Peb qhia yuav ua li cas glazing, insulate thiab cais cov loggia kom nws hloov mus rau ib feem ntawm chav tsev.
Yees duab: Rehu.
Kev xyaum tau qhia tias Lopgia tsis yog li nyuaj hloov kho rau kev siv xyoo ib puag ncig. Los ntawm nws tuaj yeem yog cov chaw so kom txaus thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm tsis raug, chav tsev noj mov me me, chaw ua haujlwm lossis tsev cog khoom. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog xaiv cov ntaub ntawv raug thiab tsim qauv.
Yees duab: Yury Gubin / Fotolia.com, Africa Studio / Fotolia.com
1 glazing loggia
Raws li txoj cai, kev txhim kho ntawm Loggia pib nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov translucent tsim. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tau txiav txim siab meej txog qhov kev tso chaw ntawm lub caij ntuj sov lossis txhua lub caij nyoog. Rau chav sov caij sov, txias sam thiaj glazing yog qhov tsim nyog zoo, qhov rai nrog lub zog txuag iav qhov rais yuav tsum tau.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub nroog loggia, txawm tias muaj cov chav ntim khoom, nws yog qhov tsis tshua muaj los tiv thaiv plua plav, daus thiab cov taum pauv ntawm cov av hauv av.
Qhov rai los ntawm cov profapsed yuav tau qhia rau hauv sab hauv ntawm Loggia ntawm ib lub teb chaws tsw. Yees duab: Rehu.
Dab tsi ntawm cov hws txias yog qhov xav tau? Zawv zawg cov txheej txheem ua los ntawm hollow aluminium profiles nrog kev sib xyaw txhuam cov ntsaws (los ntawm 6 txhiab rubles ib 1 m2). Xws cov thav ntawv yog ruaj, tsis txhob xeb, tsis txhob ploj mus rau lub hnub, yooj yim saib xyuas. Cov menyuam cov menyuam thiab cov kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thoob plaws 10 xyoo, lub sash yog yooj yim tshem tawm rau kev ntxuav thiab qaib ntawm ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem xaj ib nplooj nplooj ntxiv nrog cov yoov tshaj cum. Tam sim no txog minuses. Nyob rau sab hauv qhov chaw thiab brakes, thiab cov profiles nyob rau hauv lub caij txias tuaj yeem poob condensate, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub sij hawm looj tes yog qee zaum hu ua.
Thaum txhim kho txias glazing, ua ntej rau cov parapet thiab cov nplais ntawm sab saud ntxeev ruaj ruaj rau cov lus qhia txhuas. Yees duab: Vladimir cov grigoriev / Burda Media (4)
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ciav hlau nyob ntawm cov kev siv qhib thiab muaj cov nplaim taws ntxiv nrog cov yoov tshaj cum.
Qhov chaw uas glazing koom nrog hauv cov ces kaum, Mount cov phiaj.
Uas lawv ntsia hlau cov ncej profiles. Nws tseem tab tom tso cov nplaim taws ntawm cov ntsia
Qhov rai los ntawm classic dawb profiles yuav pab saib xyuas cov ciaj ciam ntawm chav. Yees duab: Rehu.
Yas Zawv Zawv Zawg Windows rau Loggias (Veka Sunline system thiab nws cov analogs) ntawm cov cuab yeej siv txhuas, tab sis cia koj mus rau lub qhov rais roob ib leeg. Cov ntsiab lus zoo li no yog sov txhuas thiab khov tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txias heev. Tab sis yas sam thiaj tsim yog 20-30% kim dua thiab yog qis dua hauv lub zog thiab kav ntev.
Cov kev xaiv muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub glazing ntawm loggia: parallel-zawv zawg flaps txuag chaw. Yees duab: "Qhov rai Hoobkas" (4)
Fold Valve tau cua
Tsev fuabtais nrog tus yuam sij txhim kho kev nyab xeeb
Ob-Chamber iav Qhov rai txuag hluav taws kub
Qhov rai yuav tsum muaj dab tsi yuav tsum muaj lub qhov rais loggia? Cov chav tsev nyob ib yam nkaus. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov latitudes ntawm Moscow, raws li kev tsim kho cov qauv, kev hloov cua sov uas yuav tsum yog 0.49 M2 • ° C / W. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ua kom sov ntawm cov phab ntsa, poj niam txiv neej, koj tuaj yeem nrog kev pab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob (1-1,5 kw) kom xis nyob txawm nyob hauv nees nkaum-perdus te. Lub qhov rais yuav tsum tau nruab nrog swivel-folding fittings nrog microwing function kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab loggia, thiab chav nyob ib sab. (Daws cov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv nrog lub valve ua rau hauv parapet.)
