Polymer bututu: selope, zazzabi, nau'ikan polypropylene, Popularancin kayan aiki.
Fineco hawa hawa da kuma kayan welding 
Abin da wani mutum yake ji a gaban tanki mai ruwa, kasan da bangon an rufe shi da mashin mukeus, ci girman ci gaban asalin da ba a sani ba. Haka kuma, duba a cikin wannan ruwa a cikin microscope kuma gano wanzuwar shi ba mai wahala bane ga cikin mutum Flora da Fauna. Tunanin, kuna ba da wannan ruwa don sha, pre-ciwon kogin: ƙara chlorine zuwa ruwa
Dukkanin abubuwan da ke sama cikakke yana nufin ƙarfe ko bututun ruwan ƙarfe, daga abin da ba ƙarni, sau da yawa har ma ba tare da tafasa ba. Wannan a sakamakon haka, likitoci da ma'aikata na ikon da ake yi na al'adu sanannu ne.
Don haka, yanayin rashin bege? Kwantar da hankali, komai ba shi da kyau kamar yadda zai iya zama. A farkon, shekaru goma zuwa kasuwar Rasha don yin bututun ƙarfe da kayan aikin da ba a san su ba da kayan da ba a san su ba. Abubuwan da suka sanya sababbin fasahohi don kwanciya bututu daga polyethylene, Bribyprosslene, polyvropylene, polyvropylene, polyvinyl chloride, daga polymer. Viyul 1996. Kwamfutar Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Ginin Rasha sun yanke shawarar "Binciken filin aikace-aikacen bututun mai, wanda ya tabbatar da karyawar kayan aiki daga polymeric kayan. A yanzu, ƙa'idoji da yawa suna aiki a Rasha, tsara amfani da bututun polymer a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa. (VALPACH NAP-40-101, Snip 2.04.01-85, Snip 3.05.01-80, ch 550-82, da sauransu, da sauransu, da sauransu.
Yankin bututu, haɗa da slated sassan daga kayan polymeri na polymel yana matuƙar girma. Zamu maida hankali kan matsalar ruwan sanyi da zafi, mafi kyawun mafita, a cewar mafi yawan ƙwararrun ruwa, polyveryl chloride, polybutene da sauran kayan polymeric. Tuni shekara da yawa a duk faɗin duniya, polypropylene yana jin daɗin kyakkyawar amana.
A Rasha, kamfanonin gida da na gida a Rasha a Rasha a Burtaniya a fagen samar da ruwa daga polymers. Yana da himma yana neman ƙarfafa kamfanin Jamusawa Aquathemgrbh, ana iya samun bututun a cikin koren polyplropylene da kuma a cikin layin teku da ake kira EKOPLASS suna ba da tushe na Italiya. Tsarin ƙasa na kayan, Majalisar da kuma shigarwa da kayan aiki masu amfani suna kara da Turkiyya ta Turkiyya, wacce bututun da ke cikin Wallafi na Rasha ", duk abin da ya wajaba don gina bututun ruwa na Rasha a shirye suke Don samar da kamfanonin Moscow guda biyu: "Tekking" da "Mont".
Koyaya, jagoranci a cikin filin shigarwa na bututun ruwa na XXIVEK daga bututun Polypropylerene da Gazaniers a Rasha ne da tabbaci a cikin shigarwa na ruwa Wadatar da kuma sayar da kayan daga polypropylene, kuma ku ciyar da babban koyarwa - aiki akan shirye-shiryen kwararrun ma'aikata da kuma himma akan karni na "bututun fasali" na karni na gaba.
Polypropylene shine babban sunan gaba daya na polymers, wasu daga ciki ana amfani da su a gini. Ana amfani da umarnin bututun da haɗi da waɗannan nau'ikan polypropylene:
- Rubuta 1 (PP-1) Anyi amfani da farko don samar da ruwan sanyi, azaman bututun fasaha da bututun fasaha.
- Rubuta 3 (PP-3) ko "Copolymer bazuwar", Tsarin Kasuwanci na PPRC. Abun ciki daga shi ana amfani da shi don ruwan sanyi da ruwan zafi tare da ruwan sha na yau da kullun bai wuce 70s ba.
- Mai kula da 5216/34 Polypropylene, wanda aka kera shi da Hiechst, da Ppp , bututu daga waɗanda suke da tsawon zafin jiki zuwa 95C kuma ana iya amfani dashi wajen dumama tsarin.
