Los ntawm txhais tes masonry fireplaces. Ntaus ntawv thiab faib tawm, kev teeb tsa, Khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tshuab raj tsev kom sov thiab cladding, Masonry Technology.
Kob Qhov cub, tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv rau cov khoom siv phab ntsa
Qhov cub nrog cov vuas ntev dua txuag kom kub
Cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm lub qhov cub siv:
A - Pa pa luam yeeb;
b - Cov txee qhov cub hluav taws;
hauv - Portal;
r - sov Chamber;
d - nplooj nplooj teeb;
E - Drovnitsa
Nyob rau sab hauv sim ua kom muaj me nyuam rau tsim cov AR-Deco era, qhov cub muaj ib daim Laconic, nruj daim foos
Lub portal loj heev coj tus ntsuj plig ntawm Medieval Castles rau lub tsev niaj hnub no. Tab sis soak xws li lub qhov cub yuav tsum ceev faj kom tsis txhob tua chav
Cov Portals Niaj Hnub No Niaj Hnub No Muaj cov ntawv fantasy heev
Parade qhov cub rau chav nyob sab hauv hauv Colonial style
Qhov hluav taws kub siab-tech
Yuav ua li cas ntawm cov plaub fab folding ib femispherical fiber - zais cia ntawm tus tswv
Qhov cub yog ib qho zoo tso mus rau lub cuab yeej ntawm plag tsev thiab qab nthab qauv
Transverse kev txiav ntawm qhov cub nrog ntau cov duab ntawm cov pa roj raws li cov khoom noj. Lawv cov ntsiab lus thiab ntau thiab tsawg thiab tsim cov lus zais tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ua haujlwm: 
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, los ntawm 80 rau 90% ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws txiv tsev uas xav tau lossis twb muaj lub qhov cub hauv lawv lub tsev. Qhov siab dua ntawm qhov thrust no mus rau "resellers ntawm yav dhau los" feem ntau yuav muaj los ntawm tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cua sov. Qhov cub hluav taws yog feem ntau yog lub cim ntawm lub neej, kev ruaj khov, kev nplij siab hauv tsev. Yog tias koj thov, nws xav txog qhov ayicorean kom ze rau lub neej txhua hnub.
Hmo ntuj tau siv nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw qhib hluav taws kub hauv lub whimsical cheem ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob yog yooj yim, tab sis muaj kev zoo siab yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib lub qhov cub ua tau zoo yog qhov ua kom zoo nkauj ua yeeb yaj kiab, qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau thaj chaw nrog kev nyab xeeb nyoos). Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws thiab qhov cub hauv cov tsev loj hlob txhua hnub.
Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, qhov hluav taws xob ntaus ntawv yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab "maj mam", xav tau cov lej muaj tseeb thiab kev siv scrreamicate. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, "tsom rau hluav taws" tuaj yeem tig mus ua ib qho kev sib tw tsis sib xws thiab qaug zog cua sov. Thaum kawg, hluav taws, zoo li lwm cov chaw ntawm qhib cov nplaim taws, yog hluav taws kub muaj kev phom sij thiab kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem xa cov teeb meem loj rau lawv cov tswv. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias koj txiav txim siab tau lub qhov cub, cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog nws cov kev teeb tsa, koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj siab tshaj plaws.
Ntaus ntawv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov hluav taws
Txhua qhov cub muaj peb ntu: rab phom, Portal thiab chimney. Furnaces tau txawv los ntawm cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob. Lub npe tso tawm hluav taws yog qhib, dav, tab sis ntiav. Qhov no yog hom niche ua los ntawm cov khoom siv refractory (cib, pob zeb, hlau). Vim nws cov qauv tsim, cov hluav taws kub muaj peev xwm ua kom sov chav tsuas yog nrog lub zog hluav taws xob tsim khoom siv thaum cov txheej txheem combustion txheej txheem ntawm cov roj. Tsuas yog muab tso, lawv muab kub tsuas yog thaum hluav taws kub hnyiab hauv lawv. Lawv tsis tas yuav ua kom sov lawv cov corps loj heev, uas yog qhov chaw ua kom sov, tab sis lawv txias sai. Feem ntau, qhov cub hluav taws tsis cuam tshuam txog cov khoom siv cua kub heev: lawv txoj kev ua tau zoo yog 10-25% (kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob thermal muab rau hauv chav, mus rau lub zog uas tuaj yeem tau txais nrog tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov roj). Rau kev sib piv: kev ua tau zoo ntawm niaj hnub cua sov sov nce mus txog 70%, kev ua tau zoo ntawm Lavxias yog 20-30%.Txhawm rau nce cov cua sov hloov ntawm lub cuab yeej, sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub cub hluav taws yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm zoo. Rau qhov no, lawv tau ua kom du thiab txawm tias muaj peev xwm, thiab qee zaum peb yog kab nrog tooj daj lossis cov hlau nplaum stainless hlau. Kev ntsuas hluav taws kub cov kws tshawb fawb sab phab ntsa ntawm cov cua sov ntawm cov cub tawg yog ua los ntawm phab ntsa tom qab. Hauv qhov no, cua sov yog xav txog hauv chav tsis yog los ntawm lub nraub qaum, tab sis kuj tseem los ntawm cov duab phab ntsa, thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej nce los ntawm 7-10%. Ib qho qhib hluav taws xob yog nteg tawm ntawm tus du refractory cib nrog qhov dav ntawm 5-6mm. Lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa yog ib nrab ntawm polkirpich.