Yees duab: Yury Gubin / Fotolia.com, Africa Studio / Fotolia.com
Harmonic tshuab yog saib zoo thiab tso cai rau koj qhib lub disc. Yees duab: Roto.
Yuav ua li cas mount sov ci ci ci, yog tias tus tsim tawm tau nruab panoramic txias? Txij li los cuam tshuam rau cov hlau ua ntej ntawm cov qauv tsim, koj yuav tsum tau kho qhov rai thib ob ntawm lub qab nthab los ntawm sab hauv sab hauv sab hauv sab hauv sab hauv sab hauv sab hauv sab hauv sab hauv. Hauv qhov no, yuav muaj ib leeg-Chamber ob-glazed Windows. Alas, txoj kev daws teeb meem no yuav tau txo thaj chaw ntawm lub logabia, vim tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tswj hwm tsis tsuas yog lub khob uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis kuj muaj laj kab kev nyab xeeb. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog nruab cov khoom siv yas nrog ob-glazed qhov rais rau cov txheej txheem facade nrog ntxiv rwb los thaiv ntawm lub sab hauv cov xuab zeb uas nrov nrov hauv Sandwich. Cov qauv no txo lub teeb pom kev zoo, yog li nws yog ntshaw kom siv cov profile ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus pom dav, piv txwv li, Kaleva Deco.
Yuav tsum tau kawm ntawm Loggia nrog panoramic ci - hom kev nyab xeeb riam phom. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob dismantle nws txawm tias siv tshuaj thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Yees duab: Hansa iav
Ua poj koob glazing
Tus nqi ntawm cov qauv uas tsis zoo nkauj (tsim los ntawm Lumon, SKS Stakusit, thiab lwm yam) pib ntawm 20 txhiab rubles. Rau 1 m2. Lawv cov qauv tseem ceeb yog cov qauv tsim muaj kuab heev, pom kev zoo nkauj ntxiv, hloov pauv txhua tus ntawm ib qho ntawm ib qho ntawm phab ntsa (tus mechanism muab kev sib hloov ntev thiab sib hloov ntawm cov ntsiab nyob ib ncig ntawm txoj kab ntsug). Ua tsaug rau kev siv tus nres 8 thiab 10 hli tuab, tus qauv tsim tsis yog tsis zoo cais tawm suab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov txias, thiab lub qhov rais thiab silicone ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog feem ntau soaked. Lwm qhov rho tawm - lub kaw lus tsis muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov yoov tshaj cum.
Ib qho chaw nce hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias nkag mus rau lub qhov rais yog qhov nyuaj. Yees duab: Roto.
Txawb Ntsa
Hloov chaw ntawm chav sam thiaj li, raws li txoj cai, koj tuaj yeem nruab cov zawv zawg cov khoom siv uas sib txawv, xws li patio (roto), ovenau) lossis hs portal (Siegenia-aubi). Rau kev sib koom tes hauv kev kuaj xyuas vaj tse, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas sashs yog nruab nrog cov hermetic (tsis txhuam) sib dhos thiab ob-glazed Windows. Yog tias tus Loggia yog insulated thiab glazed los ntawm tib lub Windows, raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsev apartment, ib-chav-chamber iav qhov rai yog qhov haum rau "swb".
Nco ntsoov tias cov kev zawv zawg yuav tsum tsis txhob nruab kom txog thaum kawg ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab lwm qhov chaw txav chaw thiab lwm yam txav txav tsis taus kev paug.
2 sov siab loggia sov
Yog tias koj tsis npaj siv cov loggia nyob rau lub caij txias, insulate nws sab phab ntsa, hauv pem teb thiab qab nthab. Tab sis kom ua kom tau kho cov parapet qee zaum tsim nyog - feem ntau yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov soundproofing ntawm chav, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsim lub hauv paus rau kev ua tiav. Yog tias tus Loggia yog lub caij ntuj no, tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov txheej txheem sab nraud yuav tsum muaj insulated.
