Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag: cov kev xav tau rau cov qhov rooj niaj hnub, cov yam ntxwv sab hauv ntawm qee cov tuam ntxhab ntawm qee cov tuam ntxhab, cov nqi.
Tus qauv tsim ntawm cov ncej thiab lub thawv ntawm cov qhov rooj ua los ntawm cov yeeb nkab sib dhos (qauv "tuav tsawg kawg"):
1. Mounting Ua Npuas Ncauj
2. Kev tsim kho ntawm kev tsim
3. Tsev fuabtais
4. Anti-tshem cov pob khawm kev tiv thaiv
5. Lub suab sab hauv thiab suab insulator
6. Sab nraum zoov tiv thaiv
7. Sab Nraum tiav
8. Cov pwm tiv thaiv
9. Loop
10. Sab hauv Hardness Ntsiab
11. Profiles rau kho lub xauv
Veneered Ntoo Massif Panels
Ntxiv nrog rau lub tsev fuabtais, ib lub qhov rooj tsis txwv tsis pub siv lub valve
Kho cov faadeade ntawm lub tsev- thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub qhov rooj
Kev ua lag luam ntawm cov qhov rooj nkag pib pib tsim kho thaum ntxov 90s - thaum ntxov 90s, thaum cov lus nug kev nyab xeeb hauv "kev sib cais" lub tsev nyob yog qhov hnyav. Niaj hnub no, kev tsim cov khoom lag luam no tau koom nrog ob lub tuam txhab loj muag txog 300-hnub khoom ntim ib hlis thiab cov duab me. Thiab tus nqi ntawm cov xwm txheej sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm $ 100 txog $ 1500 thiab saum toj no
Peb sau cov kev xav tau yooj yim uas cov rooj nkag niaj hnub no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa:
- lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv lub chaw nyob ntawm kev tso cai tsis tau tso cai;
- lub peev xwm tiv thaiv huab cua tsis zoo thiab ua raws li cov qauv suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev, uas yog, yog "txuas ntxiv ntawm phab ntsa";
- zoo nkauj zoo nkauj; Kev yooj yim thiab kev ntseeg tau siv.
Lub ntsiab GOST, raws li uas hnub no yog daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm tsev neeg nkag cov qhov rooj, - R 51072-97, nws yog hu ua "kev tiv thaiv cov qhov rooj. General kev uas yuav tsum tau thiab cov hau kev soj ntsuam kuj yuav hacking thiab pooletness." Cov qauv no siv rau tshiab tsim, hloov kho cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khoom lag luam txawv teb. Qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub qhov rooj kom tawg yog txiav txim los ntawm kev sim, siv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, hluav taws xob, ua kom sov, faib ua hom thiab chav kawm. Kev kuaj, cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab cov duab kos ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau cov qauv xaiv tau. Kuaj rau ntawm cov Rhiav txiav txim siab lub sijhawm uas lub qhov rooj yog ib nrab lossis qhib tag thaum siv qee yam cuab yeej. Tom ntej no, lub sijhawm ntsuas yuav khoo los ntawm cov khoom siv siab tshaj plaws los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau ntxiv rau cov khoom no. Qhov tshwm sim yog tus nqi ntawm kev tiv taus rau nyiag nkas thiab lub qhov rooj muab cov chav kawm tsim nyog ntawm kev ruaj khov.
Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 90s nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe, tsis muaj cov ntawv pov thawj (qauv) ntawm lub qhov rooj tiv thaiv, tab sis xyoo 1999. Rau qee lub tebchaws, nws tau tsim. Cov qauv tshiab uas koom ua ke Italian, Austrian, German thiab Dutch thiab Dutch tus qauv tau hu ua kev xo 1627-1630 thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev quab yuam los ntawm 2000. Lub intercomptomication nrog lawv nqa tawm 3Wide qhov rooj kuaj, thiab lub qhov rooj lawv tus kheej tau muab faib ua 6 tus qhua thiab cov cuab yeej thiab xeem ntawv ib ntus). Ntxiv rau cov zauv sau, cov chav kawm tseem muaj ib tus tsiaj ntawv (A, B, C, D, E). Thiab thawj chav ntawm tsab ntawv tsis tau muab, vim nws yog hais txog cov qhov rooj sab hauv sab hauv nrog lub xauv sab hauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub dag zog rau tsaws. Cov chav kawm tau muab rau cov khoom lag luam rau cov tsev txhab nyiaj txhab nyiaj. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv tshiab yog lub npe nrov italian txheem uni9569, uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1989.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm GOST R 51072-97
Lub qhov rooj tiv thaiv yog tus tiv taus lub pob tw nyiag nrog ntawm lub qhov rooj thav duab thiab daim ntaub web-tsau. Lub chaw nce toj yog tsau rau hauv ib lub thawv uas siv lub thawv xauv lossis lub tshuab ntsuas phoo uas sib haum rau cov khoom siv sib xws rau lub qhov rooj zoo sib xws rau lub qhov rooj khw (raws li GOST R 50862).Lub tshuab zais lub tshuab yog ib pawg ntawm txhua cov khoom siv xauv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (bollards, cas), muab xauv cov qhov rooj.
Hacking lub qhov rooj, tsom rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub qhov rooj lossis cov qauv ntawm nws cov qauv kom tau txais ib feem lossis ua tiav mus rau thaj chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm nws.
Kuj muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm lub qhov rooj kom tiv taus cov hacking, qhia nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm secycle yam ntxwv ntawm EU.
Kev nkag mus ib feem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nyiag nyiag los ntawm cov zaj ntawm cov qauv sib tw nruj ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv hauv lub qhov.
Kev nkag mus rau tag nrho, thiab tshem lub qhov rooj, qhib lub qhov rooj mus rau ib qhov dav ntawm tsawg kawg 300 hli.
Nws yog ib qho yuav tsum tau hais txog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tau hais los ntawm Western cov qauv tsis tau sib txuam nrog cov Lavxias vim qhov sib txawv hauv txoj kev xeem.
