Nrhiav cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj thaum xaiv cov khoom rau lub ru tsev yog qee zaum nyuaj heev. Pib qhov twg? Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev? Vim li cas "quaj" ru tsev?
Pee los ntawm ob peb lub dej- tshwm sim tsis zoo kiag li
Sexian noo noo
Qhov no yog lub zog ntawm lub zog hauv tsev.
Anatoly Krivtsov, Kws Kws Kawm
Peb lub sij hawm muab nyob rau hauv cov npe yog feem ntau pom tau tias txawv tib lub npe. Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm txhua lwm yam, tab sis ze ze cuam tshuam. Pab cov nyeem nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus nug thiab zam cov ntaub ntawv xaiv rau kev tsim txom cov tsev ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ua rau peb txoj haujlwm ib txwm muaj, ua haujlwm ntawm peb cov ntawv tshaj tawm.
Tshooj I.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Vov Tsev
Nrog rau kev tuaj txog ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, txhua tus neeg uas tsim lossis kho lub ru tsev, yog li cov architecture tsis qaub, thiab cov neeg nyob ze ntawm Akhali. Tsis muaj teeb meem hauv Russia tam sim no hauv Russia. Kom- yuav nqa thiab mounted. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog nrhiav tau cov kev daws teeb meem qee zaus qee zaum nws nyuaj heev. Qee cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev hauv txhua lub khw muaj txog li ib hom dej. Ntawm no cia peb tham txog kev sib thooj thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv.Yog tias koj coj hauv pem teb mus rau kev faib tawm cov ru tsev raws li hom waterproofing txheej, koj tuaj yeem xaiv yob, nplooj thiab hom me me) ntawm txheej.
Rolled ru tsev
Rolled ru tsev yog ua los ntawm bitumen thiab bitumen-polymeric cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev txhawb nqa lub hauv paus (hluavtaws, los ntawm iav chester lossis elastomricer pulcanized zaj duab xis). Yuav ua li cas yog nws yuav tsis nco qab qhov zoo-paub siv root-bitumen txheej ntawm daim duab qhia! Tab sis qhov no yog nag hmo, yog li ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov shortcomings: raug rau rotting, raug rau rotting, deterioration ntawm elarstity hauv qab hnub ci hluav taws xob.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab los tiv thaiv huab cua phem (tshwj xeeb nrog cov vov tsev tiaj), tsim nyog yuav cov khoom lag luam tshiab, qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws yuav cov khoom siv polymer uas tau hloov cov roj hmab. Cov feem ntau dav siv peb ntawm lawv hom: Bitumen-polymer, polymer thiab mastic dov txheej. Txhua tus neeg zoo dua rau cov roj hmab ob qho tib si ntawm tus nqi thiab kev pabcuam lub neej. Rau cov yob roj hmab yob (115m) ntawm RPP-300 hom, koj them $ 4, thiab bitumen-polymer txheej yuav raug nqi $ 20-40. Tab sis lawv ua haujlwm txij li 15 txog 20 xyoo, thiab lub ru tsev hloov tawm dua hauv ib thiab ib nrab tus uas luam cov refutrued lub ru tsev, them ib qho kev ua haujlwm tshiab cardoid thiab ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub installation.
Rolled ru tsev los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm bitumen thiab polymers yog lub plawv tsis daws polyester, fiberglass lossis ntaus iav. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm polymer modifiers rau binder (bitumen) muab qhov txhais tau tias yog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab, yog li ntawd, ua rau muaj cov txheej txheem durability ntawm txheej. Raws li rau lub hauv paus, lub iav Christmas yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws. Nws, zoo li cardboard, yog yooj yim, yog li cov ntaub ntawv raws nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev thov ua cov txheej hauv ob kab. Polyester thiab fiberglass 1.5-2 zaug ntau dua li iav txias dua li muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev thaum ua haujlwm. Cov panels yog sau nrog tus qauv txav ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov pob zeb ua, hlau lossis glued nrog mastic.
Bituminous polymer tau muab faib ua cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj oxidized ") thiab ua tau tiag tiag bitumen-polymer (" balroplast "," isoprolast "). Nws thiab lwm tus yuav rov qab hloov tau txaus ntawm qhov kub ntawm 15-2-5 ° C, muaj cov cua sov tsis kam ntawm 100-150s thiab yog heev resistant rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv bitumen niaj hnub muaj qhov loj txaus txo cov txheej txheej ntawm cov vov tsev lossis cov ntaub pua plag uas tsis muaj kev cia siab thiab tsis txaus ntseeg.
"Locur" thiab "Bikrost" yog cov khoom siv muaj zog heev nrog ib qho tuab ntawm tsawg kawg 3mm, txheej ntawm lawv ua haujlwm 7-9 xyoo. Lawv tau zoo haum rau ob qho tib txheej hauv qab ntawm lub ru tsev thiab cov dej tsis muaj zog (khaws dej txheej rau 52 hli). "Bikroplast" thiab "Isoplast" yog kim dua. Tab sis qhov no ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv boluminicy polymeric, txheej ntawm uas yuav ua haujlwm 15-20 xyoo nyob rau hauv txhua yam huab cua. Bitumen-polymer cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv rolls 70-100 cm dav thiab los ntawm 7 txog 20m ntev, "Gerbish") thiab finnonikol "," Kev Tshaj Lij " Liimaultra thiab pintaultra) thiab KatePal (Topla yob lub ru tsev).
Mos Ru Tsev
Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm "muag ru tsev" muaj ib qho yooj yim bitumen vuas (nws tseem yog hu ua cov vuas vuas vuas lossis shingles). Nws yog cov ntawv tiaj tiaj tus (lawv ib txwm muaj qhov ntev - kwv yees li 10034cm) nrog pigals lossis tej nplaim paj ntawm ib ntug. Tej nplaim yuav muaj hom kev nquag lossis elongated hexagon, Pentagons thiab duab plaub, "ntses nplai", thiab lwm yam.Saj zawg zog pobzeb zoo nkaus li zoo ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev ntawm txhua yam architecture. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tias cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv rau cov ru tsev ntawm cov kev sib txawv ntau dua, ua rau lub ru tsev thiab lub ru tsev txaj muag, muab yuav luag tiav nruj. Nws yog lub teeb yuag thiab pheej yig dua ($ 7-8 ib 1m2). Nyob rau ntawm 1M2 lub vov tsev siv yuav luag 7lists, qhov loj ntawm uas yog 18,5 txog 11kg.
Bituminous nplais muaj ntau txheej txheej qauv. Lub hauv paus yog pre-imprified nrog ib qho hloov kho lub khob chroumen (tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov khoom siv ntev ntev). Ddvu ob sab nws yog them los ntawm kev hloov kho lossis oxidized bitumen. Lub pob zeb xim lossis cov ntxhia pob zeb lossis cov ntxhia pob zeb tau thov los ntawm saud, thiab hauv qab no cov xuab zeb xuab zeb. Lub sprinkles cia tsis tsuas mus rau "xim" rau pem hauv ntej sab ntawm lub pobzeb nyob rau hauv cov xim txawv, tab sis kuj mus cuag cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam huab cua los ntawm kev noj rains, snowfall, lawg, thiab lwm yam
Cov vuas tau thov rau lub dav hlau qis ntawm txhua lub pobzeb (txiav). Ib qho kev sib txawv yog qhov ua tau thaum 100% ntawm cov chaw qis dua yog them nrog kua nplaum, thiab cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa yog qhov yooj yim facilitated. Tab sis qee zaum cov nplaum txheej uas muaj 60% ntawm cov npoo (piv txwv li, hauv cov vuas vov los ntawm Katepal thiab Tegola). Ntawm cov nroj tsuag, xws li txheej yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb silicone zaj duab xis, uas tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd ua ntej gluing cov nplais hauv qhov chaw. Ntawm flooring ntawm lub hom, cov nplaim nplaum nplaum yog superimpos ntoo nteg hauv qab, tsim cov ntawv cua sov kiag li, nkaum cov pob qij txha, nkaum pob qij txha ntawm cov strips thiab tus hts ntawm mounting tes. Xws li txheej txheej tsis yuam cov cua!
