Waterproofing lub foundation thiab nqos ntawm lub tsev. Hom kev ywg dej raws li txoj kev thov thiab txoj ntsiab cai ntawm kev nqis tes ua. Cov kws xyaum.
Qhov laj thawj rau kev tsim cov khoom plig hauv cov hauv paus ntawm cov tsev nyob yog tib yam li hauv cov cav ntoo, cov xau yuav luag.
Theem ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheej waterproofing:
a) stripping rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau txhuam;
b) nqa tus txhuam txhuam rau ntawm cov hlau armature ntawm Kema Armafix Anticorrosion txheej;
c) Thov txheej txheej ntawm dej tsis muaj dej fasi fm (3 hli);
d) Rov qab los ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov pob zeb siv cov laid qhuav sib tov ntawm fasi rm.
Styrodur daim hlau tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv hauv qab daus los ntawm dej, tab sis kuj tau txais kev cawm dim ntawm tus mob khaub thuas.
Dej yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej, tsis muaj nws, tus neeg yuav tsis tsib tsib hnub dhau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsos ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog cia li poob tus tswv ntawm lub mus ob peb vas, tab sis kuj ua tshuaj lom lub neej no.
Ntawm lub kaum tawm txhiab tus tsa nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no (thiab feem ntau kim heev) tsev me, ntau tus neeg twb xav tau kev txhim kho hauv qab daus thiab hauv qab daus. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev kho no tsis ua rau tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab yam tsis muaj kev kho kom tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm waterproofing lub hauv paus thiab cov neeg raug ntaus ntawm lub tsev. Qhov laj thawj rau cov hnoos qeev xws li "kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov kev tsim qauv, hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, hauv kev lom zem tsis zoo, thiab qee zaum hauv kev tsim khoom.
Cov dej ntws hauv av, av nplaum shores
Theem ntawm cov dej hauv av (AGB) nyob ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tsiaj hauv av. Piv txwv li, rau thaj chaw Moscow yog loam raug. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov dej tsis muaj zog permeability thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw foob pob ntawm cov aquifer. Qhov zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua lag luam av hauv av yog yuam kom yeej cov kev tsim kho ntawm hydrogeological tshawb fawb. Yog hais tias qee yam kev khuam siab yuav nyob hauv thaj chaw nqa hauv capillary (piv txwv li, lub hauv paus qhob lub hauv paus ntawm koj lub tsev), cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv av yuav ntxuav nws. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav melting ntawm cov daus thiab dej khov, lub caij ntuj sov, cov nag, xws li lub siab ntxim hlub ntawm cov paj lug, - tag nrho cov no tsim kev hem thawj ntxiv rau lub tsev dej nyab.Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov av "dav =" tsau
Ib qho twg muaj, hauv qhov tob, muaj cov txheej dej-noo ntawm cov av. Los ntawm nws, noo noo nce tag nrho cov av hauv ib qib lossis lwm cov yog dej permeable thiab, nyiam nqus cov kua rau hauv nws tus kheej. Qhov ntau denser cov av thiab lub thinner ntawm lub pores hauv nws, ntau dua lub capillar nce dej. Txawm hais tias ib tug tuab rog rog yog qeeb heev, tab sis nws tsa noo noo mus rau qhov siab ntawm 12 m thiab ntau tshaj tus aquifer.
Qhov siab ntawm Capillary Lifting ntawm noo noo saum toj theem ntawm aquifer
| Cov yam ntxwv ntawm av | Pom av | Qhov siab ntawm capillary Lifting, m |
|---|---|---|
| Zoo-permeable | Alert ntxuav, gravel | 0 |
| Pliced | Xuab zeb coarse xuab zeb | 0.3-0.15 |
| Cov xuab zeb yog zoo-grained | 1,1-2 | |
| Qaug zog | Dej txhawv | 1,1-2 |
| Sublink yooj yim | 2-2.5 | |
| Sublok Nruab Nrab, Hnyav | 3.5-6.5 | |
| Dej | Sublok Rog, Av | 12 lossis ntau dua |
Lub hauv paus yog zaum tib lub sijhawm nrog txwv tsis pub (tso dag)
Tus nqi ntawm lub hauv paus yog feem ntau yog 15-20% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub tsev, thiab tus nqi ntawm waterproofing lub hauv paus yog 1-3%. Tab sis qhov miscalculations thiab kev ua tau zoo yuav zam kev nqis peev nyob rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub neej tom ntej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.Yog li, kev tsim kho pib nrog lub hauv paus bookmark. Qhov feem ntau muaj kev thaiv cov hauv paus muaj ntau qhov zoo, ntawm cov muaj peev xwm loj ntawm kev tso. Tab sis los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov dej tsis muaj zog nws yog qhov zoo dua rau lub hauv paus ntawm monolithic. Qhov tsis muaj cov seaming speams tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau lawv txoj kev pavement, uas yog, txhaws nrog cement cug. Me ntsis nco cov pob qij txha nyob rau sab saum toj (uas txwv, raws li txoj cai, brigades cov tuam tsev los ntawm cov kab ke yav qab teb) rau cov wints hnyav tsis txaus.
