Pib lub caij tsim kho tsis deb, thiab nws yog lub sij hawm los tham txog cov khoom siv nrov - cov blocks. Dab tsi yuav xaiv lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa? Ua rau lawv ib-txheej lossis ntau-txheej? Yuav ua li cas txhawb cov Masonry thiab koj puas yuav tsum tau dag zog txhawb nqa? Peb teb cov lus no thiab lwm cov lus nug.
Yees duab: Shuttererstock / Fotodom.ru
Hauv lub ntsws (thiaj li hu ua insully) thaiv ntau yam zoo dua lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog tus nqi pheej yig, muaj peev xwm zoo insulated thiab ceev ntawm masonry, vim tias txhua lub block yog sib npaug rau ntau lub cib. Ntawm chav kawm, kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo, xws li muaj zog tsawg thiab noo noo tsis kam (tshwj xeeb cov kev txhawj xeeb cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev ua vaj tse ntawm tes. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub thev naus laus zis ua rau nws yooj yim kom kov yeej cov flaws. Qee lub sij hawm nws nyuaj dua los daws cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim ua ntej kev tsim kho yog los txiav txim siab qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov hom thaiv, tuab thiab phab ntsa tsim.
Yees duab: Ytong.
Thermal insulating muaj peev xwm ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm lub teeb blocks
Raws li qhov tam sim no SP 50.13330.2012 "Thermal tiv thaiv cov tuam tsev ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem sab nraud (R0), rau Arkhangelsk yog 3.56 M2 • ° C / W, rau Moscow thiab St. Petersburg - txog 3.2 M2 • ° C / W, rau Krasnodar - 2.34 M2 • ° C / W.Txhawm rau nrhiav cov tuab tuab ntawm ib-txheej phab ntsa los ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov ntawv tshaj tawm R0 ntawm cov khoom siv no (peb coj lawv cov txiaj ntsig hauv lub rooj). Qhov kev daws ntawm cov teeb meem no yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub thermal conductivity coefficient ntawm lub teeb thaiv sib txawv raws li cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm. Yog li, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ceramzite qhob, cov gravel feem tseem ceeb, thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm kev khoob ntawm cov ntawv uas muaj kev sib tw.
Thaum yuav cov blocks los ntawm cov cellular ua ke, koj yuav tsum tau foob daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws li GOST 21520-89 thiab kev xyuas cov khoom siv lub zog los ntawm kev poob siab sclerometer.
Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias ib qho txheej thaiv ib leeg ntawm lub "tuab" tuab "tuab ntawm lub latcow tsis ncav cuag cov cai. Piv txwv li, R0 fencing los ntawm cov roj-silic-silicate cov thaiv ntawm lub d500 hom (ntom ntawm 500 m3) nrog ib qho tuab ntawm 400 hli yog kwv yees li 2.9 m2 • ° C / W. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus neeg tsim tawm xaiv ntau-txheej txheem tsim qauv.
Lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa tso cai rau kom ua tiav cov ntsuas kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, vim hais tias muaj kev tsim kho ntau ntxiv thiab, ua txoj cai, thinner ib-txheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj qhov ua kom muaj ntau dua thermal inertia: Yog tias thaum lub caij ntuj no nws yuav coj tawm qhov cua sov, tsis muaj kev ntshai tias cov chav yuav cuam tshuam rau chav. Lub ntsiab tsis muaj ntau cov phab ntsa multi-fawm yog ib qho kev pabcuam luv luv ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev (tsis pub ntau tshaj 50 xyoo), uas yog lub sijhawm ntawm phab ntsa yuav txias dua.
Masonry Technology
Kev tso cov blocks yog nqa tawm hauv cov dej khib nyiab thiab tsis siv rau kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua hom tsiaj ntawm cov khoom no - nws tus kheej kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb, thiab cov tsim vaj tse kom txiav txim siab nws. Kev ua yuam kev thaum ua cov Masonry yuav cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau cov geometry ntawm phab ntsa, lawv lub zog, nruj thiab thermal insulating muaj peev xwm.