A cikin Rasha, Polypropylene PP-3 (PPRC) ya sami mafi girman rarraba. An halicci ta da babban kwanciyar hankali na kaddarorin, musamman juriya ga lalata da fasahar fasa jiki a cikin yanayin zafi. Wannan kayan bai canza kayan jiki da na sunadarai ba. A ciki na ciki na PPRC yana kawar da ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin fungal. Gudummawar Polypropylene ya gamsar da mafi mahimmancin bukatun muhalli na zamani.
Tube Polypropylene, ya bambanta da ƙarfe, bai tara adon lemun tsami ba, ba a lalata shi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin waje ba, yana mai tsauri da acid, a cikin taro daban-daban, a cikin daban-daban taro a cikin ruwan sha. Lokacin da daskarewa ruwa, bututun PPRC Polypropylene ba a lalata bututun PPRPropropylene ba. Abubuwan da ba su da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yana nufin rashin bin aikin lalacewa na kuɗin yawo da ferruture.
Sharar lokacin da aka sanya ko walda polypropylene bututu ba komai bane. Saurin waɗannan ayyukan a kwatanta da bututun ƙarfe shine sau 2-4 mafi girma. Amma babban fa'idar irin fa'idar da bututu ke da ƙasa: sun kusan 30% masu rahusa fiye da Galvanized Karfe na wannan diamita iri ɗaya. IETE ba tare da yin la'akari da farashin ayyukan ba!
Rashin amincin sabis na PRPRC na bututun PPRC a cikin tsarin ruwan sanyi aƙalla shekaru 50, a cikin tsarin ruwa mai zafi (a zazzabi ba shekaru 25.
Kowannenmu ya san menene shigarwa ko maye gurbin tsarin famfo daga bututun ƙarfe. Wannan shi ne ma'aikatan da ke da nauyi da mara nauyi a Wanedetlen, mirgine na ganuwar karfe da mamayewar karfe ana fara, babu komai a lokacin da lahani na haɗi. Misali, shigarwa wani babban bututun ruwa daga bututun mai da aka gina a cikin manyan gida biyu da ma'aikata guda hudu sun dauki mako guda hudu. Wani mako guda ya tafi gyara bangon da ya fashe.
Kuma yanzu kuna tunanin irin wannan hoton. Ranar Bashin Busbar a ƙofar gidan an kore shi "Zhiguli" tare da ingantaccen tari na bututun dusar ƙanƙara. Farashi na filastik tare da haɗa sassa, ƙarfafa ƙarfafa, fastener da harka tare da kayan aiki ana fitar da shi daga akwati. Maɓallan mutane biyu da ke cikin kamfanonin sutura masu haske suna yin nauyi a fili waɗanda ba su da nauyi a cikin ɗakin. An yanka Musamman na musamman na almakashi a cikin guda na tsawon da ake so. Bayan rabin sa'a, a cewar aikin, sun fara farawa ne a wuraren mahadi na nan gaba a cikin ramukan da aka riga aka aikata ramuka a bango.
Sa'a daya daga baya, komai ya shirya don tuntuɓar Welding Welding (Welding by Fusion) bututu. Taken mako-mako daga babban bututu a kan benaye ya kamata a cire shi zuwa bayan gida zuwa bayan gida, gidan wanka, zuwa dafa abinci, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin, a garejin. Bayan hutawa rabin sa'a, ma'aikatan suna cire kayan aikin lantarki na musamman daga shari'ar da aka samu, wanda ke ba ka damar zafi saman sassan polypropylene sassan 260c. Shugabannin da za'a maye gurbinsu guda biyu da aka maye gurbinsu da hannayen riga da dorms a kan girman sassan da aka gyara suna jan hankalin kayan da ke da zafi.
Abubuwan da aka haɗa sun kasance masu digiri tare da tampon, moistened da barasa. Na gaba, an saka bututun a cikin hannun riga, kuma an haɗa su da ɗan fargaba na walda, inda aka mai tsanani a kan diamita na samfuran samfuran da dama Zuwa 40 seconds), bayan da an saka bututun a cikin tee zuwa zurfin alama alama da pencil axiil. Adireshin da yake da zafi yana ɗimbin rabin minti (don bututu mai bakin ciki, tsawon lokacin har yanzu yana gajarta ne), ana auna samfuran a matakin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya. Ana yin irin aiki iri ɗaya don haɗa wani ɓangaren kuma lokacin da aka yanke bututun bututun na gaba.
Welding yana ɗaukar kimanin awa biyu. Kayan aikin gine-gine suna buƙatar ƙarin lokaci. Shigowar aiki yana faruwa da buƙatar haɗi mai ɗaukar hoto ga bututun ƙarfe na babban ruwan sha. Don yin wannan, an yanke sassa a cikin bututun ƙarfe da haɗin bututun mai na musamman da aka haɗa (Polypropylene Karfe ko wasu kayan ƙarfe an sanya bawul.
