Hauv cov cua sov nruab, ob qho dej thiab cov dej tsis tau siv tau - cov tshuaj tua kab hlau. Hais txog lawv cov hmoov thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab yuav tau tham.
Raws li paub, ob qho dej thiab tsis muaj kua dej khov kho tuaj yeem siv ua lub coolant hauv cua sov nruab. Txhua tus ntawm cov thawv txias muaj nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo. Peb yuav qhia txog lawv hnub no thiab qhia.
Dej nrog nws lub peev xwm los khaws cia thaum rhuab thiab muab ntau npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub thaum txias, yog qhov txias heev. Nws muaj cov kua zoo thiab yog li yooj yim ncig los ntawm cov cua sov. Ib qho ntxiv, dej yog ib txwm nyob ntawm tes, thiab yog tias koj xav tau ntxiv rau cov cua txias, tsis muaj teeb meem. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias nws yog ib qho khoom siv ib puag ncig. Yog li, qhov toasage muaj peev xwm yuav tsis ua rau "kev raug mob ecological" ntawm cov nplai ntawm ib lub tsev cais. Tab sis! Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig no yog theem kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej khov ntawm cov dej hauv lub kaw lus thiab, raws li tau tshem tawm, tab sis cov cua sov uas yuav tsis tawm hauv lub caij ntuj no). Lwm qhov tsis zoo tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog qhov yuav tsum tau hloov cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ua ntej siv rau cov hlau ua ntej (oxygen, thiab lwm yam, saib cov ntawv sau hauv n 1 ntawm peb cov ntawv xov xwm rau xyoo no) Cov. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li nws tsis yog cov kev pab, lawm, corrosion ntawm txhua qhov hlau seem tshwm sim.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob (los ntawm lus Askiv. Khov "khov", nrog rau cov lus qhia txog kev sib txawv) - qhov no tsis tau siv cov kua dej tsis sib xws tau siv kom txias sab hauv combusionation engines thiab ntau yam kev sib yuav (suav nrog cov cua sov tshuab) ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub hauv qab 0s.
Undoubted zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob suav nrog "tsis khov" ntawm qhov cub kub. Tsis yog tias lawv tsis khov txhua, nws tsuas tsis tshwm sim rau lawv nyob rau hauv cov li ib txwm (tsev neeg) kev nkag siab. Taw qhia los ntawm cov dej, lawv tsis crystalline, tab sis yog tias koj tuaj yeem hais tias, amorphous qauv. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj qhov ntim ntau ntxiv, thiab yog li ntawd tsis ua kom puas (tsis yog "tsis xws luag") cov cua sov. Thaum nce tib qho kub, nws rov tshwm sim rau hauv lub xeev ua kua thiab tuaj yeem ua nws txoj haujlwm. Nws yog cov cuab yeej no thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav luag tsis tau, yog tias thaum lub caij ntuj no hauv lub tsev tsis nyob, nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog kom tso dej cua sov. Thiab, nws txhais tau tias nws pom, tau tuaj txog rau hnub so, tiv thaiv chav. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov txiaj ntsig no thiab xaus, thiab ntau qhov flaws pib. Qhov ntsuas kub yog 10-15% kev ua kom sov ntawm tsev neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tsev yog 10-15% qis dua li ntawm cov dej ntawd, nws ua rau nws tsis zoo thiab ua kom sov. Rau cov neeg siv khoom, qhov no txhais tau tias qhov yuav tsum tau kom tau txais ntau dua (thiab yog li ntawd ntau dua) radiators rau cov cua txias. Cov antifrreas amascosity kuj tseem yog 4-5 zaug siab tshaj li ntawm cov dej cua sov (nws yuav tsum muaj ntau dua li ntawm cov twj tso kua mis yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kwv yees li 10% ntxiv, thiab cov Kwv yees kwv yees yog 60% siab dua). Thiab cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion muaj ntau tshaj li ntawm cov dej, kom zam dhau qhov teeb meem ntawm "kev nkag siab", qhib tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj dua ntawm cov ntim loj. Yog vim li cas cov kws tshaj lij hauv ib lub suab hais tias: yog tias cov tshuaj pleev thaiv kom siv nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus, nws yog pib hloov cov dej nrog ib tug txias txias yog frumbles nrog loj teeb meem.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm nws cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab, vim tias poob ntawm thawj lub cev. Thiab txhoj puab txhoj puab heev, raws li lawv hais, tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv galvanized, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev thaiv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab ke) thiab yooj yim "noj" cov roj hmab zoo nkauj "uas nyob hauv cov khoom siv cua sov (tsis xav paub txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob - paronite, lwm yam). Muaj qee cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tshaj nyob ntawm cov tshuaj pleev nkaus. Tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv ib puag ncig phooj ywg. Cov kev sib ncig ntawm cov txheej txheem nyob hauv qee qhov kev txwv ua npuas dej, uas ua rau qee qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov ntsuas cua sov thiab kho cov kev nplij siab siv cov thermostats. Kednostats yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi thiab qhov yuav tsum tau khaws cov khoom siv tas mus li ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim, yog tias koj xav tau ntxiv rau lub system (piv txwv li, thaum muaj kev kub).
