Zuza zafi - Savings Savings

Abubuwan rufi mai zafi: fa'idodi da rashin amfanin abubuwa da kuma rashin daidaituwa na abubuwa daban-daban, filin aikace-aikacen, matakin da ake yi.

Kwanan nan, sabbin takardu akan tanadin zafi da kuma lokacin gyara gidaje da sabis na sadarwa suna tsawaita su da ka'idar biyan da ba ta da iyaka. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa rufin garken gine-ginen mazaunin ya zama ɗayan mahimman matsalolin gini.

Rarraba madarar zafi a cikin rudani yana da matsala sosai game da yanayin rufin da yake tsaye a cikin ƙasa da kuma aikin gida, tunda an gama aiwatar da farashi mai sau 3-4. Da yawan adadin kayan rufewa da aka samar a cikin Capita, Russia shine sau 5-7 na ƙasa da Sweden, Amurka da Finland. Adadin yana nuna rarraba asarar zafi ta hanyar abubuwan da aka tsara daban-daban na tsarin tsinkaye iri-iri (R, m2k / w) a cikin gidan 120m2. Avea rufi na tubalin bango polystyrene kumfa tare da kauri 80mm yana ba da damar rage takamaiman mai amfani da lokacin hawan yanayi fiye da sau 4.

An raba kayan rufewa da yawa zuwa manyan kungiyoyi da yawa:

Gilashin da fiberglass;

Ma'adinan ulu;

Gas mai cike da Gas (kumfa): polystyrene kumfa, polystyrene kumfa, polyurthyrene kumfa, polyethylene, polyethylene, polyethylene, polyster, daga kumfa;

Rufi da zafi daga kayan halitta da samfuran aikinsu (jam'in zirga-zirga, tubalan peat, takarda, da sauransu);

Bangarori rufin bangarori da tsarin;

Gyara kankare: kankare kankare (kumfa na sano), polystyrene bauton;

Rufin zafi dangane da roba roba;

Rufin zafi daga sharar silicon.

Gidaje gida tare da kayan itace (Finland) da yalwataccen nau'ikan kayan rufewa da aka nuna a cikin tebur. Don gina, ba shakka, ya fi kyau daga kayan tare da kayan rufewa mai rufi, kamar kumfa (Mk), 0.07-0..08 tubalan "gecar" gecar "(Wetinafret, mafi kyawun aiki na Helikal). Amma sau da yawa akwai matsalar rufin filaye na ginin tubalin ƙasa. GASKIYA A CIKIN SAUKI CIKIN SAUKI Kayan aiki tare da yawan matsakaici ba fiye da 200 kg / M3 da graft. Kasa da 1-10 shekaru da sauri da sauri, don 5-10 shekaru da sauri da sauri, don biyan kuɗi da sauri. na babban rufin da kuma wasu kayan gini ke nuna.

Game da 240mLN an kashe kan dumama a cikin kasar. Ton na mai mai. Wannan 20% na jimlar yawan makamashi na ƙasar

Da farko dai, yawan masu inganci ne Gilashin da kayan ma'adinai na ma'adinai Raunin wanda a cikin samar da rufi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan 40-60%. Amfanin su na wuta ne, juriya na sinadarai, kwanciyar hankali mai kwanciyar hankali, karfin danshi mai ban sha'awa da kuma kayan kwalliya mai kyau. An daɗe an san gilashin da aka rasa wanda aka samu wanda aka rage daga cikin kasawarsa, yana yin amfani da shi, har yanzu ana amfani da shi ga mafi yawan aikin waje ko kuma rufin wuraren zama. Ka ba da shawarar gilashin gilashi don rufin wuraren zama ba zai yiwu ba, amma idan an riga an yi shi sosai daga ɗakin kanta.

Ikon samun manyan abubuwan rufewa

Nau'in bayanan insulating	Ganuwar	Rufi	Daɓe	Rufi	Tushe, cocoln. daɓe
Frosades	Na waje	Na ciki	Masonry (Matsakaici Layer)	Uku-jikoki
Fiberglass da fiberglass Ursa, Icevert	+.	+.	+.	+.	-	+.	+.	+.	-
Sabbinna	+.	+.	+.	+.	-	+.	+.	+.	-
Presimal Passari poll		+.	+.	+.	+.	+.	+.	+.	-
Fitowa polystyrene kumfa	+.	+.	+.	+.	+.	+.	+.	+.	+.
FoIl Polyethylene Foam	+.	+.	+.	-	-	+.	+.	+.	+.
Corkboard Corkboard	+.	+.	+.	-	-	-	+.	-	-
Takarda ya daidaita.		+.	+.	+.	-	+.	+.	+.	-
Peat-Free Tubalan "Geocar"	+.	+.	+.	+.	-	-	+.	+.	-
Yaudara kumfa	+.	+.	+.	-	-	-	+.	+.	-
Polystyrevbeton nizb	+.	+.			-	-	-	-	-
Dangane da roba roba (*)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Daga silicon samarwa shara	+.	+.	+.	-	-	+.	+.	+.	+.

