Kayan ado na hannu Stucco filastar, bambance-bambancen zane da zane-zane: menene, ikon yin amfani da shi, fasaha na aiki, farashi.
Hoto: Zinur One
Hoto: Zinur One
Hoto: Evgeny Lucchin
Hoto: Evgeny Lucchin
A cikin shekaru 6-7 da suka gabata, sabbin kayan cikakka sun bayyana akan kasuwar kayan gini na Rasha, a cikin wace irin sutturar kayan kwalliya ta samar da bukatun musamman na kayan gini na ado ko kuma ankunan monochromatic ko slokicolor. Yi la'akari da su sosai.
Domin a farfajiya fentin ko saka a farfajiya da kyau, dole ne a daidaita shi sosai: saboda ma kananan tubercles ko m za a iya gani. Mutane sun daɗe sun daɗe kuma sun yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar kayan gama-gari na musamman don Layer na ƙarshe; Dole ne ya mallaki, a gefe ɗaya, manyan kaddarorin ado, da kuma a gefe ɗaya, zai ɓoye kananan fasa, lahani da ƙananan rashin daidaituwa na bangon. An dauki ƙoƙarin farko na samar da wani shekaru 50 da suka gabata. Amma a cikin 1994, kasuwar Rasha ta faɗi kuma a hanzarta karban rarraba kayan aikin Turkiyya tare da matattarar marble mai launi. Bayan shi, wani adadin kayan makamantan iri ɗaya sun bayyana akan siyarwa, waɗanda aka haɗe a ƙarƙashin sunan gama gari - filastar kayan ado, kodayake yawancinsu ba "ainihin 'ba". Da zaran mun kira su: 'plasterings ", da kuma' yan gefuna", har ma da kalmar intricate "Stukko".
Don gano abin da gaske yake nufi, dole ne ya duba cikin Jamusanci, Anglo- da Italiyanci kamus na Rasha. Sakamakon yayi magana don kansa: Putz (shi.), Filastar (Turanci) da Softoci (IIL) da SUSTA (IIL) da Stucco (IIL.) - Wakilai uku ne. Fitowar rubuce-rubuce na waɗannan kalmomin a cikin kamfanonin waje a cikin mukamai na kasashen waje a cikin fannin 'yan ƙasa ko "filastar" a cikin Rashanci mara amfani da rashin amfani da ara. Ko da a cikin tsammanin, kamfanoni za a iya samun kamfanoni waɗannan jumla: "Tsarin tsari, rubutu da kayan ado na ado". Bambance-bambance da suke son jaddada wannan hanyar suna da matukar muhimmanci. Duba cikin kamuse na hankali. Tsarin yana nufin tsarin, na'urar cikin gida, daga lat. Tsarin - wurin, tsari. Ainihin shine tsari (m, itace, dutsen, alal misali, kayan zane na itace ne na itace a cikin mahallin), daga lat. Textura - rubutu, haɗi, haɗin. Rubutun shine ingancin abu na kayan aikin, farfajiya, samanta (alal misali, kayan jikin itace, daga ciki. Faktura da lat. Fustura - yi.
Don haka akwai alamun alamun sato gashi dangane da waɗannan manufofin, suna da wahala. Amma tunda 'yan kasashen waje, ana amfani da wasu kalmomin da suke amfani da wasu kalmomin, da masu fassara suna fassara, sannan masu fassara plasterters plasters suna tilastawa don nasu bayanin nasu. Sau da yawa suna faɗi wannan: "Filin matattarar matalauta yana da sauƙin gyara ta ƙara fenti ko kawai fenti, yayin da ba shi yiwuwa a yi shi da mulufi na mulufi." Wani sigar fassarar: "Lokacin amfani da mulufi plastals, a sauƙaƙe na farfajiya sakamakon na musamman ayyukan, kuma ana kafa irin kayan aiki nan da nan bayan nema." Amma kalmar "mayawasan Ilmi" kwanan nan ya ɓace daga amfani.
Daga cikin waɗannan ba fassarar fassara ba ne da kuma sumba da sharuɗɗa, za su iya yin amfani da sihirin kalmomin kasashen waje - talla. Don fahimtar peculiarities na takamaiman nau'in filastar na ado, yana da ma'ana don kula da waɗancan ma'anar "shafi," a bayyane "," a karkashin A rigar gashi "," roller "," tsatsa ". Su, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba magana ba kawai game da bayyanar da ke haifar da sakamakon, amma ma game da hanyar amfani ko matakin kayan. Yin la'akari da abin da aka ambata, mun juya ga bita game da takamaiman kayan. Amma da farko wani tsaftacewa: A nan gaba, za mu yi la'akari da plasters masu ado ne kawai waɗanda ake kira sau da yawa (da taimako na gani a farfajiya, daga gaba daya m trason plaster). A cewar kaddarorin, su (ko da yake, kawai, kawai a raba) A zahiri mm) na gama Layer, "paintured patches" - yana da yawa mafi kyawun sutura (1 -1.5 mm), da "bambance bambancen".
