Hana ruwa tushe ya hadiye sassan ginin. Irin ruwa na ruwa gwargwadon hanyar amfani da kuma ka'idar aiki. Ma'aikata.
Dalilin kirkirar stalactites a cikin ginin ginin gidaje iri daya ne kamar yadda yake a cikin kogon halitta, leaks ne don zargi.
Matakan gyara na ruwa mai hana ruwa:
a) share saman murfin ƙarfe;
b) kawo goga zuwa ƙarfe armature na Kema Armafix Anticorroson shafi;
c) Aiwatarwa wani Layer na kare ruwa fasi fm (3 mm);
D) dawo da Layer kariya Layer na kankare ta amfani da dage farawa na FASI RM.
Farashin Styrodur ba kawai kare ginshiki daga ruwa ba, har ma da ceto daga sanyi.
Ruwa shine tushen rayuwa, ba tare da shi ba, mutum ba zai da kwana biyar. Koyaya, bayyanar danshi a cikin ginshikan gidan ba zai iya gani kawai kawai kawai na gidan ba, har ma da guba wannan rayuwa.
Daga cikin dubun dubatar da aka gina a cikin 'yan shekarun nan (kuma yawanci tsada sosai) gidaje, mutane da yawa sun nemi babban gyaran benen da ginshiki. Haka kuma, wannan gyaran ba ya yin hankali ba tare da maido da tsarin hana tsoratar da tushe da sassan da aka doke su ba. Dalilin irin wannan "annoba" a cikin kurakurai a ƙirar ƙirar, a cikin rashin ƙwarewa ko kuma magudanan da ke tattare da shi, a cikin mummunan aiki, kuma wani lokacin cikin wuce kima na mai haɓakawa.
Koguna na karkashin kasa, yumbu
Matsayin ruwan karkashin kasa (Agb) ya dogara da ainihin jinsunan ƙasa. Misali, ga yankin Moscow shine Loam na hali. An rarrabe shi da rauni ruwa rauni da zurfin harin aquifer. An tilasta wa zabin ƙasar waje na ƙasa don rinjaye duk wani gini na binciken ruwa na hydrogegere. Idan wasu cikas zai kasance a cikin yankin ɗaukar yankin (alal misali, harsashin kankare na gidanka), labaran karkashin kasa zai wanke shi. Spring Meling na dusar ƙanƙara da kankara, ruwan bazara, ƙaramin ruwan miya, irin wannan kyakkyawar zuciya ga mawaƙa zuwa ambaliyar.Halayyar kasar gona "da" a gyara
Wani wuri a ciki, a cikin zurfin, akwai ruwa mai cike da ruwa mai ruwa. Daga gare ta, danshi ya hau duk ƙasa a cikin digiri ɗaya ko wata ruwa ne ya ɓace kuma, kamar kowane abu mai kyau, yana ƙoƙarin ɗaukar ruwa a cikin kanta. A mafi denser ƙasa da kuma bakin ciki na pores a ciki, mafi girman hawa ruwa. Ko da mai yawa lumty yumbu yana da jinkirin sosai, amma yana da danshi zuwa tsawo na 12 m da ƙari a cikin Akifer.
Tsawo na tsintsiyar ɗaga danshi a saman matakin Akifer
| Halayyar ƙasa | Duba ƙasa | Tsawo na prilillary ɗaga, m |
|---|---|---|
| Da kyau-permeable | Fadakarwa wanke, tsakad da tsakuwa | 0 |
| Fani | Yashi clars yashi | 0.3-0.15 |
| Yashi mai kyau-grained | 1,1-2 | |
| Wanda aka samar | Bazara | 1,1-2 |
| Suvasink sauki | 2-2.5 | |
| Tattara Matsakaici, mai nauyi | 3.5-6.5 | |
| Ruwa mai ruwa | Kitse na sukari, yumbu | 12 ko fiye |
Abubuwan da tushe suna zaune a lokaci guda tare da haramcin (wargi)
Kudin tushe yawanci kashi 15-20% na jimlar gidan, da kuma farashin hana ruwa tushe shine 1-3%. Amma rashin daidaito da aikin rashin inganci ba makawa zai buƙaci saka hannun jari a nan gaba.Don haka, gini ya fara da tushe alamar alamar. Mafi yawanci ana bayar da tushe tushe suna da fa'idodi da yawa, a tsakanin abin da babban iko ne da kuma hanyar da babbar hanya ce ta kwanciya. Amma daga yanayin hana ruwa ruwa ne mafi dacewa ga kafuwar monolithic. Rashin ƙarancin hocking yana kawar da buƙatar ƙayyadaddun ƙyallen, wanda yake cika da turmi sumunti. Dan kadan bai rasa gidajen abinci a saman (wanda ke da iyaka ba, a matsayin mai mulkin, Brigades na magina daga yankuna na kudanci) don tsirin tsakiya tare da matsanancin winterters bai isa ba.