Ua ntej sau lub txias rau cov qub system, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ntej ntxuav nws nrog kua rau tu cov chaw, dixis-lev, supertex lossis lwm yam zoo sib xws. Txog kev tshem tawm cov pa hluav taws xob nrawm los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev, nws raug pom zoo kom ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 2-3 teev.
Hloov cov dej mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev neeg tuaj yeem tsuas yog tias qhov no tsis raug txwv los ntawm cov tub tsim khoom boiler. Piv txwv li, Proterm (Czech koom pheej) Kev ua haujlwm rau txoj cai rau kev tiv thaiv yog tias muaj kev tawm tsam hauv lub kaw lus, uas tau sau tseg hauv daim coupon Warranty.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dab tsi yuav tsum siv nyob rau hauv cov cua txias? Lub tsheb "TOSOL" tsis haum rau ntawm no, vim nws muaj cov ntxiv uas tsis tso cai siv nyob rau hauv thaj chaw nyob hauv nroog. Saline daws (ntaus "Arctic" thiab "asol"), txawm tias lawv muaj lub sijhawm ua kom haum, raws li lub sijhawm "tau daws teeb meem" ntawm cov pa taws kub ( Piv txwv li, hauv cov cua sov nrog cov rwj thiab acgv, tsim los ntawm zhukovsky tshuab-tsev nroj tsuag, siv ntawm "Arctic" yog txwv tsis pub). Nws ua raws li cov tshuaj antectosis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-cua txias tshwj xeeb tsim los rau cov cua sov tshuab. Qhov no yog dab tsi thiab lawv tus cwj pwm yog dab tsi?
Tam sim no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li cov kev daws teeb meem axylene Glycol tau muab hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws. Yog tias muaj kev daws teeb meem, xws li kev daws teeb meem muaj 65% ntawm ethylene glycol thiab 31% ntawm cov dej (seem 4% - inhibitors 'ntxiv). Cov khoom no, uas yog suav tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov yam ntxwv kub, tsis yog qhov txias dua, tsis yog khov rau qhov kub -65, 70s, thiab ethylene glycolol los ntawm nws yuav luag tsis yaj. Tab sis txhawm rau ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb (kev hloov cua sov), tsis yog ua npuas dej rau hauv kev ua haujlwm txaus siab (tsis txhob siv tshuaj lom neeg (tsis txhob ua tiav daim ntawv tso rau saum npoo ntawm system) thiab tsis ua kom rhuav tshem cov qauv txheej txheem. Cov haujlwm no pab nws daws tau ntau yam kev sib ntxiv: inhibitors ntawm kev ua kom haum ntawm cov hlau, thiab lwm yam, constituting li 4% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm kev daws.
Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias lag luam muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev. Txawm tias cov khoom lag luam zoo xws li cov yaum dej n thiab inibael ntawm German ntau lawm, peb xyaum tsis haum vim yog tus nqi siab. AZA lawv maj mam ploj ntawm kev muag khoom thiab lwm cov khoom lag luam txawv teb, muab cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev nrog yuav luag undivided lub zog hauv khw. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem muag raws li hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub siab (95% glycol) thiab twb tau npaj rau siv - tus naj npawb ntawm pib crystallization (raws li txoj cai, 30 lossis 65) yog qhia lossis lo lus "mloog zoo" yog teeb tsa. Cov. Ntau tus neeg siv khoom los pab txhawb kev thauj mus los xav kom muaj kev xav lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv "(nrog rau sab qaum teb huab cua) thiab nkag mus rau sab qaum teb Piv txwv li, thaum diluting nrog cov dej antiflerauv nrog khij "65" uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob 2: 1 (2) ntawm lub crystallization yog -30c, thaum diluted 1: 1, lub coolant nrog qhov kub ntawm lub pib ntawm crystallization -20c. Cov neeg uas nyiam kom tsis txhob dilute ntawm qhov chaw tau yuav cov khoom tiav, thiab yog tias qhov kub ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv xav tau, qhov no muaj kuj tseem muaj.
