Fa'idodin Windows da Rashin nasarar Windows tare da Fuskar katako, masu shirya abubuwa, farashin windows daban-daban.
Tare da layin zafi, mutane suna zaune a latitudes da muke yi a koyaushe. A baya can, firam biyu da aka shigar a cikin tagogi a cikin Windows, an saka guda na gawayi a cikin rata a tsakani. An sanya mutane masu fadakarwa a wurin tare da slurry tare da karamin adadin adadin adadin sulfuric acid. Duk waɗannan matakan an ɗauke su ne don magudana da iska tsakanin firam kuma da hakan suna ƙara yawan thermal na windows.
A yau, mai da sulfuriic acid sun maye gurbin firam tare da danshi-Loader (silicogel) a cikin gilashin hermetic. Fabal da kansu ana wadatar da su tare da biyu, ko ma gundumar uku na rantsarwa na roba, don haka, alamomin rufin windows sau biyu. Kowane sabon sa ya ceci kimanin lita 50 na mai na al'ada a shekara. Idan akalla rabin windows a cikin kasarmu ya cika da bukatun zamani, ba kawai yenisi ba, har ma da sauran kogunan Siberian da yawa ba za su sake mamaye su ba.
Katako
Wannan kayan ya fifita kayan kwalliyar da aka ba mu yanayi kanta. The fibrous tsarin itace yana sa shi ya zama mai dorewa, kuma iska ta ƙunshi a cikin capilaries tana ba da ƙarancin zafin da ke ƙasa. Bawai muna magana ne game da halaye na yau da kullun na itacen ba, waɗanda har yanzu ba mu cikin gasa, duk da irin nasarorin da aka yi ƙoƙarin kwashe kayan aikinta. BUKYAR DA AKAN Windows ana amfani da su ta hanyar itace mai zuwa: Pine, fir, spruce, larch, itacen itacen, itacen itacen oak. Ga tambayar wanda ya fi kyau, ba shi yiwuwa a amsa. Oak, The Beech da larch suna da gaske ƙarfi da kuma more dawwama fiye da Pine da ci, amma saboda ƙarin m fili suna da babban mawuyacin aiki, wato, suna ci gaba da muni. Itatuwan bishiyar ja yana da kyau a yi hamayya da daskararru. Koyaya, masana da yawa sun yi imani da cewa yana da ma'ana a bi sanannen sanannu "inda aka haifa, akwai kuma an yi amfani da shi" kuma an yi amfani da su a gefunan da ke tattare da na tsakiya. Dole ne in faɗi cewa masu sayayya a cikin manyan mafiya yawan biyayya ga wannan ra'ayin. A sakamakon haka a cikin kasarmu, kayan biyu sun shahara cikin samar da taga: Pine (mafi arha) da itacen oak (dorewa) da itacen oak).A arewacin Turai, tsakanin kayan don firam na taga, itacen yana riƙe da Championship. The Chermannia, wanda ya yi nasarar ci gaban PVC, yana jagorantar filastik (kusan 52% na adadin windows). Amma tsarin katako kuma babu wani matsayi, mamaye wuri na biyu (30%). Da alama kasarmu da ta sanyi yanayin yanayin sanyi, da ba a iyakance hadararren gandun daji da yawa na aikin gini na katako ba za su iya zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin da ke samarwa da irin waɗannan samfuran. Koyaya, shekara 70, mun warware wasu ayyuka kuma a sakamakon yau muna siyan Windows a cikin lardinmu - Finnish, da injunan katako - Chermannia da Italiya. An gina hadarin alamomi na alamomi: Damuwa ta Alawsi a Finland a 1917.
Amma baya ga itacen. Duk da duk fa'idodin ta, yana da mummunan rashi. Itace yana ɗaukar danshi daga iska, wanda ke shafar halayen zaruruwa - busasshiyar ƙasa da lalata. Sakamakon yana da matukar rage yawan rufewa na therular. A matsayinta na halitta na halitta na halitta, itacen shine kyakkyawan abubuwan gina jiki na abubuwan gina jiki daban-daban na ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, kwari. Misali, babban haɗari a gare shi shine abin da ake kira gidan naman kaza, wanda yake iya kowane 'yan watanni don "ci" gidan katako. A baya can, gine-ginen sun buga a ƙauyuka a ƙauyuka sun ƙone su don kare sauran. Bugu da kari, jadawalin katako na Sawn na iya samun lahani na, fasa, fasa, resin aljihuna.