Tsis zoo li ntau cov yob ru tsev, ib qho muag muag me me yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus nrog lub siab kub siab rau hnub kub (bitumen muag muag taw tes yog tsis pub dhau 110-120C). Yog li ntawd, rau cov kev txhawj xeeb uas cov txheej pib sau, tsis muaj laj thawj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ru tsev muag muaj qhov tsis muaj thermal tsawg, yog li cov tsis muaj daus-incov avalanche thaum cua sov lub ru tsev ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tau lav. Lub ru tsev yog qhov yooj yim kho, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog txiav thaj chaw puas thiab kua nplaum lub iav tshiab. Thiab thaum kawg, cov nplais me me yog cov nrov heev tshwm sim, piv txwv li, los nag lossis lawg.
Qhov nruab nrab (lees paub los ntawm tsab ntawv lees paub ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom) kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov vuas mos yog 15 xyoos. Tab sis thaum ua kev ua raws li cov thev naus laus zis, lub ru tsev yuav ua haujlwm ntev dua 30-50 xyoo. Tegola (Ltalis), Cate, Lemminkainen (Belland), Gaflium), Gafley (Belloex, equateed (United States cov lag luam. Cov nplais me me. Lub ru tsev muag yog tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, Ryazan Cardboard thiab Retberoid cog thiab Moscow tuam txhab Tekhnonikol.
Cov kev ntxhib los mos thiab pleev xim ntawm cov vuas bituminous ntawm cov thawj coj ua yog muaj ntau haiv neeg. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov xim thiab ntxoov yog xam los ntawm kaum (Tegola cov txiv ntoo muaj ntau dua ob puas). Cov nplais nws tus kheej yog tsim nrog cov nplaim paj uas lawv cov lus qhia ua kom cov ntoo, slate lossis av qeeg. Muaj ntau cov kev daws teeb meem. Yog li, ua tsaug rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim dub thiab pleev xim rau cov pob zeb sab saud ntawm cov nplaim paj yog tsim cov duab ntxoo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov hlua khi ua cov qauv zoo nkauj embossed embossed qauv ntawm lub ru tsev, thiab tag nrho lub tsev muab ib qho elegant thiab zoo saib. Xws cov vuas yog tsim los ntawm KatePal (qauv katrilly thiab jazzy, $ 8-10 hom 1m2, $ 8-9 rau 1m2).
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv khw muag khoom koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov kev xaiv nthuav ntau. Hais, tiled nrog tooj liab (purity99.7%) txheej los ntawm kev sau los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb, "Prestige compact", "Prestige tradishnl"). Cov khoom siv no yuav pab tau ntau tus thaum kawg ua kev npau suav - ua ib lub tsev nrog "tooj liab". Ntxiv mus, qhov "qog" dhau sijhawm yuav them rau cov duab plaub ntug uas muab cov hlau los ntawm cov hlau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ua qias tuaj).
Cov phaj ntawm cov vuas loj me me me "prestige elite" muaj 8shlooev ntawm cov khoom siv: oxidized bitumen, tiag tiag tooj liab phaj, tus kheej adhesive sawb, tus kheej. Tag nrho cov tuab tuab - 5 hli. Tooj liab bent raws ntug ntawm tej nplaim los xyuas kom meej kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov teebmeem bituminous los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm atmospheric prenomena. Thaum 1m2, lub ru tsev yog kwv yees li 704cm hauv qhov loj me txhua tus nqi ntawm 1m2 cov khoom siv $ 16.9.
Saj zawg zog pobzeb yog muab tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev nrog kev bias los ntawm 12. Rau kev teeb tsa, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua tib zoo npaj cov kabmob puag. Yuav tsum muaj mob rau cov plag tsev. Rau nws, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cim npe chipboard (OSB-3 hom), TIPPING lossis Waterproof plywood (uas yog qhov zoo dua qub ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj 20% ntawm qhov hnyav. Thaum lub ru tsev yog kev sib ntxub nyob rau hauv 11-18 thoob plaws nws thaj chaw, cov ntaub pua plag ntawm nteg nrog cov iav chilester impregnated nrog cov roj hmab ntawm cov roj hmab hluav ncab. Kev siv dej ntxiv kuj tau muab. Cov ntaub pua plag yog muab rau hauv yob nrog qhov ntev ntawm kwv yees li 15m thiab 100 cm dav. Yog hais tias inclination ntawm lub ru tsev loj dua 18, cov ntaub pua plag txuas tsuas yog nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub ru tsev thiab nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntawm cov neeg xaiv tsa rau cov kav dej thiab phab ntsa). Sab hauv nws ntawm lub ru tsev tau ua kom zoo thiab waterproof qhov thiaj li hu cov ntaub pua tsev kom zoo (nws los hauv yob 100.7 m).
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub pua plag, lub installation ntawm cov tawv mos uas yuav tsum muaj cov kev sib tw: qhov chaw nres tsheb loj, thaum kawg, pem hauv ntej thiab cornice. Yuav tsis muaj cov ntsia hlau ntxoo (galvanized los yog galvanized) thiab kua nplaum los txuas cov npoo ntawm cov vov tsev ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab cov nplaum ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov vuas mos yuav ua tau nyob ib leeg. Nws tsis tas yuav yog kev tshaj lij yuav tsum ua nruj ua raws li los ntawm cov lus qhia teeb tsa teeb tsa. Ntawm chav kawm, tus qauv Rafter yuav tsum tau raug kaw nrog cov pobzeb tawv nqaij, tab sis cov pob txha mos tsis xis nyob: yuav luag txhua qhov chaw sib dhos. Nws yog tus pheej yig dua li them 15-25% ntawm cov ntawv siv cov khoom siv nyiaj (hais, hlau nplais) ntawm cov ru tsev yooj yim. Aesley ru tsev muaj cov qauv ua tiav, cov khib nyiab yog cov khib nyiab sai. Tus nqi ntawm nteg cov nplais mos yaus los ntawm $ 5 txog $ 8 rau 1m2 (nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm lub ru tsev). Kuv tshuaj xyuas cov cuab yeej ntawm cov dej ntws- $ 6-8 nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim.