Niaj hnub no, muaj pes tsawg tus tuam txhab hauv tsev thiab cov neeg lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws muaj nqis los ntawm lawv cov khoom, txawm tias qhov no yog qhov nqi ntawm cov qauv ntawm ntau hom ntawm ntau hom). Qhov tseeb yog tias yuav tsum muaj ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov qhov rooj nkag tsis xav tau txoj kev cai lij choj, nws siv yog nyob ntawm siab yeem. Ntau tus neeg muag khoom, hais txog cov ntawv pov thawj rau cov khoom lag luam uas tau nkag siab cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm nws tus kheej (kev ua ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Avted Universal daim ntawv pov thawj yuav cia txhua tus neeg yuav khoom yooj yim navigated ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv Is Taws Nem, tsuas yog nyob ntawm lub teeb tsa qhov ntev, cov chav kawm khoom, tsim qauv, thiab tus nyiam.
Ntxiv rau cov qhua, ntawm lub qhov rooj ua ib feem ntawm cov qauv kev tsim qauv ntawm lub tsev, cov qauv kev ua tsev thiab cov cai faib tawm (qis dua). Feem ntau, thaj chaw yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus 2m2. Ion, zoo li ib phab ntsa, yuav tsum tiv thaiv chav nyob ntawm qhov txias, suab nrov thiab cov ntawv sau. Kev nqus tau muaj cov kev tswj hwm ntawm cov suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev, ua pa thiab thermal conductivity, uas yuav tsum tau yuav los ntawm cov qhov rooj uas yuav los ntawm cov qhov rooj.
Rau cov chav tsev nkag rooj qhov rooj nkag, huab cua permeability yog muab tus nqi ntawm gnn (kg / (m2h)) thiab tsis pub tshaj 1.5. Lub rwb thaiv tsev invertion ntawm lub suab cua tsis tuaj yeem tsawg dua 30 dB. Cov ntsuas no yuav tsum tau sau cia rau hauv daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws cai ntawm lub qhov rooj muag, yog tias muaj ntawv pov thawj. Raws li rau cov cua sov hloov tsis kam, nws tus nqi txhais tau tias yog tus nqi sib npaug rau 0.6 los ntawm phab ntsa tsis kam ntsuas uas lub qhov rooj nruab nrog.
Lub zoo ntawm cov tsos ntawm lub qhov rooj, kev nplij siab ntawm kev siv yog cov kev txwv ntawm cov ncauj lus thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj kev tswj hwm. Qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub xauv thiab lub qhov rooj nws tus kheej tau pom ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lossis, raws li kev xaiv, hauv txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom.
Niaj hnub no, feem coob ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom Lavxias tau tsom rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qhov rooj hlau thiab, ntawm qhov tsawg kawg, nrog ob lub tsev fuabtais. Yog tias koj txiav txim rau ntawm kev ua lag luam Moscow, ntxiv rau cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev, ib nrab ntawm Tebchaws Europe tau saib xyuas peb kev nyab xeeb. Ntau tus neeg muag khoom cam uas lawv tau ntev muab tsis yog import lub qhov rooj, tab sis yoog cov peculiarities ntawm peb huab cua thiab lub peev xwm kev ua txhaum ntawm peb "beliwmen" thiab "tsev".
Raws li qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo, Lavxias cov khoom lag luam sib txawv me me los ntawm txawv teb chaws - cov fittings, fittings siv, cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no rau kev tsim sab nraum zoov thiab sab hauv. Ntxiv mus, muaj "imported" lub qhov rooj ntawm Lavxias los ua ke (wb hais, qee cov qauv ntawm cov pob mul-t-xauv). Cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev yog tsim, raws li txoj cai, nyob hauv ib tus neeg qhov ntev ntawm kev qhib. Lavxias lub qhov rooj feem ntau yog heavier imported. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no yog vim kev siv cov ntawv tuab hlau tuab hauv cov qauv tsim (raws li txoj cai, cov qib, cov qhab nia qauv yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv). Cov khoom lag luam Lavxias cov tuam ntxhab yog txaus nyiam ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm sab nraum zoov, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam tsim qauv, tsim qauv thiab thev naus laus zis.
Ntau hom kev ua kom zoo nkauj tsim ntawm cov rooj nkag nkag
| Hom Kev Tsim Kho Hniav | Qab hau | tsis zoo |
|---|---|---|
| Cov hmoov pleev xim rau ntawm cov ntawv hlau sab nraud lossis txheej ntawm nws cov thib ob zaj duab xis | Kev lag luam, tiv taus rau atmospheric | Tsis txaus lub suab rwb thaiv tsev; Rau cov kev ua kom nruj ntawm cov nplaim thiab xim txuas ntxiv yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv sab nraum zoov nrog cov tuab ntawm tsawg kawg 2.5mm |
| Du phaj mdf, laminated yas | Cov ris tsho tiv thaiv thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev, loj xaiv cov xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos, huab cua tsis kam | Cov kab ke tsis tseem ceeb (cov kauj ruam tom ntej tom qab lub rooj upholdsically ntawm cov tawv nqaij-daim tawv nqaij nrog khawm) |
| MDF Phaj Nrog Cnc Tshuab Ntawm Cnc Machine, Laminated PVC Zaj Duab Xis | Kev nthuav qhia pom, hnav zoo thiab rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev, kev xaiv loj ntawm cov qauv kev ntxhib los mos thiab milling qauv, huab cua tsis kam | Nqe yog 30-40% siab dua thaum coating du mdf yas panels |
| MDF nrog milling ntawm cnc tshuab pleev xim los ntawm Enamels | HEEV heev thiab nplua nuj xaiv, kev xaiv loj, muaj cov duab kos thiab xim, suav nrog cov xim tsev xim tsev, rwb thaiv tsev siab | Tus nqi yog 50-100% siab dua thaum coating du MDF yas Panels |
| Tus MDF phaj, Veneer Veneer nrog Milling Muching Hauv Cnc Machine | Pom tau, lub suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo | Cov tsos yog muaj zog heev los ntawm qhov tseeb tias MDF qauv yog pom hauv Rentins ntawm milling |
| MDF filleled panels, Veneer Veneer | Kev xaiv loj ntawm cov qauv kev daws teeb meem; Sab hauv vaj huam sib txuas ntawm lub rooj nkag nkag tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv kev ua tiav tag nrog cov rooj sib npaug; Lub suab zoo rwb thaiv tsev | Tsis muaj kev lav tawm rau huab cua tsis kam; Nqe Ib Vaj Huam Sib Luag- $ 200-300 |
| Pilented panels los ntawm 100% array ntawm cov ntoo muaj txiaj ntsig | Pom tau pom, xaiv cov kev daws teeb meem loj; Lub suab zoo rwb thaiv tsev | Tus nqi siab (vaj huam sib luag los ntawm ib qho array ntawm Oak - $ 250-600); Cov ntoo ntoo yog "cov khoom siv nyob ntev", thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav muab kev lees cai uas yav tom ntej lub vaj huam sib luag yuav tsis tawg (tshwj xeeb yog tom qab hnub kawg rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub qhov rooj) |
Lub Qhov Rooj Anatomy
Raws li thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob, txhua qhov rooj tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg loj:- Nrog lub thawv thiab thav duab, ua los ntawm bent lossis cold rolled profile (tag nrho cov qhov rooj ntshuam thiab ib co Lavxias).
