Hom ntaiv, constituting ntsiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv. Muab xam los ntawm cov ntsuas. Tsoos qhov chaw ntawm kev tso ua ntawm ntaiv nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev lossis tsev.
b. Staircase los ntawm precast qhob lauj kaub thiab cov chaw nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm hauv pem teb 2.8m
nyob rau hauv. Txhais caj npab los ntawm hlau cosome
G. Tsim qauv ntawm tus ntaiv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus
Tus Staircase tsis yog pab peb tau txais los ntawm ib chav mus rau lwm qhov. Feem ntau nws dhau los ua ib lub cim ntawm cov qib, piv txwv li, "Kev sib txuas lus Staircase" ... Txoj kev sib txuas lus no tuaj yeem coj peb (hings) lossis qis dua). Qee cov lus qhia ntawm tus ntaiv peb yuav qhia rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm peb cov ntawv xov xwm.
Tus ntaiv, inclined cov phiaj xwm (ramps) thiab lub tshuab nqa khoom (elevators) tau siv rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov plag tsev, cov pa hluav taws xob) thiab cov chav nyob ntawm cov qib sib txawv. Tsuas yog cov ntaiv feem ntau yog siv los ntawm cov tsev. Ntxiv rau cov haujlwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj ib puag ncig lub tsev nyob, cov ntaiv tau muab faib ua: Kev nkag mus lossis hauv tsev; Kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov plag tsev; Ntu, piv txwv li, ua rau hauv qab daus, thiab hauv tsev ib qhov siab ntawm ntau dua 10m- feering, feem ntau nyob rau ntawm lub facade thiab coj mus rau lub ru tsev.
Cov ntaiv yuav tsum yog qhov yooj yim thiab nyab xeeb, muaj qhov tsim nyog bandwidth (dav) hloov cov neeg thaum muaj xwm ceev, nrog rau kev ua kom muaj hluav taws kub kom haum.
Thaum xaiv thiab tsim qauv ua si, lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj ib puag ncig qauv thiab cov duab kos duab ua ke yog qhov tag nrho yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Kev nplij siab nyob hauv tsev, sab hauv nws thaj chaw tseem ceeb, cov muaj pes tsawg ntawm cov fafade yuav feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm qhov chaw, qhov loj me, ua tiav ntawm ntaiv. Tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account los ntawm kev tsim qauv.
Tus Staircase muaj ob lub ntsiab tseem ceeb - platform thiab staircase marches. Cov xaib tau muab faib ua ke rau hauv av, (ntawm qib hauv av) thiab nruab nrab (nruab nrab). Lub Peb Hlis yog qhov ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas sib txuas nrog ob tus ntaiv thiab cia siab rau lawv. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kauj ruam, fortified feem ntau ntawm ob, thiab qee zaum ntawm ib qho nqaj hlau. Yog tias cov kabmob kab teeb yog nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam, lawv hu ua cov duab kos, thiab yog tias ntawm ob sab (xaus). Staircase Marches thiab chaw ua si yuav tsum muaj fencing los ntawm tes, railing, 800-1000mm qhov siab.
Nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm lub marches txuas ob lub tsev nyob ib sab, ob- lossis peb-lossis ntawm lub tsev ntawm cov plag tsev los ntawm 4.2m). Suav nrog daim ntawv ntawm tus ntaiv nyob ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub nkoj thiab cov platform thiab tuaj yeem ua ncaj, nrog kev sib hloov, curvilit, raws li lub hau ntswj, uas qee zaum hu ua kiv cua. Cov khoom xyaw feem ntau ntsib ib tog ib sab lossis ntswj thiab ob-hnub ntaiv.
Cov ntaiv nyob tau ntau qhov chaw, yog li ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse yog kom lawv ntau dua. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, hauv tsev me, lawv feem ntau tau tsim tsis tsuas yog nrog tig thiab tsis muaj kev ua si hauv nruab nrab, tab sis kuj nrog kev ua si. Cov nquab-puab ua raws li ib nrab raws li yog khiav ib leeg nyob rau lwm tus. Txoj kev ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw nqaim (sab hauv ntawm kev sib hloov) qhov dav ntawm theem yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 80 hli, tab sis zoo dua 120 hli.