Babu wani gini ba tare da nakasassu ba (misali, shahararren hasumiya a cikin birnin Piza, Italiya). Heterogegeneity na kasar gona, restopt na danshi na yanayi, zazzabi da sauka yana haifar da daidaituwa a duniya kuma, a sakamakon haka, damuwa na ciki a cikin kayan ginshiki. Danshi da ya sha a cikin pores na kankare yana fadada lokacin daskarewa (by 9%) kuma ya karya shi. Don haka microcracks an kafa, buɗe hanya zuwa ga mai aiki na tsawon ruwa. Wannan matsalar ta tashi a yau, kuma hanyoyin izininta suna da yawa.
Dangane da hanyar aikace-aikace da kuma ka'idodin aiki, waɗannan nau'ikan ruwa na ruwa ya bambanta: shafi, inetrating, saka.
Bugu da kari, akwai: m abubuwa-m abubuwa da kuma m abubuwan da ake yi don gyara zubar da gaggawa; Plasters plasters; Abubuwan da aka yiwa na ruwa don ba da kankare da tubalin kayan kwastomomi; Antisole, anti-grapple impregnation da yawa, da yawa.
Wauta mai hana ruwa
Kafin shekaru 5000 da suka gabata, mazauna tsoffin haɗin gwiwar gidaje a cikin ginin gidaje a cikin wani metlestone da aka yi amfani da shi na zahiri. Kuma yanzu, bitumen da kayan bitumen sun fi kowa yawanci, da aka sani, sun saba, da tsada, mai sauƙin amfani. Amma ya kamata a haifa tuna da babban abin da ya faru na waɗannan kayan: Rayuwar sabis ɗinsu tana da shekaru biyar ko shida. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa bitumen da kanta ce ta rasa elasticity kuma ta zama mai rauni tuni a 0 ° C kuma ya taso a wannan rashin zafin jiki wanda babu makawa kai ga bayyanar fasa. Haɗin dole ne ya karya ko matsi. Bugu da kari, aiki da m berumen (zazzabi zazzabi idan an yi amfani da shi aƙalla 120 ° C!
A taƙaice na kayan petroacheth ya haifar da bayyanar manyan gasa, runtse na rudani) da kayan polymers) da kayan da suka dogara da su. Hakanan ana samar da matatun mai-roba da polymenricc na amfani da ruwan sanyi a kan makircin kwayar halitta.
Nau'in shafi mastic na gida
| Ra'ayin mastic | Yawan aikace-aikace,Daga | Katunan kauri Mm. | Matsakaicin amfani KG / M2. | Farashin 1 kg, Rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bituminous | 120-160 | 4-5 | biyar | 3-6 |
| Roba mai kwari | 80-95 | 4-5 | biyar | 10-20. |
| Bituminous polymer | -20 ... + 50 | 2-3. | 2-3. | 15-35 |
Misali, bituminous-mario emulsion m "Blam-20" wanda aozt "kati na Aozan Cardboard" yana samar da lafiya. Abubuwan polymeric na samar da kasashen waje sune kusan sau uku ko hudu sun fi tsada fiye da samfuran Rasha.
Cement-polymeric mastic wanda ya kunshi bushe cakuda ciminti tare da filler ma'adinai nasa ne ga mai ruwa mai ruwa. A cakuda an kulle da ruwa, musamman da emulsion ko ruwa mai ruwa watsawa na polymers (acrylic, silicone ko vinyl). Godiya ga bangaren sarkin, waɗannan mayafin suna da kyakkyawar muhalli a gindi. Tallafi masu ƙari ne don taimakawa kayan da aka yi nasarar yin aiki ba kawai a kan saman saman, amma kuma a wurare da nakasassu da rawar jiki. Abubuwan da aka tanada ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa mai ruwa suna shiga cikin pores na gindin da ke da ƙarfi. Kauri daga irin wannan rigakafin karami ne - 1-3 mm.