- Nrog lub thawv thiab thav duab los ntawm cov yeeb nkab txheem.
- Hauv cov qauv tsim ntawm cov uas siv thiab nkhaus (lossis txias-dov) profile, thiab lub raj kab sib dhos.
Cov duab profile txiav txim siab lub rigidity thiab ruaj khov ntawm tus tsim. Qhov loj tshaj plaws rigidity tau "kaw" profiles. Piv txwv li, feem ntau cov ntaub qhwv profile, ntau tawv, ob txoj hlua khi ua ke, uas yog lub ces kaum; Ob lub fab ua ke muab cov yeeb nkab sib dhos (ATO yog twb tau kaw cov ntaub ntawv kaw), uas ntxiv rau cov tsis kam tiv thaiv. Qhov ntau dua cov duab geometric ntawm qhov profile hla, cov ntu kaw ntau dua, muaj zog dua thiab muaj zog thiab ua los ntawm nws. Txo cov hardness profile rigidity rau xauv (abacks ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab hauv lub thawv). Hu rau qhov loj me ntawm qhov profile seem yuav tsum tau pom meej meej vim tias rau qee qhov ntsuas phoo, cov tuab tuab ntawm lub qhov rooj canvase yog xav tau. Kev siv bent lossis txias-rolled profiles tso cai qhov rooj vaj khoom yooj yim, nrog me me ntawm cov ntsiab lus vuam. Nws txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Ntawm lub cev tiav ntawm lub qhov rooj nrog ib lossis ntawm ob sab, nplooj ntawv ntawm cov khoom yog welded. Hauv kev sib tw zoo, ntau dua thev naus laus zis siv: lub qhov rooj yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv txias-dov rau kom lub zog hluav taws xob thiab lub qhov rooj vaj huam sib luag tsim ib qho tag nrho (los ntawm txoj kev, feem ntau Txawv teb chaws manufacturters yog nyob ntawm txoj kev no). Lub zog hluav taws xob yog txhawb los ntawm Rigidity Ribs thiab yog sau nrog cov khoom siv kub-ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov (ntxhia plaub tsiaj lossis cov pob zeb ua plaub hau). Lub Xylovoy thav duab yog welded ib lub thawv lossis daim hlau tiv thaiv lub tsev fuabtais (ntawm no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog kev siv cov hlau sib dhos). Tus muab tub lim khoom ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov suab thiab cov tshuaj kho cua sov. Minvata thiab foamed polyurethane yuav tsum tau fireproof (tsis suav nrog kev xaiv cov tshuaj lom rau 800c nrog cua sov).
Locks - lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub qhov rooj, nyob rau theem ntawm lawv cov kev xav thiab tsis kam mus tawg los ntawm 90% nyob ntawm nws qhov inviolability. Cov ntsuas phoo uas muab cov xauv ntxiv vim yog cov roj Riggers Riggers tiv thaiv los ntawm kev kaw thiab tawg. Rigels yuav tsum tau tsiv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus yuam sij kiag li. Tawm-ntawm-hearted hais thiab cov thoob khib nyiab yog tsis tsim nyog rau Raglel. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo txhim kho kev nyab xeeb. Incatalogs ntawm Italian cov neeg tsim khoom, lawv tau tseem ceeb hauv ib pawg "nyab xeeb". Feem ntau, lub Castles - cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, yog li peb yuav qhia txog lawv hauv lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm chav no.
Lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem nrog ib lossis ob qho kev xaiv (qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog ob daim ntawv tshaj tawm), nws yog qhov tsim nyog tau sib txuas nrog kev tiv thaiv hlau hluav taws xob (xav tau pins cia siab). Koj tuaj yeem dai qhov rooj rau ob lossis ntau lub voj. Kev teeb tsa ntau dua ob lub loops yog dictated los ntawm kev xav tau ntawm kev xav tau ntawm lub khw muag khoom siv (raws li cov neeg sawv cev tsim nyog tau tsiv dua li cov neeg ua lag luam nce qib siab dua "). Ib qho ntxiv, cov koomhaum txhua lub koom haum coj tus nqi ntau tshaj rau kev ntxiv ko taw thib peb. Lub kauj tuaj yeem muaj cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv, yuav kho tau lossis tsis muaj kev txwv.
Yuav kom tawm tsam cov suab nrov thiab cua ntsawj qab, damping shopping thauj khoom thaum kaw, qhov rooj yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj raws li cov contour. Nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm qhib, kev xaiv ntawm lub qhov rooj cankase hauv lub thawv yog xaiv: "Flush" nrog lub thawv lossis "ntswj". Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws yog mounted "vansel" (hauv kev tsim qauv), kev sib npaug hauv tsev nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim. Nws yog qhov nyuaj qhib lub qhov rooj, ua "yaug".