Kab rov tav lub dav hlau ntawm theem yog hu ua kev npaj, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob txoj kev sib txuas, uas yog sib npaug rau qhov siab ntawm theem. Raws li cov qauv, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv ib lub Staircase Lub Peb Hlis yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 3 thiab tsis ntau tshaj 18. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev coj muaj lub marches thiab nrog cov lej loj. Rau tsev me, xav txog qhov yuav tsum tau txuag chaw, qhov no yog kev daws teeb meem siv tau.
Qhov dav ntawm tus ntaiv taw kev, txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kev sib tw lossis ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau, yuav txwv tsis pub cov neeg mus sib ntsib yuav nyuaj rau riam phom. Kev xyaum tau pom tias hauv kev tsim kho ntiag tug, tus qauv no tsis yog ib txwm hwm (vim muaj thaj chaw me me ntawm thaj chaw). Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis pom zoo kom ua rau lub Peb Hlis Dav ntawm tsawg dua 700mm.
Qhov dav ntawm cov staircase yuav tsum tsis muaj tsawg dua peb lub Peb Hlis, thiab lub ntsiab (yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw yooj yim rau qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm cov qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm cov qhov rooj ntawm cov qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab nce qib (yog tias muaj). Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv tus ntaiv muaj nws txoj hlua khi, uas yog qhov sib piv ntawm lub Peb Hlis mus rau nws lub Peb Hlis Kab rov tav. Thaum nqa tawm, ib tus neeg yuav tsum siv sijhawm li ob zaug ntau dua lub zog dua li thaum tsav tsheb kab rov tav; Qhov nruab nrab kauj ruam yog 570 txog 640 hli. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau khaws cov atherous ib txwm txav ntawm tus ntaiv, nws txoj kab nqes hav uas muaj kwv yees li ntawm 1: 2 hli (kev tsim kho qhov loj me, tau noj cov khoob ntawm 148mm) nrog cov nplaum Dav ntawm 300mm. Lub ob qhov siab ntawm tus riser yog 150 2 = 300 hli thiab qhov dav ntawm cov nplaum - 300 hli nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm tus neeg - 600 hli.
Thaum xaiv thiab tsim qauv ua si, lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj ib puag ncig qauv thiab cov duab kos duab ua ke yog qhov tag nrho yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Hauv kev xyaum ua vaj tse vaj tse, raug txhawb cov qhob ntaiv nrog kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 1: 2 yog feem ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, dua li ntawm lawv, ntau ntxhab stairs tau siv dav hauv lub tsev me (shapal 1: 1.75 thiab txawm tias muaj ntau lub square. Qhov siab ntawm cov risers ntawm cov ntaiv ntawd tuaj yeem 180-190mm thiab ntau dua, thiab qhov dav dav yog nyob - 250 hli thiab tsawg dua. Tus ntaiv coj mus rau hauv qab daus lossis nthab yuav muaj 1: 1 nqes hav, uas yog, 45.
Txog kev yooj yim ntawm kev taug kev ncig ntawm ntaiv, pov tseg yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua li tus taw ntawm tus neeg. Qhov nce nyob hauv qhov dav ntawm theem ntawm 30-50mm tuaj yeem ua tiav vim muaj kev nkag mus lossis cov menyuam tso cov opponse.
Cov ntaiv yog nrog cov kauj ruam zeb (feem ntau hauv cov tsev qub, nrog rau sab nraum zoov, nkag mus), cov qhob pob zeb, ntoo thiab hlau. Nws suav nrog cov hluav taws-facade, nrog rau cov ntaiv nrog cov kab hlau ua ke lossis cov nkoj loj lossis cov hlau, cov hlau, pob zeb ua kom ntev dua 1.05 m txhawb cov qhob) los yog los ntawm pob zeb pob zeb. Tsis hais txog ntawm cov khoom siv, cov kev tswj hwm thauj khoom ntawm cov ntaiv rau cov tsev nyob yuav tsum yog 300 kg / m2.