* - roba mai roba mai roba (armaaflexht da AC) wanda ya dace don bututun

Yanzu ana wakiltar rufin yanayin zafi mai inganci a kan kasuwar Rasha. Kayan daga fiberglass Da yawa daga cikin masana'antun kasashen waje. Wadannan kayan suna da ɗan tsada, amma tare da su sauki da sauƙi kuma mafi dacewa, kuma mafi dacewa, kuma mafi mahimmanci, yana da aminci a aiki. Gabatar da layin da kuke buƙata don ambaton manyan masana'antun masana'antu biyu na kayan rufewa. IsoDoveroy (Finland) wata ƙungiya ce mafi girma da mafi girma gilashin a duniya ta shafi (Faransa) Sonbaa (Faransa). Netoverovery yana samar da gilashin caca C1941G. Kuma shi ne mafi girman masana'antar zafi-insulating a Finland (Kasuwancin Kasuwanci Na isover ) da acoustic ( Akstto. ) Abubuwan. A shekara-shekara samar da gilashin caca sun wuce tan 40000. Wannan kamfanin yana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da kayan kwalliya zuwa Rasha.

Kayan ado na waje na bangon da aka tsara rufin Ursa. - Wannan ya yi rijistar Alamar kasuwanci ta duniya ta kayan rufewa daga fiber na ƙanana, masana'antu a masana'antar Pfleerer (Jamus). A cikin Rasha kasuwar, kayayyakin da duniya-sanannen iri na URSA- hadin gwiwa Rasha-German sha'anin "Flyerer-Childo" an samar a kan TU 5763-002-002-87697-97.

Da kera fiberglass yana faruwa kusan 1500s. Ana matsar da gilashin cikin gletten ta hanyar faranti tare da ramuka tare da diamita na 4-5 microns. A sakamakon 'yan bindiga suna da kauri na kusan 6 -emron, wanda B20 yake kasa da kauri daga cikin gashin gashi. To, don tsabtace su tsakanin kansu, ana fesa masu ƙwararru na musamman akan Aerosol. Daga cikin gilashin taro, samfuran samfuran da ake so da yawa waɗanda ke zuwa ga zafin rana ana multed. A zazzabi na 250 ° C, polymerization na masu alaƙa ya faru, kuma kayan ya sami halayen da suka dace. A lokaci guda, ana iya amfani da kayan fannoni daban-daban zuwa farfajiya na kayan: takarda na Kraft, silinum fallo, fiberglass, kayan marasa kyau, da sauransu.

Tsarin rufin fuska ta amfani da kayan zafin jiki na Slab a cikin nau'in Rolls da laushi, Semi-Riki da m matsi da yawa.

Ana samar da kayan rufin cikin gida a cikin kayan Rolls (101.6 M da 50mm lokacin farin ciki) a ƙarƙashin sunan alamu "Termavoyozol" (Chant. = 0.036 W / (MK).

Kwanan nan, babbar gasa ita ce "dutse", kuma mafi mahimmanci kamar yadda aka saba gilashin kayan insulating. Basalt, Wats rockwool. (Denmark) da Paroc na Parek (Finland). Wannan abu ne mai son rayuwa mara kyau tare da kaddarorin ruwa, amma a lokaci guda tururi-permeable. A cikin kayan zafin rana-mai zafi, kayan basalt shine mafi girma ga gilashin da yawa, duk da haka, sun fi tsada. Wadannan kayan suna nufin gungun marasa karfi. Abubuwan rufin shara da aka yi da polymers ko takarda a wutar da aka ƙone na 5 da minti. Heaters da aka yi da grooves gilashi a zazzabi na 650c, wanda aka cimma kusan minti 7 tare da wuta na al'ada, ya narke cikin ƙwallon gilla. Yanzu, ulu mai ma'adinai a kan tushen Basalt ba a narke ba kuma ba ya yin sifa ko a zazzabi na 1000C.

Gilashi da Basalt Insulating kayan aiki ba shi da lafiya don samarwa da amfani da batun fasahar aiki da shawarar

Rockwool damuwa shine jagoran duniya a cikin samar da gini da warewar fasaha dangane da "dutse".