Yuav ua li cas npaj parapet los ntawm asbestos-cement lossis steel ntawv rau lub installation ntawm glazing? Nws yuav tsum tsis rhuav tshem cov ntxaij vab tshaus, tab sis yog tias cov laus racks xeb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov lawv; Ib qho ntxiv, nws yog ntshaw kom txhawb cov qauv ntawm masonry los ntawm cov neeg tau txais cov ceramient los yog ua npuas dej ua ke los ntawm tus pas nrig nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 8-10 hom mm.
Cov qhob parapet, tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov tsev tshiab, yog tsis tas yuav tsum tau dag zog, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab dag zog - kom kaw cov khoob rau ntawm ob sab thiab hauv qab no. Rau lub hom phiaj no, kho pajent tov sib xyaw nrog cov fiberglass (tab sis tsis yog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj lossis lwm yam khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab tsis haum!).
Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm los yog cib parapet, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tso cov duab ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm lub hauv paus nto. Yees duab: Vladimir cov grigoriev / Burda Media (3)
Rau qhov no, steel galvanized profiles thiab fasteners
Tom ntej no, qhov khoob ntawm cov ncej yog ntim nrog cov pob zeb hauv av, sim tiv thaiv cov khoob ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub bracket
Dab tsi rwb thaiv tsev xaiv?
Lub thickness ntawm lub tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev txheej ntawm lub sam thiaj yuav tsum tsawg kawg nkaus (hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob txo qhov ntev ntawm chav). Los ntawm qhov pom no, polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, uas yog cov ntawv sau, nrog ib daim ntawv tuab ntawm 50 hli, muaj cua sov hloov tsis kam (R) txog 1.6 M2 • ° C / W. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom yuav tiv thaiv los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm condensate ntawm pob zeb ua vaj tse yog tias nws yog mounted. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tau txais cov ntawv sau rau ntawm kev coj ua kom zoo polystyrene ua npuas ncauj (epps) nrog ib tug ntug kaw thiab sib xyaw lawv cov nplaum sib txuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom zoo nkauj, cov nplais uas ntxim nyiam los yog cov khoom kho kom zoo nkauj lossis cov qauv sib xws yog tsau nrog kev poob qis dua Chaw, tab sis yog tias qhov zoo ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog thawj qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem tsis saib xyuas).
Ua ntej pib hauv pem teb ntawm cov ntawv txheeb ntawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj phab ntsa, uas tiv thaiv cov qauv ua npuasy, uas yuav tiv thaiv cov pob zeb ua kom huv ntawm cov dej. Tom qab ntawd cov rwb thaiv tsev tau kaw ib ntus nrog scotch thiab tho qhov los ntawm cov ntawv txheeb. Yees duab: Vladimir cov grigoriev / Burda Media (3)
Tom qab ntawd, tom kawg txuas rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm phaj dowels
Nws tseem nyob rau mount nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm epps doom thiab xaws cov hauv ob sab phlu
Cov ntxhia cov ntaub thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam ntxhia ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me ntsis kom ploj mus rau hauv lub npaus (nrog rau daim foos, tab sis nws yog qhov ua tau kom tsis txhob xoob thiab cov khoob thaum ua cov qauv qauv qauv. Rau rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm txhua lub caij nyoog loggia, nws ua rau kev nkag siab siv cov khoom siv ntawv ci ntsa iab ua rau muaj cua sov sab hauv chav; Thaum txhim kho cov pob qij txha ntawm cov phiaj (nrog cov thav ntawv ntawm tus ncej lossis menyuam yaj) yuav tsum ua kom nruj nrog txhuas scotch.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv pem teb thiab qab nthab?
Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv. Ib qho ntawm cov plag tsev yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv kev teeb tsa yog ib txheej, ntawm ob txheej ntawm gypsum fiber ntau nplooj ntawv tshaj li cov ntawv me me nrog cov tuab ntawm 40-100 hli). Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem nteg ib txheej uas tsis yog indescible. Yog tias koj npaj los soj ntsuam lub rooj tsavxwm loj heev, nws yog ua kom muaj kev tsim lag luam lag luam uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab ke (los ntawm cov antiseptic qhuav nrog ntu tsawg kawg ntawm 40 hli). Lub rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau tib lub sijhawm yog nyob ntawm lags; Nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb me me yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntub dej dov, thiab saum toj los npog lawv nrog cov polyethylene los yog polypropylene zaj duab xis.