Nyob rau sab qaum ib feem ntawm cov cub hluav taws xob, pa roj av feem ntau yog tsim ("hniav"). Nws txwv tsis pub muaj qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub txim taws los ntawm cov yeeb nkab, tiv thaiv lub cub tawg los ntawm cov pa taws ntawm chav tsev thiab cov pa hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ua rau cov pa hluav taws, thiab tseem txhim kho txoj saw hlau thaum inciting taws. Cov roj uas tau pib yog qhov chaw uas cov kua zaub tau hais daws, yog li lub tais tais tais tuaj yeem ntsia tau ntawm no. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ntau tus qauv tsim "hniav" tsis muaj thiab lub cub tawg tau txuas nrog lub Chim Channey ntawm cov channel inclination (qee zaum muaj geometry). Feem ntau, txhua daim firewall muaj nws cov lus zais. Ib qho yooj yim (qis dua ntawm qhov cub) yog qhov tob tob rau kev sau cov tshauv- raug thawb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau tsis meej pem ua haujlwm ua ib qho chaw ntxiv ntawm cov huab cua muab rau lub cub tawg (kev nyiam hluav taws xob nrog lub tshuab hluav taws kaw).
Cov Lus Qhia Snipa 2.04.05-91 * "Cua sov, qhov cua thiab cua txias" pom zoo "pom zoo nyob rau xyoo 1997.
Nqe 3.84. Tsim qauv tsim tsev yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv:
a) hauv pem teb los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ua ke thiab cov khoom nyuaj raws li lub qhov rooj metering - ib daim ntawv hlau ntawm 700500mm, nyob nws sab ntev los ntawm lub cub tawg;
b) Phab ntsa lossis faib tawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib txuas ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 25 hli tuab ntawm ib qib ntawm 250 hli saum toj no sab saum toj ntawm lub kauj.
Nqe 3.86. Hauv pem teb los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas hauv cov duab hluav taws xob, suav nrog cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv Asbestos nrog rau hauv qab ntawm cov cua sov yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 100 hli.
Txhua tus qauv ntawm cov hluav taws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: nrog qhib thiab kaw lub thawv hluav taws. Kaw cov furnaces yog cov koob yees duab tau nruab nrog ib lub qhov rooj nqaij quartz iav uas tiv thaiv cua sov rau 800c. Cov qhov rooj qhib tsuas yog rau sab, lossis rau sab thiab ntsug. Thaum kawg, lawv tau muab nrog lub tshuab nqa tshwj xeeb. Ntawm chav kawm, nws ua raws li kev tsim qauv ntawm kev tsim kho, tab sis cov qhov rooj yog ntxuav tawm ntawm lub qhov muag los ntawm lub qhov muag thiab cia koj kom tau txais kev txaus siab ntawm kev nyob hluav taws.
Qhov cub hluav taws nrog lub tshuab hluav taws uas kaw tau muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv ob hom: ploj lossis nrog qhib qhov rooj. Lub tshuab hluav taws uas kaw nrog lub qhov rooj qhib tsis sib txawv ntawm lub qhib lub qhov rooj tsis muaj lub qhov rooj. Avota nrog lub qhov rooj kaw, koj tuaj yeem kho cov kwj ntawm huab cua nkag rau hauv lub qhov cub, saib cov hauv qab. Tus me dua cov cua ntws tawm, qeeb qeeb yuav mus hlawv cov txheej txheem. Raws li, ib feem ntawm hluav taws tuaj yeem ua kom nruj rau hmo ntuj hnyav. Kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm xws li lub qhov cub yog qhov tseem ceeb siab dua, nws tuaj yeem siv ua lwm qhov cua sov.