Don haka menene "na ado emposed"?
Ya hada da: A) Wani abu mai ban sha'awa - galibi sau da yawa yana da rudani rudani (wanda zai iya zama a cikin irin watsawa ko bayani); b) filler; c) Abubuwan da ƙari iri-akai sune kamar yadda sauran ƙarfi, abubuwan da ke tattare, abubuwan adabi, hydrophobic (ruwa mai jan hankali), maganin rigakafi da abubuwa masu maganin tarihi. Ta nau'in abin da aka bayar na Bayyana, za a iya raba filastik na ado zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu: kayan a kan ruwa da kuma mai ruwa-ruwa. Kuma baicin, sun sha bamban a cikin kayan filler, hanyar amfani da kuma samar da tsarin farfajiya. Amma da farko abubuwa da farko.Tushen kayan ado embosed filastar . Yawancin kayan a kan tushen rashin ruwa suna da resins epoxy da resins da polyurethanes kamar yadda abubuwan da ke gudana. Amfanin su sun hada da babban juriya na suttura, juriya ga kafofin watsa labarai, ƙarfi da kuma m m a gindi. Ana amfani da plastort plasters a kan epoxy na epoxy ne kawai don ayyukan ciki, amma abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su na Polyurethane na iya zama a cikin farfadowa da ciki da waje da harabar. Bayan amfani da bushewa, filastar ta ado a kan polyurthane da ba a tallafawa sassan jikin jikin epoxy da epoxy. Duk da haka, ya kamata a tuna da cewa idan ya kona sama 140s, da guduro, abin da ya sa tushen da kayan, sai a fara zuwa decompose da a saki mai guba abubuwa (na ado plaster dangane epoxy resins, ware mahadi tare da chlorine, kuma polyurethane - cyanides) .
A wannan batun, plastorive na tushen ruwa na kayan ruwa suna da aminci sosai: polyrers da aka haɗa a cikinsu, bazuwar ba, kada su fitar da abubuwa masu guba. Koyaya, waɗannan plasters suna da raginta: da farko - ƙananan juriya na zazzabi, wato, ba za a iya amfani da su sosai ga masu zafi sosai (fiye da 65-90 ° C), alal misali, ruwan radiators. Mafi na kowa dauri abubuwa na ruwa-tushen filastocin ne acrylic, styrene acrylic, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) da kuma butadiene-styrene dispersions. Smyings dangane da watsawa acrylic na rack to rackrailet racks da yanayin zafi har zuwa 90c; Ana sansu da kyau vapor rashin ƙarfi da kuma m zuwa farfajiya; Suna da kyakkyawan danshi juriya, kodayake a cikin wannan sifa tana da ƙima ga buttondene da Styrene acrylic cooking. Styrene-acrylic vookings har ma da mafi kyawun ruwa ruwa, mai ɗorewa tururi mai zurfi ga ultravioleti, amma a zazzabi na fiye da 65C ya fara ba da ƙari. Amma-Styreene watsawa suna da mafi girman juriya, juya launin rawaya, kuma a zazzabi na fiye da 65c kuma ba su mallaki tilastawa. Da kyau, da sutturori dangane da watsawa polyvinyl suna iyakance tsayayya da danshi mai kyau, mai tsayayya da hasken rana da yanayin zafi har zuwa 90C.
Fasali . Tare da masu tallan ma'adinai na kayan kwalliya na ado, halin da ake ciki shine sauƙin - su manyan nau'in halitta uku ne. Wannan marmara ne, granite da Quinz frum ko gauraya sa. Girman hatsi mai rufi na iya bambanta a cikin adalci mai faɗi: daga 0.5 zuwa 4-5 mm. A wannan yanayin, ana iya samar da abu iri ɗaya a cikin akwatunan da yawa tare da yawancin crumbs. Dalili ne cewa girmanta shafi ba kawai bayyanar ba da kuma digiri a sarari, amma kuma yana shafar amfani da kayan: Moreari, mafi girman ragin. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kayan ado na ado tare da manyan filler filler ya fi dacewa don amfani don ƙarewa, yayin da suke lura da irin wannan saman. Don haka sun lura da irin wannan saman. A akasin wannan, kayan tare da karamin juzu'i na crumbs sun dace da ƙare wuraren cikin ciki - farfajiya ba zai zama mai nasara ba.