Ntawv pov thawj
Cia peb pib nrog cov li niaj zaus thiab zoo li asbestos-MAAs fiburous cov ntawv, lossis, raws li lawv feem ntau hu ua, slate. Cov nplooj zeeg ib txwm muaj ib qho loj me ntawm 1200700mm, qhov siab ntawm lub corrugated-28mm. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem yuav cov slate nruab nrab (corrugation siab 40 hli) thiab siab (51 hli) profile. Qhov loj ntawm cov ntawv txheeb raws li ntawm 1750980mm rau 25001160mm. Nyiam tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab "liab builderk) slate" tshiab ", coated phosphate xim (txog $ 4 rau ib daim ntawv 17501130mm). Sab nraud, nws yog qhov sib txawv heev los ntawm cov txheej txheem xim txho thiab muab tsev ua cov duab zoo li duab ntxiv.
Ua haujlwm nrog Slate yog qhov yooj yim heev. Thaum txhim kho lub ru tsev, nws raug nquahu kom ua ib txheej hauv ob sab phlam ntawm pergamine lossis roj hmab. Cov ntawv txheeb yog muab tso rau hauv cov phuam da dej thiab txuas nrog rau cov ntsia hlau nrog ib tus elastic gasket.
Niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem nquag hnov cov lus "erectifier". Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog hu ua cov khoom tshiab rau Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv lag luam - profiled laim laim ntaw nplooj, zoo li tus neeg tau txais kev paub rau cov neeg siv Lavxias. Muaj tseeb, daim ntawv ntawm kev sib thooj thiab yog txwv. Eurosholer yog mos thiab yog li ntawd cov khoom siv uas tso cai rau deformation lossis fiberglass fibers, uas yog impregnated nrog bitumen lossis roj hmab-polymer binders. Cov ntawv txheeb tau Bent nrog thiab thoob plaws, uas tso cai rau koj mus rau nruab txheej ntawm cov chaw nrog lub vojvoog ntawm curvature los ntawm 5m. "Eurosholer" tsis rural, tsis txhob sib hloov thiab tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tshaj plaws, suav nrog cov khoom siv daus ntev txog 300kg rau 1,m2. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev, yog li ntawd, nws tsis tas yuav muaj lub zog rafter haib thiab cov khoom txom nyem. Ntawd yog, nws yog qhov ua tau kom txuag tau ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev sib dhos thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev.
Cov vov tsev kaw lus siv "erector" suav nrog cov skaters ua los ntawm cov khoom tib yam li cov ntawv txheeb; kawg xam daim hlab; ntsia hlau nrog tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws lossis screws; endanda; Skate thiab Thorns (rau dai kom zoo nkauj lub ru tsev npoo) cov khoom; Cua ntsab kav dej.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias nyiam ib nplooj bitumen fibrous txheej ntawm lub tuam txhab Fabkis txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab Fab Kis. Tab sis muaj lwm tus neeg muag khoom: Gutta Werke nrog Aqualine Coated (Switzerland), Nuline Corporation (USA).
Onduline txheej (teev ntawm 2000950mm) yog tsim los ntawm saturating cellulose fibulose nrog distilled bitumen ntawm qhov kub thiab kub ntsuas. Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj no, kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxhia, thermotrancing cob thiab ntxhia pigments yog siv. Cov "kev sib ntaus sib tua" ntawm cov ntawv muab rau cov xim. Nqe - los ntawm $ 9 txog $ 10 ib daim ntawv. Qhov yooj yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (txiav txim3kg / m2) tso cai rau koj tso lawv rau lub ru tsev lossis kho tsev. Nws yog qhov txaus siab rau mount ib tug tshiab crate thiab nteg nws ntawm nws. Txhawm rau ua lub ru tsev ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm cov nplais txheej, onduline cov ntawv tuaj yeem txiav mus rau hauv cov bands nrog 50 cm dav thiab muab tso rau ntawm crate nyob rau hauv 30 cm ntawm lub axes.
Nuline txheej txheem yog corrugated ntawv khoom ua los ntawm cov tub ntxhais fibers ntawm cov ntoo, impregnated nrog bitumen ntawm kev kub siab thiab kub. Cov npe ntawm 20001220 hli loj nrog 35mm qhov tob ntawm thaj tsam muaj yim xim. Nuline txheej hnyav yog kwv yees li 8kg / nplooj nrog ib tuab ntawm 3mm, tus nqi ntawm ib daim ntawv yog $ 11.5. Los ntawm txoj kev, nuline cov ntawv yog ob hom, ci, nrog cov txheej Silicone, thiab matte. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov kev xaiv haum rau ntau hom qauv style.
Cov chaw tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv mos mos rau ntawm cov tawv tawv ntawm cov ntoo lim dej tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ntoo thywood, qhov tuab ntawm uas yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 12 hli. Nws tseem yuav siv cov ntaub pua plag, ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv barrrier, nteg los ntawm kev sib tshooj nrog ntau dua 51 hli (rau cov ntsia hlau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm txhua tus ntsia hlau).
Qhov "ntsiab lus" ntawm corrugated cov ntaub ntawv Bitaline yog tias lawv cov xim palette yog qhov ua tiav tom qab qee lub sijhawm tom qab teeb tsa, hauv qab ntawm lub hnub ci. Qhov no yog vim cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv cov chaw tsim khoom, raws li qhov tshwm sim uas muaj cov txheej txheem oxidation ntawm lub sijhawm ua rau lub teeb ci sib dua, thiab cov xim muaj ntau dua. Aqualine daim ntawv (qhov loj ntawm 20001060 thiab 2000950mm) muaj kev tiv thaiv 15 xyoo rau cov dej tsis muaj zog; Tiv taus cov teebmeem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob txhoj puab heev, acid los nag thiab loj heev. Tus nqi ntawm ib daim ntawv yog $ 10.5.
Ntau zaus, cov "Euroshests" yog hais tias pob tshab los yog translucent los ntawm polycarbonate, tsim los ntawm extrusion. Xws li cov nplooj ntawv tseem ceeb yog tias koj tau xeeb lub ru tsev translucent rau lub tsev cog khoom, lub vaj lossis pas dej. Cov ntaub ntawv no (lawv lub durability yog kwv yees li 50 xyoo) tau muab ob lub tuam txhab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.
Tus Qauv PVC Cov Lus Qhia Tawm, piv txwv, Cov Khoom Siv Nuline (Tuftex hom loj ntawm 2000660 hli) thiab German Salux ($ 16 ib daim ntawv 20001050 hli). Lub teeb thiab ruaj khov (kev pabcuam lub neej 10 xyoo), lawv muaj feem xyuam los tsim lub teeb lub ntsej muag, canopies nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev, sam thiaj thiab terraces thiab terraces thiab terraces. Tsis txhob nco UV hluav taws xob, racks rau kev siv hluav taws xob txhoj puab. Los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv ru tsev PVC cov ntawv nyeem, cov mystishchinsky cog "Mosstroyplastmass" tuaj yeem hu, corrugated ($ 4 / ntawv) ntawm 10542880mm.
Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb tsim los npaj cov tsev ntsuab, cov greenouses thiab lub vaj caij ntuj no. Cov no yog vov tsev coatings uas muaj tsheb teeb (ntau tshaj 80%), xws li "ONDUKLER" los ntawm Onduline thiab Valovoima los ntawm ICOPAL. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymeric tshwj xeeb lossis cov iav acrylic (cellular panels).