Qhov cub Masonry yog qhov zoo dua-woven lossis kaw hluav taws? Chaniannia thiab Scandinavian lub teb chaws, uas muaj kuab haum rau kev siv cov roj cov kev pab yog qhov sib txawv, hluav taws nrog cov qhov rooj yog nrov. Proszia, vim li cas ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj, yog muab kev nyiam ua kom qhib cov qauv qauv. Qhov cub hluav taws nrog lub tshuab hluav taws kaw yooj yim hauv tsev nrog cov pa taws uas muaj lawm, yog li kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cuab yeej yooj yim. Los ntawm cov tsev, cov yeeb nkab chimney feem ntau yog tsim nrog lub qhov cub. Ntawm no nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho ntawm Masonry qhov cub uas tuaj yeem tiv taus lub raj hnyav (nws cov loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2t). Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hlau rau ntawm xws li "feats" tsis muaj peev xwm. Txhawm rau tshem nws (Aan 'meter' ntawm lub raj teev nyhav li 200-250kg), koj yuav tau npaj qee tus qauv kev txhawb ntxiv. Incase, tus nqi ntawm lub qhov cub nrog lub taub hluav taws uas kaw tau ntau (1.5-2 lub sij hawm) ntawm qhov loj me thiab kho kom zoo nkauj, yog $ 2000-5000.
Tau kawg, cov lus nug ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov cub thiab nws cov pa yeeb nkab nyob rau ntawm kev sib tshooj ntawm lub tsev lossis lub hauv paus tsis daws ntawm engineering suav. Lawv yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm cov neeg tsim vaj tse ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub tuam txhab "Kfelvit", yog qhov loj ntawm qhov cub nws tus kheej tshaj 900kg, nws yog tus ntse tshaj plaws kom muab tso rau hauv thawj pem teb thiab rau ib lub hauv paus. Ntawm chav tsev thib ob muaj cov kev tsim yooj yim dua thiab tsis pub lwm tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm nce siab.
Nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob, qhov cub tau muab faib ua cov khoom ua tiav rau hauv phab ntsa; ib nrab ua rau hauv phab ntsa (tshuaj tsuag); tawm angular; tsis meej pem; ces kaum; Kob (nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav).
Nruab Nruab Nruab Nrab ntawm qhov cub
Qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub qhov cub yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov cuab yeej architectural ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv, cov qauv ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov chaw nres nkoj, hluav taws xob ua kom tau. Nyob ntawm cov qauv tsim ntawm cov phab ntsa, qhov cub hluav taws tuaj yeem nyob ntawm lawv lossis kos rau hauv lawv. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov phab ntsa sab hauv lossis cov partitions los ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj kev sib tw uas npaj rau qhov chaw tso pa taws. Rau txhua qhov cub yuav tsum tau cais chimney. "Rau tsob ntoo" ob qho hluav taws kub nyob rau ntawm cov plag tsev sib txawv, ib qho Chimney yog theoretically, tab sis xyaum teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yuav tsuas yog ua tau siv lawv. Qhov loj ntawm kev qhib sab nraud yuav tsum sib haum rau qhov loj me ntawm chav uas lub qhov cub tau muab kho (thaj chaw ntawm qhov qhib yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog thaj tsam ntawm 1:75) Cov.
Qhov chaw qhib ntawm lub cib yog cov qauv loj heev, nws yog feem ntau tsim nyog rau nws. Feem ntau yuav tsum tau sib tham hauv qab no). Nws tseem tsim nyog yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov cua ntawm chav. Fireplaces tsis zoo zam, yog li ntawd nws raug nquahu kom muaj lawv ntawm lub qhov rooj, qhov rai thiab ua pa sab nraud. Cov khoom hluav taws xob ruaj khov, hluav taws yog xav tau ib qho chaw nyob ruaj khov thiab cov huab cua loj, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hermetic ob-glazed Windows. Yog koj tsis ua kom tiav cov cai no, hluav taws kub hauv qhov cub yuav hlawv tsis khov thiab haus luam yeeb. Cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb nrog cov ntawv sau tshwm sim thaum tsim kob hluav taws, "qhib rau tag nrho cov cua" los ntawm plaub sab. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv chav tsev nws yog ntshaw kom npaj tau qhov cua tswj lub Chimney, nrog rau kev tswj hwm nws.
Thiab tseem muaj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho ntawm qhov cub hluav taws yuav tsum yog kev yuav tsum muaj hluav taws. Lub qhov cub yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb cais tawm los ntawm poj niam txiv neej, partitions thiab lwm yam vaj tsev qauv ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas.
Cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txhim kho hluav taws hauv tsev ntoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco qab: qhov cub hluav taws thiab cov pa taws yuav tsum muab tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob deb ntawm txhua cov qauv los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas! Qhov kev ncua deb no yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 250 hli. Cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas nyob ze rau qhov chaw nyob ze, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los cais tawm nrog cov khoom siv Asbestos lossis Asbestos-Masas, impregnated nrog muaj av nplaum lossis ib qho tuab ntawm silica fiber ntau.
Cov neeg haus luam yeeb rau txoj kev tsom xam yog qhov pom ntawm cov channel siab ncaj thawj channel thawj ntaus hauv kev siv V-III ntau pua xyoo. BC e. Los ntawm rome. Ib yam li ntawd, loj ncu rau cov dej cua sov hauv Roman chav da tau nruab nrog Chimney xws li. Cov huab cua pab dawb tau tso cai rau cov neeg Greek, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub nroog qub ntawm txawm tias muaj cov lauj kaub nrog cov hlau muaj ntau.