Yanzu yana da mahimmanci yana cewa fasalolin kowane masu flobi.
QuartZ Fushi yana da matsakaicin m tare da m goge polymer, wani santsi surface, farfado da scratches.
Wuraren Marble yana da girgije mai kyau tare da polymer, duk da haka, juriya ga farji da farji ƙasa. Hatsi na marmara crumbs suna da wani m farfajiya.
Granite baby kuma yana da m farfajiya, matsakaici riko da polymericaukar polymericical, kyakkyawan juriya ga farrasion da sikelin.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Gray na ma'adinai, Gran'alun polymerical a cikin kayan ado (Corrail shafi na Soframarap), Celocrile Company Kamfanin Silzivara (shafi na Allhavara Santsakal).
Yankunan amfani da plastors ado embosed plasters
| Dalili na kayan | Benaye a cikin gine-gine | Ganuwa da Awaying ADORS: | Fusemades na gine-gine | Casoccols na gine-gine | Matsakaicin dumama, tare da | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A cikin raw | a bushe | |||||
| Epoxy | +. | +. | +. | Har zuwa 140. | ||
| Polyurethan | +. | +. | +. | +. | Har zuwa 140. | |
| Tilas ne acrylic | - | +. | +. | Har zuwa 90. | ||
| Styrene acrylic | - | +. | +. | +. | +. | Har zuwa 65. |
| Butasiene-rigud | - | +. | +. | +. | Har zuwa 65. | |
| Polyvinila Acetate | - | - | +. | - | - | Har zuwa 90. |
Roƙo : "+ An ba da shawarar," "an yarda," - "ba amfani.
Ta yaya embossed saman halitta?
Ta hanyar samar da hoto a saman, plasticative plasters za a iya raba kashi uku. Na farko ya hada da plasters, zane a farfajiya wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta "hanyar nuna", karye, goge, gogewar musamman, gogewar musamman, brushes, tsintsiya ko kuma tare da yatsunsu.A matsayin misalin kayan, Kevyt-rae kayan ado Kamfanin Kevytt-Rae kamfanin Tikkurila (Finland), Kh-Rollup Wip (Netherlands) kuma suna kama da su.
Babban rukuni na biyu shine filastar da ke dauke da karamin adadin granules na ma'adinai na ma'adinai da kuma farfajiya ta bisa ga "hanyar hade". Bayan amfani da bango, taro yana tsiro tare da spatuula ko ƙarfe. A lokaci guda, zane yana bayyana a bango saboda motsi mai dacewa na hatsi na ƙasa: A) a cikin nau'i na grooves da grooves - idan filler na fillol yana da siffar zagaye; b) Scratches ko "gemu" - idan hatsi na filler yana da wuya kuma suna da sifar da ba ta dace ba. An shigo da waɗannan filster Kh-Rilenputpuls na kamfanin-launi, SPS-SPS-SPS-SPYATOZAR-7-Decor na Stroykommeks (Russia), Mashawar Tonstone Sponey "(Russia). Da kyau, akwai wani rukuni mai yawa na plastides na ado (a sama da su da ake kira "matalauta ko spraying ba tare da wani mai laushi ba. A lokaci guda, farfajiya, dangane da kayan da aka yi amfani da shi, ya zama monophonic ko multicolor. Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin amfani da irin waɗannan mayafin yana fesa tare da kayan aikin pnumatical. Yana da tsada sosai, kuma yawanci suna amfani da kwararru. Wani lokaci kamar alama cewa irin wannan hanyar haɗin kai abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, duk da haka, akwai dabarun amfani da kayan kwalliya tare da girman kayan zaki da diamita. Tsari na spraying matsin lamba da iska kwarara, wanda tare samar da yanayin aikace-aikace da kuma amfani da kayan. Waɗannan sigogi masu kera galibi suna haifar da samfuran tattarawa.