Tsis muaj kev tsim kho yog ua tsis tiav yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam (ib qho piv txwv, lub pej thuam nto moo hauv nroog Piza, Ltalis). Lub heterogeneity ntawm cov av, tau txais ntawm cov dej noo lub caij, kub hloov pauv hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab, vim tias muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv qab daus hauv qab daus. Lub noo noo uas tau nqus nyob rau hauv cov pores ntawm qhob yog nthuav tawm thaum khov (ntawm 9%) thiab tawg nws. Yog li micrpacks yog tsim, qhib txoj kev mus rau cov dej tam sim no ntawm cov dej. Qhov teeb meem no tsis muaj hnub no, thiab txoj kev ntawm nws kev tso cai muaj ntau yam.
Raws li txoj kev ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov hom waterproofing yog qhov txawv: txheej, nkag mus, mounted.
Ib qho ntxiv, muaj: Cov khoom lag luam nrawm nrawm rau kev kho kom yooj yim; Cov plasters huv huv; Hydrophobic muaj pes tsawg leeg rau muab cov qhob thiab cib dej-repellent cov khoom; Antisole, anti-grapple impregnation thiab ntau, ntau ntxiv.
Foolish waterproofing
Twb tau 5000 xyoo dhau los, cov neeg nyob hauv txheej thaum ub nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse nyob rau hauv ib lub ntub dej rau waterprouging. Thiab tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv bitumen thiab bituming yog feem ntau, paub, yog paub, pheej yig, siv tau yooj yim. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau los ntawm lub siab tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no: lawv lub neej pabcuam tau txwv rau tsib lossis rau xyoo. Qhov tseeb yog tias bitumen nws tus kheej poob zuj zus ntawm 0 ° C thiab tawm ntawm qhov kev deformitable kub ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov nrib pleb. Cov txheej txheej tas ua kom tawg lossis nyem. Ib qho ntxiv, ua haujlwm nrog kub bitumen (cua sov kub thaum thov tsawg kawg yog 120 ° C!) Nws tsis txaus ntshai thiab txaus ntshai.
Cov ntaub ntawv luv luv ntawm Petrochetum tau coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov kev sib tw loj, cov khoom siv hluavtaws (polymers) thiab cov ntaub ntawv raws lawv. Bitumen-Roj Hmab thiab Bitumen-Polymeric Masts ntawm kev siv txias rau ntawm cov kuab huab organic tseem tsim tau.
Hom Txheej Mastic Tocital Ntau Lawm
| Saib ntawm niam | Ntawv Thov Txias,Ntawm | Txheej Ntawv Thickness Hli. | Kev siv nruab nrab kg / m2. | Nqe 1 kg, tshiav. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abuminous | 120-160 | 4-5 | tsib | 3-6 |
| Roj Hmab Roj Hmab | 80-95 | 4-5 | tsib | 10-20. |
| Bituminous polymer | -20 ... + 50 | 2-3. | 2-3. | 15-35 |
Piv txwv li, lub bituminous-latex emulsion mastic "" uas lub aozt "Ryazan Cardboard cov roj hmab roj hlau roj hmab" tsim kom zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv Polymeries ntawm cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws yog kwv yees li peb lossis plaub zaug ntau nqi kim dua cov khoom Lavxias.
CAs-polymeric zoo li muaj kev sib xyaw kom qhuav ntawm cov cement nrog cov chav ua ke ntxher belongs rau kev siv dej sib haum. Cov sib tov yog muab xauv nrog dej, ib qho kev khi tshwj xeeb emulsion lossis ahoeous dispersion ntawm polymers (acrylic, silicone lossis yas lossis yas). Ua tsaug rau cov Caas tawm tsam, cov txheej txheej no muaj cov nplaum zoo rau lub hauv paus. Yas ntxiv Additives Pab cov khoom ua haujlwm tau ua tiav tsis tsuas yog ntawm cov npoo nruj, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv cov chaw raug rau kev tawm tsam thiab kev tshee. Cov dej-ntawv pov thawj los ntawm cov khoom siv los ua pov thawj rau qhov hws ntawm lub hauv paus thiab nruj lawv nruj. Lub thickness ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov tsho loj no yog me me - 1-3 hli.
Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov koob no koj tuaj yeem hu npog cov duab npog sai sai (muaj cov nplaum tsis muaj 40 kg / cm2 thiab w22 dej dolo, barralastik Waterproofing los ntawm Osmolastic (Performance index) thiab aquaburg-2k (Schomburg) tiv thaiv qhib ntawm lub hauv paus rau 2 hli. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo muaj dej tsis qis dua W10, uas yog, lawv tuaj yeem tiv ywg dej tsis muaj 10thm. Ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj lub dav hlau zoo li hauv av. Tab sis lub siab ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem sau cia nkag sab hauv ntawm lub hauv paus (osmotic siab) tuaj yeem ncav cuag theem sib piv.
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam hauv tsev yog "Lacht" Ceev Faj "(LLC" Hydrogen ")," Hydrogen "(NiZb)," Hydrogen "(" Hydrogen "(" Hydrogen "(" Hydrogen "(" HYROUNLOZSs). Muaj tseeb, cov tuab ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum ncav cuag 30-50mm.
Cov txheej txheej quav dej yog siv, los tiv thaiv cov chaw ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob (sab hauv lub tsev) thiab cov av) nrog cov av thiab siab mus rau 0,2thm.
Cov ntaub ntawv ceev faj raws cov sib tov kaw
| Tus tsim | Lub npe | Kev tau noj, kg / m2 | Nqe 1 kg, txhuam. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thoro, Belgium | Tonoseal. | 3-4.5 | 66. |
| Heidelberger Zement, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees | Dostastik | 1.5-2 | 59. |
| Kema, Slovenia | Hidrotes-94. | 3-4 | 38. |
| Performance index, Ltalis | Osmoflex | 2. | 62. |
| Schomburg, lub teb chaws Yelemees | Aquafin-2k. | 3-4.5 | 37. |
| LLC "Hydrogen", Russia | "Lachta" Ceev Faj " | 3-4.5 | 40. |
| Ci ntsa iab, Russia | "Glims-waterstop" | 6-12. | kaum cuaj |
| Niizb, Russia | "Hydrothex-b" | 4-5 | 24. |
Dej Tsis Siv Dej
Nws cover waterproof tau ua los ntawm dov los yog zaj duab xis waterproofing cov ntaub ntawv glued rau ntawm lub hauv paus thiab ntawm txhua lwm yam siv waterproof mastic. Lub pob ntseg uas paub zoo tshaj plaws yog lub npe-rubkeroid, tsuas yog pergamine. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog kev nteg qe, tsis muaj hnub nyoog thiab, raws li ntawd, yog lub neej luv. Lawv tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub cim dej tshiab ntawm cov dej lim dej: isoplast, feem ntau ecogrleks, tekroppist (tekhnoflex nroj tshuag). Raws li lub hauv paus, hluavtaws cov ntaub ntawv (polyester, iav Cholester, fiberglass) tau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheej no. Lub bitumen tau hloov kho los ntawm cov polymers ntawm sbs (styrene-butadiene-styrene-styrees) thiab cov app (tsis tshua muaj ntau yam elasticylore), uas nce nws txoj kev elasticylore), uas nce nws txoj kev elasticylore), uas nce nws txoj kev elasticylore), uas nce nws elasticity thiab kub ua kom tsis taus.Cov ntaub ntawv Rolled Rolled (los ntawm iCopal, Performance index) yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov siab thiab ruaj khov, tab sis yog plaub mus rau tsib zaug kim dua li Lavxias.
Cov qauv thiab cov kws tshaj lij sau cia tias dov dej tsis muaj zog yog txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov, tab sis cov capricient ua. Nws yuav tsum tau npaj ua tib zoo npaj cov chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm ntau dua 2 hli, pib ua kom qhuav, primer emulsion, cov khoom siv tsis zoo lossis cov khoom tso dej. Hais txog kev thov waterproofing los ntawm sab nraud (nrog rau cov dej kom zoo), nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv nws (siv cov ntxaij vab tshaus, panels lossis geototextiles kev puas tsuaj.