Cov kev sib txuas ntawm Masonry los ntawm cov blocks thiab cib ntsib yuav tsum muaj ruaj thiab ruaj khov, tab sis yoog kom lub phab ntsa tsis tawg thaum lub sijhawm shrinkage hauv tsev. Cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog galvanized steel daim phiaj, iav lossis basaltoplasty.
Yuav ua li cas txo cov cua sov los ntawm Masonry Seams. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txo qis lawv qhov dav thiab / lossis siv "sov". Yog tias qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov blocks tsis pub tshaj 1 mm, tus sim ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj 3 hli, thiab tom qab ntawd kev sim ua kom sov los ntawm cov nqaws tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem. Alas, ruaj khov geometry muaj tsuas yog zoo nkauj kim roj-silicate block tau ntawm cov lag luam nrog niaj hnub autoclaves thiab sawing kab (piv txwv li cov khoom ntawm ytong hom).
Kev tsis muaj zog, insulated nthuav dav polystyrene ua npuas ncauj (a) lossis neuropom (b), yog nteg tsis muaj nqaws. Tom qab ntawd lub pob zeb hnyav yog hliv rau hauv kab noj hniav. Yees duab: Ytong.
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm cov ceramic invoke, arbolite, ceramzite qhob pob, yog tias nws raug nquahu kom ua cov tshuaj ntawm "kev sov". Nws tuaj yeem npaj ntawm ib qho khoom ntawm cov cement thiab cov lim dej tsawg, xws li cov xuab zeb xuab zeb, uas yog muag hauv hnab thiab nyem.
Npaj "sov" sib xyaw (PACKERM TM, thiab lwm yam), txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm thaj chaw me me (txog 150 M2), Cov nyiaj khaws cia tsis zoo li ua rau nws tus kheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li cov yas yas thiab sedels ntawm kev teeb tsa tau ntxiv rau cov nplaum tshwj xeeb, muab cov khoom tuav zoo nrog lub block.
Cov khoom siv roj av yog ib qho yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm. Thaum pib ntawm Masonry ntawm cov koob, ib lub pob zeb Angular muaj tshwm sim thiab ncab nruab nrab ntawm lawv nrog khau khiab. Yees duab: Ytong.
Kua nplaum yog siv los ntawm cov celma tshwj xeeb-daus
Cov blocks pom ib tug pom nrog cov hniav loj tsis muaj cov hlau. Operas tau sib tshooj nrog kev txhawb nqa cov kab teeb los ntawm qhov ntau dua cov pob zeb loj dua
Koj puas yuav tsum txhawb nqa lub masonry. Thaum kev tsim kho los ntawm cellular blocks (ua npuas ncauj pob zeb thiab roj-silicate), ib yam nkaus li ntawm thaj chaw txhawb nqa ntawm cov dhia dhia thiab uake hauv qab cov txheej txheem winder. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hlau lossis cov pas nrig sib chaws lossis cov pas nrig sib chaws nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 hli yog muab los ntawm phau ntawv lossis hluav taws xob. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau npaj Volumetric txhawb nqa cov pob zeb khi ntawm cov plag tsev thiab hauv qab Mauerlat. Yog li ntawd cov siv tawv no tsis dhau los ua cov choj ua kom txias, lawv tau cais tawm ntawm txoj kev sab los ntawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj lossis cov ntaub plaub hauv av. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev los ntawm cov cellular qhob ntawm D400 hom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txhawb qhov qhib ntawm ntau dua 1.5 m. Qhov no ua tiav siv Welded Frames los ntawm cov hlau lossis racks thiab riggers los ntawm kev siv khoom noj khoom haus ntawm tes ua npuas ncauj d700 lossis D800 uas nyiam dua.
Thaum pw ntawm Arbolic thiab polystyrene bonts, txhua kab thib peb uas muaj kev txhawb nqa lub hauv paus siv dav dav (qhov siab) los ntawm 100 hli.
Yees duab: "SK DOP"
LAKZZZZZZZZZoo cov kab ke ntawm cov ceramic thaiv ua kom nrawm dua masonry, vim hais tias qhov sib txuas ntsug yuav tsum tau sau nrog kev daws teeb meem nkaus xwb. Yees duab: Wienerberger
Sab nraud thiab qee qhov khoom, lub pob yuav tsum tau ua lub cib, tab sis nws tsis muaj noo noo thiab khov ua ntawm lub cib, yog li lub tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv no yuav tsum tau xaus. Yees duab: Wienerberger
Hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm tej hub Qhob thiab Ceramic pricked blocks, cov nqaws tsis xav tau. Qhov kev xav tau rau cov neeg sab nrauv muaj kev txiav txim siab tau txiav txim los ntawm kev suav ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv sib tshooj thiab ru tsev.