Fasahar sarrafa katako na zamani na zamani tana ba ka damar kiyaye ingantattun kaddarorinta kuma ta kawar da rashin nasara da yawa. Amma saboda haka ƙara yawan kwararar samfurin.
Menene mai amfani da mai amfani da shi?
Da farko dai, itace ne ya hura bushewa da yawa, kuma wannan tsari yana da yawa. Da farko, kayan kusan shekara guda sun bushe ta halitta (a ƙarƙashin alfarwa). Daga nan sai aka sanya shi a cikin wuri mai daki, inda aka cire kusan dukkanin ruwa daga ciki. Na farko sun fitar da abin da ake kira danshi mai ɗaukar hoto, sannan kuma wanda yake cikin sel. Idan kuna so, zaku iya fitar da ruwan duka daga allon. Amma sai albarkatun ƙasa zai zo sama da, kasancewa a waje, danshi, kamar soso. Saboda haka, yi ƙoƙarin bushewa itace zuwa matakin 122% zafi. Ana ganin wannan mai nuna alama mafi kyau. Sannan kayan kuma an sake kiyaye shi don daskararren danshi ko'ina cikin tsintsiyar katako. A bayyane yake cewa bayan irin wannan wahalar da bushewa da albarkatun kasa yana da tsada. Hakanan dole ne a cire Avdeda, fasa, resin aljihu da sauran lahani na halitta - duk abin da zai iya shafar ingancin kayayyakin da aka gama.
Idan cikakkun bayanai na taga ya yi daga ingantaccen yanki na itace (alawus), kashi na sharar gida yana da girma. Mafi yawan hankali shine samar da bayanin martaba daga mashaya na hali. Sai dai itace cewa mashaya mai launin glued mai yawa yana da daidaitaccen daidaituwa na kaddarorin da ƙarfi mafi girma fiye da na katako. Billets (LAMella) ana haɗe shi da Figu ko a kan toothed karu (Capoferri). Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da ko da gajeren slats da aka samo bayan duk ƙasusuwa da sassan lahani da aka cire daga ainihin aikin farko. Yi la'akari da, a mashaya mai inganci, gajeren sito yana cikin ciki kawai. Waɗannan samfuran da suke da wuraren da aka yarda da su a gaban gaban, an kashe 10-20% mai rahusa. Domin froms daga mashaya set, an lura, an zaɓi abubuwan haɗinsa saboda shekara-shekara na zoben maƙwabta Lamellae kusan a kusurwar dama. A wannan yanayin, ainihin katako mai ƙarfi, a matsayin mafi sabin sigar zagaye na zagaye, ba a amfani da wani ɓangare na ƙugiya mai inganci (yana da sauƙi a gano akan zoben zobba). Af, itace na Ulal ko Siberian Pine shine Denser da ƙarfi fiye da sauran nau'ikan, kuma zoben shekara-shekara a ciki suna da kusanci da juna.
Bayanan hotunan taga an sanya su ne daga saitin sanduna da aka samu, da kuma Furres da kuma masu ɗaure suna tattara daga gare su. Wasu sabbin abubuwa a cikin fasahar Windows masana'antu da masu samar da gidan gida. Misali, gashin baki, da Rus svig (kamfanin mai suna mai suna "SVIG-Haɗin"). Thearfin tsarin yana tabbatar da filogi-filogi a cikin fil yana da siffar "hadiye wutsiya". Don haka, wurare mafi m wurare (ƙarewar sanduna) suna da kusanci da juna kuma ba su hulɗa da yanayin. Sakamakon haka, danshi bashi da damar samun damar shiga cikin bayanan katako.