Nws zoo nkaus li yooj yim thiab zoo. Tab sis ... ethylene glycol, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj antifle, thaum tus neeg nkag mus rau hauv pawg thib peb) (yog hais tias "tshuaj lom" ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem dhau los ua koob tshuaj rau ib tug neeg laus. Yog vim li cas antifreat ntawm qhov pom zoo rau kev siv tshwj xeeb (!) Nyob rau hauv cov cua sov cua sov (nrog rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob kaw). Thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau hauv kev tu siab ntawm qee qhov kev tu siab-nruab ntawm cov cua kub uas yog cov neeg siv qhib rau thaum muaj kev phom sij hauv nws tus kheej tsis yog Tatt.
Tab sis dab tsi txog lub tank qhib tank)? Nws yog pua pua txhiab lub tsev caij ntuj sov thoob plaws Lavxias, yog tias tsis lab. Rau lawv, qhov kev tawm yog siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antifrreezes tsis raws cov ethylene glycol, uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom ib yam, txij li xyoo 1996, kev hloov mus rau propylene glycols antifroze pib Kev hloov mus rau propylene glycol Antifreed. Ntawm no lawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los thov hauv cov tshuab qhib. Muaj tseeb, lawv raug nqi 2-2.5 zaug kim dua li lub ethylene glycol. (Rau kev siv: Yog tias cov litre ntawm antifrower yog raws li ethylene glycole, tab sis ntawm cov propylene glycol - 54-57 rubles) ntau dua ib nrab Ib xyoos cov khoom siv raw hauv cov khoom lag luam raw hauv kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tshwm sim ntawm cov nqi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov polypropylene ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 40%. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, vim muaj kev poob ntsej muag ntse hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thoob ntiaj teb tsuas yog tso tseg tsis tshwm sim hauv Lavxias, uas tsis tau tsoo qhov kev ua ntej. Cov tuam tsev hauv tsev tsim cov niche tseem tsis tau muaj txaus, vim tias ntawm muag "nyab xeeb" kev tiv thaiv glycol tau tsawg. Tab sis nws zoo li tias qhov kev thov kom nce ntxiv - Lavxias cov neeg siv khoom yuav hloov lawv cov kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig.
Peb cov kev tshuaj xyuas muab cov lus sib piv hauv uas, ntxiv rau qhov kub thiab txias (ntawm kev kub siab thaum muaj 20 thiab 80 tseem ceeb rau cov kua dej txias, tab sis tsis dav Cov ntsuas luam tawm uas koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog.
Corrosion cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv cov cua sov (tooj liab, hlau, cam, faib rau G / M2 ib hnub. Raws li cov gost uas twb muaj lawm, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj cov hauv qab no: tooj liab, steel, cam khwb cia hlau, tsis ntau tshaj 0.1; Solder tsis ntau tshaj 0.2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog no yog qhov tseem ceeb (ntawm 10, thiab txawm 20 zaug) hauv qab no. Thiab yog dab tsi lawv tsis tshua muaj, qhov cua sov ntev dua.
Lub foamability yog xam siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb (los ntawm qee yam ntim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub, cua ntawm qhov siab ntawm foam cap hauv centimeters. Raws li GOST, qhov siab ntawm no "CAP" rau kev siv kua dej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 30 cm. Lub sijhawm teem rau qhov ploj ntawm cov npuas tsis ntau tshaj 3 s. High ua npuas ncauj lub kaus mom thiab lub sijhawm zoo ntawm nws txoj kev sib hais haum hais tias cov tshuaj antifle tsis yog nyob ntawm koj thiab nws cov tuam ntxhab tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev hais lus.
Cuam tshuam rau cov roj hmab thiab Gaskets. Yog tias GOST tau tso cai rau o roj hmab roj hmab tsis ntau tshaj 5%, tom qab ntawd thaum siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, nws tsis tshaj 0.5%.
Qhov twg tuaj yeem paub nrog cov ntsuas uas tau hais tseg yog tias koj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis suav nrog kev soj ntsuam xyuas? Hmoov tsis zoo, lawv yog qhov nyuaj los nrhiav lawv hauv txhua daim ntawv pov thawj rau cov khoom. Tab sis lawv tau qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm, uas txhua tus kheej hwm tus kheej (thiab tus neeg yuav khoom!) Cov chaw tsim khoom nrog nws cov khoom, muab cov muag khoom. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ua siab deb los nug lub xub ntiag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no hauv khw thaum xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab yog tias tsis tshwm sim, nws zoo dua los muab kev yuav khoom.
Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
Piav qhia txog lub taub hau ntawm cov ntsuas cua sov thiab cua sov ntawm cov wgup "niizantehthniki", tus tswv cuab ntawm tus presidium ntawm NPKOK, tus neeg sib tw ntawm kev kos duab Vitaly Ivanovich Sasin:
- Cov ntaub ntawv npaj tawm hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tiag tiag tsim nyog mloog. Thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Kuv, nyeg, xav ua kom ntau tus ntxiv rau nws, uas, hauv kuv phau ntawv xov xwm, yuav pab tau rau ob phau ntawv xov xwm thiab rau txhua tus uas xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv cua sov.
ib tug. Thaum siv cov khoom siv tub sab tsev cam khwb cia, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau siv tsis tshua muaj kev ceev faj, hmoov tsis, hauv cov log tsheb uas tau muab rau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov tswv yim. Qee cov neeg tsim khoom-cov chaw tsim khoom yog siv rau kev tsim cov gaskets hoses uas nws cov roj pleev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv roj pleev noj sai sai.
2. Ntau cov tuam ntxhab sib cav tias tsis muaj zog glycolene glycol evaporates los ntawm cov tshuaj antifab, tab sis tsuas yog muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis txaus ntshai. Kev pom zoo no tsis tau lees paub thiab muaj kev sib cav, txij li thaum npau taws hauv ntej Glycol yog ob zaug kom ntau npaum li dej. Tab sis, yuav tsum li ntawd, yog ethylene glycols tiv thaiv tau muaj dej txhawv yuav tsum tsawg kawg, txhim kho ib qho ntoo ntab hauv nws, uas kaw tag nrho saum npoo. Qhov ntawd yog, txawm hais tias cov lus hais txog kev tsis muaj zog, cov tuam ntxhab txawv teb chaws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau los.
3. Cov antifleangle cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cua sov tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm txhua tus ncej expansion tso tsheb hlau luam, tsis yog txhua tus roj hmab siv hauv lawv yuav ua kom dhau "kev sib txuas lus" nrog xws li lub coolant. Yog li ntawd, xaiv ib qho hluav taws xob tank, koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias nws yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
plaub. Peb tau ntsib cov kev tshawb fawb no nrog qhov tseeb uas thaum lub sij hawm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qee cov tshuaj antifreezes siv rau cov tshuaj "hauv zos" tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov khoom siv nrog nag. Peb tsuas yog ntxiv ntxiv, yog tsim nyog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Txhawm rau pov tawm tsam xws li qhov tshwm sim, nws ua rau kev nkag siab zoo rau kev npaj-siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lossis siv dej distilled kom dilute.
tsib. Qee lub thermostats, muaj ob lub teeb ua kom haum: "Labour" (nws tseem siv cov neeg siv khoom) thiab nws tseem siv sab hauv lub ntsuas cua sov thiab muab zais cia muaj). Qhov "nplai" cov nplai hloov kho qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm lub diaphragm rau kev hla ntawm lub coolant, thiab yog tias nws tau nruab rau qhov chaw qis (txoj haujlwm 1 lossis 2 ntawm 7-8 muaj), tom qab los ntawm ntse txuas ntxiv. Lub coolant hla dhau ntawm cov diaphragm ua rau cov cua sib cais thiab, vim yog kev tsim cov huab cua lossis ua npuas dej. Rau dej, qhov tshwm sim no tsuas yog tsis txaus siab, tab sis rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav siv rau hauv cov cua sov, "teeb tsa" teeb tsa yuav tsum suav nrog txoj haujlwm, tsawg kawg 3 (ntxiv rau saum toj). Thiab rau cov chaw teeb tsa zoo li no nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau taug kev ntau ntawm theem ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov thermostats.
6. Tsis muaj teeb meem Yuav ua li cas zoo tsis siv neeg huab cua, hauv antifrotras tshuab, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tuav cov khoom siv. Qhov no cuam tshuam nrog kev ua npuas dej pleev tshuaj. Cov lus pom zoo paticycled tseem tsis tau txhawb nqa, tab sis kev coj ua ntawm kev quab yuam twb tau lees tias nws.