Yuav ua li cas ua kom cov dhia hla kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov chaw tsim khoom loj ntawm cov niaj hnub cov nroj tsuag thiab roj-silelas cov hlau, tab sis cov khoom siv tau muaj feem ntau, cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau dua, cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau dua, cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau dua, cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau dua, cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau dua, cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau dua, cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau dua chav tsev them rau theem.
Cov kev xaiv Fawmeded Masonry
Tso los ntawm tus neeg tau txais cov neeg tau txais nrog ib thickness ntawm 250 hli nrog rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov ntxhia plaub (100 mm) thiab ntsib cib. Nruab nrab ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cib sab laug hauv qhov cua sib txawv 50 hli (a). Ib phab ntsa ntawm ua npuas ncauj ua npuasy ua cov pob zeb nrog ib thickness ntawm 400 hli nrog cladding hauv pollipich; Saj zawg zog sib txuas (nyias steel phiaj lossis pas nrig) nyob rau theem ntawm 400-600 mm vertically thiab kab rov tav (b). Kev Pom Zoo: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Kev nyab xeeb hauv tsev
Cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov teeb pom kev yooj yim muab cov microhlimate zoo nyob hauv cov chav, raws li cov dej noo ntxiv los ntawm huab cua (nrog rau kev zam ntawm polystyrene bonts). Qhov zoo no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj qhov cua zoo niaj hnub.Ntau tus kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom nruj thaiv cov phab ntsa los ntawm sab hauv nrog Vapor Rhiav thaiv cov yeeb yaj kiab, raws li qhov no yuav ua rau microclimate hauv tsev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib zog ntawm cov dej noo los ntawm cov npoo sab nraud ntawm phab ntsa. Txij ntawm no pom, qhov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws kom ua tiav lub tsev ntawm lub teeb blocks yog ib cladding nrog lub cib nrog lub ventuzor lossis mounting ntawm lub mounted facade.
Ua Kom Sov Thiab Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj
Lub teeb thaiv, suav nrog cov ceramic, tsis yog qhov zoo nkauj txaus thiab tseem yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam atmospheric noo noo. Cov kev sib txuam feem ntau ntawm cov phab ntsa uas ua tiav tau ntsib (tring) cib, plastering, cladding nrog cov nplaum daws thiab mounting lub mounted facade. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv cia ntxiv rau kev tswj cov phab ntsa.
Siv rau rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa los ntawm lub teeb thaiv polystyrene ua npuas ncauj thiab polyurethane ua npuas ncauj ntoo, ntxiv rau cov ntoo txau polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj vapor tsawg permeability thiab cuam tshuam nrog phab ntsa kom muab noo noo, nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv nrog huab cua.
Phab ntsa nrog cib fim nrog lub tsev "classic" thiab rau hnub no tau siv ntau dua, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom cov qauv tsim ntawm lub hauv paus rau 150 hli Rau nws siv), thiab yog tias muab rau rwb thaiv tsev, ces 200/250 hli.
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias nroog, tshaj rau ntau pua xyoo tsim hauv tsev nrog thawj lub pob zeb thiab ntoo thib ob. Cov tswv yim niaj hnub ua tau tso cai "Architectural inversion". Yees duab: "Planken.ru"
Lub vapor permeability ntawm lub cib fim yog me me, thiab nws tuaj yeem nrhiav ya raws hauv cov ntoo ntsa. Yog li ntawd, ntawm brick thiab block, cov lus nug cov khoom ntawm 20-40 mm yog muab. Yog hais tias masonry ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab cladding yog nqa tawm nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub cib yog txuam nrog cov block ntawm cov paj ntaub paj nruag.
Thaum Cladding twb tsim lub tsev siv anchors. Cov rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau nias feem ntau nias tiv thaiv cov blocks uas siv cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yas hnav ntawm cov pas nrig-jumper.