Yin amfani da bayanan martaba na zamani
| Abu | A halin yanzu yana da zafi, w / (ms) |
|---|---|
| Itacen pine | 0.14-0.18 |
| Itacen oak | 0.18-023 |
| PVC | 0.25. |
| Fiberglass | 0,3. |
| Goron ruwa | 220. |
Zana
Ana buƙatar kariya daga katako daga kowane nau'in fungi, parasites, da kuma mafi yawan damuwa. Theara a cikin girman zafi shine 5% kawai (C15 zuwa 20%) yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa darajar Rome ya rage da kusan 20%. A mataki na tururin ruwa a cikin dakin a cikin hunturu a cikin 20 sau wuce abun ciki a cikin iska. Saboda haka, kariyar taga dole ne dogaro ba kawai tare da waje, amma kuma daga ciki.Don irin wannan kariya a yau, ana amfani da shi musamman wanda ya ƙunshi, musamman, ana amfani da maganin antiseptik. Shiga zurfi cikin bishiya da kuma rike tsarin salula, impregnations yin yadudduka tare da ruwa mai jan ruwa. Af, da impregnation a karkashin m yanayin ne mafi inganci fiye da yadda aka matsa lamba, - tambaya wane salon da aka yi amfani da shi don bayanan martaba na windows da kuka zaba. Sannan samfurin yana toned ko ƙasa kuma ya lalace. Bayan kowane aiki, farfajiya yana nika - don cire wasu 'yan fashi'. Layer na fenti ko tinting bai kamata kawai ba kawai taga launi da ake so, yana kiyaye tsarin da sash daga ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara da rana. Daga ikon bakin ciki (150-200 μm) na murfin Layer don kula da wannan ikon a tsawon shekaru, Rayuwar taga tana dogara. Daga cikin masana'antar katako na windows, gaba ɗaya hadaddun ƙasa daban-daban, impregnation, kamfanin zobbobi da zobel, ya kirkiri kamfanin da kamfanin Jamusawa, yi amfani da mafi mashahuri. Ana amfani da finns don samfuran su daga Tikkurila. Koyaya, har ma da mafi yawan roƙon ba zai iya bauta ba har abada. A kasan sash ya sha mafi yawan ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara, kuma daga hasken ultraviolet na rana, windows a yammacin Yammacin Turai da kuma kudancin ginin. Sabili da haka, sau ɗaya a cikin shekara 3-4, ya zama dole a aiwatar da tinthphylactic prophylactic tint na katako gasa. Sannan ƙirar, a cewar Masanin Alavus, za su yi murna da ido a kalla shekaru 30-50.
Windows na yau da kullun, kazalika filastik, da filastik a fili ba isasshen iska ba daga PVC "da Gents Window" Na numfashi na 1m2 windows ba fiye da 3.5 m3 / h). Sabili da haka, idan manyan ayyukan iska a cikin Apartlation an sanya su zuwa Windows na zamani, ya kamata a samarya su tare da bawulen iska. Daga nan sai iska mai guba tare da babban danshi abun ciki da carbon dioxide na carbon dioxide ba kawai a lokacin samun iska ba, har ma da rufewa sash. Af, ana bayar da shigarwa daga windows windows windows, da kuma kamfanoni masu ƙarfi yawanci suna ba da wannan sabis ɗin ga masu amfani.