Qhov chaw uas pa taws tawm tau
Lub Chimney yog cov channel ntsug uas yog cov khoom siv tshem tawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov khoom lag luam rau cov roj cua tshiab. Qhov thawb hauv lub Chimney tshwm sim vim muaj qhov tseeb tias qhov ceev ntawm cov pa roj cua sov hauv nws tsawg dua li qhov ntom ntawm cov huab cua sab nraud. Lub zog ceev ntawm Flue Gases yog nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv qhov kub ntawm rhuab thiab cua txias, ntxiv rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Yog li no, lub Chimney, txawm tias muaj kev yooj yim zoo li ntawm kev tsim qauv, yog xam txheej txheem ntawm uas - lub ntsiab lus tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub luag haujlwm nrog ntau yam tsis paub. Nov yog lawv cov lus luv luv: Qhov ntev ntawm kev qhib ntawm lub cub tawg thiab qhov tob ntawm portal; Qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm lub caj pas ntawm cov pa taws nruab nrab; Qhov siab thiab hla-seem ntawm cov yeeb nkab; Xaiv cov cap yuav tsum muaj rau cov yeeb nkab; Ib tug neeg muaj cov av thiab toj roob hauv pes, nce, qhib cov tuam tsev, muaj kev nyab xeeb xws li kev paub dhau los, thiab hauv daim teb no kev tsim kho. Raws li cov tsev ua kom lawv tus kheej hais tias, "Bricklayer thiab lub qhov cub muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb." Qhov cub tawg yuav tsum quav qhov cub hluavtaws, thiab tsis yog tus tswv ntawm kev saib xyuas.Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov kav dej ntawm cov pa hluav taws tshiab yog ua los ntawm cov thwv cib tshwj xeeb. Lub masonry yuav tsum yog smoother li ua tau, nrog ib tuab ntawm cov nqaws, ntau tshaj ntawm 5 hli. Cov tuab ntawm lub seam, lub nrawm dua nws tau muab pov tseg raws li kev txiav txim ntawm cov pa roj kub. Cib, mus rau qhov tsim ntawm Chimney, yog xaiv du, tsis muaj kev tawm tsam lossis chosel. Cov ntoo khaub ncaws hla ntawm cov hluav taws kub channel yog ob peb zaug ntau dua li cov pa taws channel cheeb tsam ntawm cov cua sov ntawm lub zog. Yog li ntawd, qhov cub tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis yooj yim sua "nyiam" rau qhov twb muaj chimney uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus channel hla-ntu yog ib cib, lossis 130260mmm. Qhov siab ntawm cov kav dej flue (cov noob ntawm grate rau lub qhov ncauj) yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 5m. Nws yog ntshaw tias cov yeeb nkab nplooj kom ze ze li sai tau rau tus pas nrig ntawm lub ru tsev thiab tib lub sij hawm muaj tsawg kawg 500 hli (thaum lub caij ski raug tshem tawm mus rau 1.5 m). Qhov siab ntawm cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv (txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tipping lub thawb), yog tias cov tsev siab lossis cov ntoo loj heev.
Kev ntev ntev Chimney yuav tsim cov cua ntau dhau. Vtaka slifood taws yuav tsum tam sim ntawd. Txhawm rau them nyiaj sab hauv lub Chimney, lub traction stabilizer tau teeb tsa. Nws yog lub pob valve, cov nrov plig plawg ntawm uas qhib uas muaj zog cua nqus thiab muab cov khoom siv txias ntws hauv hom tsis siv neeg. Yog tias cov tshuaj ntsuam pa luam yeeb, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, luv heev dhau, txoj phuam yuav tsis txaus. Hauv qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm los txhim kho qhov yuam kev ntawm cov pa luam yeeb - ib qho tshwj xeeb kub-resistant kiv cua, mounted ntawm lub qhov ncauj (whitage) ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Xws li tus kiv cua yuav tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev ntxiv, ua kom nruj dua ntawm Chimney.
Cov tshuaj pleev xim rau cov kwj dej yuav tsum yog kab ntsug. Nws raug tso cai rau deviate los ntawm ntsug mus rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj 30 nrog kev pub tsis ntau tshaj 1m.
Tsis muaj tsawg tsawg firefire yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm rau cov pa hluav taws dua li cov neeg tua hluav taws. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nrug "Outflow" (uas yog los ntawm sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm cov pa taws cov neeg) rau cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas yuav tsum yog 380mm. Sab hauv cov kav dej ntawm cov overlaps, "cov menyuam" yog tsim - thickening los ntawm lub cib, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm masonry yeeb nkab. Qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm "cov menyuam" cib thiab qab nthab ntau dhau los ntawm cov ntxhib cov ntaub plaub lossis silica fiber.