Cov kab mob ua los ntawm txhuas lossis steel galvanized profiles yooj yim hauv kev teeb tsa thiab ua haujlwm rau 50 xyoo. Yees duab: Ronson
Thaum cov khoom siv ntawm lub facade mounted ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev thiab cladding yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv qhov cua. Yees duab: Ronson
Thaum txhim kho ib lub plaster sov facade, ua ntej ntawm phab ntsa ntawm qhov siab me me daim ntawv wool plhuav (tog twg ob txheej), siv cov khoom txhawb nqa, tshwj xeeb cov kua nplaum, cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb rau qhov no. Tom ntej no, thawj txheej txheej ntawm kev daws teeb meem yog siv rau lub rwb thaiv tsev. Yees duab: Vladimir cov grigoriev / Burda Media
Qhov kev txhawb nqa daim phiaj yog nias rau hauv nws. Yees duab: Vladimir cov grigoriev / Burda Media
Daim phiaj yog kaw nrog txheej tiav ntawm plaster. Sim ua kom siv cov plaster hauv ib txheej (nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib daim phiaj tsau) yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov qauv. Yees duab: Vladimir cov grigoriev / Burda Media
Cov tuam txhab ua lag luam tsim cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb rau cov rwb thaiv tsev fawb. Cia peb hais rockwool rau fawm kib Masonry muaj "Kuvii Batts", thiab rau cov txheej txheem plaster - "Rocafasad". Yees duab: Rockwool.
Lub plastering faadeade yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv kom tev thiab vapor permeability tsawg kawg 0.09 mg / (m • h • pa). Qhov kev siv tau meej tshaj plaws-ua kom cov txiv ntoo thiab cov qhob noom cerzit, xws li pob zeb ua npuas dej, thiab cov pob zeb ua kom yooj yim thiab cov khoom lag luam ceramic.
Clinker Cladding tau muaj kev zam vim yog ib qho kev txo qis hauv tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj thiab ruaj khov. Clinker vuas yog glued rau phab ntsa ua ke nrog lub hauv paus plastering txheej. Thaum rwb thaiv tsev, ua ntej nrog kev pab ntawm cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb tau txais cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev kub siab cov ntxhib cov ntaub plaub, tom qab ntawd cov txheej yas txuas thiab cov nplais.
Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zam zam hnub no yog ntoo plaquen. Cov laug cam yog napped nrog khoob, yog li daim tawv nqaij tsis ncua ntawm noo noo. Yees duab: Dökrken.
Lub mounted facade yog mounted sai dua thiab tso cai rau koj cais cov ntaub ntawv - thaiv cov khoom siv - Panels ua los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov vuas luaj, pob zeb ua thiab pob zeb vuas.
Kev xaiv ntawm mounted facade
Cov ntsiab lus tsim: 1 - Phab ntsa phab ntsa; 2 - rwb thaiv tsev (ntoo-fibrous daim hlau nrog ib tuab ntawm 100 mm); 3 - Kev tiv thaiv hydraulic tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hydraulic; 4 - Ob tog scotch rau pob qij txha; 5 - Facade Board. Yees duab: Dökrken.
Hom teeb thaiv
Arbolitov
Arbolite (qee zaum tsis tau raug hu ua opilk ua vaj tse). Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov xuab zeb-cement sib xyaw thiab cov chips ntoo. Cov ntaub ntawv yog impassable thiab tsis txhawb hlawv, khawb nrog ib tug hacksaw, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws ua rau lub ntsej muag nrawm nrawm (tsis zoo li cov pob zeb ceev ceev).Roj pob zeb ua
Cov ntaub ntawv raw rau nws ntau lawm ua pab me quartz xuab zeb, binders (txiv qaub, Cement) thiab txhuas hmoov. Thaum txhuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog alkaline cement lossis silicate daws, hydrogen npuas yog tsim, vim tias cov khoom tau txais ib qho qauv ntawm tes. Ib qho clumsy kuj sib txawv monolith tau pom rau hauv cov block, uas yog ces qhuav hauv autoclave lossis hluav taws xob rauv. Kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis tso cai rau koj kom sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov blocks. Cov txheej txheem (uas yog, muaj peev xwm pom cov zog hluav taws xob) xav txog cov khoom nrog qhov ceev ntawm 500 kg / m3 thiab ntau dua.