Basalt Wat Petock (Finland) yana kiyaye aminci daga zafin rana, kuma daga informing kayan paroc daban-daban kuma an samar da su a cikin nau'ikan masu yawa da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta) don amfanin su sosai. Ya danganta da yawan ƙimar halayen da ke da ƙirarsu na ƙirarsu daga0.034 zuwa 0.042W / (MK). Batun zafi da ke thereter kwanan nan ya bayyana a kasuwar Rasha Nobasil. Ana amfani da izomat (Slovakia) don rufin rufewa, bango da jinsi, tsari na kayan faranti, wanda aka samar a cikin samfuran faranti.

Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan rufi mai zafi - polymers mai gas. Mafi yawanci na yau da kullun kuma ana amfani dasu sosai Polyfoam (polystyrene kumfa) . Rage juriya da wuta da flamman na kumfa ba mai hana a lokacin amfani da su a cikin tsarin da aka yi tare da kankare ko bulo.

Hanyar Polystyrene kumfa ta Polystyrene (gargajiya don Rasha), ko hanyar da aka lalata da aka kirkira fiye da shekaru 30 da suka gabata Basf damuwa (Jamus).

Mafi kyawun halayen da yake ciki, wanda shine babban mai nuna alamar rufin kayan zafi na kayan, kowane adadin da yake rage wannan madaidaicin da 4%. Bugu da kari, a cikin hunturu, a cikin danshi polystyrene kumfa faranti, daskarewa da juyawa zuwa kantin kankara, sannu-sannu ya raba mahaɗan na polystyrene polystyrene.

Sigogi na fasaha na wasu kayan masarufi

Nau'in rufin	Madaidaitan aiki na zafi, w / (mk)
Polyal Polyal Polyalpan.	0.02.
Iska	0,022
Polyurene Foolder	0,025
Systrisol (polystyrene)	0,027
Low-e (fenofolgic na wuta)	0,027
Rax (Basalt ulu)	0.035
Rockwool (basalt ulu)	0.035
Polyeneetylene ppy-r 3010	0.035
Rollowing Rolls Linoterm	0.036
INEOTOOT (tuta)	0.038.
Nobasil (Basalt ulu)	0.039
"Penosole" (kumfa)	0.04.
Corkboard Corkboard	0.042.
Ursa (ambaliyar ruwa)	0.044.
Deepata (takarda) mkron	0,046.
Dekwall (Cork rufin)	0.047.
Ramus	0.07
Peat-Free Tubalan "Geocar"	0.07
Bituminous basplast	0.1.
Zafi insulating polcular	0.12.
Itace mai ƙarfi	0.25.
Bushe yashi	0,3.
Neasavoclave Foam kankare	0.45
Fi yarda	0.55
Funny tubali	0,7.

An tsara waɗannan kasawar Fitowa polystyrene kumfa . Samun ƙarancin ruwa mai ƙarfi (ƙasa da kashi0.3%) saboda rufaffiyar kayan aikin ƙasa, don rufin zafi na ƙasa, don rufin filaye na waje, tushe, Bangarorin katunan, inda amfani da sauran rufin da ba zai yiwu ba ga ɗaukar ruwan karkashin kasa. A cikin kasuwar Rasha, Polystyrene Polystyrene ya wakilci damuwa da Basf (Jamus) a karkashin alamar alama (Kompl. = 0.027-0..033 W / (MK) w / (MK).

Don rufin bangon, faranti na ɓataccen kaya polystyrene kumfa polystyrene Foam (tu 2244-003000-95) ana samarwa a cikin farantin faranti tare da tsawon 1.4-0.7 m da Kauri na 10-60 mm CJSC "na kemikal shuka" diger na yankin sverdlovsk a karkashin alamar kasuwanci na irence.

Amma abin rufin polymer na polymer kayan polymer ba ya iyakance ga Fiber Polystyrene. An dade da sanannu sanannu abu ne, wanda ke ba ku damar lokaci guda magance matsalolin thermo-, sauti da ruwa. shi Polyethaded polyethylene kumfa (PPE) . An samar dashi a Rasha fiye da shekaru 10 (tu 6-55-26-89-89e) da tsarin magada a ƙarƙashin samfuran pp-p da "gashin gashi". Kewayon yakan ba ka damar zaɓar ainihin abin da ake buƙata. PPE yana samar da kauri daban-daban: daga zanen gado zuwa lokacin farin ciki (daga22 zuwa 15 mm) kuma an kawo su cikin follower tare da nisa daga cikin0.5 zuwa 1.5 m zuwa sama zuwa 200m. Wannan kayan yana da matukar hadari ga lafiya da kuma, mahimmanci, rakumi na biologically. Tun lokacin da PPE yake da tsarin rufewa, kusan babu ɗaukar danshi mai rai kuma lokacin amfani da shi, ƙarin rufin vapor Layer ba buƙata. A kasuwar Rasha yanzu akwai samfuran samfuran kasashen waje, duk da haka, yana da tsada sosai.

