duk da haka, duk da haka, duk da haka, duk da haka, a Dutsen Interframe Makafi. Irin wannan samfurin da aka yi a cikin Murmansk farashin $ 860, da samarwa na Finnish- $ 1200.
- Nau'in Jamusanci. Ana kiyaye firam ɗin katako wanda aka kiyaye shi ta hanyar aluminum mai kariya, wanda aka sanya ko'ina cikin kewaye taga. Amma firam ɗin yana da aure. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin rizin da dabarun aluminium: ana iya yin rikodin ta hanyar shirye-shiryen musamman ko kusa da firam ɗin katako. Masana sun ce an bar shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen da ke tsakanin firam da aluminium da ke samar da samun iska da danshi fitar. Yanzu, rufin alumin, idan ya cancanta, yana da sauƙi a cire sannan a sake sa shi. Wannan yana nuna cewa irin wannan windows zai ba da shekara 50. Wani kuma da ƙira da ƙira tare da clippers shine ikon buɗe sash a cikin jirage biyu. A taga da swivel-nadawa bude yatsun, sanya a Jamus fasahar yin amfani da kayan daga Jamus, halin kaka $ 750-780 (Pine) da kuma $ 1450-1500 (oak). 'Ya'ya biyu suna samar da windows frame-fam. Kudin samfurin daga Pine-70-590. Windows na Rasha, an yi su a cikin fasaha ta Jamus, za a kashe $ 500-590 (Pine), $ 500-560 (ƙasa).
Wood ɓangarorin wannan nau'in windows na wannan nau'in, idan ana so, an tinked tare da mahimman mahimmin abu da kuma varnish na ruwa na ruwa. Madadin haka, zaku iya amfani da samfuran fenti a cikin launuka iri-iri (yana da arha ta 10-15%). Hakanan ana iya samun zanen bayanin aluminium a kowane launi.
- Nau'in Finnish. Ana amfani da Sash biyu daban a cikin murfin Stonna. A wannan yanayin, waje an yi shi ne da aluminum, da kuma cikin itace. Llain ɗin suna da alaƙa da roller, don a iya buɗe ko kuma a lokaci guda ko a zahiri. Hanyar haɗa flaps mai sauqi qwarai. Rod ne na ƙarfe, ƙarshen ɗaya wanda aka ƙaddara shi a kan ƙyallen waje, kuma na biyu yana motsawa tare da tsafan ƙarfe wanda ke cikin firam ɗin. Sanarwa sanye take da masu kaya, suna ba da damar ɗaure sash a matsayin da ake so don kada ya ƙwanƙwasa iska. Single gilashi aka saka a cikin m frame, wanda za a iya tinted, kuma sunscreen, da kuma madubi, kuma shockproof. An saka firam na ciki sau biyu. Kaurin kauri daga cikin akwatin taga na iya kasancewa daga 95 zuwa 210mm. Babban nisa tsakanin sash, mafi girma babban aiki akan zafi da kuma rufin sauti yana da taga.
- Bishiyar aluminum. Wannan taga yana da firam daga bayanin martaba na aluminum, an daidaita shi daga ciki. Mafarkin Aluminum, mai dorewa, mai kariya daga kowane tasirin Atmosheric. Aiz na taga dakin yayi matukar farin ciki da dumi saboda kayan da aka yi na katako yana yin aikin ado.
A Rasha, tare da yanayin sanyi, hunturu mai dadewa da ƙananan yanayin zafi, "" bayanan martaba na "da aka fi sani a cikin windows na aluminum. A waje da kuma na ciki bayanan bayanan da aka riga aka haɗa ta hanyar zanen Thermal, ko kuma ɗakunan da ke cikin firam na fiberglass na fiberglass karfafa polyamide polyamide. Thermomost ya katse ruwan zafi, saboda haka inganta zafi infulating kaddarorin. Faɗin rufin thermal ya saka oscillate daga masana'antun daban-daban daga 16 zuwa 34mm, amma bai zama ƙasa da na 24 bisa ga wani ɓangare na aluminum (bisa ga aikin kowane irin " tsarin zafi a Rasha). Hakanan, an shigar da thermal a tsakanin sahun da ke cikin santsi da kuma layin katako, kamar yadda suke bambanta a cikin matakin fadada.
Manyan fasahar guda biyu don zanen bayanin aluminiuman aluminum an san su:
- Anodized shine oxidezed wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen fim ɗin oxide. Haɗaɗɗen yana da ƙarfi, mai tsayayya da tasirin atmospheric sakamakon. Ofaya daga cikin rashin ingancinsa shine iyakance gamut launi;
- Aiwatar da zane mai zane ta foda spraying. The wege gamut na irin wannan rufin ya hada da dukkan launuka a bisa ga tsarin karatun RA.
Amfanin irin wannan Windows ya kamata ya haɗa da amincin su. Bugu da kari, aluminum ya fi sauri fiye da filastik, yana ba ka damar ƙirƙirar windows na kowane siffofi da kuma girman buɗewa, nau'in buɗewa da membobin buɗe ido. A takaice dai, tare da taimakon wannan kayan, har ma da mafi yawan bala'in masu zanen kaya ana aiwatar dasu. Wani fa'idar da firam ɗin aluminum yana da sauƙi don kulawa: Ba za a lalatar da abin wanka ba.