Hlau Ru Tsev
Vuas Yas Steel , tshwm sim hauv xix. (Ua ntej, dub, nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm cov xim muaj xim, thiab tom qab ntawd galvanized, ntau tus tiv taus corrosion), ib zaug yog hom ntawv tseem ceeb rau lub ru tsev. Galvanized steel tseem yuav tsim tawm niaj hnub no, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv txheeb ntawm 1.252.5m nrog ib tuab ntawm 0.5-1.5 hli. Qhov loj ntawm txheej yog 4.5-7 kg / m2. Cov ntaub ntawv raug pom zoo rau lub ru tsev nrog kev tsis ncaj ncees 14-20. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim cov hlau yuav tsum tau tsim nyog, lub zog zoo nkauj ntawm cov ru tsev, alas, tsis loj heev.Tooj liab Raws li cov khoom siv vov tsev nyiam ntau, ntau lub sijhawm, lub duav vov tsev yog them nrog txheej txheej ntawm patinas, uas muab tag nrho lub tsev uas muaj ua haujlwm zoo. Tooj liab plhaw suav nrog nws cov siab corrosion tsis kam, thiab yog li ntawd ua durabiless (ntau tshaj 15 xyoos, ib puag ncig ua phooj ywg, nrog rau tiav tsis muaj cov nqi ua haujlwm. Kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov txheej muaj xws li kev tsim kom muaj kev sib txuam ntawm lub ru tsev sab hauv (qhov no yog qhov siab thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab). Tooj liab hnub no tau dhau los ua pheej yig. Koj tuaj yeem yuav nws hauv yob 600-700mm dav thiab 0.6mm tuab ($ 18.4 / m2) lossis 0.8 hli ($ 24.6 / M2). Kev teeb tsa yuav raug nqi txawm tias tib yam. Tooj liab rau vov tsev, nrog rau cov fasteners thiab cov nyom cov khoom siv Lavxias teb chaws NAVY.
Tooj dawb Nyob rau hauv rooting ua hauj lwm, siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug alloy nrog tus nqi me me (0.1-0.2%) titanium thiab tooj liab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv lag luam, zinc vov zinc qee zaum hu ua "zinc-titanium". Cov tshuaj ntxiv muab cov ntaub ntawv yas rau hauv tus mob khaub thuas. Nws yog qhov haum rau cov cuab yeej ntawm cov ru tsev folding ntawm cov kev teeb tsa nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm tsawg kawg 5%. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub alloy ua rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuab raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntxiv. Cov khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov ruinc zinc yog cov nplooj ntawv zinc, cov ntawv tsim khoom ntawm nce mus txog li 50.66 thiab yob tawm dav los ntawm0.2 rau0.66 dav. Cincan ntawv tuab ntawm 0.2 mus rau 1 hli. Cov xim tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntuj thiab cov nyiaj-ci ntsa iab, txav nrog lub sij hawm rau lub teeb Noble moble mob, $ m2 / m2) lossis m2) lossis m2) zinc, $ 17.4 / m2). Qhov kev xaiv kim kim tshaj plaws yog matte grey-thee (antra zinc, $ 19 / m2).
Pobzeb hlau.
Cov pobzeb hlau hlau yog ua los ntawm kub-dip galvanized steel 0.5 hli tuab, tsawg dua 0.4 hli. Kev tsim khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom yog coated txheej txheej ntawm zinc lossis zinc alloy alloy, tom qab uas lawv muab daim ntawv ntawm ntau hom vuas vuas rau daim ntawv ntawm txias txias. Cov ntawv txheeb yog tau kho nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion, Coop txheej txheej yas (piv txwv li, cov yas plastisol), thiab los ntawm kev txo cov kua roj vanish. Qhov loj ntawm 1m2 cov pobzeb hlau-kwv yees li 5.5kg. Raws li rau cov xim muaj ntau lub tsho tiv no, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj xaiv cov xim uas xav tau. Cov nqi (tsis suav tus nqi ntau ntawm cov nqi) sib txawv ntawm $ 8 txog $ 15 / m2, tsis hais txog hom kev tsim khoom. Rau kev tso, ib qho khoom khov kho tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua, cov ntawv txheeb tau mounted nrog cov ntsia hlau nrog cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.
Cov pob zeb hlau los ntawm cov roj av profil, kami, nola proflab, ita-torich), gerard vov tsev (usa), gerard vov tsev reling accologies domstal "(Poland ) Thiab lwm tus ua rau cov ntawv txheeb xyuas thiab cov tuam ntxhab cov lag luam: "Moscow Center rau cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev", "Mos-faade", "Stanov", "Insi".
Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog qhov tuab ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Nws yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 0.5 hli. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom koj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov nplais hlau ntawm 0.4 hli tuab, uas tsuas yog haum rau mounting ntawm cov vaj tse me, cov visors thiab canopies.
Vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv galvanized? Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, tej pobzeb hlau, yog tias tsis txhob ua mechanically raug, yuav ua haujlwm ntev (txog li50 xyoo) txawm nyob hauv ib qho kev txhoj puab heev. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, thaum lub installation ntawm lub ru tsev pib, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thaj av ntawm tus txiv neej tapping thiab unders nyob rau hauv lawv, tus ntsia hlau tau tsav. Nov yog qhov uas tau zoo ntawm cov khoom raug kuaj pom. Tsuas yog pleev xim rau cov ntawv hlau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev txiav tam sim ntawd corroded, thiab cov txheej tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsoo mus txog ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv. Cov nplooj galvanized yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion, vim tias zinc ua kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kheej maj mam rhuav tshem, nws yuav "txuag" tus hlau. Qhov tsis muaj cov txheej txheem hla dhau los yog tus thawj coj ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov txheej txheem loj polymer (nws yog qhov zoo nkauj) pabcuam tsis ntau tshaj li 1-3 xyoos. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov txheej txheej polymer yog tev tawm ntawm nplooj, tom qab uas tus xeb tshwm.
Muaj ntau ntau hom kev tiv thaiv-cov txheej txheem dai kom zoo nkauj polymer: polyester, matte polyester, pural, plastisol, PVDF. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm uas koj tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm lub rooj peb nqa.
Profiling hlau nplais txiav txim siab tsis yog cov tsos ntawm lub neej tom ntej. Cov kev hloov pauv thiab cov kev xav tau rau kev teeb tsa, xws li cov kauj ruam. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog kev kos duab uas imitates cov vuas luaj uas ntuj, uas yog, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov teev lossis nyob ib sab rau lwm cov vuas.
Qhov profile tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si sib thooj (weckman thiab asymmetric (rannila). Yog li ntawd, cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom sib txawv ntawm tib lub hauv paus yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm profiling - lawv yuav pom ntawm lub ru tsev lossis tsis pom. Ntxiv mus, cov pob qij txha tsuas tuaj yeem pom ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov nplais, nug qhia cov duab kom pom dab tsi cov khoom zoo li saum lub ru tsev. Ashche zoo dua nug rau Dock 2-3 cov ntawv nrog koj.
High-profile nplooj ntawv muab lub ru tsev zoo txhav txhav, pab tiv thaiv cov daus daus ntawm cov khoom siv nyias thiab pheej yig. Tab sis yog tias cov ntawv pobzeb muaj cov ntaub ntawv qis dua, muaj kev nyab xeeb doom yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog hlau vov tsev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ntau nuances. Ua ntej, cov yas ntawm cov hlau yog txwv, thiab daim ntawv propiled tsis yog tsim rau dabtsi yog khoov. Qhov thib ob, xws li cov txheej txheem zoo li haum rau cov ru tsev ntawm daim ntawv yooj yim, nrog cov kab sib tw (tsis sib haum xeeb (tsis txhob muaj 45-60). Ntawm cov ru tsev nyuaj li 20% ntawm cov ntawv hlau tuaj yeem mus rau hauv cov khib nyiab, thiab nws tseem pheej pheej yig.