Daga kayan wannan jerin zaka iya kiran murfi na baya daga Index (yana da tasirin ruwa fiye da 40kg / cm2 da W22 Resistance Rowo, Barrooal da aka ƙera ta ta hanyar heidelstger. Ruwa na ruwa daga osmolalic (index) da Aquafin-2k (schomburg) yana tsayayya da buɗewa a tushe zuwa 2 mm. Abubuwan da ke da inganci suna da karfin ruwa suna da ruwa ba ƙasa da W10, wato, za su iya tsayayya da ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ga 10. Tabbas, babu irin wannan jets a ƙasa. Amma matsin lambar mafita na salts ya shiga ciki daga cikin tushe (osmotic matsa lamba) na iya isa matakin da ya dace.
Similar m kayan su ne "Lacht" Tsanaki "(LLC" hydrogen "), coatings na Hydrothex jerin (NIIZB)," Hermolastic "(AOOTOZSSS). Watakila, wannan ya kamata kuma sun hada da garwayayye dangane da cements da Hydro-S jerin. Gaskiya ne, kauri daga cikin Layer na irin wannan kayan ya kai 30-50mm.
Ana amfani da kayan ruwa mai ruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, don kare saman daga danshi mai ƙarfi (a cikin gidan) da kuma matsin lamba zuwa 0,1)
Kayan kayan da aka danganta da shi a rufe abubuwan da aka rufe
| Mai masana'anta | Suna | Amfani, KG / M2 | Farashin 1 kg, Rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thoro, belgium | Rooseal. | 3-4.5 | 66. |
| Heidelberger Zeen, Jamus | Barralastik | 1.5-2 | 59. |
| Kema, Slovenia | Hidrotes-94. | 3-4 | 38. |
| Index, Italiya | Osmoflex | 2. | 62. |
| Schomburg, Jamus | Aquafin-2k. | 3-4.5 | 37. |
| Llc "hydrogen", Russia | "Lachta" hankali " | 3-4.5 | 40. |
| Glims, Rasha | "Glims-ruwa-" | 6-12. | goma sha tara |
| Nizb, Russia | Hydrothex-B " | 4-5 | 24. |
Mai hana ruwa ruwa
Ana yin murfin mai hana ruwa daga kayan ruwa mai ruwa ko kayan kare ruwa glued a gindi da kuma junan su ta amfani da mastic mai ruwa. Jaridar da ta fi sani ita ce sunan-rusheroid, kawai Pergamine. Wadannan kayan ba kiwo ba ne, wadanda ba kasashen waje da kuma, daidai ne. Sannu a hankali wakilan sabon ƙarni na wani ruwa mai ruwa na birgima: Isielast, tsire-tsire, ecoflex, tsirrai, tekroplist, tekroplist, tsirara. A matsayin tushen, kayan roba (polyester, gilashin cholester, fiberglass) ana amfani da su a cikin waɗannan suttured. An gyara bitumen ta hanyar polymer na SBS (Styrene-butedadiene-Styrene) da app (Atactic Polypropylene), wanda ya kara dagewa juriya da zafi.An shigo da kayan masarufi (daga ICOPAL, Index, Firex Duk da haka) an rarrabe shi da inganci mai ƙarfi, amma har sau hudu zuwa biyar ne fiye da Rashanci.
Ayyukan da suka yi da hankali a lura da cewa rumbun ruwa ya zama abin dogaro da dorewa, amma hukuma ta yi. Yana buƙatar shiri a hankali wanda ba a yarda da shi ba wanda ba a yarda da shi ba na fiye da 2mm, ana buƙatar tushe na bushewa, na gaba-girke mai ɗorewa emululon, musamman m m ko kayan ruwa mai tsabta ko kayan sanyi. Game da amfani da irin wannan ruwa daga waje (tare da ingantaccen matsin lamba na ruwa), yana da mahimmanci don kare shi (alal misali, ta amfani da allo, bangarori ko geotextiles) daga yiwuwar lalacewa) daga yiwu na inji lalacewa.