Ingancin haɗin windows an ƙaddara shi ta irin wannan "trifles" kamar yadda yake iya tabbatar da inginan katako na firam na firam. ramin lubrication da aka bayar a cikin madaukai; Kamfani na roba; Fim na kariya yana hana katako na katako a cikin sufuri da kuma shigarwa na samfurori.
Akwai haɗin Windows da aka tsara don yanayin yanayi daban-daban. Akwai ko da abin koyi don matsanancin Arewa, yana da riguna da yawa tare da ƙarin fanko a ciki.
Akwai taga fasahar Italiyanci ta amfani da bayanan Italiyanci da itace, daga $ 1,350 (gado daga itacen itace 1500). Tsarin da aka kirkira don yanayin matsanancin yanayin yanayin zafi da sandar da shi tare da farashi guda biyu daga $ 1500. Wurin, sanya a kan fasahar Italiyanci, amma daga kayan Rasha zasu kashe 20% mai rahusa. Tsarin katako na iya zama mafi banbanci. Yana da mahimmanci kawai don kula da cewa katako na katako ba glued kuma ba ya goge shi da katako.
- Itace-filastik. A wannan yanayin, firam na katako tare da waje na taga ana kiyaye shi ta filastik. Akwai irin wannan tsarin har yanzu wanda ba a rarraba shi ba. Filastik ya taka rawa iri ɗaya kamar aluminum a cikin katako da tsarin aluminum. Bayanan martaba na PVC da tsarin tunani mai kyau na yanayin danshi suna amintar da taga daga tasirin ATMOSPHERIC kuma ba sa buƙatar kulawa. Bayanin PVC yana haɗe zuwa itacen da taimakon masu riƙe da ke cire wutar lantarki da PVC. Akwai taga daga $ 570, daga oak- $ 1085, daga ja itacen m na mariti- $ 670.
A cikin Windows na zamani, da yawa daga cikin ƙarin kayan haɗi da aka haɓaka, kowane ɗayan yana aiwatar da takamaiman ayyukansa:
- Mazaunin sauro suna kare dakin daga kwari da gizo-gizo-mai siffa;
- Makaho sun kare sararin gidan daga rana da idanu; saka biyu a gida da a cikin taga taga;
- Yanke rufewa na aluminiin (rolling shulers) - An ajiye shi daga iska, hayaniya da sauran gida da atmospheric da motsa jiki; Bayar da ƙarin rufi rufin da ƙara yawan kariya daga iska daga hacking;
- Fresh mai iska mai iska don samun iska (tace ko ba tare da shi).
Abin takaici, amfani da Windows tare da biyu-uku na gunduma kusan gaba daya yana dakatar da fitar da sabon iska zuwa dakin. Mafi samun mafi nasara ga wannan matsalar ita ce amfani da iska mai kyau ta taga ta musamman. Aikin irin waɗannan na'urori ne don samar da damar zuwa gidan sabo ne ba tare da daskarar da amo na taga ba. Ana iya samun bawul ɗin kai tsaye akan taga ko kusa a bango. Shigowa a bango yana da matukar wahala sosai. Lokacin da aka sanya a kan taga akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don aiki: An ba da umarnin bawul ɗin kai tsaye ta hanyar daɗaɗɗa da ƙarfi da maye gurbin kunshin gilashi.
Akwai samfuran duka tare da sarrafa gudummawar iska da ba tare da kulawa ba. Tunda akwai yanayi daban-daban, ya dace sosai don samun damar daidaita iska. An samar da shi don ka'idoji ko ka'idar ta atomatik. Tare da jagora, tambayar koyaushe tana faruwa lokacin da, a wane daki da yadda za a buɗe bawul. Yanzu akwai tsarin iska wanda ke ba ku damar sarrafa kwararar iska ta waje dangane da matakin dan uwan dangi a cikin kowane gabatarwar. Irin wannan tsarin ya ƙunshi na'urorin wadata da kayan haɗin zafi. Ana shigar da na'urorin samar da na'urori a cikin manyan ɗakunan a kan firam ɗin Window na Halam. Air na waje yana ba da (lokacin da ya wajaba, inda ya zama dole kuma nawa ne ya wajaba, wanda ke zuwa ɗakin amfani (dafa abinci), inda akwai tashoshin iska. Na'urorin shaye shaye suna da iska mai ƙazanta daga ɗakunan da aka sanya, da karɓa daga manyan ɗakunan. Daidaita wadatar da iska da aka shirya ta atomatik kuma ba tare da amfani da wutar lantarki ba - tare da raguwa a cikin matakin zafi a gida, kuma lokacin da wannan matakin ya karu, sashin giciye yana ƙaruwa. Sashe na giciye yana ƙaruwa.
Hakanan za'a iya danganta dukkan na'urorin lantarki don ƙarin ƙarin kayan haɗi:
- samar da tsari ta atomatik na samun iska;
- Bayar da buɗewar nesa na Framug da makafi;
- Na'urorin aminci da Entrocological na Entpory wanda ke aika da ƙararrawa lokacin buɗewar taga ba izini ba.