Ka'idodi da kuma ikon yin girma don ayyukan waje da na ciki, taƙaitaccen aji, shawarwarin shaida, hukuma shawarwari ga masu amfani.
Kalmar Rasha "varish" ta fito ne daga Jamusanci rasa daga yaren Farisa. Karatun "dubu da daya dare" ko wasu tatsuniyoyi na Asiya, muna da fiye da zarar mun haɗu da kwatancin mutane masu tamani
Don haka mun kusanci wani rukunin rukuni na kayan gini, wato marnancis. A cikin sharuddan aikace-aikace da kayan tushe, su, kamar zanen, suna da bambanci sosai. Da alama mafi yawanci kwanan nan, zaɓin ya iyakance ga lacquers na NC, PF da kayan aikin PF biyu, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun da aka shigo da su.
Don sauƙaƙa mana mu fahimci kaddarorin da kuma ikon karaya, zamuyi kokarin rarrabe su. Da farko, tabbas hanya ce mafi sauƙi, sun rarrabu gwargwadon kayan aikin da aka bi da (itace, ƙarfe ko gindi). Wajibi ne a sa ido nan da nan yi babbar sha'awa a tsakanin maginin da kuma Jagora al'ada ke haifar da rawar da aka yiwa, don haka za a biya su musamman da su. Don kariya da kayan ado na karfe da filayen ma'adinai, a matsayin mai mulkin, an yi amfani da shi ko fari na masana'antun yamma) ana amfani da su. Mun karbe su don kiran enamels da sifa ga launuka.
Za'a iya raba sa'a zuwa ƙungiyoyi ta yawan kayan aikin. Kwanan nan, yawancin yawancin bambance-bambancen sune bangaren ɗaya, kodayake akwai wasu nau'ikan musamman, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da aka adana abubuwa biyu ko fiye da aka adana a cikin tankuna daban-daban. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da kayan tare da abubuwan da aka adana fiye da biyu a rayuwar yau da kullun. Da kuma kayan haɗin gida biyu na gida voanishes da acid yana ɗaukar yawancinmu da yawa daga cikin mu aka yi amfani da shi akai-akai.
Zane na wasu zanen gida da kuma varnnishes don sinadarai na kayan aikin fim-forming
Alkyd-acrylic - Masu magana; Alkudy-urethane - AU; Polyurehane - ur; Polyackl - AK; Bitumen - bt; Polyester - pe; Glyphthald - gf; Mai - MA; Pennationfalatanes - PF; Carbamide - Mch; Nitrocellulose - nc; Epoxy - ep; Perchlorvinyl - IL; Polyvinila acetate - va. Epoxy epoxy - EF.Tabbas, rarrabuwa na ainihin kayan yana da mahimmanci. An muhimmanci siga na wani la-kafa abu ne tsabtace muhalli. A wannan batun, ruwa na tushen varnishes suna bambanta - su ne ba tare da mai guba abubuwa da kusan odorless. Kusan dukkan kayan da ke da karfin gaske da karfi, sabili da haka ana buƙatar iska dakin yayin aiki. Jimlar hassan 'yan shekarun nan shine ci gaba kuma mafi girman amfani da abubuwan da ba na vigis ba, wanda zai baka damar aiki tare da su ba tare da kariya daga hukumomin numfashi ba.Don haka, menene varniyanci? Wannan shi ne jerin fi na kowa kayan da suke da daban-daban da kwasfansu, ko, kamar yadda suka sukan kira, film-forming: epoxy, alkyd, acrylic (acrylate), alkyd-polyurethane, acrylate-polyurethane, bituminous, mai, nitro-nitroepoxide , perchlorvinyl, polyester, Urethane. Wannan, ba shakka, ba kowane irin varnishes ba ne. A cikin ƙamus za ku sami taƙaitaccen bayani game da yawancinsu.
