Lub suab nrov tiv thaiv lub qhov rai: txhim kho txhim kho lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ob-glazed Windows, tsim cov suab nrov-pov thawj Windows, hu nkauj ua haujlwm
Hauv cov megalopolis niaj hnub, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav lub ces kaum ntsiag to. Nag hmo cov lag ntseg allthys niaj hnub no ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm kev txav ntawm txoj kev loj. Txawm nyob hauv lub loog uas tsis muaj kev cawm seej, dhau lawm los ua suab los ua neeg nyiam tsav ncig lub tsheb khiav ncig ntawm cov chaw neeg taug kev. Lub nroog tsis tso lub neej yav tav su thaum hmo ntuj, muaj lub siab tu ncua ntawm peb cov leeg. Kschsty, peb muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv peb lub tsev los ntawm lub tsheb hum thiab lwm txoj kev suab - koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txais lub qhov rais ntawm tus qauv tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntug
Lub ntsiab ntawm lub suab nrov tiv thaiv lub qhov rai yog lub khob hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb version. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog lub khob bar ntawm ntau dua 80% ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov rais thiab yog tib lub sijhawm uas feem ntau ntawm nws.
Theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog
Raws li Snip 23-03-2003 "tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab nrov ntawm qhov deb ntawm 7.5 m ntawm lub axis ntawm thawj sawb ntawm kev txav. Qhov ntau ntawm cov ntsuas no, hauv Moscow ntawm Kutuzovsky Avenue (hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub ncov, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, - 78DBA. Lub cev muaj suab nrov nyob rau hauv ib qho ntau ntau zaus, thiab qis-fusion wages dominate, kev nkag mus rau lub peev xwm uas yog heev. Txawm tias zoo tshaj plaws squproof qhov rai muaj lub suab nrov nrov. Tab sis tsis siab tshaj 48dba. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov txaus heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov dav dav "suab nrov" ntawm peb lub neej hauv nroog yog 25-30dBA. Peb xyaum tsis pom nws, vim tias lawv twb tau accustomed, thiab yog tias dheev nws yuav "tawm" tawm ", hnov tsis xis nyob. Nws yog los ntawm qhov no uas cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm SNIP 23-03-2003 tau hais tias, teeb tsa lub suab nrov sab nraud: tus qauv tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txo cov "ntim" ntawm txoj kev loj mus rau qhov kev lag luam uas tau 50bb. Intercom nrog daim ntawv no, yog laekv ntawm txoj kev nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub sijhawm maj yog 65db, lub qhov rai yuav tsum muaj lub suab sib xws 15dba; Nrog laekv, suav 30stbe, - 20dba ank.d. Qhov siab tshaj plaws rau lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub qhov rais qhia hauv Snip - 35DBA (ntawm qib kev thauj khoom ntau dua 80dBA). Nco ntsoov tias cov snip xav tau lub sijhawm muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm kom muaj peev xwm ua kom koj muab lub suab nrov dua hauv chav tsev yuav luag ntawm ib txoj kev mus txog 30-35dB.
Pab pawg neeg. | 
Pab pawg neeg. | 
Rau pem teb | 
Yees duab V. Nkag mus |
1-2. Lub Tocal Tshuav Nyiaj Yas Tso cai rau koj siv ob-glazed iav rau 40 hli dav, thiab cov kws tshaj lij ntawm 42mm (yog tias koj txhim kho cov folding expander rau 58mm).
3. Txhawm rau kom lub suab kom nkag mus los ntawm cov pob hauv av mounting seam thaj tsam, tom kawg tau sau nrog ob theem: ua ntej los ntawm sab hauv, tom qab ntawv sab nraud.
4. Los ntawm sab ntawm txoj kev, cov polyurethane rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv kev ya raws thiab ultraviolet hluav taws xob los ntawm plaster los yog platbands.