Los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm lub qhov rooj thav duab thiab lub thawv, ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lub teeb tsa ntawm kev sib sau ua ke yog nyob ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom koj xaiv los ua haujlwm ntev thiab muaj teeb meem pub dawb. Lub thawv yuav muaj lub kaw thiab qhib (P-puab). Yog li keeb kwm nws tau tshwm sim hais tias tom kawg yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov qhov rooj txawv contacle. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub qhov rooj ntawm cov tuam ntxhab txawv teb chaws, lub thawv feem ntau muaj. Nrog xws li tus qauv tsim, lub zog hluav taws xob (teeb tsa) thaib yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev qhib, thiab tom qab ntawd thiaj hu ua falsecorob twb tau txuas rau nws. Cov tshuaj no tso cai rau koj kom raug lub thawv thiab kho qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rooj nws tus kheej hauv kev qhib. Tab sis qhov no nyob hauv no: lub thawv thav duab nws tus kheej ceases ua ib qho qauv nruj.
Lub ntsej muag ntsej muag thiab sab hauv ntawm lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem tsim qauv sib txawv, los ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam feem ntau yog nyob ntawm.
Hniav Panels los ntawm Pleev xim MDF Panels thiab ib qho ntawm Oak Moscow ntau lawm los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm kev tsim khoom yog zoo kawg nkaus tsim nyog ntseeg siab. Capnels tau them nrog veneer ntawm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kev ntseeg siab tsawg dua, vim tias nws yog qhov ua tau los ntawm treastrely, raws li txheej txheem qub "hlau". MDF vaj huam sib luag contacted ntau lawm ntau lawm kim dua Lavxias 3-4 zaug.
Lavxias teb chaws Lavxias teb chaws
Loj zuj zus kev sib tw ua rau peb cov tuam ntxhab Tsis tu ncua txhim kho cov cuab yeej tsim tsim, nrhiav "lawv" cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom lag luam tshiab txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam rau kev ua lag luam. Yog li, yuav ua li cas thiab tus chij ntau heev ntawm "qhov rooj"?
Yog tias yuav luag txhua cov khoom lag luam yog txheej txheem monotypes, tom qab ntawd Lavxias cov tuam ntxhab tsim cov rooj ntawm peb pawg (raws li cov ntawv thov peb).
Muaj cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev daws teeb meem txawv txawv muaj. Piv txwv li, St. Prom "muaj qhov rooj tsis muaj kev tso cai ib txwm muaj thauj tog rau hauv lub nkoj (avan-Gard Trading Mark). Hloov chaw ntawm lawv, thaum tsim ib qho profile ntawm cov khoom siv khoov, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam tau ua thoob plaws qhov rooj cankase. Tau teb cov zawj yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub thawv rooj. Hluav taws-resistant qhov rooj ntawm cov hom no muaj lwm tus naj npawb ntawm cov nta: ua ntej, thoob plaws puag ncig ntawm cov canvas, daim kab xev thermal "(russia) yog nteg; Thib ob, sab hauv ntawm lub qhov rooj lub qhov rooj yog sau nrog tshav kub insulating phaj ntawm con lit-150 lossis rocwool (Denmark). Lub thermal daim kab xev yog daig ntawm 100 ° C thiab tag nrho cov pa oxygen nkag mus rau hauv chav tsev, tsis tas muab cov nplaim taws. Tib lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus muaj cov qauv sib txuas ua qauv. Tus nqi ntawm lub qhov rooj no los txog $ 1,300. Qhov kev thov tshwj xeeb rau cov qhov rooj muaj ob-seem tau pom nyob hauv St. Petersburg, uas muaj ntau lub tsev laus nrog kev qhib dav dav. Sab nraud, St. Petersburg cov qauv yog yooj yim lees paub - lawv cov panels feem ntau nqa tawm hauv cov style ntawm cov tseem ua ntej rov tawm tsam, sijhawm.
Ntawm Moscow kev lag luam ntau ntau ntawm lub qhov rooj los ntawm lub tuam txhab "Gardian" (Yoshkar-OLA). Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv ntws, li no tus nqi qis nqe ($ 280). Cov qauv muaj cov qauv muaj plaub tus qauv me me thiab ib nrab. Tus neeg muag khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub tuam txhab no yog "muaj zog txiv ntseej" - pib nquag txhawb lub qhov rooj ntawm nws tus kheej kev tsim khoom. Nco ntsoov cov lus tshaj tawm "lub qhov rooj ntawm lub npe menyuam yaus" BEAST "? Qhov no yog cov txiv ntoo uas tsis muaj zog". Qhov no tsis muaj qee yam hloov pauv. Ua ntej, hauv Tus tsim qauv ntawm lub thawv profile, ib qho ntxiv tau ua hauv kev tsim ntawm lub thawv. Thib ob, hloov kho lub pob taws "yog siv thiab hluav taws xob. Qhov thib peb, Lub tuam txhab mus rau hauv ib tus qauv lag luam.
Voj "barph" siv tsuas yog "muaj zog txiv ntoo". Nrog cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no ntawm Lavxias cov neeg tsim khoom, thaum ntau tau ua "ntawm lub hauv caug", cov loops no tso cai rau koj kom du tawm cov welds mus rau qhov rooj thiab rau lub thawv. Tus tsim ntawm lub voj yog tshwj xeeb thiab patented nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Cov khoom lag luam "xyoob ntoo" muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau ntau heev loads tsis muaj kev tawm tsam, tsis muaj kev sib txuas, tsis txhob xav tau lubrication. Cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm "muaj zog txiv ntseej" mus txawm ntxiv: lawv tau mus ntxiv: lawv tau hla dhau ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub qhov rooj lub qhov rooj thiab qis dua, "so rau hauv pem teb". Yog li, qhov hnyav ntawm lub qhov rooj yog pauv mus rau hauv pem teb, lub neej ntawm lub voj nce.