M birgima kayan kare ruwa
| Mai masana'anta | Suna | Riƙe abubuwa a yanayin zafi, tare da | Farashi 1 m2, Rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masana'anta "izoflex" | Harsashi | -40 ... + 90 | 70-80 |
| Rashin iyaka | -25 ... + 90 | 60-90. | |
| Cjsp "Teknonikol" | Wanda bai dace ba | -15 ... + 110 | hamsin |
| Fasahar | -25 ... + 100 | 40-70 |
Ruwa mai ruwa
Maimaitawa da ruwa a kan tushen sumulmin ya fashe shiga (daga Ingilishi. Shiga ciki) kayan. Farkon abubuwan da aka gabatar na wannan aji ya kirkiro kamfanin Vandexinctertalt. (Switzerland) a cikin 40s na XXVEK.Abubuwan shiga cikin shiga an yi su da sumunti tare da ƙari na abubuwa masu amfani da yashi na musamman. An yi amfani da shi don rage tsaran gudanarwa na kankare. Kayan abinci tare da danshi mai tsadar faɗuwa cikin buɗe pores a cikin kauri daga cikin kwandon shara, inda suke hulɗa da abubuwan da aka sub ɗin kuma samar da lu'ulu'u na siffar sifar. An taƙaita pores da muhimmanci, rushewar ruwa ya zama ƙasa. Kuma wannan duk da gaskiyar cewa vapor permability ya ragu dan kadan da kuma ikon ganuwar "numfashi" an kiyaye shi. Yawan kauri daga cikin rassan ruwa ya shiga 1: 3mm. An yi imanin cewa ana iya amfani da waɗannan kayan a waje da kuma cikin ginin.
Shiga cikin abubuwan shiga yana da kyau ga sabo. A lokacin da gyaran tsohon kankare, lokacin da abubuwan da suka fito na waje suna gasa ko kuma a rufe shi da farar ƙasa daga filasta da degrease, damar samun damar yin amfani da tsarin m. Haka kuma, mai scraper ko goga waya don wannan aikin bai isa ba. Yana buƙatar harbi ko jet na ruwa, yana aiki a matsin lamba na akalla 15-20ghtth.
Ra'ayi 'ra'ayi »nisa =" Gyara
A zuciyar kowane yanayin gini, duk da yawancin zaɓuɓɓuka don aiwatarwarsa, koyaushe akwai na kowa, mafita na yau da kullun ya ci gaba da shekaru. Wannan shi ne abin da CJSC Cibiyar ta ba da shawara ta CJSC ta ba da shawara ga mahimman abubuwa masu hadaddun abubuwa biyu. A wannan yanayin, haɗarin tsotse da tsatsar da ruwa da kuma matsin lamba na ruwan sama yana da girma. Don haka ya kamata a haɗa kariya daga cikin ginin ƙasa tare da tsarin magudanar ruwa tare da rafin ruwa. Da farko, sun jefa tafin tushe kuma sun sa karfafawa don ganuwar sa. Sa'an nan kuma kewaye da bututun malalu, sun sanya ganuwar tushe da satar bene. An sanya bene mai yawa kuma an sanya shi a kan yashi (da mafi kyawun tsakuwa na tsakuwa) shiri. A kan Sabo na kasa, kiyaye shi an rufe shi da Geocan. A kankare mai karuwa ya ƙulla da kauri na 100-150mm an sanya shi a cikin wani Layer na polymer-bitumen membrane (flatter Testodo). Za a welding zanen gado tare da mai ƙonewa mai dauke da ruwa mai cike da 100mm. Bayan haka na gaba shine rufin zuriyar thermal, Layer rabon kuma, a ƙarshe, ƙayyadadden ƙwallon ƙafa don datsa. A waje, an bi da tushe tare da wani bituzer na farko (interverver) kuma sa zanen gado na membrane waterproofing, daga bututun magudanar magudanar ruwa da kuma zuwa 300-500 mm sama da ƙasa. An rufe rufin rufewa tare da gecal ko kuma kariya ta kariya da yin baya. Aikin gini yana ɗaukar aƙalla makonni 4-5.