7. Thaum txhim kho cua sov tshuab nrog cov kav dej steel rau hauv cov ntawv sib txuas, nws yog categorically impeded mus thov cov ntaub ntawv hla hauv ib khub nrog cov xim. Kev npau suav siv tau los ntawm dej, tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ua rau ci ntsa iab. Nws tsuas yog "noj". Rau kev teeb tsa nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov foob tshwj xeeb, xws li loadTite, nrog rau cov duab sib dhos tshwj xeeb 1/2 "), locynerization threaded cov xov uas muaj xov (10 ml) yog $ 9. Txaus rau ntawm cov kab ke thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau, tab sis lawv siv yog siab ncaj ncees los ntawm kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev teeb tsa.
yim. Ua ntej nchuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hauv lub kaw lus, nws yuav tsum muab yaug nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov "teeb tsa" rau cov kev kho no muaj 2 xws li - ntxuav (acid composition) thiab cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntxuav cov kua qaub. Lub lag luam yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ua ntej sau thawj zaug sau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau hauv lub system, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab siv ua dej txias. Txwv tsis pub, muaj kev pheej hmoo uas cov tshuaj antifab "cov khoom pov thawj" xeb thiab nplai thiab pom cov kav dej tsuas yog cov kav dej sov.
cuaj. Vim tias kev hloov ntawm evaporation ntawm cov tshuaj antifrroze hauv cov tshuab qhib, feem ntau nws yog qhov tsim nyog hauv nws cov ncauj lus. Yog tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, yuav tsis muaj teeb meem. Yog tias tsis muaj Tshuag, nws tsim nyog yuav khoom thiab thov kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tau siv yav tas los. Tus "Tshiab" coolant tuaj yeem ntxiv yog tias koj ntseeg tau tag nrho, tsis muaj nag li ntawm qee qhov (lossis txawm tias txhua yam) hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov quav ntxiv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov zis ntawm cov quav ntxiv los ntawm cov muaj feem yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cheebtsam, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau yooj yim rau cov "olds" antes lub kaw lus thiab tsuas yog siv "tshiab".
Thiab kawg. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lus qhia nthuav qhia yog raws cov kev paub thiab yuav tsum muaj kev kawm tob thiab kev sib sau ua ke hauv cov lus pom zoo. Leej twg yuav tsum tau ua cov kev kawm no thiab cov nyiaj ua haujlwm dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj. Feem ntau yuav ua tau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib txuas nrog tsoomfwv kob nrog cov neeg nyiam ua cov kev kawm xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
| Piv cov ntsuas ntsuas | Raug ruaj | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Praid", Moscow | "Tks", Moscow * | "Fort", Moscow ** | Himavto, Moscow | "Gelis-int", Moscow | PTK T-S, St. Petersburg | "Prima Lex", Moscow | ||||
| Hom antifrarze | "Priud-40" / "Pride-K" / "Txaus siab rau Elite-K" | "Kub ntshav-30m" / "ntshav kub-65m" | "Kub Ntshav-30 ECO" / "Kub Ntshav-65 ICO" | "Nord-K" / "Nord-65" " | "Lub tsev sov-65" " | Dixis sab saum toj. | Dixis-30 / Dixis-65 | Golf Kid-30 / golf Strave-65 *** | "Argus hatdip" / "Argus Galan" | "Argus Ekovarm-65" / "Argus Ekovarm-30" |