Nrog linoleum thiab vuas, cov screed ntub tau ua tiav ua ke: coulation waterproofing yog thov rau hauv pem teb sib xyaw (tib yam nkaus rau cov pa-sand khi nrog ib tuab ntawm 30-40 hli.
Aluminium zawv zawg lub tshuab yog tsim los nruab ib lub khob nrog ib tuab ntawm 6 lossis 8 hli. Yees duab: "Alutech"
Qhov chaw ntawm lub qab nthab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev yog muab los ntawm doom ntawm cov pob zeb uas ncaj qha rau cov neeg sib tshooj, qhov thib ob - nrog kev pab los ntawm kev ncua). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rwb thaiv tsev rau lub qab nthab yog ntxhia wool ntom tsis ntau tshaj 80 kg / m3. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm binder (noo noo-resistant plasterboard, ntoo-ntoo plasterboard, ntoo hauv ob sab phlu, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau cov ntawv zaj duab xis vapor.
Thaum cov khoom siv yas tso cai rau koj los nruab ob-glazed Windows nrog lub thickness ntawm txog li 18 hli, uas yuav ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua li thermal thiab cov suab nrov tiv thaiv. Yees duab: Pab pawg hais plaub
Kuv puas yuav tsum tau mount ib lub tsev sov sov?
Qhov txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev nrog ib thickness ntawm 100 mm tsis muaj peev xwm muab cov cua sov hauv av yog tias lub chav tsis muaj nyob hauv qab no. Built-in Electric cua sov daws cov teeb meem no. Ntu (ntu) ntawm cov cua kub cable yog mounted rau ntawm ib txoj hlua tawv tawv. Lub kaw lus tau tshawb xyuas hauv kev nqis tes ua, tom qab uas lub cable yog kaw nrog ib txheej ntawm cov xis qab yog kua nplaum lossis kua sib xyaw nrog ib qho tuab ntawm 20 hli. Cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov qauv tsim yog cov nplais plooj av.Qhov yooj yim dua, tab sis tsawg txhim khu kev qha sov pem teb tau npaj raws li kev ua kom sov zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv laminate.
Cov kev xaiv rau Loggia: Tsis muaj cua sov sab nraum zoov (a) nrog cua sov sab nraum zoov (b)
1 - hauv ob sab phlu; 2 - Doom; 3 - Rwb thaiv tsev (40-50 hli), nruj los ntawm Vapor Rwb thaiv tsev; 4 - DAG. 5 - rwb thaiv tsev (70-100 mm); 6 - lags; 7 - pem teb; 8 - Kev Kub Siab Tshaj Plaws Rwb Thaiv Tsev (40 hli); 9 - Kev tsis muaj dej; 10 - Screed nrog cua sov cable. Yees duab: Rockwool.
Yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau ntawm dampness ntawm loggia?
Feem ntau tom qab txias txias ntawm Loggia, cov tswv ntawm cov chav nyob ua ntsej muag ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm huab. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias huab cua ntub, uas tawm mus los ntawm cov xoob ntawm lub khob, qhov kub ntawm uas yog qis dua li cov lwg tshwj xeeb vim tias txias. Txo cov pos huab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog ventilating los ntawm qhov rais qhib.
Tsawg dua kev pom zoo, tab sis ntau txaus ntshai tsim ntawm kev tsim tawm hauv qab ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tshuab ua kom sov - ntawm pob zeb ua vaj tse. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim no, koj yuav tsum ua kom nruj qhov chaw ntawm chav nrog horsacetic vaporizolation.
Thaum lub sijhawm npaj ntawm Loggia, cov rooj tog zaum tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv tau. Piv txwv li, phab ntsa nkhaus thiab racks rau khaws cia cov khoom siv ua si kis las kis las. Yees duab: "SOP"
3 XOV TOOJ NTAWM LUB LEGRIA
Feem ntau nws nyuaj rau kev cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias peb tab tom hais txog qhov kub thiab txias thiab huab cua sov.
Puas yog cov xim tha xim sab hauv tuaj ua tiav cov loggia ua tiav? Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov insulated leggia tuaj yeem pleev xim nrog cov xim ntxuav, kom ua rau cov kab ke kom huv, kom poob siab nrog noo noo-resistant plasterboard, thiab tom qab ntawd tob. Nyob rau hauv chav txias nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv facade xim.