Hauv kev coj ua ntawm kev tsim kho niaj hnub, tsim qauv ntawm cov ntaiv yog nqa tawm feem ntau yog los ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa cov pob zeb ua, suav rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov qauv theem 2, 70; 2.80; 3.00; 3.30m thiab ntau dua. Qhov kev lag luam thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom thiab teeb tsa ntawm ob-kev ua si loj-khoom loj staircase, muaj ob hom kev taug kev mus ncig ua si thiab ob qho chaw. Nws yog ua los ntawm hom 200 qhob nrog txhawb welded thav ntawv thiab hlau. Lub Peb Hlis muaj ob lub cosomes thiab theem pw rau ntawm lawv, uas yog pwm ntawm lub Hoobkas ntawm kev siv khoom lag luam rau hauv ib qho khoom lag luam. Txog kev yooj yim ntawm kev tso tawm cov nkoj thiab cov khoom siv, kev tsheb nqaj hlau nruab nrab ntawm lawv tawm ntawm Gap 100mm. Tus ntaiv tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub phaj ciam teb nrog rau cov npoo, uas yog raws li ob tus ntaiv Lub Peb Hlis (mus txog thiab sau). Machi thiab platform kuj txuas mus rau vuam daim ntawv qiv nyiaj. Cov ntaiv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ob sab feem ntau muaj cov kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb - "pob ntseg", uas yog ua raws cov zes nyob hauv cov ntaiv ntawm lub staircase. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub xaib contours dag ntawm cov hlau "cov rooj hais tshwj xeeb nyob hauv cov phab ntsa.
Staircase Marches thiab cov chaw tuaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau kev tsim kho thaj chaw nrog cov kauj ruam lim kom huv. Txhawm rau pab tau dav ntawm cov staircase yuav txo qis, cov paib hlau rau cov vuam laj kab yog tso rau sab. Nrog dav staircase marches (1200mm lossis ntau dua), cov hlau khib nyiab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa hauv cov txee hauv cov lus tshaj tawm hauv cov lus tshaj tawm hauv cov lus no thiab cov chaw. Tom qab ntawd zes yog ntim nrog xis mas cug. Muaj kev tsim kho ntawm cov ntaiv nrog cov neeg siv nyiaj, mosaic lossis cov vuas luaj, tuaj. Cov ntsiab no yog muab tso rau ntawm kev daws tom qab txhim kho cov kauj ruam.
Prefabricated ntaiv uas tau xa mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho nrog cov kauj ruam sib cais thiab cov teeb tsa thaum lub sijhawm kev tsim kho yuav tsum tau txais kev cawmdim nrog cov ntawv lossis npog nrog cov laug cam. Cov txheej txheem sab nraud feem ntau yog muab rau cov phiaj xwm. Kev siv ntawm kev siv ua vaj tse loj uas muaj cov theem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom ua ke ntawm cov khoom ua ke nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau muaj cov cim txuas ntxiv.
Hauv cov tsev ntawm cov hom me me, tus ntaiv tsis yog ib txwm tsim nyog nkag mus rau hauv tus ntaiv. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua chav nyob ze rau qhov tawm mus, cov pej xeem ntawm lub tsev yog me me, txhawm rau thov cov cranes loj uas yuav tsum tau siv cov cranes uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nqa tau ntau tshaj 1.5t , tsis yog ib txwm nyiam.
Ntau meej meej thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj, qhib ntaiv ntawm ntau qhov ntev thiab cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muaj kuab heev thiab zoo nkauj. Cov kab mob dej, lawv yuav muaj cov cosomes cais, hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, dav ntxiv, zoo li los ntawm cov kauj ruam, qhov cub thiab qhovcub thiab qhovcub ntawm cov ntaiv. Reinforced pob zeb thiab ntoo me me-cov qauv tsim ntawm ntaiv tau siv nyob rau hauv qis-kev tsim kho, thaum cov kais dej nrog rau 500kg siv. Muaj tseeb, kev tsim kho ntawm cov ntaiv ntawd yuav tsum tau cov nqi zog tseem ceeb thiab lawv yog kim dua li 40%.