| Lub hauv paus | Ethylene glycol | Ethylene glycol | Propylene Glycol | Ethylene glycol | Ethylene glycol | Propylene Glycol | Ethylene glycol | Ethylene glycol | Ethylene glycol | Propylene Glycol |
| Ntws, G / CM3, ntawm qhov kub: | ||||||||||
| 20 1 | 1,080 / 1,134 / 1,134 | 1,062 / 1,086. | 1,045 / 1,048. | 1,12 / 1.08. | 1,085 | 1,040. | 1,06 / 1.09. | 1,06 / 1.09. | 1,09 / 1.08. | 1.05 / 1.04. |
| 80s | - | 1.05 / 1.05 | 1.08 / 1.00 | - | - | 0.99 | 1,03 / 1.05 | - | 1.05 / 1.04. | - / 0.99 |
| Hneev taw tes, c, ntawm 760mm HG. | 115/135/135 | 106/115 | 108/110 | 189/12. | 112. | 106. | 106/111 | 108/112 | 110/110 | 109/106. |
| Crystallization pib kub, nrog | -40 / -37 / -37 | -33 / -68 | -35 /--65 | -70 / -65 | -65 | -32. | -32 / -66 | -32 / -67 | -65 / -65 | -63 / -32 |
| Tshav kub muaj peev xwm, KJ / (KGK), ntawm qhov kub: | ||||||||||
| 20c. | - | 3.42 / 3.09. | 3.56 / 3,37 | - / 3,2 | 3,17 | 3,61 | 3.45 / 2.97 | 3.45 / 3,01 | 3,10 / 3,14. | 3.38 / 3,57 |
| 80c. | - | 3.63 / 3,244. | 3.80 / 3,62. | 3/2 3. 3.7 | 3,51 | 3.81 | 3.63 / 3.24. | 3.70 / 3.20. | 3,25 / 3.26. | 3.63 / 3,78. |
| Corrosion Cuam Tshuam Rau Cov Hlau: | ||||||||||
| Tooj liab | 0.035 / 0 / - | 0.03 / 0.03. | 0.03 / 0.03. | 0.01 / 0.002. | 0,01 | 0,01 | 0/0. | 0/0. | 0.00 / 0.07 | 0.04 / 0.03. |
| Tooj daj | 0.05 / 0.02 / - | 0.040 / 0.040 | 0.02 / 0.02. | 0.01 / 0.002. | 0.02. | 0.03 | 0/0. | 0/0. | 0.02 / 0.06. | 0.03 / 0.02. |
| Rab cev | 0.2 / 0.12 / - | 0.08 / 0.06. | 0.04 / 0.06. | 0.01 / 0,01 | 0.03 | 0.04. | 0.03 / 0.07 | 0.03 / 0.07 | 0.03 / 0.04. | 0.05 / 0.05 |
| Tooj dawb | 0.05 / 0 / - | 0.02 / 0.04. | 0.04 / 0.03. | 0.02 / 0,01 | 0.04. | 0,01 | 0/0 | 0/0. | 0.02 / 0.06. | 0.03 / 0.02. |
| Nrum Hlau | 0.02 / 0 / - | 0.02 / 0.020 | 0.02 / 0.02. | 0.01 / 0,01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.003 / 0,01 | 0.003 / 0.001. | 0.00 / 0.07 | 0.03 / 0.03. |
| Hlau | 0.02 / 0 / - | 0.01 / 0.020 | 0.00 / 0,01 | 0.01 / 0,01 | 0,01 | 0.02. | 0.01 / 0.02. | 0.01 / 0.002. | 0.00 / 0.05 | 0.01 / 0,01 |
| Foaming: | ||||||||||
| Lub ntim ntawm ua npuas ncauj tom qab 5 feeb ntawm 88c, cm | 1 / 0.8 / 0.8 | 12/15 | 11/12. | 10/15 / 5 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1.3 / 11. | 7.0 / 4.0. |
| Lub sijhawm ua npuas ncauj ploj, nrog | 2/3/3 | 1 / 1.5 | 1.7 / 1.6 | 1.5 / 1 / 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 / 1,1 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1/2 | 1.5 / 1.5 |
| Roj hmab o (hloov hauv ntim rau 72 teev ntawm 100 ° C),% | 0.6 / 2.9 / 2.9 | 1.2 / 0.9 | 1.0 / 1,1 | 1.2 / 0.6 / 0.4 | 1,1 | 1,4. | 1.8 / 1.85 | 1.2 / 1.09. | 1.3 / 1.7 | 1.8 / 1.6 |
| Ntim Ntim, L | 1.4 / 1.4 / 4 | 10, 20, 50, 200 | 10, 20, 50, 200 | 10, 20, 50, 200 | 20, 30. | 10, 20, 30, | 10, 20, 50, 200 | 10, 20, 50, 200 | - | |
| Nqe, Rub / L (Tsis muaj Pob) | 33.2 / 53.6 / 66.9 | 12.6 / 19,2 | 39.0 / 54.0. | 25.5 / 16/12 | 16-17 | 48. | 17/24 | 14.0 / 20.0. | 19.0 / 9.0. | 57.0 / 45.0 |
| * - Ntau lawm tus qauv los ntawm ISO 9000; ** - muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv tshwj xeeb uas txo cov dej xau ntawm kev to taub 30-40%; *** - muab cov cim zoo ntawm lub union ntawm cov neeg siv Lavxias thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2003 |
Cov kws khoosts ua tsaug lub tuam txhab "TEKS", "Gelis-int", "HTV T-S" thiab "PTK T-S" thiab "Forte" rau kev pab ntawm cov khoom siv.