Nau'in Paints da varnishes domin ganawa
| Paints da varnishes | Rukuni | Yanayi na aiki coatings |
|---|---|---|
| M | ɗaya | Kayan kwalliya, mai tsayayya da tasirin atmospheric a cikin yanayin yanayi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da su a cikin wuraren budewa |
| Limited ATMOSPHERPST | 2. | Kayan kwalliya da aka yi amfani da shi a ƙarƙashin alfarwa da kuma a ciki mai zafi da kuma ba a taɓa ɗauka ba a cikin yanayin yanayi daban-daban |
| Mashahuri | 3. | Coatings domin kariyar wucin-gadi na fentin surface a kan aiwatar da samar, sufuri da kuma lokacin da adanar kayayyakin |
| Ruwa mai ruwa | huɗu | Coatings, resistant da sakamakon sabo ruwa da kuma ta vapors, kazalika da teku ruwa |
| Na musamman | biyar | Mayafi tare da takamaiman kaddarorin, kamar tsayayya wa onizing radiation, hygangiji, anti-zame, da sauransu. |
| Man fetur da kuma iskar gas-resistant | 6. | Sawks, mai tsayayya da mai da kuma abin da ya ƙunshi mai, man fetur, kerosene da sauran samfuran mai |
| chemically resistant | 7. | Coatings, resistant da sakamakon acid, alkalis da sauran ruwa sinadaran reagents da su vapors |
| Zafi-resistant | takwas | Mayaka, mai tsayayya da yanayin zafi |
| Wayoyin lantarki da wayoyi masu lantarki | tara | Suttura da aka fallasa ga wutar lantarki |
Wasu masana'antun da kaya na varnishes
- Tpo "Palette Rus"- Association "StroyKompleks"- Moscow Wakilin Moscowing damuwa Baltic Launi (Alamar Vivacolor) - Parratraja LLC
- Llc "sujro"
- Maffert ag (Dufa, Flamingo) (Jamus)
- Ofishin wakili na Alkro-Beckers Ab (Sweden) - Compration da Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci "Frescho".
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci lokacin zabar wani varnish shine wuri (abu) na aikace-aikacen su. Anan zaka iya zaɓar manyan kungiyoyi huɗu. Na farko ya hada da parquet varnishes. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wanda aka haɗa da alyd-polyurethane da acrylate-polyurethane da acrytate-polyurethane, waɗanda aka rufe da wasu kayayyaki da sauran kayayyaki da aka rufe don kammala daga cikin benaye a maimakon kayan aiki biyu da acrylate-polyurethane. Rukuni na biyu shine abin da ake kira wani jirgin ruwa. An rarrabe su da ƙarfi sosai da ƙarfi ga yanayin yanayi, don haka ana amfani da su don kammala kayan lambu da samfuran katako waɗanda ke da hasken rana, ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara, zafi da sanyi. Mafi yawa shine rukuni na varnishes ga kayan ado da na kariya da na kariya daga cikin wurare daban-daban a ciki da waje. Hyungiya ta musamman ita ce kayan daki.
Yawancin fasahar zamani ana amfani da su don dalilai iri-iri: Parquet, alal misali, don kammala ƙofofin kayan ado daga itace, jiragen ruwa - don rufe benaye.
Da yake magana da varnishes, sau da yawa amfani da ma'anoni: Babban-mai sheki, peeled, matte ko rabi-daya. Kuma idan tare da manufofin mai laushi da kuma Matte komai a bayyane (bisa ga ma'anar ƙamus na mai hankali na Greaswy - mai haske, da Matte - Kakin zuma ko coolant shine matsakaici matsakaici. Mai shekaye yana da alaƙa (Grost 869-69) an kwatanta shi ta hanyar canji a cikin haske mai haskakawa daga saman haske daga saman da aka auna a matsayin kashi ɗaya ta amfani da na'urar ta musamman. Don mai girman launi, mataki na haske shine kusan 80-90%, Semi-raka'a - 40-50, Semi-Muguwar - 10-15%.