Shiga da aka canza waxes
| Mai masana'anta | Suna | Amfani, KG / M2 | Farashin 1 kg, Rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vandex International Ltd., Switzerland | Vandex | 1-1.5 | 95. |
| Index, Italiya | Osmoseal | 3. | 46. |
| LLC "Sabbin fasahar", Russia | "Pormatron" | 1.6-3,2 | 45. |
| Chypex Smiller Corp., Kanada | Xype | 0.8-1. | 182. |
| Llc "hydrogen", Russia | Petron | 1,2 | 159. |
| "Lachta" shiga " | 1,2 | 60. |
Wurare ruwa
Wani fasahar ruwa mai hana ruwa shine ƙirƙirar allo. Daga mai tsawo, an yi amfani da yumbu mai clay (Layer 40-50cm) don wannan dalilin - kayan ya lalace da sauƙi mai sauƙi.Ci gaban halitta na manufar shi ne abin da ake kira Bentonite mai hana ruwa. Bentonite yumbu, wanda ya yi bikin kaddarorin Colloidal, zai iya yin rawar da ke gaba da kauri daga cm 1. Layer na Bentonite ya ƙare tsakanin zanen gado (kamar yadda a cikin bangarori na kwali (kamar yadda yake (misali) (alal misali) , a cikin rawmat HDB Bentonite Mats). Harsashin kwali yayin aikin gona ya bazu a cikin ƙasa. A sakamakon haka, daukacin kararrawa ke kewaye da yumbu.
A kasuwar cikin gida akwai nabento infuling matsbu (Akzo Nobel damuwa), da kuma bangarorin lankali da na Voltex (Cetco). Farashin na Bentonite na Bentonite - kusan $ 10 a 1m2.
Karama ta ƙarshe a fagen fasaha na kariya - polymer geomets. Abubuwan da suke faffofinsu marasa kyau - karkara, tsakaicin tsaka-tsaki ga kafofin watsa labarai, juriya ga lalata tsarin da motsi na ƙasa. Allon ya kunshi yanar gizo tare da spikes mai fadi har zuwa 8mm da kuma tace matani. Othalumes yana kare tsarin daga ƙasa barbashi tare da barbashi, da kuma zagaye spikes samar da tashoshin tashoshi wanda aka haƙa ruwa zuwa tsarin magudanar ruwa. Wannan shawarar ta hana shingen ginin, yana ba da kyakkyawan ruwa na ganuwar, da kuma hidimar farantin kariya daga ginin danshi mai sauƙi. Screenage Screens a cikin nasara yana aiki kawai a cikin hadaddun tare da magudanar magudanar ruwa da kuma daina aiki lokacin da layin ruwan ƙasa ya tashi sama da matakin cire bututu.
A cikin Rasha kasuwar, Fundalin kayayyakin ne m (Ondulin, France), Protefon Tex (Index, Italy), Delta (Dorken, Jamus), Blackline (Monarflex, Denmark) da sauransu. Price 1M2 polymer membrane da geotextile- $ 4-8 . Amma jimlar farashin mai shirya tsarin magudanar ruwa, gami da shirye-shirye da kuma sararin samaniya, ba shakka, yana da matukar muhimmanci.
Rufin da yake da zafi
Akwai lokuta sau da yawa lokacin ƙoƙarin, kuɗi da kayan ruwa a kan ruwa ana cin abinci mai yawa, kuma a cikin ginin har yanzu damp. Mayakan za a iya zama auren faduwa a kan "sanyi" na rigar iska. Saboda haka, ganuwar ginshiki daga waje dole ne a rusa shi, kuma a cikin iska. Zaka iya rufe bangon tare da platers na musamman "mai dumi, wanda ke rage steam na sanyi (alal misali, hiderration, saitin bushe d. s. Kamfanonin Ayyuka Drians). An samo su ta hanyar ƙara pore-samar da ƙari ga wani ɓangare na filasta) ko kuma sun shiga daga cakuda da aka gama.
Don rufin zafi na tushe, faranti daga faranti daga cirewa polystyrene kumfa, Styrodur (Basf), Experty NGO), kuma an yi amfani da shi da foamed (mai bayyana alama), kuma an yi amfani da foamed (mai bayyana plaamry), kuma an yi amfani da shi. Ayyukan farko a lokaci guda kamar rudani, da na biyu, a cikin biyu tare da geottextes, a matsayin kayan magudanar ruwa.