Roj-silicate
Hom roj-pob zeb ua haujlwm yog tsim kom tsis muaj kev siv cov phau ntawv Maas. Nws yog cov thev naus laus zis uas cov kws tsim khoom lag luam yog siv (piv txwv li, ytong). Silical blocks yog me ntsis tsis ntev tshaj li cement, txawm li cas los xij, lawv txawv ntau cov qauv kev sib txawv.Ceramitobeton
Nws yog ua los ntawm cov sandcotent thiab av nplaum gravel ua ib tug muab tub lim. Muaj kev ceev faj (ntau zaus-zaus, plaub-kab) thiab cov khoom lag luam puv. Thawj yog pheej yig dua thiab yooj yim dua, tab sis muaj ntawm cov kab noj hniav loj ua rau qee txoj kev tsim kho ua haujlwm, xws li fin rog. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm ceramzite-pob zeb ua thaiv yog cov pob zeb ua tsis muaj zog bermal insulating muaj peev xwm thiab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm geometric qhov ntev (thev taus txog li 5 hli).
Ceramic khaws thaiv
Txwv tsis pub, ib tug ceramic luv-duct. Nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog theem kawg ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pob zeb liab. Lub block tseem tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum me me, tab sis nws loj yog 5-8 zaug ntau dua, thiab lub khoob ua tiav 55%; Voids muaj daim ntawv ntawm nqaim channels, thiab sib luag convective kub hloov, uas txhim kho insulating muaj peev xwm. Cov chav sib txuas yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm cov tshuaj yas uas tsis ua tiav qhov tseeb. Cov khoom yog qhov nyuaj dua li lub cellular pob zeb ua, txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj ntau dua lub zog thiab kav ntev.Ua Npuas Ua Npuas
Cov yam ntxwv cellular rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog zoo ib yam li kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis, khoom siv hluavtaws lossis cov neeg sawv cev lossis cov txiv neej sib xyaw. Raws li lub zog, ua npuas ncauj ua yog zoo dua rau cov roj-silicate, tab sis muaj cov qauv homogeneous tsawg dua.
Pej xeem nqis
Raws li ib tug muab tub lim rau hauv nws, siv pulp xuab zeb. Los ntawm tshav kub insulating muaj peev xwm, cov block tsis qis dua rau roj av hauv av, thaum ntawd ntau dua cov thermosters thiab ruaj khov. Cov khoom siv tau tsim nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias nyob rau hauv ntau heev tagnrho me me, thiab nws tus nqi yog ntau dua overestimated (los ntawm 6 txhiab rubles ib 1 m3).Polystyrevbeton
Cov av nplaum polystyrene ua npuas ncauj ntoo granules nyob ntau dua 50% ntawm nws ntim. Cov block no yog "sov siab", tab sis muaj vapor tsawg permeability.
Slag
Niaj hnub no, nws yog tsim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas tsis yog dub. Cov khoom siv tau qhuav heev, tab sis muaj tsawg thermal rwb thaiv tsev cov yam ntxwv.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub qog tsev cov khoom thaiv
Saib ntawm phab ntsa thaiv | Arbolitov | Roj-silicate | Ceramitobeton | Ceramic khaws | Ua Npuas Ua Npuas | Polystyrevbeton |
Compressive lub zog, Kgf / Cm | 240-70 | 10-20. | 50-120 | 30-50 | 10-30 | 15-30 |
Ntom ntom, kg / m3 | 400-850 | 400-600 | 700-1400 | 550-650 | 400-900 | 400-600 |
Thermal conductivity, w / (m • ° C) | 0.12-0.30 | 0.10-0.25 | 0.28-0.40 | 0.16-0.25 | 0.10-0.31 | 0.10-0.24 |
Kev nqus dej,% | 60-80 | 100 | tsib caug | 15-30 | 95. | 5-15 |
Tus nqi, txhuam. / M3 | 4000-4200 | 2600-4600-4600 | 2600-2800. | 5100-6000 | 2500-3400 | 2700-3000 |