Chimney yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv (kom deb li deb tau) nrog kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal los ntawm kev kis rau qhov kub tsawg. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob qhwv nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no yog li condensate tsim nyob rau sab hauv phab ntsa. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, cov teeb meem yuav tsis tsuas yog nrog lub qhov cub ntawm lub qhov cub, tab sis kuj nrog cov yeeb nkab ntawm cov yeeb nkab nws tus kheej. Tom qab siv tus mob, cov yeeb nkab qhov cub tau kaw nrog lub valve kom tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws xob ntawm huab cua sov los ntawm chav.
Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev yug me nyuam thiab kev txij nkawm ntawm hluav taws, ntxiv rau kev tu cov tshuab hluav taws xob, ntau pua xyoo lawm, thiab cov paj uas lawv tau ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tau ua tiav. Cov phau ntawv suav nrog: Koint Disws mus tawg cov thee rau hauv cov me; thoob thiab roj thawv; Tongs thiab tshwj xeeb rawg rau muab taws hluav taws; Txhuam rau ntawm ib tug ntev kov; daus. Cov ntxaij tiv thaiv yog siv los tiv thaiv cov ntoo hauv pem teb ntawm chav los ntawm hlawv cov hlau. Tsis tas li, lub qhov cub roj accessours muaj ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cov neeg Bubles nyob ntawm lub cub hluav taws. Qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog cov qhov rooj ncaj qha tshwj xeeb.
Ntaub ntawv
Tsis ntev los no, qhov thiaj li hu ua "qhaub cij" tau siv dav ua ib qho khoom siv rau qhov cub thiab cov chaw sov. Sandwich yog tus qauv tsim muaj ob lub kav dej hlau tau nqis los ua haujlwm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv tau muaj nrog fireproof thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Cov kav dej lawv tus kheej yog ua los ntawm cov hlau stainless.
Cov Hluav Taws Xob Niaj Hnub No "Sandwich" muaj qee cov txiaj ntsig piv rau lawv cov cib. Lawv yooj yim dua, lawv cov phab ntsa yog qhov ntau dua smoothness. Kednostoks yuav tsum muaj tus nqi siab thiab txhawb tus kheej me me. Ntawd yog, "qhaub cij" xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, lub nraaj sab nraud tsis pom zoo. Txawm hais tias qib siab ntawm tshav kub kub, cov pa taws no yuav tsum tau (raws li cov hlab ntsha muaj zog ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob (380mm rho tawm cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov qhaub cij tuab ntawm phab ntsa tuab) thiab cais los ntawm overaraps. Tej zaum no "tsis nco qab" muag, tab sis yeej tsis-cov kws kuaj xyuas hluav taws.
Ib qho khoom siv ntau ntxiv rau cov pa hluav taws thiab tsom-cib. Burles yog qhov yuav tsum tau nruj tshaj plaws. Rau masonry ntawm lub cub tawg ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob, uas pob zeb muaj zog tshaj plaws, muab siv cov cua sov muaj zog tshaj plaws, muab siv hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws, muab siv hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws, muab siv hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws, muab siv hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws, muab siv hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws, yog siv los ntawm kev hlawv thiab sib tsoo cov av nplaum refractory. Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kub txog 1200s. Qhov cub, uas yog token los ntawm taws, tuaj yeem muab tais los ntawm ib lub cib liab liab (tsim rau qhov kub txog rau 800c). Nyob rau hauv kev hlub rooj plaub, lub cib yuav tsum tau ua siab zoo, tsis muaj kev txhaum nyob ntawm nws lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj kev thauj khoom ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv kilo centimeter; Muaj cov hom ntawm M50 rau M300). Ib lub cib zoo-hlawv xim muaj cov xim liab liab, nws yooj yim rau kev sib tw thiab muab rau Dazonia, nws faib ua cov loj. Cov tshuaj xyuas cib, qhov thiaj li hu ua zheleznyak, yog qhov txawv los ntawm tsaus dua, yuav luag xim av, hauv cov chaw hauv cov vitreous nto. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov heev, phem peb tus kheej thiab tsis muaj zog khi rau txoj kev daws teeb meem. Qhov pheej yig cib, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, daj ntseg, poob, crumbles rau hauv me me, nqus dej kom zoo. Lub pas dej ua kom huv yuav tsum muaj cov duab ntawm cov duab plaub sib piv nrog cov ntsej muag thiab cov chaw du, tsis muaj kev tawg thiab tawg. Cricke loj - 25012065mm, Chamotte Cib - 25012365mm. Cais cais tej zaum yuav txawv ntawm ob peb millimeters: nyob rau hauv ntev - 3 hli, nyob rau hauv dav thiab qhov siab, 2 hli. Rau Masonry cov chaw ua hluav taws xob thiab qhov qis dua ntawm lub Chickney, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv uas tau txais kev hloov pauv tsawg tshaj plaws thiab hnav khaub ncaws me me. Ntawm cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov cib zoo, nws yog qhov ua tau los hais ob lub sijhawm, Ryazan, Brickhovski thiab serpuksky cib), terka thiab aseri qhia (Estonia). Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm dog dig domestic chimney cib yog 7-8 rubles. ib daig; Teb chaws txawv teb chaws nqi txog ib duas las ib ce.