Tshwj xeeb hom hlau vuas yog cov khoom siv nrog cov ntxhia. Lawv tau tsim hauv New Zealand ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov nplais ceramic, tsawg dua qhov sib xyaw ua ke sab nraud. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tshwm sim hais tias lub tsev vaj tse kws kho vaj lug kub tsis pub koj thov cov nplais rau tej khoom, thiab koj hlawv lub siab xav kho koj lub tsev feem ntau lub ru tsev hauv thaj chaw. Tom qab ntawd nws ua rau kev nkag siab zoo rau "Elite" Ru tsev ntawm metrobond, "ondotingil los ntawm itduline thiab terraraleks los ntawm Kami.
Lub hauv paus ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yog daim ntawv galvanized. Cov tshuaj estranges los ntawm Metrotile hauv ob tog los ntawm ib txheej ntawm txhuas (qhov no yog ib qho alloy ntawm 55% aluminium, 43% zinc thiab 2% zinc thiab 2% zinc thiab 2% zinc thiab 2% sillicon). Aluminium thiab silicing thickness yog 20mk-nce kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim ntawv 4-6 lub sij hawm piv nrog cov ru tsev li niaj zaus piv rau 50 xyoo nyob rau ib puag ncig kev sib hlub. Lub 15-xyoo sau warranty yog muab rau cov khoom siv no, uas yog tsawg. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias raws li qhov sib piv ntawm "tiv thaiv corrosion thaj chaw-nqe-siab" nws yog cov hlau galvanized thiab ntshiab txhuas.
Tab sis kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov hlau tsis txwv rau. Mineral (basalt) granulate tseem siv rau sab pem hauv ntej tshaj li ntau lub hom phiaj tiav. Ua ntej, qhov saum npoo tau muaj cov xeeb ntxwv cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov vuas luaj. Thib ob, daim ntawv tsis yog li "nrov nrov", ua si los nag tawg txog lub ru tsev. Kev poob ntawm cov ntxhia pob zeb ua los ntawm huab cua cataclysms yog 1% rau 10 xyoo. Xws li lub zog ntawm kev nrawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsuag tau tiav vim tias kev siv cov khoom siv acrylic tshwj xeeb (nws tau kho kom zoo rau hauv qhov cub ua kom peb teev ntawm 400 ° C). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv tsis ntshai kev kub hnyiab, "yog ua haujlwm" thiab hauv lub bodied "thiab hauv tshav kub qus (los ntawm -120 ° C). Thib peb, ntxhia txia tiv thaiv cov organic txheej (acrylic nplaum) los ntawm kev tshwm sim qhib nplaim, txim taws, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias Kami cov ntawv txheeb nrog cov kais tsuag dej, zoo ib yam li cov khoom lag luam hlau me me: 13304104- ittrot, 135033455mm- onduline. Nrog rau "panels" ntawm xws li qhov loj me, nws yog qhov ua tau nqa tawm lub ru tsev ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw (grainbones, auditory, suav nrog curvilinear (tsis pub tsawg tshaj 1-2 m vojvas). Ntxiv mus, koj tuaj yeem txawm nyob ib leeg. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog xav tau rau cov crate. Piv txwv li, "Panels" los ntawm Metrotile tau muab teev rau ntawm 4040Mm tuav (kim waterproof plywood tsis tas yuav tsum tau). Pobzeb nws tus kheej tso siab nrog ib nthwv dej nyob sab saum toj ntawm qhov bar thiab nws qis kawg.
Ntawm lub ru tsev nrog mound. Koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv roj hmab khau, tab sis khiav nrog seem ntawm lub ru tsev, khov kho cov icicles, tsis tsim nyog. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog npaj rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov neeg tsim kev pabcuam ntawm cov neeg tsim kev pabcuam kom tsis txhob poob cov kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis. Tus nqi muag khoom ntawm sprinkled hlau nplais (thaum muas tsawg dua 150m2) yog kwv yees li $ 19 rau 1m2. Los ntawm tag nrho cov nqi, koj tuaj yeem tawm tsam tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj pleev tsis tau siv dej, txo cov ntaub pua plag, txo tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm installation (vim tias lawv tsis yog siv zog tshwj xeeb). Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv nws tus kheej, cov tuam ntxhab muaj ntau txoj kev sib tw (skates, etc.), tso cai rau tag nrho cov kev nyuaj siab ntawm ib qho style.
Cov Hom Tiv Thaiv Polymer ntawm cov ntawv hluav taws xob
| PVF2 (PVDF) | Ncauj (PU) | Polyester (PE) | Matte Polyester (PEMA) | PLASERISOL (PVC) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plaster Thickness, μm | 27. | tsib caug | 25. | 35. | 200. |
| Siab tshaj plaws kev ua haujlwm kub, nrog | Lus hauv no teb +110 | Lus hauv no teb +100 | +90. | +90. | NTUES |
| Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ua qhov kub thiab txias (Flexion), nrog | -10 | -Faenteen | 0 | 0 | +10 |
| Kuj yuav mus rau Ultraviolet hluav taws xob (ntawm 5-point nplai) | ***** | **** | **** | **** | *** |
| Kuj mus rau kev ua kom haum ib puag ncig (ntawm 5-point nplai) | ***** | **** | *** | *** | **** |
| Kuj rau cov neeg kho tshuab puas (ntawm 5-point nplai) | **** | ***** | *** | **** | ***** |
| Cov Lus Thov | Haum rau kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam (hiav txwv hiav txwv, muaj tsev, thiab lwm yam) | Universal txheej rau kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm cov huab cua huab cua | Qhov feem ntau muaj thiab universal txheej yog haum rau txhua txoj siv huab cua. | Vim tias cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab kho tshuab ruaj khov, nws khaws nws cov khoom hauv ntau qhov kev hloov kho ntawm huab cua. | Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv nyob rau hauv thaj chaw yav qab teb. Kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug |
Lub pobzeb
Tiled ru tsev ua rau lub sijhawm ntev heev, lawv muaj ntau nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia. Cov vuas uas sib deev ceramic muaj ruaj khov, nws lub neej pabcuam muaj ntau dua 100 xyoo, thiab lub ru tsev nws tus kheej zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis, xav kom tsim lub ru tsev, nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv siab tias qhov loj ntawm 1m2 txheej yog 40-70 kg thiab rau lub vaj tsev ntoo lub ru tsev xws li lub ru tsev tsis haum.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau yam ntawm cov pobzeb sib txawv (Dutch, thiab lwm yam) los ntawm kev txhawj xeeb, thiab lwm tus), Fabkis), Braas lub tuam txhab qhib hauv Lavxias muaj tus kheej cov pobzeb ntau lawm ntawm Moscow DSC-1). Cov khoom tau nthuav tawm hauv kev ua lag luam sib txawv hauv cov tsos hauv tsos, loj, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, raws li txoj kev ntawm kev tso.