A ƙarshen ranar aiki, ana aiki da ruwa a cikin riser. Maigidan da Foreman wuce gidan: ba wani yanki guda ba! Dangane da kwangilar, ana ganin aikin. Sadarwa na shekara, kamfanin ya kasance batun hidimar garanti kyauta na tsarin da ƙwararrun sa.
A cikin shahararrun darajar polyprophylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) da chloridelyl chloride (CPVVC) an bi su. Mai Taro a fagen kirkirar tsarin samar da ruwa da kuma dumama daga wadannan kayan shine Ba'amurke Nibco, kuma sun nemi amfani a cikin ginin gidaje. An sami nasarar tsarin amfani da kwastomomi da masu gudana a cikin Amurka tsawon shekaru 30. Dangane da alamomin PVC da CPVC, gaba daya mai kama da PRPRC-3 da masu karbar bakuncin 5216/34 polypropylene (PPH). Onno PVC bututun sun banbanta da sauran kaddarorin babban wuta: Zaɓalar zafin jiki na polyvinyl chilyvinyl chillide ya wuce 433C, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da bututu daga wannan kayan don dunkule wuta na kashe tsarin. Polyvinyl chloride downing tsarin suna halatta don amfani da 35% na maganin Toosol. A ƙarshe, suna da tsayayya ga tasirin inginin fiye da Polypropylene. Kudin polyvinyl butlodi yana ƙasa da karfe Galumi.
Garinberglass bututun suna zama babban mai gasa na bututun ƙarfe. Sun yi tsayayya da babban (har zuwa matakai 100) matsin lamba, mai tsaurin zafi da tsayayya da ruwan zafi. Suna da ikon rama kansu, a wasu yanayi za'a iya rufe su a kankare. Kudin bututunberglass bututun yana sama da ƙarfe, amma rayuwar sabis ɗin su sau 3-5 more.
Kwanan nan, bututu daga stitted polyethylene (mai hana polyethylene) wanda Yaren mutanen Sweden ya kirkira daga Yaren mutanen Sweden Rehhau sun bayyana a kasuwar Rasha. An san shi ta hanyar sassauci (bututu za a iya lanƙwasa a kowane kwana), sanyi, sanyi, juriya ga oronion, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin dumama na gida maimakon ruwa. Zazzabi na aikin Yaren mutanen Sweden tsarin- har zuwa95s (m yanayin zuwa 110 ° C), matsi mai aiki ya kai 100 ° C), matsin lamba sama zuwa 10thmmmmpheresspress da yanayin gajere). Ana iya aiwatar da shigarwa ta kayan aiki na hannu ba tare da glupp ba, waldi da sodering, wanda ya dace sosai a cikin filin. Memorywaƙwalwar polyethylene tana da ƙwaƙwalwar kwayoyin halitta: shigarwa bututun "a kan abin da ya shafi tagulla, formingarfin wanne, ya fifita ƙarfin bututun da kanta. Kudin bututu daga polyethylene ya fi sama da karfe Galunci, amma rayuwar sabis a cikin 3rt ya fi girma.
Raisin hawa Rahau- tsarin amfani da akwatin Ergonic don shigarwa na dumama da hanyoyin sadarwa na lantarki. A wannan yanayin, kwalin wiring wiring na akwatin ya kasance koyaushe koyaushe hermemic, zazzabi a ciki baya wuce 30s.
A cikin ruwan sanyi da zafi mai dumama, bututu da aka yi da polybutene da kuma livinylidelide fi so wanda za a iya amfani da shi. An rarrabe su ta hanyar zazzabi da juriya na sinadarai, wanda ya qara amfani da amfani da nazarin fasahar halitta, da kuma tsarin dumama tare da ƙwararrun zazzabi. Irin waɗannan bututun, amma, sun fi tsada fiye da duk abubuwan da ke sama. Tsarin aikin su yana buƙatar horo na musamman.
Tare da fito da sabbin fasahohi, al'adar matattarar yanki, wanda shi ma yana da alaƙa a cikin tsinkayen 'yan ƙasa da mai buguwa da ƙwararren masani. A yau, an maye gurbinsu da mutane masu hankali, da sauri kuma suna aiwatar da aikinsu sosai a ƙimar kamfanin.
Masu gyara suna godiya ga darektan cibiyar horar da NGO "St.s. Mareyko da kwararrun kafawa da kuma kan aiwatar da aiki da kuma shirye-shiryen labarin.