Lub qhov rooj ntawm kev mus ncig khw "Legion" los ntawm DUET kev pabcuam kuj yog ib qho khoom siv pib ntawm cov khoom lag luam, tab sis twb tau cov khoom lag luam txawv teb. Lub tuam txhab, raws li kev muag khoom txheeb cais, tuaj txog rau qhov kev nkag siab tias lub qhov rooj ntshuam, tab sis "ntawm cov nqi Lavxias," yuav muaj ntau yam ntxiv uas yuav los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom. Yog li tau pib ua tiav cov khoom lag luam zoo heev ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov hom no.
Tus Qauv "Poj Niam Hlau" yog txawv los ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv tshiab ntawm lub qhov rooj thav duab thiab cov ncej ncej. Qhov rooj lub thawv thiab qhib lub dav hlau muaj cov npoo-puab tshem tawm. Nrog rau cov av zoo sib xws hauv kev qhib, lub qhov rooj tau ntxiv tiv thaiv los ntawm kev zom thiab tawg rau ntawm phab ntsa uas tsis muaj zog.
Ntawm keeb kwm ntawm qhov qub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia, lub tuam txhab qhov rooj "Sesam" tuaj yeem raug txiav los ntawm kev txhim kho kev yuav khoom tau 15 xyoo dhau los. Thawj patent rau kev tsim cov qhov rooj lub tuam txhab tau txais thaum xyoo 1987, B1991. Fastened ib tug patent rau casles ntawm nws tus kheej ntau lawm. Kev siv cov xauv hlau txawv tau pib txij xyoo 1992, thiab cov teeb tsa ntawm xov tooj cua-tswj xov tooj cua tau ua nrov niaj hnub no xwb. Ib lub qhov rooj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub qhov rooj "sesame" yog kev siv lub voj zais ntawm lub ntsiab cai ntawm kev siv tsheb, lawv pom tsuas yog thaum qhib. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv hauv chav kawm yooj yim ($ 265) nrog cov tawv tawv ntawm 2 hli nrog rau sab hauv thiab ob lub qhov rooj Lavxias thiab tus nqi siab qib. Muaj cov 3-line hom qhov rooj thaiv uas txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim ntawm oxo thiab loops. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov qauv tshiab ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag mus "siv" xauv thiab thaiv cov tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob (nrog rau cov xov tooj cua hauv xov tooj cua) ntawm cov tuam txhab Italian Atra. Ntawm feem ntau ntawm lawv cov khoom "sesame" teeb tsa Italian Atra Locks, uas muaj qhov yooj yim-rhiab ntawm kev zais ntshis. Tus tswv tuaj yeem hloov nws thaum poob cov yuam sij, tsis tas rov nruab lub xauv thiab yam uas tsis muaj kev tawm dag lub qhov rooj.
Qhov rooj ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev
| Trademark | Tus tsim | Saib ntawm sab tav | Nta thiab Khoom Siv | Castles rau kev teeb tsa tsawg kawg nkaus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Avan-Gard" | "Prom" (St. Petersburg) | Nkhaus | Anti-tshem tau cov hluav taws xob sib txuas, tuaj yeem muab rau hauv lub qhov cub nce, ob sab, cov vaj huam sib luag hauv St. Petersburg style, cov khoom siv tsawg heev, nqe- los ntawm $ 450 | MCM (Spain), Kale (Qaib Cov Txwv) |
| "Kab-steel qhov rooj" | "Cov qhov rooj-Steel" (Moscow) | Bent + Trumpet | Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua ke thev naus laus zis, tus kheej tsim cov mdf panels, cov qauv niaj hnub no, cov qauv sib txawv, cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm "tus nqi zoo" | CISA (Ltalis) |
| "Neckirrel" | "Bel-Ka Steel Qhov Rooj"(Moscow) | Rab raj | Muaj ntawv pov thawj raws li IV chav kawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm nyiag nkas thiab II-III chav tsev, 16 hli ntxiv banlings), vaj huam sib luag ntxiv mounting | CISA. |
| "Gardianp5" (Qaib ntxhw) | "Gardian" (Yoshkar-OLA) | Nkhaus | Cov Ntawv Zoo Tshaj Plaws P5, Hlau 2Mm ntawm ob sab, tsim Network ntawm cov tswv lag luam uas muab txuas ntxiv pob, tus nqi - los ntawm $ 400 C ntsia thawv | CISA, Mottura (Ltalis), Kale |
| "Tus Poj Niam Hlau" | "Clestalsek" (Noginsk) | Khaub thuas-dov | Fundamentally tshiab tsim lub thawv ntawv tshiab, "Fatty" - lub thickness ntawm lub qhov rooj lub qhov rooj tsis muaj panels li 46, qhov hnyav "tawv ntoo", tus nqi yog los ntawm $ 650 | CISA, Mottura. |
| "Sugmie" | "Sugmie" (Moscow) | Gnutosvary | Analogue ntawm Profile ntawm P5 los ntawm "Gardian", tab sis nrog ntau dua ruaj ntseg, steel ntawm ob sab, voj "ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub qhov rooj | CISA. |
| "Legion" | "Duet Service" (Moscow) | Khaub thuas-dov | Kev ua tau zoo, Lavxias Analogue ntawm cov qauv txawv teb, hlau 1.8-3mm ntawm ob sab, tus lej ntab ob zaug, tus nqi- $ 370-700 nrog kev teeb tsa | CISA. |
| "Noobame" | "Noobame" (Moscow) | Rab raj | Hlau 1.5-2.5mm, muab ob npaug rau lub cim, MDF daim hlau nrog ntuj los yog laminate, painting, nqe ntawm $ 265, tab sis feem ntau $ 500-800 | Atra (Ltalis) |
| "Sonex" | Noj mov (Moscow) | Trumpet, Bent, Bent + Yeeb | Tsawg Carbon Hlau 1.5-4mm lossis ib tug neeg ua tsov rog 4-6.5mm, nqaij nyuj ob chav, txhua qhov tiav (nqe- los ntawm $ 400, feem ntau $ 400-800 | Motura, Cisa, Kale, Mul-T-Xauv |
Neeg txawv teb chaws-Lavxias teb chaws
Gerda lub qhov rooj (United Kingdom-Poland) yog tsim nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Poland. Lub Gerda qauv muaj ntau muaj 4 lub qhov rooj, 3 ntawm uas muag hauv Russia. Ib qho tshwj xeeb feature ntawm cov khoom no yog kev siv molecular (diffusion) vuam thiab kev siv cov tog raj kheej nrog 4,294,296 cov kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb). Keeb kwm, Gerda cov qhov rooj pib los ntawm Israeli cov qauv uas tau muag tau zoo ua tiav hauv Central Europe txij thaum kawg ntawm 80s. Lawv cov yeeb yaj kiab, zoo li txhua lub qhov rooj nkag los ntawm cov neeg Ixayees, yog lub npov uas dai rau hauv kev qhib. ITO txawm tias muaj qhov tseeb tias txhua sab ntawm lub thawv txuas nrog phab ntsa hauv 8-12 cov ntsiab lus rau kev qiv nyiaj yuav tsev lossis anchors.