Tsim cov qauv translucent, uas yuav mus rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv rwb thaiv tsev, yog qhov nyuaj heev. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov iav silicate hauv thaj teb uas translucent tsim. Iav-Acoustic cov khoom siv txhav: nws tsis nqus, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam suab, tab sis nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev cuam tshuam "viav vias" thiab rov ua suab nrov hauv chav. Suab rwb thaiv tsev (r) ntawm ib leeg-txheej glazoning los ntawm ib txwm ntab iav nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 4mm yog me me, tsuas yog 20-25db. Kev nce ntawm cov tsom iav thiab lawv cov tuab tuab tsis coj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. Yog li, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua los ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv thiab tsim qauv txheej txheem "stroytestest", qhov sib txawv hauv lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ib thiab ob-chav iav qhov rai tsuas yog 1-1,5st. Avot loj ntawm sash thiab, raws li, lub nra ntawm cov khoom siv, nws lub fasteners thiab lub moj khaum nce tib lub sijhawm yeej tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsim qauv tswj kom nrhiav txoj kev tawm, thiab tsis yog ib qho, tab sis ob peb. Txog rau hnub tim, muaj peb txoj hauv kev los ua kom cov soundrofing ntawm ob-glazed Windows.
1. Kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev ua txhaum cai. Kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv cov tshooj lus ntawm physics, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm resonance, muab cov kev paub nram qab no. Ntawm ob txoj xov dai ob lub nra ntawm ib sab. Txhim kho Pendulums txuas lub zog tooj liab loj tooj liab thiab tso tawm cov kab ke los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev sib npaug - ntau tsuas yog hais lus, thawb ib qho ntawm cov khoom dai. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xa lub zog rau lub zog thib ob, ob lub viav vias viav vias, hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm oscillations - muaj kev ntaus. Tus txheej txheem no tsis tau sim rau lub sijhawm ntev heev. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog hloov huab hwm coj ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom lossis qhov ntev ntawm cov xov, thiab lub kaw lus yuav ua kom tus kheej rov qab nrawm dua (nrog tib lub npe pib). Nws yog qhov kev txo qis no nyob rau hauv lub resonance nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem symmetry thiab txiav txim siab siv iav Dispensers. Heev ob-chamber tsom iav ua si peb zoo tib yam iav (4mm) sib cais los ntawm huab cua ntawm vaj huam sib luag qhov dav (6-12 hli). Yog tias koj hloov lub thickness ntawm ib qho ntawm cov aircrafts (uas yog, noj ob lub chaw taws teeb ntawm cov dav dav), suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov iav pob yuav nce los ntawm 2-3dba. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua ib qho tsom iav ntawm ib leeg lossis ob-Chamber iav Windows Thicker (5-6mm). Lub suab yoj yog qee qhov nyuaj ntxiv rau "khawb, thiab vim muaj lub ntsej muag zoo li qub ntawm tib lub khob sib npaug) ncav cuag 3,5 st Cov.
Rau pem teb | 
Rau pem teb | 
TiIVI. | 
"Qhov rai tiag" |
5-6. Lub qhov rais nrog asymmetric ob-glazed Windows (5) muab suab nrov suab li 33pad. Raws li kev ua ntej laij cov kev suav ua ntej, ib qho nrov plig plawg ntxiv nrog cov iav tuab (6) yuav ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas 5-6.
7-8. Lub qhov rais nrog kev sib tw ua ke (7) ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis yog qis dua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev vim yog lub thawv dav dav thiab cov asymmetric cov phiaj xwm.
2. Siv cov roj inert. Raws li koj paub, hauv cov suab sib txawv, lub suab tau faib sib txawv, thiab hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev nws tsis tshwm sim txhua. Cov kua txiv hauv inert "kev coj ua" lub suab yog qhov tsis zoo ntau dua li huab cua, thiab tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov oscillations ntawm sab nraud yog kis mus rau lub khob sab hauv. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum sau cov iav sib xyaw ntawm argon (70%) thiab rau (30%). Ib qho kev txo qis ntxiv hauv suab nrov yog 2.5-4dB. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab winnings tau txais nyob rau hauv cov ntau ntawm 250-3000 Hz, thiab ntawm qis zaus, suab rwb thaiv tsev me me tsawg zuj zus. Tib lub puv nrog ib tug rau (6) ua rau lub caij ntuj sov - ua rau lub caij ntuj sov, chav sov yuav kub heev hauv huab cua tshav ntuj.
3. Daim ntawv thov ntawm Triplex. Cov kev tsim kho triplex yog ua ob khob ntsej muag (3-6mm), gluing lawv nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb los yog cov txheej txheem resin. Xws li cov khoom lag luam vim tias cov sonological cov khoom ntawm cov duab polymer cais cov suab los ntawm ib leeg txheej tuab, thiab ua tau zoo heev ntawm cov zaus tsawg. Tig rau ntawm triplex mus rau lub khob chav ua tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub suab suab nrov dua los ntawm 4-5db, tam sim no, qhov ntsuas no tau ua tiav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm siab.