Domestic Rolled Waterproofing Khoom Siv
| Tus tsim | Lub npe | Khaws cov elasticity ntawm kub, nrog | Tus nqi 1 m2, tshiav. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hoobkas "Izoflex" | Isoelast | -40 ... + 90 | 70-80 |
| Yog ooplastic | ...5 ... + 90 | 60-90. | |
| CJSC "Tekhnonikol" | Tsav tsheb cab | -15 ... + 110 | tsib caug |
| Technroelast | ...5 ... + 100 | 40-70 |
Waterproofing peretrating kev ua
Refractory waterproofing ntawm txoj kev cai ua kom nkag siab zoo (los ntawm cov lus Askiv. Thawj qhov sib sau ua ke ntawm chav kawm no tau tsim lub tuam txhab Vandexinternernerntd. (Switzerland) nyob rau hauv 40s ntawm XXVEK.Cov ntaub ntawv tob tob yog ua los ntawm cov cement nrog ntxiv cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab thiab tshwj xeeb cov xuab zeb. Siv los txo cov capillary conductivity ntawm kev ua vaj tse. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke nrog cov capillary noo noo poob rau hauv cov laj kab hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov pob zeb ua thiab ua cov muaju ntawm cov duab xov. Pores yog cov nqaim, cov dej tsoos ua haujlwm yuav qis dua. Thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb uas vapor permeability txo me ntsis thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov phab ntsa kom zoo. Lub thickness ntawm waterproofing txheej yog li ntawm 1: 3mm. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem siv ob sab nraud thiab sab hauv lub tsev.
Kev nkag rau cov khoom lag luam yog qhov zoo rau cov qhob tshiab. Thaum kho cov pob zeb qub, thaum cov ntxaij sab nraud yog grilled lossis txhaws nrog limestone, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua tib zoo ntxuav cov nplaim hluav taws thiab degrease, qhib kev nkag mus rau lub capillary. Ntxiv mus, cov scraper lossis xaim txhuam rau qhov kev ua haujlwm no tsis txaus. Nws yuav tsum tau txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis dej dav hlau, ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab ntawm tsawg kawg 15-20thm.
Cov Kws Ua Tswv Yim Lub Tswv Yim »Dav =" tsau
Ntawm lub siab ntawm txhua kis ntawm kev tsim kho, txawm muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau nws txoj kev siv, muaj ib txwm muaj, cov kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog tsim los ntawm xyoo kev xyaum. Nov yog cov kws tshaj lij yog qhia los ntawm CJSC convent Center rau ob qhov kev tsim kho nyuaj. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm capillary nqus thiab kev kub siab ntawm nag los yog qhov siab. Yog li kev tiv thaiv ntawm qab daus yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke nrog cov dej ntws nrog cov dej tsis muaj dej. Ua ntej, lawv tau pov lub ntsej muag ntawm lub hauv paus thiab nteg lub zog rau nws cov phab ntsa. Tom qab ntawd qhov puag ncig yog nqa tawm cov kav dej ntws tawm, lawv muab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus thiab nrum hauv av. Hauv pem teb yog ua multilayer thiab muab tso rau ntawm sandy (thiab gravel zoo dua) kev npaj. Nyob rau Sab qab av, kev txij nkawm tsuas yog them nrog Geocan. Ib txoj hlua khi txhawb nqa nrog txoj kev tuab ntawm 100-150mm tau muab tso rau hauv ib txheej ntawm polymer-bitumen membrane (Flexter Testudo). Nws cov ntawv txheeb yog welded nrog roj burner nrog ib qho sib tshooj 100mm. Tom ntej no yog cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev, txheej sib cais txheej thiab, thaum kawg, lub pob zeb ua screed rau trim. Sab nraum, lub hauv paus yog kho nrog tus oxidized bitumer primer (indever) thiab nteg cov kab ke thiab nce li 300-500 hli sab saud. Cov rwb thaiv tsev txheej yog kaw nrog geocal lossis cov ntoo tiv thaiv thiab ua rau sab nraub qaum. Lub voj voog tsim qauv kav ntev li 4-5 lub lis piam.