Nyob rau hauv me me-ensced qhob stairs stairs stairs, yog muab tso rau los ntawm ob lub rostters, lossis ib qho los ntawm ib qho, nyob ntawm tus axis longitudinal ntawm lub Peb Hlis. Sab hauv lub Peb Hlis, lub Peb Hlis tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntaiv, hu ua los ntawm. Los ntawm qhov ntawm qhov ua tiav, nyob rau hauv ntev thiab qhov siab, lawv tsis txawv ntawm cov kauj ruam loj. Qhov dav ntawm cov kauj ruam los ntawm cov kauj ruam yog tsawg dua qhov yooj yim, raws li lawv ua feem ntawm cov boosters, ib nrab ntawm cov teeb ci. Siv los txhawb ua vaj tse booter thiab kab teeb muaj cov plaub fab crosser. Rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cosomes nyob rau hauv thaj chaw kab teeb tau txaus siab rau lub zes.
Nyob rau hauv cib thiab ob zaj dab neeg (qee zaum peb-zaj dab neeg) tsev me me rau sab hauv tsev, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsis yog kev sib txuas lus, tab sis kuj yog kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov yooj yim thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntaiv tuaj yeem muab cov theem pib qis dua, ib qho kev tiv thaiv me ntsis ntawm lub Peb Hlis Ntuj dav (piv txwv li, oval hais txog). Nws feem ntau tsim cov khib nyiab khib, zoo nkauj dua cov qauv dua li cov uas tau ntsia rau lwm cov kauj ruam.
Cov ntaiv ntoo yog qhov ua tau los ntawm cov ntoo qhib, larch lossis ntoo thuv. Wood noj mos thiab yooj yim dheev, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv tsuas yog rau cov kosomrov. Ntoo stairs feem ntau tsis tas yuav muaj lub hauv paus loj. Hauv qab, tag nrho cov ntaiv yog khov kho raws li kev txhawb nqa cov kab teeb ci lossis cov nplais ntawm kev sib tshooj thiab txhim kho lub qab nthab complap tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum hauv pem teb, tus ntaiv tsis tuaj yeem txuas nrog. Kosomers thiab cov lag luam ua 50-70mm tuab tuab cam khwb, tsis tsawg dua 200 hli dav. Kososee stairs tau yooj yim dua hauv cov cuab yeej thiab, tej zaum, zoo nkauj dua. Tsaug zog los ntawm cov khoom lossis ob daim hlau loj me nrog cov tuab ntawm 30-50mm, tso rau ntawm daim duab hluav taws xob (hlau), txuas rau kosomers, lossis ntsia rau ntawm kev txiav ntoo hauv lub cosos. Qhov xaus ntawm cov qib nyob tos thiab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ua tiav. Cov riswm tuaj yeem ua kom tuab 18-25mm. Cov laug cam zoo dua rau txuas cov screws thiab kua nplaum, vim cov ntsia hlau txuas tsis muaj zog nrog lub sijhawm.
Nyob rau hauv cov apparatus, nyob sab hauv, muaj kev txiav-hauv-grooves ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 20-25mm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kauj ruam uas tab tom tawm thiab risers yog tso. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib dhos, qhov zawj yuav tsum tau txiav los ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau hauv qab los yog sab sauv ntawm tes. Koj tuaj yeem yob cov kauj ruam mus rau kev loj hlob thiab nrog kev pab ntawm slats, cov ces kaum.
Lub zog muaj zog dua, cov taper yog qee zaum ua kom nruj nrog cov pluaj lossis pas nrig nrog txoj kab uas hla 12 hli. Lub laj kab ntawm tus ntaiv (cov tsheb ciav hlau) yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, teev nyob rau ntawm ob sab (yog tias tsis muaj ob lossis ob qho tib si uas muaj teeb meem lossis lwm yam nrog cov ntoo yas. Ua raws li kev tsim sab hauv, lub hom phiaj staircase tej zaum yuav pob tshab, piv txwv li, lossis cov nplais lag ntseg-plaster. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog tsim los ntawm cov kev txuas ntawm cov hlau lossis ntoo ntoo ntoo, tsau los ntawm racks rau hauv qab thiab cov kauj ruam sab saum toj.