Kuma a cikin ƙarshen kalmomi kaɗan game da hanyoyin varniyanci. Kamar dai mafi yawan masu amfani, varnives za a iya amfani da goga, roller ko ta spraying. Kwanan nan, maimakon goga ko roller, ana amfani da goge na fure na musamman. Bugu da kari, akwai ƙarin hanyoyi guda uku (lokacin da ake amfani da zane-zane guda uku (lokacin da aka yi amfani da su) varnish. Sunayen biyu daga cikinsu suna magana da kansu - dipping da kuma zuba. Amma kada kuyi tunanin cewa an sanya launin varnish da hannu da hannu a saman, yana yin injin lambatal na musamman. Amma na uku, hanyar da ba a saba da ita ba ta vatasishoing tare da gurbi mai ban sha'awa (Raquel) da aka yi amfani da ita sosai a cikin aikin gyara, lokacin da yake rufe manyan kwararru. Layer ya zama mai santsi da bakin ciki, babu wasu dimi, thickening da lahani waɗanda ba makawa ta kafa ko goga. Kuma saboda ƙarancin kauri daga cikin Layer, an rage kwararar mai fure ta sau 3-3.5.
Janar shawarwari
- Don kare benayen da ake amfani da kaya masu nauyi, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da lacquer na polyurethane tare da karuwar juriya idan aka ƙara sanya juriya idan aka kwatanta da acrylate da alkylate.- Kowane ƙarin ƙarin Layer na varnish yana ba da gudummawa ga kwanciyar hankali ga tasirin ATMOSPHERISTS.
- Zai fi kyau amfani da yadudduka biyu na bakin ciki fiye da kauri.
- Dubar slit a cikin itacen katako, maimakon Putty, ana amfani da cakuda varnish da sawdust.
- Mafi yawan mafita na kayan haɗin guda biyu masu guba ne, suna iya ɗaukar katako na CarbomIDfordehyde, suna da wari mai kaifi. Lokacin aiki tare da su, ya kamata kuyi amfani da safofin hannu na roba, masu numfashi, tabarau kuma kuna buƙatar yin barna da kyau.
Biyu ko uku na varna a kan bushe, wanda aka daidaita, wanda aka tsarkaka daga turɓaya, ana amfani da datti, tsohuwar varnish da kayan kwalliya ana amfani da su don samun kyawawan suttura. A lokaci guda, mafi matsakaici Layer yawanci ana goge ta da fata fata tare da tsananin P120-P150 (Yana da farko kada ku ɗauki madaidaicin kamuwa da shi na gaba) da ƙura a hankali cire. Idan ana amfani da varnish ga tsohuwar rufi, to yana da nika kuma cire lagging da peeling mãkirci. A daidaita saman tare da putty launi mai dacewa.
Ba a buƙatar mafi yawan bambance-bambancen guda biyu-guda ɗaya ba don tsarma kafin varnishing. Idan kana son pre-cutarwa a farfajiya tare da varnish, sannan a wannan yanayin dole ne a dillatar da kashi 10 zuwa5%. Yawancin kamfanoni suna ba amfani da vanis na musamman mai bushewa na musamman. Saboda karuwar abubuwan da ba wadatattun abubuwa ba, zasu iya cika ƙananan fasa, wanda shine fa'idar irin wannan vonnis. Bugu da kari, lokacin amfani da su, ana amfani da amfani da vurnish na varnish da muhimmanci sosai (1.5-2 sau).
Don guje wa faduwa, bayyanar shuɗi (a kan lokaci) da sauran lahani na yau da kullun, ana bada shawara don kare itaciyar, wanda muka rubuta a cikin n 3 na 2000.
Farashi na varnishes suna cikin iyakance mai kyau. Kuma idan kilomita 1 na kayan aikin samar da gida daga 20 zuwa 35 rubles. ($ 0.75-1.5), sannan samfuran alamomin zamani na muhalli suna da tsada sosai. Misali, "Moscow na varnish" zai kashe ku game da $ 3 a cikin 1 lita, "Svyatazar 93" - daga $ 3.2 a kowace 1 kg. Farashi don sa'a an shigo da samarwa - daga $ 5-5.5 zuwa $ 13-17 da 1 lita. Zasu zama kashi 10-12% idan kun sayi su a cikin kananan fakitin, amma a cikin tankunan 10-12 lita. Yawan Changanish a lokacin shirya masana'antun masana'antu an ƙaddara su a hanyoyi daban-daban - a cikin lita ko kilo. Idan an ƙidaya raka'a na ma'auni, ya kamata a ɗauka a tuna cewa matsakaita na 1 lita na launin fata yana da taro na 1.25 kilogiram (ingantaccen dabi'un ya dogara da alamar varnish).