Penetrating ua kev sib xyaw ua ke
| Tus tsim | Lub npe | Kev tau noj, kg / m2 | Nqe 1 kg, txhuam. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vandex International Ltd., Switzerland | Vandex Super | 1-1.5 | 95. |
| Performance index, Ltalis | Roj hmab | 3. | 46. |
| LLC "Txuj Ci Tshiab", Russia | "Calmatron" | 1.6-3,2 | 45. |
| XYYX Tshuaj Corp., Canada | Xype | 0.8-1. | 182. |
| LLC "Hydrogen", Russia | Tus tub rog | 1,2 | 159. |
| "Lachta" nkag mus rau " | 1,2 | 60. |
Mounted Waterproofing
Lwm cov thev naus laus zis tawm yog kev tsim cov ntxaij tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntev, ib txheej av av (txheej 40-50cm) yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no - cov khoom siv tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim.Lub ntuj kev txhim kho ntawm lub tswv yim yog qhov thiaj li hu ua Bentonite waterproofing. Bentonite av nplaum, uas tau hais cov khoom colloidal, muaj peev xwm ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim duab qhia los ntawm 1-2 cm. , Nyob rau hauv RAWMAT HDB Bentonite mats). Plhaub plhaub thaum lub lag luam decomposes hauv av. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tag nrho lub tswb nto yog ib puag ncig los ntawm av nplaum.
Nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv tsev muaj Nabento insulating mats (akzo Nobel kev txhawj xeeb), nrog rau tus bentpat panels thiab voltex mats (ctco). Cov nqi rau Bentonite mats - kwv yees li $ 10 rau 1m2.
Kawg kev loj hlob hauv kev ua teb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thev naus laus zis - polymer geomembranes. Lawv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - durability, nruab nrab rau kev tawm tsam, tiv taus rau deformation ntawm cov qauv thiab kev txav ntawm cov av. Qhov screen muaj lub vev xaib nrog cov kab sib npaug mus txog 8 hli thiab lim cov ntawv nyeem. Textiles tiv thaiv cov kab ke los ntawm cov av tawm nrog cov nplais, thiab cov spikes sib npaug nrog cov dej lim tau xa mus rau qhov chaw tso dej. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no txwv tsis pub lub tsev kos duab, muab cov dej tsis muaj waterproofing, thiab tseem ua cov phiaj hlau tiv thaiv ntawm cov capillary noo noo. Cov ntxaij vab tshaus tau ua tiav kev ua tiav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nyom nrog kev ua kom muaj kev txhuav dej thiab nqus kom muaj nuj nqi thaum theem av ntawm kev tshem cov kav dej.
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias kev ua lag luam, cov khoom lag luam muaj peev xwm nrov (ondulin, Fabkis), wbefon, lub teb chaws (Monmen Almbrane nrog Geotextile- $ 4-8 Cov. Tab sis tag nrho tus nqi ntawm kev npaj cov kua dej tawm, nrog rau kev npaj thiab ua av, tau kawg, yog qhov siab dua.
Thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus
Muaj feem ntau muaj teeb meem, nyiaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ywg dej tau siv ntau, thiab hauv qab daus tseem qhuav. Tus culprit yuav tau condensate ntog ntawm "khaub thuas" phab ntsa ntawm huab cua ntub. Yog li ntawd, cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus los ntawm sab nraud yuav tsum yog insulated, thiab sab hauv qhov cua. Koj tuaj yeem npog cov phab ntsa nrog cov khoom siv kom sov tshwj xeeb "sov siab", ntawm cov kab ke, Driisan los ntawm cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm D. S. S. SYST ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm). Lawv tau txais los ntawm kev ntxiv pore-tsim additives rau ib plaster kev daws teeb meem) lossis muab tso tawm ntawm cov sib tov plaw.
Rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus, cov phiaj sib zog los ntawm extrusion polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, basf), expal ngo), thiab kuj tseem foamed (ntxeem tau) PPP yog siv. Thawj zaug ua haujlwm nyob rau tib lub sijhawm uas yog dej tsis zoo, thiab qhov thib ob, hauv ib khub nrog Geotextiles, raws li cov khoom siv ua kua.
Mus kom ze
Qhov ntau ntawm cov nyiaj tau hais qhia tias txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kev tsim kho ntawm noo noo tsis muaj nyob. Hauv txhua kis, nyob ntawm cov kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev, koj yuav tsum tsim koj tus kheej cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm kev ua dej.Txoj hauv kev no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Performance index (ltalis), kev ua haujlwm qhuav (lub teb chaws (lub teb chaws), SCHOMATELLY) thiab lwm tus. Thiab yog, rau Piv txwv li, hauv lub Instrument Performance index, vandex International Ltd. Thiab Delta muaj 1000 yam khoom uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ywg dej, lawv yog ntau tshaj li txaus los sau ib daim ntawv qhia rau "kev kho" ntawm ib qho tawg. Kev ntsuas kev sib txawv yuav zoo li kim ($ 12-60 rau ib 1 feeb), tab sis lawv lav tau kev vam meej.