Cov pob zeb niaj hnub yog ua vaj tse, lossis, raws li nws tau hu ntau zaus, cement-xuab zeb vuas. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ntawm nias thev naus laus zis. Txhawm rau muab cov xim tiled no, xim xim, xim xim (xim loj) tau qhia rau hauv nws lossis tsim cov kev kho mob saum toj. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog cov tshuaj txau ntawm cov xim xis mas muaj pes tsawg leeg; Twj ywm ua tiav, suav nrog cov kais tsuag ntawm cov xuab zeb nrog granulate; Txau ntawm cov polymer emulsion ntawm cov npoo tshiab, thiab lwm yam. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov vuas tsim tawm, Vienna, alpine (tiaj). Xum xim - liab thiab xim av. Maas-xuabas xuab zeb tsawg dua li ceramic, thiab rau tus so ntawm cov tsis muaj ze rau nws. Hneav me ntsis tsis tshua muaj ceramic, tab sis kuj tsis pom zoo kom tsim cov vaj tse vov tsev. Txhawm rau kom raug cov cement-cov pobzeb vile, peb xav tau cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb. Raws li rau tus nqi, cov pob zeb khoom yuav pheej yig dua los ntawm $ 59 / M2. Avot rau cov khoom zoo (Skate, xaus, los daus, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tau them tsawg kawg peb zaug ntxiv.
Xav thiab xaiv
Raws li txoj cai, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov tsos ntawm cov khoom siv thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, nws lub cev, cua sov engineering thiab cov cua sov. Azry. Txoj kev yuav tsum sib txawv.Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub durability cov ntaub ntawv - cov ntsuas no sib txawv los ntawm tsib (rab hlau) mus rau ib puas xyoo (tooj liab). Yog tias koj tsis tsim lub tsev teev ntuj uas muaj lub ru tsev ruaj khov, suav nrog ntau tiam los ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg, koj yuav txaus siab rau cov txheej txheem tsim rau 25 xyoo ntawm kev pabcuam.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ntawm thaum pib pib tsis yog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj yog cov nyom ntawm nws. Zoo, yog tias koj tuaj yeem npog lub ru tsev koj tus kheej, kom meej meej ua raws cov lus qhia. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, kev tso cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yuav tsum muaj kev siv rau kev siv zog ntawm pab pawg kws tshaj lij.
Nws yog tus nqi coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qee cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yuav tsum muaj cov teeb meem (asnauding, kev txaus siab) ntawm Rafter system. Piv txwv li, lub tshuab rafter rau cov vuas ntuj, nrog rau phab ntsa thiab cov hauv paus yuav tsum tau xam ntawm qhov kev thauj khoom uas tsim nyog. Qhov tshwm sim yuav ua rau cov neeg tau ntws tawm ntawm Sawn cov khoom, thiab yog li, tus nqi ntawm lub ru tsev (los ntawm 15-20%). Tus nqi ntawm cov Cheebtsam thiab cov kev sib tw tuaj yeem nce tus nqi ntawm lub ru tsev tiav los ntawm 50-100%. Yog li qhia hauv kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm 1m 2 Qhov tseeb txheej, txawm hais tias nws tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis txiav txim siab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev. Tom qab tag nrho, koj yuav tsis tawg daim hlau lossis bitumen, tab sis ib lub ru tsev puv.
Tshooj II.
Kom lub ru tsev tsis yog "quaj"
Peb mob siab rau thawj ntu ntawm peb tsab xov xwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev. Lawv siv cov teeb meem uas muaj lub ru tsev "txias". Tab sis thaum koj pib ua lub ru tsev "sov", piv txwv li, thaum nruab nrog chav nthab, kev npaj txhij txog tshwm sim rau cov qauv. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, tab sis nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Peb yuav qhia ib feem ntawm tsab xov xwm txog yuav ua li cas kom zam lawv.Vim li cas "quaj" ru tsev?
Cov txheej txheem qub qub qub, lossis, raws li nws tseem hu ua, lub vov tsev "ncuav qab zib" zoo li no (suav nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev. Cov khub yaiab ntawm cov chav, uas lawv tau tsim txom, los ntawm txheej txheej ua tiav, uas yog cov moisturizing, ua yeeb yam ua kom muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, noo noo tsim hws sab hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev lossis dhau los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib khub, thiab tom qab ntawd "poob mus rau hauv lub chaw thiab ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Dropaste nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa. Nrog qib siab ntawm cov av noo hauv lub tsev, tus naj npawb ntawm condensate shearding ntawm lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa muaj peev xwm tsim kev txhoj puab uas lub ru tsev ntws.
Los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov sov xws li "PIE" Saves tsis tseem ceeb rau cov tshav puam ua kom kub, tom qab ntawd nws txav mus rau cov qauv kev txhawb nqa thiab sab hauv tsev. Cov txheej txheem cua sov nqa tawm maj mam (cov rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog hu ua "cua sov"), tab sis tsis tu ncua.
Dab tsi ntawm roofing "pie" tsis muaj qhov flaws?
Ventilated txhais tau tias tsis yog "quaj" ru tsev
Kawm lub ru tsev "Pie" yog ib qho tsim tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum thiab tswj kom kub hauv lub caij ntuj sov (tshav kub los tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm cov dej Los ntawm chav tsev los ntawm chav tsev thiab dhau los ntawm nws cov tuab thiab thim cov "Nauli" khub ntawm ya raws, tseem poob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev. Ib qho ntxiv, qee kis, "PIE" yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm txhua lub vapors. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov vov tsev no yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas yog insulated, tab sis yuav tsum muaj cua. Raws li tag nrho, tus qauv tsim no zoo ib yam li tus tsim ntawm daim ntawv ntoo ua kom sov uas tau hais los ntawm peb hauv cov ntawv xov xwm yav dhau los yog: Cov khoom siv noo noo) los ntawm: noo noo insulating khoom siv - ib lossis ob Lub qhov khoob kaw rau saum cov khoom siv vov tsev.Lub ru tsev cua muaj qee qhov zoo. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, nws tsis yog cia li txuag cua sov, tab sis - vim yog li ntawd nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sov (muaj qhov cua tsis zoo ntawm lawv), - tiv thaiv qhov tsim ntawm Ib qho dej khov ntawm kev tawm ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub ru tsev thiab tiv thaiv cov tshwm sim ntawm thiaj li hu ua "rov qab" dej. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, xws li lub ru tsev cawm xws li lub ru tsev los ntawm cua sov, cua sov, nqa tawm ntawm cov pas dej ua cua sov, thiab noo noo coj tawm ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev.
Feem ntau, cov kev sib tham hauv cov xovxwm ntawm lub ru tsev cua sov nrog cov npe yooj yim ntawm cov txiaj ntsig yooj yim. Cov ntaub ntawv systemic yog kev coj noj coj ua. Tsis muaj xov xwm yuav ua li cas rau hauv lub siab xav tau lub ru tsev cua hauv kev muaj tiag. Tom ntej no, peb yuav sim sau qhov sib txawv no, uas peb xav txog cov qauv vov tsev "khoom qab zib" thiab kev txiav txim ntawm lawv cov tsim.
Pib qhov twg?
Kauj ruam ib. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab twg ntawm cov hom vov vov vov tsev uas twb muaj lawm yuav raug siv. Cov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb heev thiab lub luag haujlwm, vim nws nyob ntawm cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv dej thiab cov qauv ntawm lub crate. Hloov cov kev daws teeb meem no yam tsis tau rhuav tshem cov ntaub pua plag uas underpotted tsis zoo li kom ua tiav.
Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev, nrog rau ntawm cov cua thiab daus ntawm thaj tsam li 50kg / m2 ntawm lub ru tsev), cov ntawv hla ntawm lub rafter (lossis qhov chaw ntawm cov rafter rafter uas twb muaj lawm Ntawm cov load tiag tiag tau soj ntsuam), lawv cov kauj ruam, thiab tib lub sijhawm tsim qauv ntawm CRATE thiab nws cov kauj ruam. Dab tsi rau? Yog tias, piv txwv li, koj tau xaiv txoj kev qiv nyiaj (kev qiv nyiaj ntau dua) cov nplais, thiab lub ru tsev Rafter, tom qab ntawd los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tseem ceeb, yog qhov kev nco qab ntawm lub eeb, yog tias Txhua qhov ploj mus.
Kauj ruam thib ob. Peb xaiv cov khoom siv dej tsis muaj dej uas yuav nruab nyob hauv qab cov vov tsev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, xav txog cov ntaub ntawv tso dej tsis muaj dej thiab lawv cov khoom sib xyaw nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev.
SuperDiffen membranes. Cov av noo noo cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb heev rau cov vov tsev: ib nkawm dej los ntawm lawv dhau, thiab cov dej nws tus kheej tsis yog. Ntxiv mus, lub vapor permeability yog lub siab ntau (lawv tau hu ua SuperDiffusion) tuaj yeem ntsia tau kom ze rau lub rwb thaiv tsev, tsis muaj qhov chaw dim pa. Nyob rau hauv peb lub lag luam, xws li cov khoom lag luam yog nthuav tawm feem ntau los ntawm dupont (Switzerland) - mis nyuj ntawm koom pheej (Czech koom pheej) - Uantek, uas tau piav qhia meej nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem yav dhau los. Ob daim tw yog kim heev - kwv yees li $ 1 / m2. SuperDiffen membranes tsis pom zoo kom siv tau rau hauv ib khub nrog cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, sab nraum qab ntawm uas tsis yog tsim rau kev sib tw ua haujlwm lossis ntev nrog noo noo. Ntawd yog, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov nplais hlau yuav tsis haum rau qhov no (los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag nrog cov txheej txheem txhuas, piv txwv li metrobond) thiab laim ntoom hau me me ("erector"). Wwv nrog ceramic, cement-xuab zeb thiab bituminous vuas, tsis ntshai ntawm cov dej noo ntawm kev coj, tus kheej supdiffus tsis muaj teeb meem.
Ib lub superdiffusen membrane yog tsau siv cov khoom ua kom haum, cov khoom tsim nyog tau mounted (theem ntawm cov khoom sib dhos yuav txiav txim siab qhov ntau ntawm cov cua sib pauv). Daim ntawv xaiv membrane npog dawb rau cov rwb thaiv tsev rau cov pa ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab cov khoom siv vov tsev, los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv raug tshem tawm los ntawm huab cua txaus.
Lub installation ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias cov qauv rakiv yog tau siv, piv txwv li lub tsev uas twb muaj lawm) thiab nws tseem tsis tau hloov nws (lossis ua haujlwm) Cov. Txij li thaum lub rwb thaiv tsev txheej tsis tuaj yeem tsawg dua 100mm (txwv tsis pub nws ua kom muaj kev thaiv kom zoo nkauj?), Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tsuas yog yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev tsim ntawm Rafter tsim los ntawm ib qho bar ntawm 150150mm tso cai rau koj muab nruab nrab ntawm rafters txheej ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov tuab. Nws tseem zoo dua yog tias lub sijhawm yog siv los ntawm kev hla hla ntawm 100200mm lossis rafters tau qhab nia los ntawm cov laug cam ntawm cov laug cam ntawm 50200mm. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav muaj qhov chaw txaus los tsim cov cua daj cua dub (pom zoo tus nqi, 50-70 hli). Nws muaj rau koj siv cov khoom siv noo noo insulating ntau dua tus ncej superdifferianes. Lawv yog ob hom: diffusion thiab anti-condensate.
Diffusion waterproofing membranes. Cov haujlwm ntawm cov membranes yog yuav luag zoo ib yam li superdiffusion, - kom sai li sai tau tso dej khub rau hauv ventilated ntxig. Cov qauv ntawm tib cov ntaub ntawv diffusion yog xws li tias lawv tsuas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv muaj ob lub ventilated me ntsis - qis thiab sab saud. Qhov tseeb, cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog tias lwm yam tshaj polyethylene cov yeeb yaj kiab, hauv cov canvas uas cov qhov me me uas tau xuas rab koob. Yog hais tias rwb thaiv tsev yog nruj heev nias xws li zaj duab xis, lub qhov yuav tsuas thaiv thiab zaj duab xis yuav nres hla dej ua ke.
Diffusion waterproofing nyias, nrog rau superDiffus, tsuas yog siv tau hauv cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, sab nraum qab ntawm uas tsis ntshai ntawm kev ya raws. Nov yog ceramic, cement-xuab zeb, bituminous vuas thiab metrobond hlau nplais. Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm diffusion waterproofing mis ua lag luam nyob rau hauv peb lub lag luam - Juta (Czech koom pheej) thiab ELTETE (FINLAND).
Anti-condensate waterproofing zaj duab xis. Lawv yog countertilers thiab tau tsim los ua haujlwm hauv ib khub nrog cov vov tsev uas muaj kev sib tw thiab cov tawv ncauj nyias tsis tuaj yeem sib raug zoo, uas yog, nrog hlau nplais thiab "erectifier". Sab nraum qab ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab (ib sab ntsib cov rwb thaiv tsev) muaj qhov txawv txav "tsis sib thooj". Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej rau kev nqis tes ua ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no tseem muaj ntawm ob lub tshuab cua hauv av - qis thiab sab saud. Nyob rau hauv cov kev mob tshwm sim, noo noo extinguishing los ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev yog condensed nyob rau hauv qis dua ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem yog 4-8 zaug ntau dua li nws tus kheej qhov hnyav). Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej noo zoo, huab cua yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov cua qis. Sab nraum qab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yog tag nrho tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej noo thiab yog tas li ventilated vim yog cov huab cua sab saud. Anti-condensate rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub lag luam as franms yog Jutak koom nrog (Czech koom pheej) - Jutakon thiab Ellastek ntxiv thiab elkatek ntxiv.
Thaum tsim cov qauv siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv dej tsis huv thiab diffusion cov khoom siv dej, them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub rwb thaiv tsev, thiab dab tsi rau cov khoom vov tsev. Lub sijhawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, nws tsim nyog tsis meej pem, thiab peb tuaj yeem xav tias polyethylene li phau ntawv qhia.
Kev siv cov yeeb yaj kiab los tiv thaiv tau zoo thiab los ntawm ib qho kev xav, lawv pab txuas ntxiv cov nplais ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tsis ntev dhau 10-12 xyoo. Cov yeeb yaj kiab los tiv thaiv thiab muaj qhov hloov pauv tas li ntawm qhov qis dua yuav nthuav dav lub neej ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv txheej txheem. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov hlau sib tw tas li txheej txheem thiab txhua xyoo los sib dhos "), tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov kev pabcuam lub neej tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm 1.5 -2 zaug. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws yuav tsum tau cog lus hauv siab tias "kev tswj hwm" tsuas yog cov tsho nplaum ntawd yog polyester thiab poos. Plastisol "Premise" yuav tsis tiav.
Ruam peb. Peb nqa tawm qhov siab qhov siab ntawm rafted (saib kauj ruam ua ntej) nrog cov tuab ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev txheej tso rau hauv qhov project. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov, peb ua tiav cov kev suav ua ntej ntawm cov txheej no, raws li nws yog, peb kuj tau qhia hauv qhov teeb meem yav dhau los.
Cov kauj ruam no yog tsim nyog thiaj li kuaj xyuas dua yog tias qhov siab ntawm cov lus xaiv xaiv tau txaus. Piv txwv li, yog tias siv cov basalal rwb thaiv tsev, nws yuav zoo yog tias nws cov thickness zoo yuav tsum yog 12-13 cm (thiab yuav ua tau, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau, thiab ua haujlwm. Cov Aphed txhais tau tias rau nws txoj kev tso lub rafter system, ua nrog kev siv ntawm lub tsev rafter ntawm feem ntau cov tsev teb chaws feem ntau, nws yuav tsis haum rau cov tuab ntawm rafter. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tau ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb kom muaj kev lees paub (100mm) tuab ntawm txheej ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, thiab qhov no tsis xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov me me ntawm cov rafters tuaj yeem "rub" daim ntawv thov hauv SuperDiffus, raws li qhia cov kev txwv tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov vov tsev. Nrog qhov yuav tsum tau thickness ntawm rwb thaiv tsev txheej (15cm), nws yuav tsis txaus thiab qhov bar ntawm 150150mm tsis txaus los npaj qhov chaw ntsuas cua qis. Muaj tseeb, qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem daws los ntawm kev ntim ib qho 5050mm bar (lossis nws yuav tsum tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo (ib qho kev sib raug zoo uas tuav lub ntsej muag noo noo yuav ntim Tshaj li ntawm lub bar, thiab yog twb doom.
Yuav siv dab tsi rwb thaiv tsev? Raws li feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, - muaj cov vapor siab permeability, uas yog, kev ywj pheej dhau ib nkawm dej los ntawm lawv cov strata. Qhov peev xwm no kom ua kom tiav cov khoom siv roj hmab me me. Cov ntoo rafter ntoo, ua tsaug rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev los hla cov khub, yuav muaj peev xwm "ua pa ntawm qhov uas nws yuav tau tuav nws cov khoom ncaj ncees thiab cov khoom lag luam. Qhov ntau ntawm cov ntxhia plaub rwb thaiv tsev hauv niaj hnub no kev ua lag luam Lavxias yog qhov dav, muaj qee yam uas yog hu ua, rau txhua tus saj thiab hnab nyiaj.
Kauj ruam thib plaub. Tom qab kev teeb tsa (peb xav tias nws tsis tsim nyog los piav txog cov txheej txheem no kom meej, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov duab zaj duab xis, lub hom phiaj ntawm uas yog kom cais cov dej hauv chav. Lub parobaric txheej, nyob rau hauv lem, yog kaw nrog cov khoom ua tiav.
Hais txog cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim ntawm lub parolmer muaj los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom zoo li Tegola (LTAY), MULEY (Czech koom pheej), thiab cov hau kev ntawm lawv cov teebmeem, peb kuj tau qhia meej hauv qhov teeb meem yav dhau los, Yog li peb yuav ua rau tam sim no tsuas yog tsuas yog ntxiv ntxiv rau tau hais.
Tus nqi ntawm Parobac tau txo yog tias siv es tsis siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb vapor rwb thaiv tsev tshwj xeeb. Muaj tseeb, nws yog impregnated los ntawm bitumen, lub teeb tsw ntxhiab tsw ntawm uas yuav muaj kev xav hauv chav. Tab sis qhov no yog cov khoom siv pheej yig tshaj (P-300- 114 rubles. Rau yob 20m2). Muaj lwm qhov pheej yig kev xaiv-txhawb nqa polyethylene, siv dav rau cov tsev cog khoom ntaus ntawv. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias nws tsis yog tsim los ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Yog tias koj nyob hauv lub tsev tas li thiab nws yeej tsis nyob Nonetet, nws yog qhov ua tau los thov cov yeeb yaj kiab txhawb nqa. Yog tias lub tsev siv tau siv sijhawm, nws tsis tsim nyog ua qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv tshwj xeeb vapor rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv lossis pergamine uas txias tsis ntshai.
Kev siv cov fillers nrog daim iav "daim iav" txheej ntawm cov hlau txau (piv txwv li, albar los ntawm Tegola thiab cov zoo li) pab ntxiv tuav cov cua sov hauv chav. Tab sis ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev txheej thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tawm ntawm huab cua tshem tawm txog 2 cm, uas ua rau muaj qee yam thiab nce tus qauv.
Lub Koom Haum ntawm Huab Cua Flow hauv Ventilated khoob
Ntawm chav kawm, thwj sau vov tsev "ncuav qab zib" tsis yog txhua txhua. Txhawm rau tsim cov cua uas tsim nyog, koj yuav tsum muab huab cua muaj peev xwm ua hauv Volkanal. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov qhov tshwj xeeb yog sab laug hauv qhov qis ntawm cov eaves, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab thiab cov noog nrog ib daim phiaj me me ntawm cov hlau stainless. Skates kuj tau ua los ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb - ventilated. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo li no, cov kiv cua tshwj xeeb yog siv los sib txuas lus sab sauv thiab qis dua ventilated khoob nrog cov cua.Thaum ib daim ntawv laim ntoom (nws yog xim hlau) yog siv los ua cov vaj tse vov tsev, cov lus nug ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lawv tus kheej, txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv laim ntaum yog "Ca" Skate. Hauv qhov no, nws tseem nyob kom ntseeg tau tias huab cua laj kab thiab nws tso tawm tsuas yog rau cov cua qis dua. Qhov no yog ua tiav hauv cov qauv piav saum toj no.
Anti-consensate Films
| Cim (chaw ruaj, lub teb chaws) | Elkatek ntxiv (ELTETE, Finland) | Elkatek ntxiv l (Eltete, Finland) | Jutakon (Juta, Czech koom pheej) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kev piav txog | 80% -polymer ntaub thiab 20%-usustensondensensensate ab nqus cov khoom siv los ntawm viscose fiber ntau | 80% -polymer ntaub thiab 20%-usustensondensensensate ab nqus cov khoom siv los ntawm viscose fiber ntau | Plaub-txheej ultravioletosoy-brow (12 hlis) polyporylene npuag, rau ib sab uas noo noo nqus cov khoom siv txuas tau txuas nrog (viscose) |
| Muaj peev xwm tuav dej,% rau ntawm cov koog. Cov ntsiab lus. Eve | 680. | 680. | . |
| Lub zog tensile, KGF / CM2, tsis yog tsawg dua | 860/780 | 553/423. | 800/600 |
| Qhov hnyav, G / M2 | 140. | 135. | 130-140. |
| Thickness, hli. | 0.20 | 0.19. | * |
| Yob loj (shd), m | 1,346. | 1,540. | 1,350 |
| Dov nqe, $ | 46. | 40. | 56. |
* -temo tsis qhia meej
Tus kws kho ntawv kho ua tsaug rau lub tuam txhab "roj av", "Metrotil-Rs", "JETAIR CENTER" rau kev pab hauv kev npaj cov khoom siv.