Threeslome Ntau Kev Lom Zem Ntau
Peb-txheej iav-Triplex tsim hauv ob lub thev naus laus zis. Ntawm thawj txoj kev, khob yog glued nrog ib zaj duab xis (polyvinylbutioral lossis silicanic roj hmab) nrog lub tuab ntawm 3-6 μm. Hauv qhov xwm txheej thib ob, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub tsom iav sau tseg los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb cov kab hluav taws xob yog nchuav ib lub teeb pom kev zoo monomer (acrylates nws.d.). Lub resulting txheej ntawm cov tuab ntawm zaj duab xis (7-8 μm) thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua li cov iav kev co. Muaj tseeb, qhov thiaj li hu ua acoustic cov yeeb yaj kiab rau triplex pib tshwm sim tsis ntev los (Belgium (Nyiv), Saint-GOBain iav (Fabkis). Hauv kev ua tau zoo, lawv yog superior rau lub cob.
Cov txheej txheem teev yog feem ntau ua ke, ib qho kev ua haujlwm rau lub khob tshuab ua tau thiab sau nws cov roj inert. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus hais tias "porridge tsis lwj" hauv qhov no tsis yog ib txwm tsim nyog. Piv txwv, xaj ib-chamber iav iav nrog ib lub khob sab nraud, txwv tsis pub muaj cov xwm txheej los txhim kho cov kev resonance thiab thaum kawg tau txais kev txo qis hauv suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account xws li qhov ntsuas tsis yog qhov loj ntawm lub khob iav. Yog tias nws loj dhau (ob-chamber ob-glazed Windows nrog triplex), lub qhov rais soriplex), lub qhov rais so nrog lub sijhawm tuaj yeem tau txais kev cawmdim.
Thib ob ecelon
Tam sim no, lub moj khaum tsim ntawm cov flaps thiab cov thawv yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv yas. Cov tom kawg yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tsos ntawm lub qhov rais thiab nws kev ua hauj lwm kev ntseeg siab, hauv qee qib rau cov suab tshav kub ua kom sov thiab hauv lub suab tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntseeg cov nqe lus tshaj tawm uas muag txog "tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ntsiag to" profiles. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim cov suab nrov tiv thaiv lub qhov rais, nws yog tsuas yog siv tsis yog peb-Chamber ua ke qhov tob ntawm tsawg kawg 70mm. Qhov no yog tsim nyog thiaj li muaj peev xwm los tsim lub iav tshwj xeeb, uas, raws li txoj cai, yog qee qhov tuab dua li niaj zaus (36-40MM). Kschsty, feem ntau ntawm kev nrhiav tshaj plaws-tom qab nruab nrab ntawm tsib-chamber profile ", zoo nkauj (blopline), zoo tagnrho 3000 (ob leeg ( Gealan), brillant tsim (rehau) (tag nrho lub teb chaws Yelemees), "Favera (Bobraf, Russuns) - Tso cai rau koj lub ntsej muag thib ob nrog lub thickness ntawm txog 40-44mm. Ib qho ntxiv, cov ntawv txheeb ze ntawm cov npe teev tau zoo tuav lub ntsej muag. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev thauj khoom ntau heev rau txhua lub Koom Haum Txuas (uas yog, ntsia hlau, ntsia hlau mus rau hauv cov ncej lossis sash) ntawm tus kws tshaj lij KB system yog 50kgs. Tab sis tseem nws yog qhov zoo dua rau cov npoo ntawm lub zog thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, nce tus naj npawb ntawm sash lossis txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub iav pob.
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9. Ib lub teeb ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub khob chav ntawm txhaws roj (ntawm no thiab ntxiv- raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj cov txiaj ntsig glaverbel).
10. Daim duab qhia ntawm lub suab ntawm lub khob chav los ntawm zaus ntawm cov suab thiab siv nyob rau hauv nws cov txheej txheem txheej peb txheej. Triplex yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov siab thiab muaj zog heev.
11. Daim duab ntawm lub suab ntawm lub qhov rais los ntawm cov suab nrov thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj hauv chav ntsuas iav rau lub khob iav (qhov kub sab nraum zoov (rau sab nraum zoov yog -10 c).