A lokacin da haɗuwa a cikin takaddun takardu, tabbacin cewa windows na katako, ba kamar filastik ba, "numfashi", kada ku fahimce shi a zahiri. Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun suna amfani da wannan fi'ili a hankali daban-daban: wasu- don jaddada iyawar wata ƙasa don taɓatar da daskararren dandano kuma na iya haifar da bayyanar fungi da katako na katako da katako kayan daskarewa; Wasu- a matsayin wata sanarwa na kaddarorin itace don wucewa ta kansu nau'i-nau'i daga iska daga iska; Da na uku "wuce iska". Wannan shi ne abin da masana ke na kamfanin "Cranes" suka ce a kan wannan lokacin samarwa na Windows:
"The peculiarity na katako na katako shine hatsinsu. Amma ba daya ba, wanda aka la'akari dashi daidai da GASKIYA 26602.2-99" Tubalan taga. Hanyoyi don ma'anar iska da mai hana ruwa, "- a wannan ma'anar. Masu alamomi don tubalan daga kowane bayanin mu mujallar" taga ga wani Millennium "). Wannan yana nufin iska - musayar ta hanyar tsarin "live" na katako.. Kaurin kai na rufi da kanta a kan ruwa ko hadewar kai tsaye ne 0.15- 0.4 mm kuma yana raguwa da gaske lokacin da Windows, a cewar Shaida ta Zobel, 0.01mm kowace shekara. A lokaci guda, ba su tsoma baki tare da katako, "numfashi" da ta hanyar daidaitawa, ya danganta da yanayin yanayi, da yawa irin wannan "abin da ya sa da wuya a samar da shigarwa a cikin ɗakin a taga ƙarin mai jagorar taga. "
Ƙira
An samar da windows na katako na zamani musamman a cikin tsarin da aka tsara uku:
- Guda.
- Tare da sash.
- Tare da filayen da aka haɗa.
Don haka, Masaniyya- Strobel (Jamus), Capoferri, RVINDSriAle (Italiya) - an yi amfani da yawancin kamfanonin Rasha musamman don tsarin tunani guda ɗaya. Wani bangare na masu samar da gidaje ("Bamo", Sililanci, "Windows Windows"), Russ-Svig), wani da kansa yana yin bayanin martaba, amma daga siyan mashaya ( "Dokar" "" Bavarian gidan "," Onyx "," Mekran "," Tiivran "," Tiivran ", Docn1, Dubch9, Docn1," Dox Dux ", Docn1," Dox Dux ", Docn1," Docn9, Docn1, Docn9, Docn1, "Docn9
Domus, alawus, Tiivi (Finland), SSC JOINEX (Sweden), da ta hade da sash, da amfani da hadadden glazing daga gilashin taro da gilashi (2 + 1). Ana saka gilashi a cikin sash na ciki, da gilashin zuwa cikin waje. A yau, ana yin amfani da duk abubuwan da aka kirkira sosai a kasarmu. Da samun fa'idodinsa.
RO (M2c / W) - Matsayin yanayin yanayin zafi wanda aka yarda da shi a Rasha don tantance halayen sajin wuta na kayan wuta ko tsarin. Ga kimantawa gaba ɗaya na ƙirar translucent (taga), ragin juriya na canja wuri - ropr (M2c / W) ana amfani dashi. Aarin wannan mai nuna alama, ƙaramin canja wurin zafi ta hanyar ƙira. Dangane da takardu na mahimmin ("Canje-canje4 zuwa Snipu II-3-79 *"), don yankunan da ke arewacin kasarmu, har ma da ka'idojin arewacinmu, da kuma ka'idodin yankin, a ce, a cewar Moscow. Don haka, ga Moscow na gida, a ce, ga Moscow, a cewar Moscow, a ce, bisa ga Zuwa MHNS 2.01-94, ROPR = 0.55m2c / w
Guda windows
("Eurowokna")Ana ba da wannan nau'in ginin ba kawai tsakanin windows na katako ba, amma kuma daga cikin abokan filastik su. Illya, da kuma ga wasu, kusan an yi amfani da su don wasu kamfanoni, da kamfanoni), wargo (Jamus), Jamus) an lura da bambance-bambance na ROTE kawai a cikin hanyar ɗaukar madaukai. Musamman na'urori suna sa zai yiwu a maye gurbinmu zuwa gare mu zuwa ga mai ninki. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a ƙara yawan glazing, sabili da haka haske na ɗakin. Aikin musamman na iska mai slotted zai ba da damar buɗewa na sash frimetersan milimita, don tabbatar da kwararar iska iska a cikin gidan iska. Dukkanin ayyukan a bude na flains (duka a cikin swivel kuma a cikin allon nada) ana za'imar da sigar da aka yi amfani da su ɗaya kawai. Za'a iya danganta '' Eurtocon "a kan gaskiyar cewa ya zama dole a wanke biyu kawai, kuma ba saman gilashin gilashi.