Tsarin tsarin tsarin
Yawancin kudaden da aka ba da shawarar su ba da shawarar cewa hanya mafi kyau don kare ginin danshi ba ya wanzu. A kowane yanayi, ya danganta da yanayin gine-ginen da kuma aikin ginin, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar tsarin haɗin ku na ruwa mai hana ruwa.Wannan hanyar halayyar muhalli ce (Italiya), busasshiyar ayyuka (Netherlands), Kamfanin Kasa), Kasa), Kema), Schomburg (Jamus) da sauransu. Kuma idan, don Misali, a cikin Index na Associfa, Vandex International Ltd. Kuma Delta tana da abubuwa 1000 na kayan da suka shafi lalacewa, sun fi isa su haɗa girke girke don "jiyya" na kowane crack. M hanyoyi suna iya zama kamar tsada ($ 12-60 a kowace 1M2), amma suna da tabbacin cin nasara.
Ra'ayi 'ra'ayi »nisa =" Gyara
Bari kawai mu faɗi: wani makirci tare da irin waɗannan kaddarorin kyautar rabo ba. Ba wai kawai ruwa zai yi tunanin mafi ƙanƙantar da slit a gida ba, haka ma rauni na sassan tushe zai yi mahimmanci. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar ginin duka don ware. Da farko dai, ya zama dole a dasa ruwa a kan sitin ginin. A kasan rami, an yi shiri na kankare. An ɗora shi akan tsari na bangon bango na waje na tushe kuma ya dage da kayan hana ruwa tare da ajiyar 500-700mm a kusa da bangon, to, fara bango. Domin kada ya lalata insulating "magana" tare da ci gaba da aiki, ana kiyaye shi ta wani layer na kankare tare da kauri daga 30-40m. Sai suka t toto da karawa, tsari da jefa tushe na kafuwar, bangonsa da jinsi. Bayan Disassebly, da formork yi a tsaye na ruwa. Daga sama, bar stock na 300-500mm don yin yanke-kwance daga bangon gidan. A ƙasa, an rufe rufin tsaye da kwance. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwaƙwalwa Helasta P4 4mm lokacin farin ciki, ƙarfafa tare da fiber polyester, na iya zama kayan masarufi. Dukkanin saman ana bi da su tare da na farko (Infover). An sanya membrane a cikin yadudduka biyu. A kwance ruwa a kwance akan bangon ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar bangarori kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Matsayin aiki yana ɗaukar aƙalla makonni 7-8, idan an aiwatar da keɓewa don ba cikakke tabbatacce.
Yi aiki akan kwari
A ce an gina gidan da ba a gina shi ba, kuma gindin ya riga ya cika da ruwa. Ko da ga wannan yanayin akwai hanyoyi da yawa na musamman da kayan da zasu iya dawo da ta'aziyya.Da farko na kayan. Ya kamata a lura a nan cewa rarrabuwar kawunansu akan gini da gyarawa kan hanya, - a cikin yaƙar da leaks da dampess duk hanyoyin suna da kyau. A cikin rubutunmu, an yi rababbi na musamman don dacewa da gabatarwa.
A mafi yawancin lokuta, maido da hana raɗaɗɗen ruwa na katangar ginin yana da wahala saboda rashin yiwuwar rami. Kariyar fitarwa daga ciki. Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin tsarin tseren waje da ciki. A cikin farko, matsin lamba daga waje daga waje da ya fara shafi a gindi, na biyu daga gare ta. Saboda haka, bitumen masastic da m suttheled ba sa amfani don hana ruwa ciki. Anan akwai kayan da suka dace da kayayyaki masu dacewa tare da kyakkyawan tasoshin don kankare ko ƙirar tubali. A cikin ayyukan ciki, har yanzu shafi, har yanzu shafi, ya shiga ciki, magudanar filastik tare da cire ruwa tare da famfo, da sauransu.
Kayan cikin allura da fasahar
Akwai fasahar ruwa mai hana ruwa wanda ya kirkira a cikin USSR tun daga 30s na xxvenk. Yana amfani da ramuka a cikin bango da tushe wanda ba ku damar yin maganin maganin ciminti ko gilashi na ruwa tare da ɗan bindiga daga ginin da ƙasa. Don haka mai hana ruwa "sarcophagus", kuma an dawo da katangar ruwa ta waje ba tare da aiwatar da masu ƙasa ba.
Yawan matsalolin da ke tattare da ruwa ruwa, hanyoyin don maganinsu da kudaden da aka yi ba su ƙare da jerin abubuwan da ke sama ba. Amma game da wannan, na gaba.
A Editocin godiya a Atomstroy, "Gidrospetsproekt", "Convent-Center", "Spetsgeostroy", "Templesystem", Tesserevis, Triad Holding domin taimako a shiri na kayan.