Gidan da aka yi amfani da shi da kayan kayakin kumfa-doko yana da mahimmancin ra'ayi na rufin zamani ne Penofritized kayan . Wannan wani yanki ne na polyethylene kumfa, clamped daga bangarorin biyu ta hanyar aluminium. Abubuwan halaye na wannan yanayin kayan aikin duniya, ma'anar darajar wanda kusan kusan 0.027 w / (MK), wanda kusan B1.5z ya fi kusan gilashin da nauyi.

Muhimmin mutunci shine sauki a cikin wannan kayan aikin thermal: an haɗe shi da bango ta amfani da saitin gini. A matsayin budantarwa, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan rufin yana da cikakken tururi da karatuttukan gas, i.e. Dakin ya daina "numfasa" kuma, idan ba wai shiga cikin iska ba, zaku iya fuskantar sakamakon thermos ko greenhouse.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan zafi tare da yanayin yanayin zafi da ke amfani da ƙasa da 0.06 w / (MK) Biyan kuɗi a cikin shekaru 5-7 saboda tanadin kuzari.

Wani rukuni mai ban sha'awa sosai Rufin da aka sanya daga kayan halitta da samfuran aikinsu . Yawan infulation kayan da aka ƙera daga sharar takarda tare da sawdust, perlite da sauran masu wuya da flumin. An yanka tare da abubuwa abubuwa don rage yawan danshi, antiseptens, irin wannan kayan suna da kyawawan ƙafar ƙasa (MK) kuma ana iya amfani da su don rufe bangon waje, rufi. Ana bayar da kayan a matsayin eco-ruwa ko a cikin nau'i na bangarori.

Yankin tsinkaye na asali na farko yana tsara kayan aikin Khezhenky TLY. Peat-Free Tubalan "Geocar" . Wanda ke cikin bangon waje, toshe (0.50,850,88m) suna da ikon alhakaita na bangon na 8-12 na mu2, da kuma rufin da ke da kai tare da kauri daga 0.5m yayi daidai da kauri Tare da kauri na 2.2 m (graft. = 0.078 w / (MK). Kuma mutuncin rashin tabbas game da wannan kayan shine tsabtar da ta halitta.

Quite sabon insulator na zafi ne Faranti da kuma rolls daga cork cork . Abubuwan da aka yi ne daga waje na bounter na bumex na burin kwaro itacen oak. Kayayyakin da aka yi da bututun ƙarfe suna da bayyanar da kyakkyawar bayyanar, suna da muhalli kuma ana amfani dasu don rufin gidaje, yayin yin shinge na ado aiki. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da cork don rufi na benaye. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da garkuwar latsa corkal a kan rufin fushin firgita da ganuwar waje.

Bukatar a ambaci O. Tsarin gini na musamman , kamar su "gidan mai ɗumi", "Fassolite", bango mai zafi, da sauransu, da sauransu) da kuma a kan tsarin tsoratar da tsari ("isode 2,000" da "thmomour" da "thmorour" ).

Don haka, bayan fara rufi na gidanka, kuna da kyakkyawan damar da za a zaɓa da amfani da kayan insasan wadancan kayan masarufi waɗanda suka fi dacewa don magance matsaloli suna fuskantar matsaloli.

Sigogi na fasaha na wasu gilashin da filayen ulu

Fir Masalila	Abu	Brand / Duba	Madaidaitan aiki na zafi, w / (mk)	Farashi, $ / m2
ITOOTOHOHOT (FINLAND)	Gilashin gilla	KT-11 / Mirgine	0.041-0.036	Daga 2.
CT / yi	0.041-0.036
KL / KLOVE	0.041-0.033
KL-A / farantin	0.041-0.033
Ursa (Russia-Jamus)	Gilashin gilla	M-11; M-15;		Daga 3.
M-17 / Mirgiri	0.046-0.044
P-15; P-17 / Plate	0.046-0.044
Paroc (Finland)	Basalt wat.	IL / murhu	0,0365	Daga 6.
A-il / farantin	0,0335
Im / yi	0,0365
Rockwool (Denmark)	Basalt wat.	Kayan kwalliya / farantin	0.035	Daga 5.
Batts-42, -40, -48 / Plate	0.035-0.033
-80; -100; -160 / murhu	0.035-0.033
Mirgine / Mirgine	0.036