Windows na wannan nau'in don ƙirƙirar firam da sash yana amfani da saiti na 78mm fadi, ƙasa sau da yawa 90mm (Capoferri). A nan ya kamata a lura da cewa, kodayake bishiyar tana da ban tsoro a matsayin insulator na zamani kuma ya wuce bayanan martaba na PVC a lokacin canja wurin zafi da iska suna da babbar ruwa da iska, misali, daga kan itace mai ƙarfi. Zai tabbatar da cewa, ya dogara da madaidaicin zaɓi na gilashi, shin zai zama samfurin fitaccen abu don bin ka'idodin zamani don rufin zafi. Bari mu ce, Domin taga taga don saduwa da bukatun da ake dasu biyu, yakamata ya tsaya gilashin biyu tare da alamomi RO = 0.54-0.56m2c / W.
Kuma ana iya cimma irin waɗannan ƙimar da gilashin ƙasƙanci. Wadancan masana'antun windows windows wadanda suke da samar da cikakken zagaye, babban adadin yana ba ka damar adana akan layin sarrafa kansa don samar da hankali sau biyu. Ito yasa hakan zai yiwu a sanya su daga gilashin mafi yawan launuka masu yawa-abin da ake kira I-SO-SUVESTS (ko gilashi tare da kayan shafa mai laushi). Misali, kamfanin "Gidan Bavaria" yana haifar da windows gilashin daga gilashin ƙasa da yawa ("shuka ne na gilashin gine-ginen gida", Santt-Petersburg). Ba shi da sauƙi a yi aiki tare da wannan kayan, amma a kan layi na sarrafa kansa na yau da asarar ta ta zamani ana cin nasara sosai. Da amfani da gilashin ko da a cikin ɗakin shakatawa guda ɗaya yana ba ka damar ƙara yawan jujjuyawar harafin zuwa 0.64-0.67 M2c / W. Don kwatantawa: Yuro-Windows tare da biyu na al'ada biyu na al'ada-glazing ropp na iya zama kawai 0.52-0.53m2c / w. Wannan mai nuna alamar ya dace da ƙa'idodin Rasha kawai don ƙungiyar tsakiya kuma baya haɗuwa da buƙatun magunguna don Moscow - 0.55m2c / W. (Kara karantawa game da kunshin gilashi - hanawa "da kuma cikin fas, da bayanin martaba.")
A kan misalin "Eurtocon" yana yiwuwa a gano ko babban farashi don siyan windows ne ko da yaushe barata. Daga allunan da ke ƙasa, ana iya ganin hakan yana da babban zafi na itacen da aka ɗaure (alal misali, saboda ƙarancin zane-zanen, da kuma lesing da rashin ingancin ciki) kuma zaɓi Kunshin gilashi tare da ƙimar ƙimar ram na Roak Oak kimanin $ 2,000 tare da taga biyu a cikin tsohuwar windows na samfurin Soviet.
Ropp dabi'u don Windows tare da Sash Single
| Gilashin Windows | Roap Windows Tare da Binding, M2c / W | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in | RO, M2s / W | Daga Pine | Daga Duba | ||
| Tare da gumi mai hoto,% | |||||
| goma sha biyar | ashirin | goma sha biyar | ashirin | ||
| 4m1-12-4m1-6-6m1 | 0.5. | 0.55 | 0.53. | 0.53. | 0.50 |
| 0.47 | 0.53. | 0.51. | 0.51. | 0.48. | |
| 4M1-16AR-4K. | 0.59. | 0.62. | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.57. |
| 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.57. | 0.57. | 0.54. | |
| 4M1-16AR-4i. | 0.65 | 0.67 | - | 0.64. | - |
| 4m1-14m1-6ar-4i | 0.72 | 0.73 | - | 0,68. | - |
Bayanin kula. Misali na gilashin an yi bayani ta hanyar misali 4m1-16ar-4i, inda 4M1- isigeness da alamar alwashi; 16 Nisa na rata tsakanin gilashin cike da Argon; 4- gilashin kauri da nau'in rufinta mai rauni.