Kayan ado na ado
Kayan kayan ado na ado, waɗanda suka karɓi sunan "bambance-bambancen ra'ayi" daga masana'antun, cancanci rarrabuwa daban-daban. Babban bambanci daga plastical plastiders shine cewa sun ƙunshi abubuwan haɗin da yawa waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a koyaushe. Misali, isar da kayan ado na Capaflock na capaflock na capaflock (Jamus) ya ƙunshi kwando na 3: Akwatin kiran Capaflock-kwakwalwan kwamfuta Capaflock da kwantena capecklock da kuma kwantena tare da lacaflock mai ƙarewa. Kwanan nan, abubuwa da yawa masu kama sun bayyana akan siyarwa. Wannan misali ne, tsarin kwakwalwan kwakwalwan na Jamifol (Jamus), Schelicolor Spektra Dom Adminicol, Mosaiz Rashin masar suttura na Finland) da wasu da yawa.
Yin aiki tare da su yawanci ana aiwatar da su a matakai uku. Da farko, ana amfani da manne da manne tare da buroshi, roller ko spraying, feshi (feshi (tare da na musamman pisumatic pistol) kwakwalwan kwamfuta ko flakes - har suka rufe gaba daya rufe farfajiya. Don mafi kyawun kama, kamar yadda bushewa, flakees suna birgima tare da roba mai narkewa. Bayan manne ya bushe, ana amfani da roller ko spraying da aka yi amfani da kayan haɗin karshe, wanda yake ba da kayan tare da ikon wanke shi. Wataƙila rashin nasara ne irin irin wannan mayafin kayan ado shine cewa bayan amfani da varnish, abubuwan da aka bi da su "numfashi".
Wasu kyawawan bambance-bambancen ado
| M | Alama. | ɗayakayan wucin gadi | 2. kayan wucin gadi | 3. kayan wucin gadi | Takardar kuɗi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ginin hadaddun | "Svyatozer-Coldophil" | Gulu | Flakes mai yawan jama'a | Acrylic lacquer | An yi amfani da kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da shi |
| Baicin | Tsarin Capaflolo | Kira CapAFlock | Capick-kwakwalwan kwamfuta. | Capaflock-gama | « |
| Aiki | Jobiflooc. | Jariffayil -redschieht. | Jifsi-kwakwalwan kwamfuta. | Jobiflock-gama | « |
| Soframap | Lumine ii. | Lumerence-gindi. | Lumerence-flakes. | Lumerance Vernis. | « |
| Helios. | Spektra Droflok. | Tasirin Goma | Domoflok-leaved | Domoflok-varnish | 2nd da 3rd aka gauraye |
Kayan kwalliya na ado
Da kyau, kuma don kammala taƙaita na kayan ado na ado a cikin la'akari, ya zama dole a kalla danganta da wani rukuni na kayan da ake kira "zanen rubutu na ado". Sun bambanta da zane na yau da kullun da danko. Ana amfani da zanen zane tare da buroshi, roller ko spraying da lokacin farin ciki (1-1.5 mm), sannan kuma tare da taimakon masu rollers na musamman da aka ba shi.
A nan, bari mu faɗi fiye da wani abu ɗaya: Granite da ma'adanai iri-iri, musamman, ana ba da shawarar su gauraye da launuka na al'ada). Kuma akwai tsarin da aka sanya kashi a ciki kuma ana samar da filler da aka kawo a cikin fannoni daban-daban, kuma kafin amfani da suna buƙatar haɗe, zaɓar da yawa ga ɗanɗano. Misali, ana iya kawo tsarin tsarin adms, wanda ya kunshi akwati tare da mashigan daga styrene resins da marble crumb packing.
Tsarin tsari
Fuskar ta zama mai dorewa, bushe da tsabta, ba tare da burbushi ba, mai da silsiones, ba su da mahimmanci na yau da kullun (fiye da 2-4 mm). Kusan duk kamfanonin a cikin bayanin ayyukan saman farfajiya tare da buƙatun tilas, wanda, a gefe ɗaya, ƙirƙirar yanayi don mafi kyau Adves of ado filastar tare da bango.Nawa ne "mayafin" don bango?
Kasancewa farashin farashi na gama kayan ado yana da matukar muhimmanci, amma ya yi tsinkayar a cikin kewayon kusan $ 1.2 zuwa $ 8-10 a kilo kilogram. Ya kamata a lura cewa kayan daban-daban sun gudana daga 1 zuwa 6 kilogiram a kowace murabba'in mita - daidai da, farashin kayan ado na murabba'in square zai karu. Mafi ƙarancin yawan amfani da kayan a cikin yanayi: Misali, don "adadin launi na varnish da flakes kusan 0.2 kg - M2 (a sakamakon haka, farashin gama Mayafin murabba'in zai zama kusan $ 2, 8-3); Tsarin tsarin Capafloloo Capating zai kashe kusan $ 8 a M2. Da yawa ƙarin amfani da kayan a cikin yanayin zanen kayan kwalliya: 0.9-1.5 kg / m2. Kudinsu na iya kasancewa daga $ 3 zuwa $ 8-9 a M2. Da kyau, ba shakka, mafi girman darajar kwarara (1.5-5 kg / m2) a cikin kayan ado; Dole ne a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa a yanayin amfani da filastar tare da ma'adinai mai filler, yawan sa kai tsaye a kan girman granulles na filler - mafi girma hatsi, da qwai, da qwai ($ 3-15 a kowace M2).