Ces kaum ntawm lub tsev wizard nrog perfo-vaj huam sib luag rau cov cuab yeej. Yees duab: "SOP"
Vim li cas thiaj li nrov tshaj plaws ua tiav nrog ob sab phlu? Ntoo ua kom tiav dab tsi yog cuam tshuam nrog lub neej ntawm lub neej thiab tuaj yeem hloov cov loggia mus rau hauv veranda. Nws yuav ua haujlwm rau ntau xyoo, thiab cov xim tsev tam sim no thiab cov pob zeb ua kom haum lub suab, lawv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv me me thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm kev hloov xim. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los yuav tsuas yog cov qib siab polished pob hauv paus (qib "A", "Xaiv"). Ua ntej tha xim, lub siab yog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm nrog rab riam thiab hliav.
Yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi?
Tsis yog cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws - ntawv thiab ya ya pob wallpic, nrog rau sab hauv PVC ob sab phlu thiab phab ntsa nyob hauv ib tsob ntoo ntawm Laminated MDF. Cov khoom siv yas ntxiv cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub (thiab yog li hmoov av) thiab tau yooj yim puas, tshwj xeeb yog thaum kub tsawg. Ib zaj duab xis rau kev lamination feem ntau tsis yog tsim los txhawm rau txhawm rau lub hnub ci. Vaj huam sib luag ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los ua kom tiav cov tsis tsim nyog loggia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog saib sab qab teb.
Nyob rau hauv nqaim nqaim ntawm loggia, cov wallpapers zoo tib yam tau sai sai tau txwv. Nws yog qhov ua tau kom pom zoo, tej zaum tsuas yog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm lub raj thiab xyoob, uas yuav tsum tau glued nrog cov ya raws thiab kub ntawm pva-kua nplaum.
Yees duab: Alexey syusarenko / fotolia.com
Nyob rau hauv raws li kev tsim kho cov qauv thiab los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm cov qauv tsim ntawm cov tuam tsev cov tuam tsev, tus loggia tsis yog thaj chaw nyob. Txawm tias tom qab txhim kho lub qhov rais sov tshaj plaws ntawm no, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau los tsim cov microclimate zoo ib yam rau chav. Cov kev tsim qauv tsim tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev teem caij ntawm chav tsev thiab cov ultrasatic cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av. Piv txwv li, hauv Moscow, yog tias nws npaj siab yuav tig lub loggia mus rau hauv ib feem ntawm 70 mm dav nrog rau ob chav qhov rai ntawm ob-chameber yuav tsum tau nruab, uas yuav suav nrog ib qho lossis ob lub zog txuag tsom iav.
Anton Karyavin
Rov ua tswv yim
Kev txwv kev cai rau loggia
Nco qab tias thaum lub sijhawm npaj ntawm Loggia raug txwv:
- Dismantling lub qhov rooj thiab lub qhov rais (sam thiaj thaiv) txhawm rau muab cov loggia thiab chav tsev).
- Hloov chaw cua sov radiators txuas nrog cov dej kub tshiab tso tawm thiab (lossis) cov cua kub nruab nrab rau lub loggia.
- Kev tshem tawm ntawm hatches thiab ntaiv ntawm kev khiav hluav taws (yog suav hais tias yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov kev cai nyab xeeb).
- GLAZING nrog kev hloov chaw rau txoj kev thiab tus visor ntaus ntawv (worsens lub ntsej muag ntawm lub xeev cov txheej txheem ntawm Lavxias thiab ntau yam kev txiav txim plaub hau).
Yuav tsum tau kev pom zoo ua ntej los ntawm txoj haujlwm:
- Hloov lub sam thiaj thaiv rau cov qauv sib txawv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tawm tsam phab ntsa tawg (lub sub-thaiv thaiv, qhov kev cuam tshuam hauv qab lub qhov rooj).
- Hloov cov qauv tsim hauv pem teb nrog kev nce ntxiv hauv kev thauj khoom sib tshooj.
- Ntxiv dag zog rau parapet.
Tsis txhob xav tau kev pom zoo ua ntej:
- Tag nrho cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab ntawm chav (nrog rwb thaiv tsev thiab tsis muaj).
- Txhim kho ntawm glazing, uas tsis ua txhaum cov kws kho vajtse lub ntsej muag ntawm lub faadeade, ntawm Parapete (zoo ib yam nrog kev ceeb toom kev ceeb toom).