Machi thiab Platforms los ntawm hauv qab no tuaj yeem qhib, txuas los ntawm cov laug cam lossis plastered.
Qhov twg yog nws zoo dua tso rau sab hauv staircase ntawm lub tsev me?
Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev kom tso cov staircase loj hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev. Hauv qhov no, chav nyob yog nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud, thiab nqa raws tus ntaiv thiab nqa mus rau saum nthab tau muaj thiab xis nyob. Feem ntau raws li cov kws kho vajtse thiab sib sau ua ke, tus ntaiv tau muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa sab nraud, tab sis qhov kawg ntawm thaj chaw tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau siv rau chav nyob nrog lub qhov rais.
Tus Staircase zoo heev tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub chaw tos txais lossis ib chav nyob, ib qho chaw nyob, tshwj xeeb yog muab rau nws hauv chav tsev siab dua thiab ntse. Xws li tus staircase nrog kov cov kev yuav muaj raws li daim ntawv ntawm tsab ntawv dav dav "P" lossis "G". Raug rho tawm cov kauj ruam, uas yog, nyob hauv lub tsev me peculiar ntawm lub tsev me, piv txwv cov qauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem.
Tso cov ntaiv ntawm Veranda tuaj yeem pom zoo yog tias cov chav txias yog ua haujlwm rau sab saum toj.
Hauv cov tsev ntawm lub nthab hom ntawm qab nthab sab saum toj ntawm staircase, koj tuaj yeem sib txuas lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev. Lub teeb ci lossis khoom qab zib staircase, coj los ntawm chav tsev thib ob nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lossis nthab, feem ntau tsis nyob deb ntawm nws thiab tso cov teeb ntawm kev sib tshooj.
Tsev me yog siv ntau heev hauv European lub teb chaws thiab tau thov los ntawm ntau cov tuam txhab ntsia hlau, nrog rau kiv cua ntaiv. Lawv nyob hauv chav me me ntawm qhov chaw, tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav, pheej yig thiab zoo nkauj, tab sis thaum kev txhim kho yuav tsum muaj kev tsim nyog ntawm cov masters. Cov cab kuj ntawm kev txhawb nqa hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsia hlau staircase feem ntau yog welded lossis fastened nrog lwm tus txiv ntoo zoo li 700mm thiab ntau dua. Muaj cov hlau stainless nrog cov hlau ntxig sab qaum teb, ntoo lossis yas. Qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav tsis yog, thiab cov kauj ruam ntawm cov kauj ruam yog txuas rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau lossis mus rau hauv phab ntsa uas muab kaw.
Cov kauj ruam ntawm cov kiv cua staircase (ntoo lossis pob zeb ua ke) yog nyob ib puag ncig ntawm ib qho kawg nkaus, thiab lub ntsej muag nqaim, thiab phab ntsa dav dav. Cov kab mob zoo rau nqis mus rau hauv qab daus lossis nqa tawm hauv av me me, nws muaj peev xwm siv tau 60 lossis ntau dua) ntaiv lossis txawm raug tshem tawm. Hom khoom siv tau zoo sib xws yog hom "os (Goose) Kauj Ruam" Ntaus rau sab laug thiab sab nraud rau ntawm theem nyob rau txhua kis. Ib daim duab txiav tawm, hauv ntau hom 300 hli dav, University-University-University-12-150mm, yog tsim los txhawb ob txhais ceg tsuas yog nyob dav ib nrab ntawm theem. Cov kauj ruam, theej, tsuas yog nplaum, so ntawm cov twj lossis ntoo lossis hlau boosters.
Hauv cov kab lus "lub tsev thiab cov phiaj xwm", koj tau txais kev pab cuam uas tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev, tau txais cov kev tsim qauv ntawm lub tsev, tau txais cov tsev kawm tshaj lij ntawm kev xaiv thiab nws cov khoom siv. Yog tias txhua yam zoo li tsis meej, nyuaj, sim dua saib cov lus luam tawm thaum ntxov. Tej zaum nws yuav muab koj txoj kev pab koj ua tau, yuav ua rau muaj kev cia siab thiab zoo ntawm koj lub tsev.