Wasu daga cikin gida da aka shigo da su na ado
| M | Alama. | Kafuwar | Cika Tel | Duba shafi. Yankin aikace-aikace | Amfani da uwa Alaikiya | Bushe *, A / B, H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petrlix, Rasha | Mosaic, filastar | Tilas ne acrylic | Marmara ko burodin burodin | Mosaic da matattarar filastar da tsallakewa da tsallakewa da kuma masu shiga kowane saman saman, sai silicone da filastik. | 1.5-3.5 | 4-5 / 24. |
| Mulashi, Rasha | Filstone-sautin | Tilas ne acrylic | Marmara ko burodin burodin | Kayan ado na ado na filastar na cikin gida da kuma aiki a waje akan kankare, karfe, da sauransu. | 2.0-4.0 | 2/24 |
| Shiri Plex, Russia | Svyatazar-7 Disank | Tilas ne acrylic | Quinz marmashi | Don kayan ado na kayan ado na fromades da bango a cikin gida. | 0.5. | 1-2/ 24. |
| AKZO Nobel Sadolin m, Finland | Sadaolin Sandokryl-g | Tilas ne acrylic | Ba | Fenti mai tsari. Don ayyukan ciki da waje akan kankare (ciki har da haske), shuffut- Fuskokin wuta. | 1-1,2 | 1/24 |
| BALU- Malar Gru, Turkey | Ma'adanai na Gabramix. | Tilas ne acrylic | Granit da marmara cizon sauro | Abubuwan da aka ɗora don ƙarewa facades da kuma shiga cikin gida a cikin kankare, Chipboard, itace. | 1.5-3.5 | 12/24 |
| Bolix, Poland. | Bolix tu. | Tilas ne acrylic | Quinz marmashi | Universal Mass. Don ayyukan waje da na ciki. | 3.5 | 2-4 / 24. |
| Kalete- Rasit, Turkey | Dekor +. | Tilas ne acrylic | Marmara chops | Don ayyukan waje da na ciki. | 3.3-3.5 | 2/24 |
| Likid, Amurka | Corev-dutse | Tilas ne acrylic | Marmara da furuci ci gaba | Kayan kwalliya. Don facade yana aiki a kan ado na ganuwar da tushe, a kan kowane saman. | 1.2-1.6 | 3-4 / 24. |
| RM Rarraba- Sion, Faransa | Kayan ado na ganiya. | Vinyl copolymers | Quinz marmashi | Runduna ta agaji. Tare da aikin waje na gama fadin facades da indoors | 1.5-2.5 | 0.5 / - |
| Sofromop, Faransa | Cariil | Tilas ne acrylic | Polymer granules | Multicolor shafi A ciki don ado bango. | 0.45 | 8/8 kwanaki |
| Wani, france | M | Tilas ne acrylic | Fiber celckamoic fiber | Kayan kwalliya na ado. Don ayyukan gida na ciki. | 1.3-2 | 3-4 / 24. |
| S.ps. BV, Netherlands | Minigrani. | Roba resins | Fasahar Granite | M abu tare da manyan hatsi na quartz. Don aikin ciki. | 2.5 | 6 / 3-5 days |
| Launi-launi, Jamus | Kh-rollowz. | Roba resins | Ba | Kayan ado na ado don aikin na ciki da waje akan kafafannin ma'adinai, DVP, Chipboard, clywood, da sauransu. | 2-4 | 24 / - |
| Tikkurila, Finland | Kevyt-rae. | Tilas ne acrylic | Ba | Don bango da kuma keɓawa a cikin gida, kankare, filastar, fiberboard, Chipboard, GVL. | 1-1.5 | 1-5 / 24. |
| Vieero, Italiya | Graniphast | Tilas ne acrylic | Marmara chops | Kayan ado na ado na karewa da ayyukan ciki. | 3.5-4.5 | 2-4 / 24. |
* Lokaci na bushewa: Kuma - don "juya", B - cike.