Cov Kws Ua Tswv Yim Lub Tswv Yim »Dav =" tsau
Cia peb hais: Daim phiaj nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj hmoo tsis yog. Tsis tsuas yog cov dej yuav nquag saib rau lub slit me ntsis nyob hauv tsev, yog li kuj deformation ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tseem ceeb. Yog li, tag nrho lub hauv paus yog yuav tsum tau cais tawm. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nqus dej rau ntawm kev siv khoom. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm qhov kev khawb, chaw npaj khoom yog ua. Nws yog mounted ntawm cov formwork rau cov phab ntsa sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus thiab nteg cov khoom siv dej nrog lub zeem muag 500-700mm nyob ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob puas lub insulating "ntaub pua plag" nrog kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, nws yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm txheej pob zeb ua nrog lub tshuab tuab ntawm 30-40 hli. Tom qab ntawd lawv nce lub zog, formwork thiab nrum lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus, nws cov phab ntsa thiab tub los ntxhais. Tom qab disassembly, cov formwork ua cov dej txiav ntsug. Los ntawm saum toj no, tawm hauv Tshuag ntawm 300-500mm los ua kev txiav kab rov tav rov qab los ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv tsev. Cov av hauv qab, cov rwb thaiv tsev ntsug yog welded nrog kab rov tav. Hauv qhov no, ib qho elastic polymer-bitumen Membrane Helasta P4 4mm tuab, siv tau nrog polyester fiber, tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv insulating, tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv insulating. Txhua thaj chaw tau kho nrog Primer (Indus). Tus membrane tau muab tso rau hauv ob txheej. Kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm cov phab ntsa yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm panels thiab sprinkled nrog av. Lub voj voog ua hauj lwm kav tsawg kawg 7-8 lub lis piam, yog tias kev rho tawm yog nqa tawm rau tsis muaj kev ruaj khov.
Ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab
Xws li lub tsev yog nyuam qhuav ua, thiab hauv qab daus twb puv nrog dej. Txawm tias muaj cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntau thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm ntawm kev nplij siab.Ua ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm no tias lawv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev sib ntaus, - hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov txiaj ntsig thiab dampness tag nrho cov txhais tau tias yog qhov zoo. Hauv peb cov lus qhuab qhia, kev sib cais yog ua tshwj rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev nthuav qhia.
Feem ntau, txoj kev txum tim dej sab nraud ntawm lub belunped spain ntawm lub tsev yog qhov nyuaj vim qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev khawb. Tso zis tiv thaiv los ntawm sab hauv. Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv dej. Hauv thawj kis, dej siab los ntawm sab nraud nias lub txheej rau lub hauv paus, nws yog thib ob tawm ntawm nws. Yog li, bitumen mastic thiab cov txheej txheej siav tsis siv rau sab hauv dej ntws. Ntawm no yog tsim nyog cov khoom siv xis nyob nrog cov nplaum zoo rau kev ua vaj tse lossis pob zeb txhawb nqa qauv. Hauv kev ua haujlwm sab hauv, tseem tso cov khoom siv, cov tshuaj yas nrog dej tshem tawm nrog cov twj tso kua mis, thiab lwm yam.
Kev txhaj tshuaj ntaub ntawv thiab tshuab
Muaj cov thev naus laus zis waterproofing uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv USSR txij li 30s ntawm XXVEK. Nws siv los ntawm cov qhov hauv cov phab ntsa thiab lub hauv paus uas tso cai rau koj nqus cov khoom daws ntawm lub tsev sab nraud, rau thaj tsam ntawm lub hauv paus thiab av. Yog li waterproof "sarcophagus" yog tsim, thiab sab nraud waterproofing yog rov qab yam tsis tau ua tawm hauv ntiaj teb.
Cov naj npawb ntawm cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev ywg dej uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv dej, cov hau kev rau lawv cov kev daws teeb meem thiab cov nyiaj thov tsis daig los ntawm cov npe saum toj no. Tab sis hais txog qhov no, lub sijhawm tom ntej.
Cov neeg kho Vajtswv tsaug ntawm Atomstroy, "Gidrostroykt", "contsebroekt", "temgesystem", "triaer tuav kev pab hauv kev npaj hauv kev npaj ua haujlwm.