Qhov kev siv cib ob tau tom qab cov tuam txhab tsis sib xws, rau cov Masonry ntawm "lub cub tawg" ntawm qhov cub (Foundation, sab nraud). Tab sis tsuas yog muab tias cov khoom siv tsis puas thiab ua kom huv los ntawm cov kev daws qub. Tib ntu tuaj yeem kis tawm ntawm cov pheej yig lossis tsis muaj cib. Hollow, silicate thiab lub cib siv rau Masonry firvaces tsis pom zoo.
Raws li cov lus qhia txog cov lus qhia, kev sib xyaw ntawm av av, xuab zeb thiab dej siv. Ntawm nws cov yas zog, cov kev daws teeb meem tau muab faib ua "daim tawv nqaij", ib txwm thiab muaj rog. Hauv "Cov tawv nqaij" saum toj no ntawm feem pua ntawm cov xuab zeb, thiab hauv "rog", ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, av nplaum. "Cov kev daws teeb meem yuag" tsis muaj cov tshuaj yas uas tsim nyog, thiab cov kab nrib pleb yog tsim nyob rau hauv "FATTY" thaum ziab. Yog li ntawd, rau Masonry hluav taws, cov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua. Nws muaj peev xwm los txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm kev daws, ua lub sam xauv nees lossis sawb nrog ib qho tuab ntawm 1-2 cm thiab ntev ntawm 15-20 cm. Yog tias koj yuav ncab, tab sis nws yog ntxuav, Nws txhais tau tias kev daws teeb meem yog "yuag". Lub sam xauv nees ntawm cov "rog" kev ua kom nruj thiab tsis muab cov tawg thaum hloov. Lub sam xauv nees los ntawm kev daws teeb meem ib txwm nrog dabtsi yog khoov cov ntawv tawg me me, thiab thaum xyab nws yog lengthened los ntawm 15-20%.
Txog kev daws teeb meem, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv dej, av nplaum thiab xuab zeb yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb yog cov organic, uas yuav tsoo hauv qab ntawm qhov kub siab. Xuab zeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nqa quartz, nrog cov nplej nrog lub cheeb ntawm tsis ntau dua 1 hli (cov nqeg me me, cov nqaws uas tau). Dej yog ntshaw kom siv li huv si, tsis txhob nruj (tsis muaj cov ntsev calcium thiab magnesium). Cov av nplaum siv tib yam li rau kev tsim cov cib. Rau masonry, ib qho av nplaum uas xav tau rau Masonry los ntawm Chamotte Cib. Txhawm rau nce lub zog ntawm kev daws teeb meem, Portland xis mas ntxiv nyob rau hauv kev suav ntawm 1l Portland cement ntawm lub thoob ntawm kev daws teeb meem.
Tso lub cub hluav taws
Qhov cub, zoo li lub qhov cub, - qauv yog txaus loj heev, feem ntau xav tau lub hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom pw qhov cub rau ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawm cov plag tsev thiab cov qauv qab nthab, tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tsim kho cov peev txheej. Lub hauv paus rau qhov cub hluav taws thiab cov pa luam yeeb yog ua los ntawm waterproof tsheb nqaj hlau-hlau cib, boob pob zeb lossis pob zeb ua pob zeb lossis pob zeb. Qhov tob ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tob ntawm tus primer ntawm cov av. Nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev thiab lub qhov cub yuav tsum muaj kev sib txawv hauv 50-55 hli nrog av. Nws yog txwv tsis pub cov ntaub qhwv cov hauv paus no, raws li lawv tuaj yeem muab cov khoom siv sai sai, uas tau tsim los nrog cov kab nrib pleb hauv lub masonry. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm lub hauv paus hauv txoj kev npaj yuav tsum yog qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov cub Masonry los ntawm cov av noo noo nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, kab rov tav waterproofing los ntawm ib tug bitcher txheej siv.Qhov yuav tsum tau txhim kho lub hauv paus cais tseem ua rau lub installace ntawm lub qhov cub hauv chav npaj txhij. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab yooj yim dua ua nws ib txhij nrog kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov hluav taws ntawm cov tsev sab saud yog txwv los ntawm cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Rau cov lus teb raug rau cov nqe lus nug, seb puas tsim nyog ntawm lub qhov cub yog ua tau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub engineering xam ntawm tag nrho lub tsev qauv yog xav tau. Masonry fireplaces yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ntej-tsim ntawm ntau hom thiab lwm yam ntawm cov qauv - lub qhov rooj, coopers, Ascers, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov xaj xaj, koj tuaj yeem suav cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom vaj tsev. Raws li txoj cai, kwv yees li ib txhiab cloks tshwm sim nyob rau Masonry qhov cub ntawm me me.