Tsarin zane na zane-zane
| Duba lkm. | Pf-283 varnish | Varn VD AK-163 |
|---|---|---|
| Ka lura da kayan samar da fim | PF - Pengfalian | Vd - watsawa, AK - acrylate |
| Tsara ƙungiyar lkm don babban maƙasudi | 2 - Haɗa Atmoshheric resistant | 1 - atMospherpostyy |
| Yawan lambar da aka sanya wa wannan lkm | 83 - Lambar Lambar | 63 - Lambar Taya |
| Tsarin magana da launi | m | - |
Kayan fenti don aikin cikin gida da waje na waje
| M, kasar | Mark Laka | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dalarki | |||
| Ruwa | Farin ruhu | Skidar ko N 646 | |
| ICI-PINIGS, Ingila | Dulux Topcoat * | ||
| Veraline, Faransa | Vitri Parquet ** | Vernis Larmris-frisette * | |
| AKZO Nobel, Faransa | Acor Bangaren acrylic * | Allro bene chroksish ** | |
| Tikkurila, Finland | Kiva Kaluste ** Paretti assa ** | Kiri **, Unica Super * Jalo **, Pesilar * | |
| Akzo Masana'antu Masana'antu Oy Maby Saddolin, Finland | Saddolin Setteco Super 5 | Sadolin Celco 85558 * | Sadolin Celco 85556 ** |
| Jobh Faribweke Gmbh, Jamus | JobI Pararkettlak * | ||
| Mafferth Ag Farrwe, Jamus | Dufa akdl-kumarlack ** Acryl-holzieel * | DUFA Parrettlack * DUFA Boots-Klarlack * | Dura Karrlack * |
| Benjamin Moore Paints, Amurka | Benwood # 422 ** Benwood # 423 ** | Benwood # 424 ** Benwood # 428 ** Benwood # 435 ** | |
| Alkro-Beaders Ab, Sweden | Aqua Decor Karramack ** Aqua Karramack Blank Halvmatt **, Panellack * Parettlulack 35 **, Parettllack 80 ** | Spar-varfi mafi girma varnish * Synetemoklack blank halvmatt ** | |
| Bonatech, Sweden | Mega **, da **, tushen ** | ||
| Baltic launi, Estonia | Vivacolor Olimpia **, Akvalak ** | ||
| Latbio Nitra, Latvia | Laka Petetam * | Laka Petetam ** | |
| Dyo, Turkiyya | Dyo dyomarine * Dyo Parkeketex ** Dyo yat Vernik * DYO CAM CILA ** | ||
| Polsuan, Turkey | Policam ** | ||
| Ege Seerikik, Turkey | Markem Marine * | ||
| Betek Paints Inc., Turkey | Betek ciki varnish ** Betek yacht varnish * | ||
| By "stroy-hadaddun" | Svyatazar 93 * | ||
| LLC Elakar, Russia | Eqar-14 *, Elcar-15 * | ||
| Lakma klor, ooo, russia | "Varnish Moscow" ** | ||
| LLP "Kotovsky Lakocra- | Mc-0163 **, PF-283 ** | Nts-218 **, nts-243 ** | |
| Shuka mai laushi ", Russia | EP-2146 ** | ||
| Zao "Olivest", Russia | PF-283 ** | ||
| "Rosljaks", Russia | "Eurolux-varnish Eurnalsal" * | ||
| Nts-218 **, nts-243 **, ep-2178 ** | PF-283 ** | ||
| TPO "Palter Ruster", Russia | Diva l * | ||
| OJSC OdiyaLAK, Russia | "Glitter" ** |
* - don amfanin ciki da na waje. ** - don aikin ciki.