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm iav thiab ob-glazed Windows
| Glazing misula | Soundproofing, DBA | Svetopnuska,% | Nqe 112, Rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 (ntab iav) | nees kaum | 90. | 410. |
| 4 (i-iav) | nees kaum | 83. | 800. |
| 4-16-4 * | 27. | 80. | 3600. |
| 4-10-4-10-4 | 28. | 75. | . |
| 4-16-4 (ar) | 32. | 75. | 4300. |
| 6-16-4 | 32. | 78. | 4400. |
| 4-6-4-12-4 | 33. | 74. | 4150. |
| 4-10-40-4-16-4 | 33. | 70. | 4200. |
| 6-10-4-10-4 (ar) | 34. | 74. | 4700. |
| 6-10-4-10-4 (ar + sf6) | 38. | 68. | 4700. |
| 4-12-9 (tiplex suab nrov tiv thaiv) | 42. | 69. | 6500. |
| 4-10-4-10-9 (suab nrov-pov thawj triplex) | 44. | 60. | 6800. |
| * Hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab glazing, cov tuab ntawm lub iav thiab cua Suction (mm) hauv kev taw qhia los ntawm txoj kev; Kuv-iav - cua sov-txuag iav nrog cov khoom mos; Ar (SF6) - Sau cov chav tsev ntawm cov argon (hexplessic grey). |
Muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qhov rooj- feem ntau qhov no yog cov khoom los ntawm ntoo. Lub qhov rais nrog ob (cais thiab ua khub) cov plaub hau tau txais kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm lub tsom iav thiab tsis siv cov iav tshwj xeeb thiab ob-glazed Windows. Qhov tseeb yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm asymmetric glazed yog pom tau tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv: lub ntsej muag sab nraud yog ntsia ib lub khob ntawm 3-4mm tuab, thiab nyob rau hauv lub khob iav sab hauv. Piv txwv li, qhov dav (qhov tob) ntawm domus Windows (Finland - Russia) nrog cais sash yuav yog 105-220 hli. Ntawd yog, cov mis glazing ntawm lub qhov rais kis tau cov ntawv hauv qab no: 3- (80-195) -4-10-4 (cua xuas hauv kev taw qhia los ntawm txoj kev) yog ntu ntu ntu.
Wokon JoineX (Sweden) nrog lawv cov lus nrov nrov thiab cov lus qhia Lavxias zoo li tsis tshua pom kev: 4- (40-12-4, Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, tsis hloov pauv qhov essence ntawm rooj plaub. Raws li cov tuam ntxhab, lub suab nrov ntawm cov qauv zoo li no ncav cuag kab triplex lossis tuab (6-8 hli (6-8) (xws li kev txo qis hauv cov suab nrov muaj Phab Ntsa Thickness ntawm 1.5 cib lossis ib tus qauv phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag tsev). Txawm li cas los xij, cov duab no tseem tsis tau pom zoo los ntawm kev sim hauv Russia. Tsis ntev los no, cov qhov rai yas tau tshwm sim ntawm kev ua lag luam nrog lub thib ob "txias" nrov plig plawg, mus rau hauv uas lub khob yog ntxig nrog ib tuab ntawm 6 hli. Qhov kev sash ntxiv no tau raug tshem tawm sab nraud rau lub ntsiab ntawm lub hinges thiab kho cov latches (paired tsim). Xws li cov khoom muaj, piv txwv li, YUCCO): Hauv cov qauv plastal, nws siv cov hnub nyoog (Russia) thiab veka profiles. Tab sis hais txog kev ua haujlwm (thiab tshwj xeeb, rwb thaiv tsev, rwb thaiv tsev) qhov zoo ntawm lub qhov rais plastal tseem muaj me ntsis paub.