Cov qhov rooj Israeli ntawm cov hom ntawm Mul-t-Xauv, super-xauv muaj feem tau tsim los kom haum rau qhov siab ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm kev qhib (siab rau 7cm) , thiab sib txawv nrog ib tug me me (nws yog li 70kg). Qauv Mul-t-xauv thiab super-xauv yog tsim zoo sib xws. Cov rooj ntawm cov ntaub thiab sib dhos ntawm cov qhov rooj mul-t-xauv tau tsim nyob hauv Zelenograd. Muaj 9-puag cov qauv uas muaj chav kawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv mus nyiag nkas otib. Magen lub qhov rooj yog tsim nyob rau hauv tsib tus qauv, tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov pab pawg xauv thiab qhov loj ntawm cov canvas.
"Italians" tau nthuav tawm nrog peb cov tuam txhab ua gardesa, tus tswv, Minerva, Torterollo thiab lwm tus. Cia peb pib nrog tus tswv, rau hauv cov hom no muaj feem xyuam rau qee cov pej xeem ntawm AK-47 thiab Zeus qauv. AK-47 Cov tsiaj ntawv luv sawv cev tsis tsim nyog, nws tau paub txog ntau yam uas yog qhov zoo, txhim khu kev qha tsis siv neeg. Tab sis nws hloov tawm tias nws tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv lub qhov rooj ntawm AK-47! Nws hnyav 450kg, los ntawm kev thov, nws tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov loj me ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm tus qhua tuaj noj mov thiab yuav raug nqi rau nws (ntxig) ntawm $ 4,000. Zeus tuaj yeem tiv thaiv rab hmuv tsis huv, tsaus ntuj thiab ultrasound. Lub qhov rooj no yooj yim dua thiab ua kom zoo sib xws rau AK-47. Pib Nqe- $ 2500. Rau cov so, tsawg heev heev cov neeg muas zaub tau muab los ntawm cov qhov rooj ntawm cov zoo ua tiav nrog cov veneer sab nraud ntawm Oak Veneer (baseline).
GARDESA cov khoom lag luam yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov khoom siv nruj. Kem, zoo li cov qhov rooj Italian feem ntau, sib xyaw. Hauv kev ua lag luam Lavxias, cov qauv no muaj nyob hauv kev qhib version.
Nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm pheej yig Italian qauv, lub qhov rooj los ntawm Port Union (Delta Series) yog txaus nyiam heev. Rau qhov kev teeb tsa yam tsawg kawg nkaus, panels ua los ntawm laminated MDF muaj. Cov kauj vab yog kho tau rau peb lub axes. Sab hauv cov canvase muaj cov tsis yog-ua npuas ncauj polyurethane ua npuas. Cov qhov rooj no muab ib tsib-xyoo lav. Lo lus ua tiav yog 6days.
Minerva hom qhov rooj hnyav kom txog 120kg. Cov qauv los ntawm Minerva tau muaj nrog sab nraum zoov panels them nrog oak veneer lossis Tangiac txiv ntoo. Nruab nrog lub thawv tsis txaus, uas txuas nrog qhib hauv yim cov ntsiab lus. Lub thawv npog nrog cov hmoov av dub. Txhawm rau kom koj yuav ua lub qhov rooj nrog sab nraum qab cov ntoo ntsuab.
Ua tiav cov npe ntawm "Hlau Italians hauv Russia" Torterolo. Kev Tsim qauv, cov qhov rooj no zoo ib yam li Gardesa, tab sis muaj cov qauv nrog cov lus qhia ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag tau tsim los ntawm Baaptist Pininpharin. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom dai nrog pininfarin panels tuaj yeem yog $ 3500-6500.
Muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub lag luam thiab cov rooj ua si Mev (piv txwv, Arevi Hom). Nyob rau hauv dav dav, ob qho tib si zoo, zoo cov khoom lag luam.