Lub masonry ntawm cov pa hluav taws yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog cov thwv cib hauv txhua qhov kev qhia. Txhawm rau pab txhawb txoj haujlwm no, ib daim ntawv foos txawb yog siv rau ntawm cov kab ntsug. Ua ntej nteg cib hauv kab tom ntej, lawv tau xaiv nyob rau hauv loj thiab muaj tas mus xyuas cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov nqaws. Cov nqaws yuav tsum yog nyias thiab ua tiav nrog kev daws teeb meem (qhov thiaj li hu ua suture "kev ua txhaum"). Nyob rau hauv cov intra-propelled thiab intracerene qhov chaw, convex seams tsis raug tso cai, cov nyiaj seem yog qhov muab tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov "pom" qhov chaw uas qhov hluav taws xob uas tau los ntawm cov nqaws, lawv tuaj yeem ua "inlet" (tsis ntau tshaj 10 hli) - rau kev plastering ntxiv. Cov nqaim thiab hloov ntawm Chimney thiab cov roj uas raug kaw, uas cov cib tau txuas nrog daim foos.
Txhua cov txheej txheem hlau (qhov rooj, grate sob) yuav tsum muab nruab nrog rau lawv cov kev nthuav dav thermal (5-10 hli szor). Hauv kev sib piv, cov hlau yuav rhuav tshem lub masonry. Feem ntau, nws yog ntshaw kom siv li ob peb hlau ntau li sai tau.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom sib tshooj ntawm lub qhov cub ntawm qhov cub, hlau teeb tsis tuaj yeem siv rau qhov no. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov cib hauv koov thiab kab hauv koov yuav tsum khib. Vaults yog siab thiab qis, semi nkhaus, maj mam lossis peb lub hauv paus. Qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov roj feem ntau yog kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov portal tshwj xeeb. Rau kev tso cov nraub qaum thiab cov khoom siv ntawm kev txhim kho "locks", cib yuav tsum tau muab qee daim ntawv nyuaj lossis txo lawv qhov ntev. Kev ntawm lub zog tawv qub yog muaj peev xwm faib lub cib hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia nrog kev pab ntawm rauj lossis tuaj yeem; Niaj hnub nimno wizards rau cov txheej txheem no yog siv ntau dua los ntawm kev pom- "Bulgarian". COMP Cib muaj cov smoother txiav nto, yog li tus qauv thib ob yog qhov zoo dua. Nws yog txwv tsis pub them cov pob zeb nrog ib qho pob lossis txha caj qaum sab hauv cov cub tawg lossis lub zog ntawm cov ntsej muag yog qis dua lwm tus, thiab masonry yuav nrawm dua.
Kev lig kev cai ntawm pipeline
Tus qauv tsim ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb niaj hnub no nws nyiam sib txawv, nws tau hais txog txhua tus qauv thiab cov qauv duab kos duab los ntawm cov pob zeb rau lub hnub nyoog. Tau kawg, feem ntau, qhov cub yog txuam nrog peb txoj kev nco qab nrog cov laus zoo Askiv ntawm Sherlock Holmes. Tshwj xeeb tshaj cov qauv tsim kev ua kom pom zoo ntawm cov kev pom zoo ntawm qhov cub avant-garde, raws li Dutchman Hari mob ...
Raws li rau cov kev coj ua Lavxias, nws cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov rauv los ntawm cov vuas. Lawv yog cov nplais nyias nyias ntawm lub cib hlawv, npog nrog sab xub ntiag. Cov lus ntawm lub cub tawg tsis yog tig xub ntiag, yog cov nplais, thiab nteg tawm thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho - lub qhov cub tiav yuav tsis ua kom zoo. Cov vuas muab tso rau ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab tau txuas nrog siv cov ntu hlau thiab cov hlau ntoo. Tso tawm ib tug tiled cib tshuab colib manufacturers, cov kev sib tw saum toj no thiab borovichsky, nrog rau cov tuam txhab ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Baltic lub teb chaws thiab Scandinavia. Ntxiv nrog rau kev zoo nkauj, cov vuas daws cov teeb meem kev siv ntawm kev txuam nrog ntawm thermal lub zog ntawm cov cua sov. Yog li ntawd, kev tso ntawm lub chaw portals hluav taws xob tau xyaum ua tsis zoo (yog tias nws los txog qhov cub tawg, thiab tsis yog hais txog qhov cub tawg - taws ua ke). Nws yog qhov yooj yim ntxiv rau lub hom phiaj no kom siv cov portals los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab tshwj xeeb.