Windows tare da daban da hade da sash da hade
Idan an samar da mafi yawan windows-m guda-m guda an samar dashi a cikin kasarmu, to, windows tare da flaps na daban da kuma Finland a cikin hanyar shirye-shiryen da aka shirya. Yanayin sanyi na Scandinavia ya gano ƙarin "dumi" zane-zanen firam biyu. Windows na wannan nau'in kuma yana yin wasu masana'antun gida (DOCN1, "Gidan Bavaria"). A cikin zanen da aka haɗa, an gyara m magin a jikin ciki. Don bayyana musu, ya isa ya cire wasu pin marmari. Watch Windows Amfani da nau'in kayan haɗi iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake cikin hannu guda, sabili da haka ana maye gurbin buɗewar buɗe mai yiwuwa. Saboda haka, ana kiransu "Eurocams". Lokaci na WTO kamar windows tare da flaps daban-daban, sunan "Finnish ya tashi, kuma tare da hade-" Sweden ". Ga "Finnish" ta hanyar babban akwatin (120-170mm), gefen ciki da ciki wanda aka rataye a sash. Daga nan da sunan taga taga - sash mai canzawa. Rashin damuwa ya gamsu kusan dukkanin iska, ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara da wani sashi mai mahimmanci na hasken ultraviolet na rana. Domin a ciki na gilashin, ba a kafa intensate ba, a cikin hatimin da ake kira "an kira" matattararsu ga flap na waje), akwai ramuka don cin abinci na waje.A nesa na 120mm daga na waje akwai na biyu, Sash da ke da Tufafin Biyu. Yana kusan kusan a cikin yanayin greenhouse, ba ruwan sama ko rana ba ta cutar da sa shafi ba, kuma rake tsakanin sash ɗin yana tabbatar da kyawawan zafi da rufin sauti. Don haka, al'ada-chaber-chaper gilashin gilashin da aka sanya a ciki ya isa ya sa rafon wannan taga don zama 0.5m2c / w. Amfani da gilashin mara nauyi da kumburin kai (alal misali, argon ko crypton ko crypton Kauri daga cikin gilashin kauri shine 3 zuwa 4-6mmm kuma cika ɗakunan gilashin Hexifority (Sf6) yana ƙara halayen amo daga 30-32 zuwa 42Db. Tsarin firam biyu yana sa ya yiwu a sanya makaho hasken rana a cikin taga. Ana nuna kamfani a cikin wannan yanayin a cikin ɗakin buɗe da rufe su lokacin da taga ke rufe.
Don windows tare da sash, kawai classic, juya hanyar buɗewa mai yiwuwa. Bayyanar Sash tana da alaƙa da juna, yana buɗe taga 'Finnish "ta juyawa ɗaya. Ana iya sanya ƙirar tare da ƙuntatawa wanda ke hana taga don fashewa, misali, tare da ingantaccen tasiri mai ƙarfi. Ayyukan da ke cikin iska na iya ɗaukar Frumuga (amma irin wannan jirgin sama ana ɗaukar su mafi yawan aiki), katsarori ko mai iyaka tare da tsefe, gyaran sash a cikin yanki mai ɗorewa. Titin Scandinavia na Scandinavia yana da zafin rana da kuma sautin rufewa. Zai yuwu a haɗe shi tare da filayen da ke haɗa su, lokacin da wani, haɗa shi da shi an gyara shi da tsayayyen akan sash na ciki. Ana iya amfani da wannan taga a cikin yankunan mai tsauri. Yana da daraja shi, duk da haka, zai kusan sau biyu yana da tsada fiye da yadda aka saba.