Thiab los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, tsis tsuas yog brandy thiab pluab lub tsho muaj kev coj mus rau peb, tab sis kuj tamtos lub qhov rooj. Qauv - 10, qhov ntev- 60, kev tiv thaiv chav kawm - III. ITO, nrog rau cov qauv tsim qauv nruj classic. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus xa khoom reacts zoo xav tau. Muaj cov rooj ua ke ntawm cov hom no yog ntau zoo ib yam li Spanish Artevi.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Cov Qhov Rooj Ntse
| Trademark | Ua Tebchaws | Nqe, $ | Nta thiab Khoom Siv | Castles rau kev teeb tsa tsawg kawg nkaus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerda. | United Kingdom-Poland. | Los ntawm810 | Motichannel Lock-12rigels - Sau npe - pvc zaj duab xis thiab laminated HDF panels, thawv tuab - 1,5mm, 4-kab lub thawv, kho loops | Titan. |
| Mul-t-xauv, super-xauv | Ixayees | Los ntawm 495. | Kev Nyab Xeeb Kas fes ntsuas phoo nrog Retractable Riglels, qhib Unditer, Laminated MDF vaj huam sib luag - 1.5mm, ntxig rau, txhaws, txhaws, txhaws, sau lub thawv qhob | Mul-t-xauv, super-xauv |
| Magen. | Ixayees | Txij li 510. | Kev Ruaj Ntseg Kev Ruaj Ntseg Nrog Kev Ruaj Ntseg nrog Rigels Regretable, Qhib Limiterin, Ntawv Thickness, 1,5mm, Ntxig, Sau lub thawv qhob | Magen. |
| Gardesa. | Ltalis | Los ntawm 920. | Kev Nyab Xeeb Kas fes Xauv, ntxiv Rigel, Guillotine, Steel Los xij 1.2-1.8mm ntawm ob sab, kho lub loops, lub thawv tsim qauv Panels | Nucleo, Mottura (Ltalis) |
| Tus tswv | Ltalis | Los ntawm 795. | Suwald Tsev fuabtais, ntxiv cov ris tsho ntxiv, cov ntawv xaiv steels 1.8mm ntawm ob sab, luam ntawv, kho cov loops, lub thawv P-puab | CISA (Ltalis) Mottura |
| Koom haum | Ltalis | Los ntawm 595. | Kev Nyab Xeeb Cable Castle, Ntxiv Rigels Kev Nyab Xeeb, Guillotine, Cov Log Steel Los Ntawm Cov Loged Sab Nraum, Kho Kom Zoo, Qhib Kev Tsim Kho, Valve | CISA. |
| Minerva. | Ltalis | Los ntawm 1150. | Kev Nyab Xeeb Kas fes ntsuas phoo, cov ntaub pua av ntxiv, cov ntaub pua av thib 2 hli ntawm ob tog, velervesed txiv ntoo (2 замака, bronorob thiab armor layout, kaw lub thawv | Mottura. |
| Torterolo. | Ltalis | Los ntawm 875. | Kev Nyab Xeeb Cable Tsev fuabtais, ntxiv cov ris tsho ntxiv, cov ntawv xaiv steels 1.8mm ntawm ob sab, 3 qauv kab, 3 qauv kab, luam ntawv, luam ntawv, P-Box | Nucleo. |
| Artevi. | Spain | Los ntawm 850. | Ob lub xauv (ib qho kev nyab xeeb), cov riglels ntxiv, guillotine), qhib untess), qhib unders, hauv ib qho kev teeb tsa yam tsawg kawg nkaus - hlau txheej nrog Laminate | CISA. |
| Plawjio. | Tim Nkij teb chaws | Los ntawm 980. | Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ruaj Ntseg, ntxiv Rigel, Guillotine, Qhib Limiter, Pawg Ciav, Hlau Los xij 2mm ntawm Ob Sab | CISA. |
Iav thiab ntoo
Qhov rooj hlau, tau kawg, lub ntsiab version ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm peb lub tsev, tab sis tseem tsis yog ib qho xwb. Kev ua lag luam muaj cov kev xaiv rau cov qhov rooj nkag ntawm ntoo, iav.Lub Hoobkas Finnish Alavus tsim cov qhov rooj nrog lub thawv ntoo sib xyaw, ib nplooj ntoo hluav taws xob, ib 5-6-millimeter phab ntsa-txiav cov qhov cub. Hniav tsim qauv yog ua los ntawm cov xim av mdf phaj, ntoo veneer lossis zuam, them nrog roj. Txhawm rau nce tus tub sab hauv lub ntsej muag pom kev, daim ntawv txhuas tig mus rau ntawm 0.5 hli, thiab hauv lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj, yog embossed aluminium profile. Tom qab kev txhim kho lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem hloov kho ob qho tib si hauv qhov siab thiab hauv qhov dav nrog cov thauj tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob. Alavus Hoobkas muaj cov qauv qauv nrog thawj mosaiic tsim los ntawm iav pob. Sab hauv iav-pob tshab xaiv, sab nraud tsis muaj zog. Qhov rooj muag nrog lub tsev fuabtais Abloy yam tsis muaj tus yuam sij thiab cov kab menyuam, uas tus neeg yuav khoom yuav sib nrug sib cais. Sab nraud hom thiab tus sawv cev. Cov khoom no tau muab khoom siv, raws li txoj cai, kom los ntawm phau ntawv teev npe ntawm lub tuam txhab (ntau tshaj 40 qauv). Tus nqi ntawm lub qhov rooj yog los ntawm $ 385 (xaiv).
Nyob rau hauv Moscow kev lag luam muaj cov rooj glazed ntawm ob hom italian hom: panto thiab Albertin. Thawj yog ib lub tsev me ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag nrog cov iav tiv thaiv bladed lattice. Lub iav qhib rau ntawm tib lub ntsiab cai yog lub qhov rais. Siv ntoo, kho nrog "Amber zib ntab". Txhua tus qauv muaj nws lub npe: "Abaco", "Nady", "nroog" thiab lwm tus. Lub qhov rooj yog tsim ntawm kev thov thiab tsuas yog nyob hauv tus kheej loj ntawm kev qhib. Nqe - $ 3000-6000. Albertin-qauv ntau ntawm cov rooj nkag nkag rau lub tsev nyob hauv Oak ntoo, Meranti. Cov nqi ntau - los ntawm $ 1000 rau $ 3000.
Los ntawm Lavxias cov tuam ntxhab, Kuv xav hais txog Bel-Ka thiab "lub ntiaj teb tshiab". Lawv muab Oak lub qhov rooj nrog glazed thiab kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub wrought wrought.
Rau peb lub teb chaws, ib lub ntsej muag nkag glazing nkag yog ib yam dab tsi los ntawm kev tawm ntawm qhov txawv txav. Ib lub qhov rooj txawv txawv ntau yog iav kiag li. Kev tsim muaj ntawm lub tsev ua kev kho kom haum rau cov tswv yim ib txwm hais txog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Pom tseeb, kev tsim khoom thiab muag khoom ntawm lub qhov rooj iav puv nkaus ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam-resistant lossis cov tsev ua rog tsis raug hnav. Tej yam no tau muab tso rau kev txiav txim. Piv txwv li, tus tswv Italian tau paub rau peb muaj lub qhov rooj los ntawm cell (pob tshab lossis matte) rau $ 2500 nrog lub sijhawm ntev rau 3 lub hlis. Cov qhov rooj German los ntawm nws niam lub khob tempered iav tau siv nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab. Ntau hom kev daws teeb meem hauv cov qauv tsim ntawm lub web tso cai, yuav tso cai rau koj kom pom kev ua ke ntawm cov qauv tsim ntawm sab hauv thiab lub qhov rooj.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev tsim cov qhov rooj yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv hla tebchaws lom zem thiab daim ntawv pov thawj kev huv. Cov rooj uas muaj ntawv pov thawj feem ntau muab rau sab hauv los ntawm kev khij cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: Cov cim lag luam thiab (lossis) lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam engprise; Hom (qauv) thiab cov lej khoom lag luam; xyoo ntawm kev tso tawm; Cov chav kawm ntawm tawg tsis kam (cov khoom lag luam uas muaj kev ntsuam xyuas tau los ntawm cov khoom tawg tuaj yeem sau npe los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov chav boiler, piv txwv P-1).
Dab tsi yuav nug tus muag khoom
Tus neeg muag khoom yog thawj thiab feem ntau tus neeg uas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv uas koj tau nce. Los ntawm dab tsi muag khoom nws yog, qhov muaj peev xwm yuav nws tus kheej yog nyob ntawm ib feem ntau. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog, qee zaum coj cov teg num rau koj tus kheej. Txiav txim siab nrog tus nqi tau txais tus nqi, xav txog cov kev xaiv tau rau koj rau kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv ntawm lub qhov rooj. Tshawb nrhiav los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom dab tsi uas cov neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv cov rooj sib tham tau yooj yim cov neeg muaj peev xwm yooj yim siv cov yuam sij. Muaj dab tsi yuav ua thaum tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub xauv, qhov twg thiab leej twg tuaj yeem hu. Tsis txhob hnov qab kom meej meej cov koob tsheej muaj koob tsheej tau nruab ntawm lub xauv. Feem ntau cov muag khoom tau hu ua tus nqi ntawm lub qhov rooj tsis muaj kev teeb tsa. Yuav ib qho khoom lag luam txawv teb, tsim kom meej rau qhov ntev ntawm koj qhib. Tshawb nrhiav seb lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem nthuav nws yog tias tsim nyog. Los ntawm kev yuav lub qhov rooj nkag rau lub tsev nyob hauv lub tsev, muab daim hlau sab nraud, cov phiaj av me me yuav coj lawv cov av noo sai sai.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom paub meej tias hom vuam lub thawv thiab lub qhov rooj thav duab tau ua (tsis siv neeg lossis nruab nrab tsis siv neeg) yog nyiam. Qhia kom meej cov hom ntawm cov siv hlau. Lub qhov rooj nkag - cov khoom tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, yog li tus muag khoom yuav tsum paub txhua yam ntawm lub xauv, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tub lim rau sab hauv, qib ntawm nws Kev tsim txom, cov nplaim hluav taws, thermal conductivity, tus nqi ntawm cov suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev insulation invertory, thiab chav kawm ntawm hack tsis kam.
Txhua yam no yuav pab koj xaiv qhov yog thiab thaum kawg txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab xis nyob hauv koj lub tsev. Ua tau zoo rau koj kav khw!
Chav Kawm Ruaj Ntseg Rau Hacking (Gost R 51072-97)
| Cov Chav Kawm Ntev | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tiv taus tus nqi, EU | |
|---|---|---|
| Ib nrab nkag | Kev nkag mus tag nrho | |
| I. | peb caug | tsib caug |
| Ii. | tsib caug | 80. |
| I | 80. | 120. |
| IV | 120. | 180. |
Cov qhov rooj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nruab nrog classic thiab c xauv khoom siv thiab muab cov kev zais ntshis ntawm kev xauv lub qhov rooj.
Tiv thaiv kev xav (GOST R 51072-97)
| Chav kawm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ntaus ntawv | Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb | Tus naj npawb ntawm cov cai sib xyaw |
|---|---|---|
| A. | 25000. | 80000. |
| B. | 100000. | 100000. |
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom xauv xauv nrog rau hauv lub tshuab xauv, nyob ntawm chav kawm ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub qhov rooj, yuav tsum tsis muaj tsawg kawg hauv lub rooj.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv xauv (GOST R 51072-97)
| Chav Tsev Kawm Ruaj Ncaws | Tus naj npawb ntawm Locking khoom siv | |
|---|---|---|
| Chav Kawm A. | Chav Kawm B. | |
| I. | ib | 0 |
| Ii. | ib | 0 |
| I | 0 | ib |
| IV | 0 | 2. |
Yog tias muaj kev tiv thaiv phom phom yog kev pom zoo, lub qhov rooj yuav tsum ua raws li chav nyob tshwj xeeb.
Qhov Rooj Cov Chav Kawm (GOST R 51072-97)
| Nce Chav Kawm | Hom riam phom | Calib cov mos txwv, hli | Pib nrawm, M / s | MISX, G | Hom cov mos txwv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-1. | Pistolepm | cuaj | 305-325. | 5.9 | Plhaub, nrog tus tub ntxhais hlau |
| P-2 | Rab phom | 7,62. | 410-445 | 5.5 | Plhaub, nrog tus tub ntxhais hlau |
| P-3. | Autax | 7,62. | 705-725 | 7.9 | Plhaub, nrog hlau thermopower Core |
| P-4. | Sniper phom svd | 7,62. | 815-840 | 9.6 | Plhaub, nrog hlau thermopower Core |
Kev ntsuam xyuas rau kev txaj muag thiab kev tiv thaiv kom tawg nrog kev siv cov khoom tawg yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov qhua tuaj noj mov. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau raug coj mus kuaj ntawm II-IV cov qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv mus rau nyiag nkas.
Cov kws khoosts ua tsaug lub tuam txhab "cov qhov rooj-steel lub qhov rooj", "Duet-service", "muaj zog icak" rau kev pab hauv kev npaj khoom siv.