Xaj cov khoom khov kho ua hauv hom tshwj xeeb, cov chaw tsim khoom yog xav tsis thoob los ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov tswv yim. Qhov nyuaj nkaus xwb yog txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom. Cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau ntawm cov chaw portals tau tsim lawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv npaj txhij-rau-teeb duab duab plaub nrog cov kauj ruam tau hais meej meej (feem ntau 5-10 cm). Yog tias tsim nyog, lub tuam txhab yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim portal ntawm ib qho loj me, tab sis nws tus nqi yuav yog 20-30% siab dua. Feem ntau, tus nqi ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ports txawv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev txwv heev thiab nyob ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov khoom uas lawv tau ua. Yog li, lub teb chaws-style portals tuaj yeem raug nqi li ntau pua nyiaj, thiab lub portal ntawm Spanish tuam txhab arriage arriage arriage arriage arriaged onyx yog ntau txhiab daus las. Ntxiv mus, qee cov chaw tsim khoom, txhua cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov cub tawg yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws, tab sis los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm lub chaw teeb hluav taws xob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qhua tuaj yeem xaiv tus qauv raws li cov catalog thiab pab txhawb rau tus qauv tsim ntawm kev hloov pauv. Vitoga stylish exmishite exquisite tshaj plaws yog pheej yig dua. Cia peb hais cov hluav taws muaj kuab heev los ntawm Fab Kis tuam txhab Deville, "cloned" lub tuam txhab "ntiaj teb cov neeg yuav khoom ntawm $ 2000-3000, ntawm cov khoom (plhaub, marble, thiab lwm yam).
Txuas ntxiv kev sib tham txog lub portals hluav taws, peb nco ntsoov tias kev sib txawv, ampir thiab "rustic") tau faib tawm ntawm cov ib txwm muaj kev kawm tau thiab nkag siab. Thawj cov tua hluav taws heev Foci tau tawm ntawm lub pob zeb tsis kho tau. Qhov yooj yim, idleness, muaj zog muaj zog "lub era ntawm barbarism" ua rau cov style ntawm "rustic" nrov heev thiab tam sim no. Cov portals cub hauv lub dab no yog tsim los ntawm rene brisach thiab teb chaws Europe chemines (Fabkis), arriaga (spain), piazzetta (ltalis). Portals tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog chipped marble, tus dej phwj tuaj, ib qho tsis meej, pob zeb. Cov khoom no yog yooj yim hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab yog li ntawd tus kuj tseem pheej yig. Tab sis xav txog: tshaj li lub pob zeb yog softer, lub nrawm dua nws yog kuab paug los ntawm cov kua muag thiab nyuaj dua nws yuav tshem tawm sage thiab av los ntawm nws. Hauv cov khoom qub, cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim thiab muaj kuab heev yog hom, sib raug zoo ua ke nrog txhua lwm yam. Wangli Hluav Taws Fa P-puab Portal feem ntau ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntawm ntau yam, ntau zaus tsaus ntuj ntxoov ntxoo. Lub portal tuaj yeem dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib qho khoom plig zoo nkauj. Ib qho tsis tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm Askiv-hluav taws kub-hluav taws kub, uas yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov siab li ntawd nws yooj yim rau nws kawm. Lub cub hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuab raj lus Askiv tau qhib thiab kuj tsis yog qhov ntiav, uas tso cai rau kev siv cov pa hluav taws ntawm ib ntu me me. Cov kclassic cov tub ntxhais kawm tau muaj xws li cov khoom ntawm stovax (United Kingdom).
Ambire style pib thaum Napoleon Bonaparte. Cov nplaim hluav taws hluav taws tau ua los ntawm marble thiab txawv los ntawm qee cov pomp. Kev sib xws ntawm kev thov rov hais dua rau cov antique hosthology. Caryatids, kab, sphinxes, griffins reigned nyob rau hauv ib tug docomacacacacacacacacacacacacy thoob plaws lub xixvek. Xws li cov hluav taws kub tau tsim tawm hnub no los ntawm ArriGa (Spain), Piazzetta (Ltalis).
Niaj hnub no cov qhov cub yeej tsis muaj ntau haiv neeg. Ntawm no yog niaj hnub, thiab arte, thiab txawm tias siab thev naus laus zis. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov qhov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws " Cov qauv tsim qauv niaj hnub ua rau cov duab thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov cua sov, tsim qee zaum cov qauv txawv tshaj plaws. Tseem tsis muaj kev sib cav thiab tshee hnyo "lub hnab looj tes ua qub txeeg qub teg" tseem nyob ...
Tus kws kho ntawv kho ua tsaug rau lub tuam txhab "Art-Art", "Kfeltetstroy", "Mirsown", "agroprokt" rau kev pab hauv kev npaj khoom siv.