Saurayi Tsarin Tsara Hotunan Watunan Wire
| Fasalin bayanin martaba | Akwatin kauri, mm | Canja wurin Resistance Ro, M2c / W |
|---|---|---|
| Bayanin PVC (abun da ke ciki na liner) | ||
| 3-ACLAM | 50-80 | 0.55-0.64 |
| 4-5-Duri | 70-80 | 0.65-0.8 |
| Zafi,% | Itacen pine | |
| goma sha biyar | 80. | 0.74 |
| 120. | 1.0 | |
| ashirin | 80. | 0,61 |
| 120. | 0.84. | |
| Itacen oak | ||
| 10 | 80. | 0,61 |
| 120. | 0.84. | |
| goma sha biyar | 80. | 0.52. |
| 120. | 0.69 |
Farashi
Kamar yadda kuka sani, fiye da fur shine mafi kyau, mafi tsada. Don haka windows katako - ƙimar su kai tsaye ta dogara da ingancin samfurin da kuma lokacin da aka yiwa sabis na nan gaba. Saboda haka, lokacin zabar windows, ba mu ba ku shawara ku adana a kan "trifles" kamar tabarau mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ga kunshin gilashin ba. Musamman tun lokacin da aka maye gurbin gilashi a windows windows ya fi rikitarwa fiye da a cikin filastik, tun lokacin da bugun jini a yawancin lokuta ba su da hatimi na da aka saka. Madadin haka, ana amfani da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi na silicone, wanda ke sanye da bugun jini ga itacen da gilashi. Ba shi yiwuwa a cire shi kuma kada ku lalata shi, don haka lokacin da za'a iya yin umarni da gilashin nan da nan zai kasance dole a umurce shi kuma biyan cikakken tsarin sababbin staps.An yi imanin cewa Windows Windows, musamman ƙera a cikin ƙasarmu a cikin fasaha na Jamusawa, mai rahusa fiye da Scandinavian. Amma idan ka kwatanta samfuran tare da sigogi iri ɗaya na zafi da kuma rufin sauti, bambanci ya zama marasa wahala. Teburin yana nuna farashin da ke tattare da girman 1.451.8m (nau'in da aka fi na yau da kullun a cikin gidan kwamitun na zamani) tare da buɗe ido na kwamiti na zamani. Yakin Eurocon yana daya daga cikinsu swivel-ninki. Ya bayyana cewa taga tare da Ropr = 0.6-0.63m2C / W da kuma rufin amo ta 30-35 DB, zai kashe akalla $ 1000.
Koyaya, har ma irin wannan ba a duk samfuran masu arha na iya ƙirƙirar sabbin matsaloli ba. Don mafi yawan ɓangaren, za su kasance iri ɗaya a cikin Windows filastik, tunda irin waɗannan dalilai (karanta shi a cikin labarin "kuma a cikin bayanin martaba"). Ana iya nisantar da abubuwa idan shigar da windows zai aiwatar da mai lasisi ba kawai don samarwa ba, har ma don shigar taga taga. Bayan haka, wannan toshe a cikin dutse da katako an sanya shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Asiri na Masters koyaushe suna da.
Kudin Windows ya danganta da daukar ma'aikata, $
| Abubuwa na kayan aiki | Tare da sash guda | Tare da sash |
|---|---|---|
| Kayan aiki na asali (145180cm, Pine, 3rds) | 700-850 | 800-900 |
| Kem sash | - (70-100) | 800-900 |
| Profile oak, beech | (500-1000) | (700-1000) |
| Bayanan larch, mahogany | + (250-300) | - |
| Forttochka | + (50-70) | + (50-80) |
| Isarwa, shigarwa | +100 | +100 |
| K-, ni-gilashi | +60 (20-25 / m2) | +60 (20-25 / m2) |
| Inganta rufin sauti | - | + (110-150) |
| Low tide | + (12-18) | + (12-18) |
| Sill (filastik, laminate) | + (60-90) | + (60-90) |
| Abohiee | - | + (85-100) |
| sauro net | 25-35 / pc. | 25-35 / pc. |
| Tsaunuka | + (5-12) | + (10-20) |
Jirgin edita na gode da kamfanin "Bavaria House", "Tiivi-Trejd", "Tiivi-Six" da "Koruns" don taimakawa a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan.