Yadda ake yin mafi kyawun zabi tsakanin mafi yawan kewayon kayan rufin: Offiview, wasu halaye, masana'antun.
Masanajiya na gine-ginen gargajiya na zamani suna ba da manyan rufin da yawa, da suka dace da kowane abu damar da kuma mai siyarwa suna dandanawa. Matsalar ita ce sanya mafi kyau zabi. Labarinmu zai taimake ku da wannan.
Yawancin adadin alamomin da ake ciki na kayan rufin suna da alamun abubuwa da yawa. Bayan Ginadin Rasha ta Rasha Tarayya, za mu raba su zuwa kungiyoyi hudu: kayayyakin gidaje, kayan rufin da mastics.
Don haka, abin da masana'antun suna ba masu haɓaka?
Sate
Kodayake slate ya ci gaba da amfani da shi a Rasha tare da buƙatu mai yawa, amma galibi cikin masu haɓakawa waɗanda damar abin da zai dace. Tun daga 1990, an rage kusan kusan sau hudu, kuma a cikin ginin gida ana amfani dashi sosai, saboda haka ba za mu ji shi daki-daki ba.Bituminous fibrous da PVC
Wani madadin asbestos-ciminti - impregnated tare da takardar zanen gado na roba fiber (sel ko wani). Mafi yawan samfuran farko na kamfanin Faransa "Ondulin" sun fi kowa kowa. Wannan nau'in samfurin ana kawo shi ga ƙasarmu ta kasar Swiss Kamfanin Gutta Werke. Shuka "MoscroypastamsMass" (Mytischi, yankin MoscOr) yana samar da polymer slyer daga PVC. Sheets lokacin farin ciki daga 2 zuwa 4 mm ana samarwa tare da girma 1500 x 1530 x 54 mm. The taro na 1 m2 na wannan shafi na 4 zuwa 6.3 kilogiram na rufin shine shekaru 30.
Rufe kayan rufi
Ruwan tuddai da kayan shaye-shaye a Rasha an ƙera su 18, da ƙwararrun masana'antu. Abin takaici, fiye da 80% na jimlar kayan aikin rufin da baya ke kunshe da ra'ayoyin da ba shi da kwayar halitta, hudu- da biyar na kwastomomi na kwastomomi. Ana amfani da tudun da kuma layin moba ana amfani da su a ɗakin kwana da rufi. Amma waɗannan abubuwa ne jiya.Bituminous mura kayan suna da matukar hankali da yawan zafin jiki da yawa, musamman haskoki na ultraviolet. Dukiyarsu mara kyau ita ce ƙaramar sanyi, wanda ke sa hauhawar rufi ya ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan. MADICS, wanda manne ne bangarori, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar hasken rana ma har ma rasa filastik. Kuma kodayake kayan gargajiya na bitumen na gargajiya sune mafi arha, saboda gaskiyar rayuwar irin wannan rufin ba ta wuce sosai ba mahimmanci, yin la'akari da ƙara kudin aikin aiki.
Abubuwan da ke da ingancin bitumen na bitumen suna da ƙarfe da sihiri, a cikin ƙirar wanda ya haɗa da fashin ƙafa. Ana amfani da su don na'urar hydro da vasaizolation, da kuma kamar rufin kan rufin lebur.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kayan masarufi sun kunshi bitumen da polymer (ba fiye da 12% na ƙara ba a kan polyester na da ba su da gilashi ko gilashin gilashi. Fiberglass: Figergbitelloisol, Bikrohotelloisol, Bikrost, lilocur, Rabroxt, Bikrost, Gilashin Walker, Gilashin Gilashin, Rank. Kayan aikin polymer yana ba da irin waɗannan kayan zuwa babban abu (idan aka kwatanta da gargajiya na gargajiya) na gargajiya na gargajiya kuma yana hana samuwar fasa. Hanyoyin suna cike da hanyar motsi a gindin tushen kankare, karfe ko glued da mastic. A wannan yanayin, zubar da takardar rufin da ke haifar da lalacewar kayan fasahar ta. Rashin kyawun abu na yawancin kayan masara-polymer shine buƙatar na'urar rufin hawa da yawa, kuma sau da yawa tare da ƙarin Layer Layer da dutse Crumbs a waje. Ana amfani da kayan polymer-bitumen a ɗakin kwana da kuma rufin gidaje tare da m har 25. A manyan gangara akwai haɗarin fadada, filastik wanda cikin yanayin zafi yana da matuƙar tashi sosai.
Ana la'akari da hangen nesa bitumen-polymeric kayan da ba a inganta ta thermopomatik, ɗan adam, da 'yan adam, Dneproslastex, Messpol, Dnepromast da sauransu. Yankin amfaninsu ba kawai rufin ba ne, vafa a cikin "tukunyar cake ɗin", amma kuma wuraren ruwa, gadaje, da sauransu kayan da ke tattare da kayayyaki Kimanin wannan takamaiman bayani iri iri, sabili da haka, a matsayin misali, muna ba da sigogi na samfuran Aozt "Gerbierit".
A Jamus, kusan kashi 75% na rufin lebur suna hawa daga kayan polymenrics dangane da gilashin cholester ko kayan polyester. Manyan masana'antu na kayan rufin kayan aiki sune iCopal, "izoflex", Tehtonikol, "Hermoplast". Ana yin birgima kayan rufin a cikin hanyar kintinkiri na kimanin 1000 mm fadi da tsawon 7 zuwa 20 m. Rayuwar sabis na perymer-polymer na polymer shine shekaru 15-20.
Halaye na fasaha na kayan "Gerbier zuwa, p, g"
| Madaidaiciyar ƙarfi a cikin shugabanci na tsaye, n (kgf) | Aƙalla 735 (75) |
| Jimlar taro na 1 m2 (nauyin ƙananan Layer), g | 35000000 (2000) |
| Sharfin ruwa (a cikin sa'o'i 24,% ta nauyi) | Ba fiye da 1.0 |
| Sassauƙa a kan mashaya tare da zagaye na 25 mm, k (c) | 263 (30) |
| Mai hana ruwa (karkashin matsin lamba 0.001 MPA), H | Aƙalla 72. |
| Zafi juriya (a cikin awa biyu), k (c) | Ba kasa da 353 (80) |
| Kauri, mm. | 3.5 |
Mafi yawan nau'ikan kayan tudani mai laushi yawanci-Layer. An yi su ne bisa tushen roba ko resins mai-polymer kuma basu ƙunshi bitumen ba. Ana iya amfani dasu a kan rufin kowane ɗimbin yawa, ba tare da tsoron cewa rufin da aka yi ƙasa ba. Zuwa yau, mafi yawan gama gari a cikin ayyukan ƙirar duniya suna rufewa kayan da membranes dangane da roba ta ethylene-diene-diene roba (yanke shawara). Irin wannan membrane babban rufin gida ne da kayan shaye-shaye da aka samu ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa da kuma bayyanar da hancin ultraviolet da kuma bayyanar da zafin rana, ƙarfi, elalationctiity da sanyi juriya. An sanya membrane guda biyu a kan rufin kamar ba tare da ƙirar ("da yardar kaina ba), kuma gyarawa da kayan haɗin kai), da kuma gyarawa" na manne), manne ko mai haske. A cikin Amurka, kusan rabin benayen an yi su ne daga membranes mai lamba guda ɗaya.
Yin amfani da membranes mai hawa-Layer na samar da babban gudu da ingancin aiki. Abubuwan da ke zuwa cikin yadudduka daban-daban fannoni (daga 1 zuwa 15 m), wanda ke ba da damar rufin kowane irin rikice-rikice tare da mafi karancin seams. Halayen fasaha na membranes da abubuwan da suka sanya su sa ya yiwu a aiwatar da aiki a kowane lokaci na shekara.
A Rasha, sakin membranes na Nizhnekamskneeftekhim jsc. Ojsc Kirov Shayi na Wucin gadi ", JSC" Serderdlovsk yankin "da kuma" Reagree na Sverdlovsk yankin "da kayan" na sverdlovsk "da kuma ƙari, kuma ƙari, Ana kawo su daga -ob bugun jini (samfuran samfuran ginin na Amurka ta Amurka, da sauransu). Rayuwar sabis tana sama da shekaru 25.
Idan aka kwatanta da rufin bituminous, farashin kayan don na'urar da abin da ke cikin 1 m2 na rufin bitumen-polymer da ke ƙasa kusan sau biyu, polymer - sau hudu.
Masikiya
Ana amfani da nau'in polymerious da polymicicical ACESIC duka don na'urar sabon rufin gidaje da kuma gyara kowane nau'in tsoffin benaye. Tare da taimakon mastic, ana ƙirƙirar rufin gubar na musamman. Ana amfani da su a cikin wani ruwa zuwa farfajiya don samar da fim ɗin mai hana ruwa wanda ya bambanta da membrane na polymer tare da rashin gidaje. Lalacewar wannan fim yana ba da damar kiyaye matsanancin rufin lokacin lalata. An kafa tsarin samar da mastics daban-daban da kuma makoma "," Poladordrolymyments ", Rkz, kamfanin dillar aikin shaheminemetevo.MATIC shine abun ciki ɗaya ko kayan haɗin ciki, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a hanyar rufin yana kan rufin rufin. Bayan ciring, shafi yayi kama da monolithic, kama da kayan launuka masu launin roba. Irin waɗannan garkunan suna da kyau ga wuraren da m yanayin. Mastics ne muhimmi da juriya ga m kafofin watsa labarai, hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma ultraviolet radiation, anti-lalata da juriya a zazzabi kewayon daga -40 zuwa 100 ° C, high ƙarfi, elasticity, haske nauyi. Forse su dole ne, domin mastic na mastic ne uniform. Lokacin da karkatar da gyaran rufin ya wuce 12% zazzabi a kan titi sama da 25C zuwa gajiya, da sauransu), da sauransu), da sauransu), da sauransu), da sauransu), da sauransu), da sauransu), wanda ke ƙaruwa da danko.
Mafi yawan munanan masani ne. "Polykrov M-120" da "Polykrov M-140", Chlorosulphop-l "Samu Rayuwar Ma'aikata shekaru 25, Skz) - Shekaru 20," Hermoplast ") - , "HAPREN" ("Sheremetyevo"), "Vyka-Y" ("polymermamara") - 15 shekaru. Mastic - kayan rufin haske. The taro na 1 m2 na goshin rufi dangane da nau'in sa da adadin yadudduka shine 2-10 kg. Rayin Mastic sabis - daga shekaru 10 zuwa 25.
A matsakaita, kayan shigo da shigo da shigo da kaya farashin $ 5-6 a kowace 1 m2, da lokutan gida guda biyar.
A ƙarshe, mun sami ga ruwayen gaye, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin ginin gida. Don kayan aikinsu ana amfani da kayan rufin kayan. Suna da kyau saboda kayan ado, launuka iri-iri da karko.
Karfe domin nada bends
Rufin Karfe - galvanized ko ƙarfe zanen gado da kuma shigo da wani yanki na wani yanki na wani abu mai kariya, yana cikin bukatar yau da kullun. Zazzage kewayon baƙin ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe da titanium, suna ba da kamfanin Faransa Les Mercuriies a kasuwar Rasha (Model-zinc-zinc "," antra-zinc "). Ana wadatar da samfuran a cikin zanen gado da kuma Rolls. Kaurin kauri daga 0.6 zuwa 1 mm, nisa - 100-1000 mm. Irin wannan tsarin, dangane da yanayin aiki, yana tabbatar da kiyaye rufin don 30-100 shekaru.
Abokan jinyar masu arziki suna da rufin buroshin jan ƙarfe da ƙarancin ƙarfe-carbon bakin karfe a buƙata. Tumbuni - Tsohon ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar rufin gidaje. Kamar yadda a tsakiyar zamanai, yana da babbar daraja kuma yana ba ku damar yin hukunci da jindadin mai gidan gidan. Tawata (99.9%), yi birgima a tef 0.6-0.8 mm lokacin farin ciki da 670 mm fadi, ya zo cikin Rolls. Rayuwar jan ƙarfe aƙalla shekaru 100.
Baƙin ƙarfe na ƙarfe
Daga cikin kayan don rufin ƙarfe, abin da ake kira tille na ƙarfe shine mafi girman shahararrun shahararrun - wani nau'in zanen gado na hatimi, wanda ke kwaikwayon yanayin rufin rufin rufin. Ofaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun na farko na wannan nau'in shine kmi (Sweden). Hakanan a kasuwar Rasha, fale-falen ƙarfe suna gabatar da fale-kwalenan ƙarfe na Yaren mutanen Sweden kamfanonin Gasel Profotal, Noas-Trovlab, Danish, Ingila, dan kasar Gerard, na Amurka (na Amurka (na Amurka (na Amurka) ). RANNILA ta samar da tial karfe a kan kamfaninta a yankin Moscow. Masalanmu ne ("bayanin martaba na ƙarfe", "Cibiyar Moscow tana rufewa", SP "Ziosab", "Mosco-", "insi" Cjsc a Chelyabinsk). Sheets tare da kauri daga 0.4-0.5 mm suna da alaƙa da Layer Layer na zinc aluminium ado da hanyar sanyi a haɗe zuwa ga nau'ikan nau'ikan fale-daban na al'adu. Sannan ana kula da zanen gado tare da abun da anti-lalata, mai rufi tare da Layer na polyester, protisisol da sauran polymers, daga kasa - varnish mai kariya. Mass of 1 m2 shafi - 5.5 kg. Don kwanciya, ba a buƙatar wani mummunan rauni, kuma ana saka zanen gado tare da sukurori tare da hatimi. Karkara na rufin taya na karfe har zuwa 50. Daidai daki-daki game da shi, mun rubuta a cikin N 5 "IID" na wannan shekara.Yana da amfani a lura cewa aiki tare da baƙin ƙarfe bakin karfe yana haifar da ƙarin matsaloli: Filin ƙarfe ba a iyakance ba, an tsara takaddun ƙarfe don sassauƙa don sassauƙa. Bugu da kari, lokacin yankan, wani sashi mai mahimmanci na karfe yana sharar, kuma kayan yana da tsada. Saboda haka, irin wannan mayuka sun fi dacewa da rufin tsari mai sauƙi, amma tare da gangara mai zurfi (har zuwa 45-60).
Bayanan wasan kwaikwayo da bangarorin rufi
Bayanan wasan kwaikwayo ya fi sauƙi a samarwa fiye da tala na ƙarfe, sabili da haka, mai rahusa da araha. Su ne galatar makircin karfe sun yi wa daskararrun sanyi don samar da ciyawar da ake buƙata kuma galibi mai rufi tare da kare mai kare. Profile zanen gado mai kyau samar, da kireevsky shuka na hasken karfe tsarin (Kireevsk, yankin Tula). Kauri - 0.6-0.8 mm, 1100-1250 mm, tsawon - zurfin bayanin martaba - 20-75 mm. Irin waɗannan zanen ana amfani da na'urar don na'urar rufin gidaje da marasa galihu. Rashin daidaituwa na wannan nau'in kunnawa an ƙaddara shi ta inganci da yawan kayan kariya na kayan kariya.
Karfe rufin bangarorin karfe nau'ikan sandwich shine ci gaban kamfanin kamfanin na kamfanin Elastogran. Su, kamar bene na musamman, ana samarwa a Rasha ta hanyar Samara ta shuka "lantarki". Ana amfani da bangarorin a cikin keɓaɓɓen rufin gine-gine da tsarin, da kuma tushe don bene tare da rufin kowane nau'in. Insulation shine nau'in Polyurethane "Sustrura" ko PPU-317. Panel nisa - 845 mm, tsawon - 2.38-11.38 m, da kauri daga cikin kumfa - 0.7-0.9 mm, da taro 1 M2 - 11.3-14.6 kg.
Bituminous tayal
Tuni fiye da shekaru dozin a cikin gine-gine da kuma gini akwai manufar "tial bituminous". Wannan wani nau'in kayan rufi mai taushi ne wanda ya haɗu da kadarorin yumbu, katako, shinge, bayyanar) da kayan rufi na birgima).Tuns na faties an samar, idan ba ɗaruruwan ɗari ba, kamfanoni a duniya, tunda yana tabbatar da kanta da kyau a kowane yanayi na yanayi - daga tropics zuwa arewa mai nisa. Bukatar wannan mai rahusa ce, kyakkyawa da dorewa (tare da madaidaiciya kwanciya) yana girma da sauri. Fuskokin Bitumen na farko sun zo da Amurkawa. A Turai, an samar da shi kusan dukkanin ƙasashe, amma Italiya da Finland suna da jagora. Kamfanin Italiyanci shine mafi girman masana'antar fale-fale. A Rasha, dangane da tallace-tallace, wannan kamfani ne ya kimanta wannan kamfanin ta sanannen kamfanin Katepal kamfanin Katepal. Irin wannan keran kayan kera-ryazan, a cikin Belarus - OJSC "Hydrosteclozol", a cikin Lithuania - Mai Kasuwanci na Rasha ".
A tsarin sa, zanen gado na fale-falen faskeaye daban-daban kusan babu daban. Pre-impregnated tare da gilashin buholeter an rufe shi da bangarorin biyu ta hanyar gyara ko ɓoyayyen ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko ɓarkewar ƙasa ko kuma gurasar ƙasa. Ya danganta da nau'in tial Bituminous kuma hanyar sanya zanen gado daga kasan, aya (8% na farfajiya) shine 60% mai rufi tare da m m Bitumen Layer Layer. Suna da nau'in hexagons na yau da kullun ko elonging da rectangles da na saba girma - 100 x24 cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 m cm. A kan 1 mm. . A zane da zanen fuka na fale-zangar manyan masana'antun sun bambanta. Ana lissafta adadin launuka da ɗaruruwan (daga kamfanin Tegola fiye da 200).
Kauri daga hukumar da plywood a matakai daban-daban
| Stag na akwakun, mm | Jirgin kauri, mm | Kauri na plywood, mm |
|---|---|---|
| 600. | ashirin | 12 |
| 900. | 23. | goma sha takwas |
| 1200. | talatin | 21. |
* Tare da rarraba nauyin 1.8 k / m2, nauyin maki 1.0 kn.
A kan rufin gidaje na gaye yau zaka iya ganin tane mai taushi mai taushi tare da murfi na tagulla. Waɗannan su ne kayan aikin jerin daraja - "Elite", "Karamin" da "Gogola ta samar. Mass of 1 m2 na irin wannan shafi tare da daidaitattun kayan ado - har zuwa 17 kg. Sabon rufin fafayyaki yana da launin ruwan kasa a cikin shekara guda, sannan kuma burbushi na patina bayyana a kanta, kuma bayan kwata na ƙarni na karni na "tsufa". Babban bambanci a cikin fasaha na kwanciya fale-fure daga ƙarfe fasahar ya dogara da gaskiyar cewa ababen hawa yana buƙatar madaidaicin tsari da kuma tsarin Rafter da aka lissafta. An yi shi da igiya sawn gani ko allon kafa, flyworood flywood ko farantin farantin tare da zargers na nesa. Zaman zafi na crate bai wuce 20% ba. Kayan da aikin magungunan da suka fi tsada fiye da shirye-shiryen gindin a ƙarƙashin rufin ƙarfe. Amma shafi kanta mai rahusa ce. Yana aiki shekaru 25-30.
Yumbu da ciminti-sandunan ruwa
A Rasha, samar da fadar yumbu dabi'un ci gaba. An sake shi ta hanyar itacen bunkki ciyawar (yankin Moscow), yankin kuchinsky yumɓu (yankin Mitamkics), yankin Norslavl), "Mitizel" (Zhostovo, Yankin Moscow). Bugu da kari, an shigo da gargajiya ta gargajiya biyu zuwa Rasha daga Faransa (Ceric), Jamus), Jamus (Braas), Gerland (Lithuania ("Zabeva"). Tsarin girma na yumbu na tayal tayal - 390 x 240 da 330 x 420 mm. A shafi yana da nauyi sosai, da taro na 1 m2 na irin wannan shafi ne 40-70 kg, sabili da haka dole kusurwa ce ta rafter ceti 25, in ba haka ba kuna yin tsarin Rafter mai ƙarfi. Duringile na rufin rufin sama da shekaru 100. Kamfanin masana'antar Moscow "Braas-dSC-1" ya samar da tayalan Sand na 420 x 330 mm. Tana da arha, amma kuma ta fi ƙaranci fiye da yumbu.Ruwan translucent
A wasu halaye, ya zama dole a gina rufin transluchens, lambun hunturu, tafki, ko kuma wurin zama gida. Irin wannan rufin ana yin su daga sau uku ko gilashin musamman, gilashin salula na salula ko gilashin acrylic salula, sun ƙarfafawa a cikin tsarin ƙarfe ko ginin aluminum. Wadannan kayan da fasahar suna da bambanci sosai, ana ba su duka kamfanonin waje da na kasashen waje. Matsakaicin kayan aikin polymer na zamani da sau uku - shekaru 50.
Rufi don '' mai hankali '' a gida
Gilashin hasken rana shine sabon kalma a fannin amfani da tsarin gini don samar da makamashi ta hanyar da ba a saba da shi ba: an kera rufin rufin. A cikin duhu, na'urorin lantarki a cikin gidan abincin a Baturin, wanda ya caji lokacin hasken rana. Sunny bater na kamfanin kasar ta kasar ta kasar ta kasar Jamus yana da alaƙa da kowane irin akwakun akwakun da aka yi amfani da baka na musamman kuma an rufe shi da gas da kayan kwalliya da aka yi da kayan polymic. An haɗe su da suturar rufi daban-daban kuma suna shiga abubuwan da aka tsara na salon mahimmancin babban gini a cikin gine-ginen gidan. A wannan shekarar, haɗuwa da bangarori 30 na rana (taro na module 5 kg) na daidaitaccen girman (505 x 766 x 51 mm) yana haifar da matsakaita na 830 kw * wutan lantarki, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi kai tsaye ga wutar lantarki kayan aiki a cikin gidan.Da yamma - kuɗi, da safe - rufin
Kwatanta ingancin kayan rufin daban-daban shine lambar lamba daya da magini, da kuma abokin ciniki. A cewar kwararrun kamfanin yankin Moscow, irin wannan kwatancen zai yiwu tare da taimakon kimantawa a cikin yanayin. An kwatanta mayafin daban-daban a tsarin daidaitawa. Mafi girman ci kuma a ƙasa farashin, mafi kyawun kayan don mai siye. Ana amfani da kayan yau da kullun: slate, rolled rufin kayan, Ondulin da makamancin (tayal), jirgin ruwa mai fadi da tial-tagulla da kuma tayar da ƙarfe na galvanized.
Don tantance kaddarorin masu amfani, ana amfani da ƙa'idodi mai inganci, wanda ke taƙaita halayen abubuwan da ke cikin kayan da ra'ayoyin game da shi, wanda aka bayyana ta amfani da kimantawa bakwai na sirri.
Babban mahimman sharhi shine kyakkyawan kyakkyawa na kayan, tunda mutumin da ya fara jawo hankalin ga bayyanar rufin. A wuri na biyu - an tantance kaddarorin fasaha na kayan da ta zahiri, hydrophysicypichysicy, hydrophyphysicyphysicypy, hydrophyphysichysicypy, hydrophyphysichysicy, injin zafi, alamomin injin da alamomi. Dorsion yana kuma ɗayan mahimman alamu, tunda rayuwar sabis na rufin yana da bambanci sosai: daga 7 (na tagulla) zuwa 100 (jan ƙarfe). Yana yiwuwa a kusanci kimanta wannan mai nuna alama ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Daya yana gina gidan na mutum tare da rufin da ya dorewa, wanda aka tsara na tsawon shekaru 100, wani ya gamsar da rufin, wanda ya gamsar da rufin, wanda ke aiki kwata na ƙarni. Halin da ake tsammani yana da rikitarwa. Yana halayyar nau'ikan mafita iri-iri, siffofin bayanin martaba da farfajiya wanda masana'anta na iya bayarwa ga mai siye. Lokacin zabar rufin, yana da muhimmanci daga farkon don kimantawa ba kawai ingancin kayan ba, har ma da hadadden shigarwa. A cikin akwati ɗaya, mai siye zai iya rufe rufin da kansa, bin umarnin, a ɗayan - wannan aikin shine ƙungiyar ƙwarewa. Tsarin rikice-rikice na tsarin Rafter yana da alaƙa da maƙarƙashiya ko ƙarin buƙatu da aka sanya a kan rufin wasu nau'ikan rufin. Misali, 1 M2 na fale-falen talabi na talakawa masu nauyin kimanin kilogiram 50, don haka lokacin amfani da wannan kayan, dole ne a lissafta wannan kayan, dole ne a lissafta wannan tsarin don matsakaicin nauyin. Amfani da katako na Sawn, sabili da haka, farashin rufin a wannan yanayin zai karu da 15-20%. Tile taushi mai taushi yana da sauƙi fiye da sumbata sau biyar, amma ya zama dole ga shi mai ƙarfi mai daskararre daga allon, kayan kwalliyar cututtukan fata a kan ƙananan gangara, kuma wannan yana haifar da tasirin kiwo. Sharuɗɗan ramuwa a cikin wuri na ƙarshe saboda gaskiyar cewa abokin ciniki wajen aiwatar da aikin da suka taso yayin aikin mai zuwa da kuma lokacin gyara rufin.
Ta hanyar farashin / ingancin ingancin, kayan tuddai da yawa zuwa ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Kungiya ta farko - kayan ƙoshin inganci a ƙaramin farashi - kayan mirgine. Rufin daga wadannan kayan ya dace sosai ga gidan lambun ko ginin gida, kamar zubar ko kuma gareji, amma ba don gidan babban birnin ba.
Feature of na biyu (Ondulin, Galvanized Sheet) - Ingancin Sakandare da Muhimman bambanci a farashin. A wannan yanayin, zaɓin dole ne ya sa mai siye da kansa. Kungiya ta uku inda baƙin ƙarfe mai sassauci da snet-yand Fos ana nuna su ta hanyar inganci da farashin da suka gabata daga farashin rukunin da suka gabata. Wadannan kayan rufin guda biyu za a iya ɗauka mafi kyau cikin sharuddan farashin farashi / ingancin inganci.
A ƙarshe, rukuni na huɗu shine mafi inganci da kayan da tsada - wannan shi ne jan ƙarfe, mai sassauƙa da yumbu tayal. Ana buƙatar waɗannan abubuwan ga waɗanda ke mafarkin rufin madawwami, suna da abin da jikokinsu zai zama. Ya kamata a haifa a cikin zuciyar cewa mai mallakar gidan tare da yanki mai nauyin 150 m2 irin wannan rufin zai kashe kasa da $ 10,000.
| M | Muhimmantawa ga mai siye,% |
|---|---|
| Bayyanawa | talatin |
| Kayayyakin Fasaha | ashirin |
| Ƙarko | goma sha biyar |
| Zamaki | 10 |
| Shigarwa | 10 |
| Rikitarwa na tsarin Rafter | 10 |
| Ramuwa | biyar |