Kev ruaj ntseg puag ncig
Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuab nrog kev sib cais thiab tus nqi siab: xws li lub qhov rais yog yuav luag 2 zaug kim dua nrog ib pob tawb thiab cov suab nrov iav pob khoom. Yog li ib qho nuans txog lub qhov rais moj khaum. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua los ntawm Glaverbel pom tias qhov nce ntawm qhov loj me ntawm qhov tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm txhua zaus los ntawm kev nce qib. Piv txwv li, Fabkis lub qhov rais sash yog 285,501,50mm nrog lub suab nrov-tiv thaiv ob-mm, ib khob ntawm 8 mm) muaj lub suab ntawm 41dB. Aesli faib nws nyob rau hauv kab rov tav, tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas no yuav nce rau 43dB. Yog li, Windows nrog kev khi nquag yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov suab nrov zoo dua li lawv cov "counterparts" nrog cov khoom ci ntsa iab. Tsev kho mob, thawj zaug tuaj yeem tsim tau deb ntawm txhua qhov chaw: qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub qhov rais kos duab ntawm lub tsev, thiab cov tsev saib xyuas vaj tse yog ib txwm ua kom pom. Avolightlinging thiab built-in decorations (yas thiab ntoo teeb pom kev zoo, te pib rattle los ntawm lawv cov kev poob siab.
Xav tau podmyoga
Cov Chaw Sib Tw
Kev txiav txim rau kev tsim cov suab nrov tiv thaiv lub Windows ua haujlwm tshaj plaws: "EURED HEEV", "Qhov rai Hobbit", "Qhov rai Lub Hoobkas", "Tsar-Window ", Yukko (txhua yam - Russia). Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam hloov pauv hauv kev txwv ntau. Nws nyob ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm ua tiav cov thav ntawv, xws li muaj peev xwm ob npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hnyav dua ", teeb tsa hnyav dua" thiab cov duab loj thiab cov duab, xaj ntim. Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ua los ntawm cov dawb tsib-chamber pvc profile nrog ob-lub qhov rooj iav (4-10-4 yuav raug kwv yees li ntawm 7-8 txhiab rubles. Rau 1m2. Kev siv ntawm acoustic tryplex yuav nce cov duab no los ntawm 25-30%. Kev tsim ntawm cov ntoo nrog ib sash yog ntau kim dua - los ntawm 9 txhiab rubles. (Ntoo thuv) thiab txij 19 txhiab rubles. (Oak, tsob ntoo liab) rau 1m2. Finnish hom qhov rais nrog cais sash, ua nyob rau hauv Lavxias kev lag luam, raug nqi los ntawm 12 txhiab rubles. Rau 1m2.
Ua pa ntawm huab cua
Kawg kawg
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom lub suab rwb thaiv tsev yog ua si los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab nruab ntawm lub seam mounting. Yog tias txawm tias lub cev pob txha me me ntawm cov ncej tau tso cai thaum txhim kho, cov sash yuav txuas nrog nws. Cov ntws ntawm huab cua los ntawm cov quav tuab ntawm ob peb lub kaum mills ntawm ib qho laj thawj koj tsuas yog xav nyob rau hauv lub zog khov, tab sis lub suab yuav txeem los ntawm nws thiab thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov. Tshawb nrhiav, feem ntau, lub mounted sib txawv yog tam sim no muaj cov polyurethane ua npuas, qhov no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws insulator thiab cov suab nrov abrogber. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev tshem tawm tau sau rau tag nrho cov dav ntawm lub thawv Profile - cov khoom txuag tau txais tsis tau. Txhawm rau ua npuas ncauj nrog lub sijhawm, nws tsis tau rhuav tshem thiab lub suab rwb thaiv tsev tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm noo noo thiab ultraviolet. Rau qhov no, cov tapes tshwj xeeb yog siv (cub-rwb thaiv tsev, los ntawm hauv vaporizolyting). Tua cov kab xev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua tib zoo cais cov sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Tsis zoo tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau lub suab rwb thaiv tsev dhau lawm loj heev (tshaj 30mm) tus nqi ntawm kev sib dhos ua ke. Lub qhov rais tsis tswj kom khov kho nyob rau hauv qhib, vim li ntawd, nws "ua haujlwm" raws li lub suab nrov ntawm cov suab nrov rau hauv chav tsev yog txhim kho.
Txhawm rau zam kev sib yuav, ua ntej txhua tus yuav tsum tsis txhob kos npe los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lees txais, xa mus rau nws cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim. Ua kom tsis txaus siab ua kev tsis txaus siab, vim tias koj muaj cai. Nco ntsoov ua qhov lav rau kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm: nws lub sijhawm yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 2 xyoos.
Tus kws kho ntawv kho ua tsaug rau lub tuam txhab "profin rus", exprof, aluprof, veka rus, pab pawg iav tshiab, "acoustic pab pawg" rau kev pab hauv kev npaj cov khoom siv.