Dab tsi yog hluav taws xob txhim kho ntawm cov tsev apartment, nws yuav tsum yog dab tsi, cov qauv ntawm kev teeb hluav taws xob kom tsim nyog, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
A- Cib,
Bar,
Twv
Nws tau paub tias ib xyoos ib zaug nyob ib puag ncig peb tau txais khoom plig ntawm kev hais lus. Hmo ntuj Christmas nyob rau hauv cov tsev apartment, qhov chaw overhaul tsuas yog xaus, poob nthav tau hais tseg. Txij li peb txhua tus hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho tsev thiab kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg siv hluav taws xob, rau cov lus qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov yawg koob hauv cov kev siv hluav taws xob ua rau muaj kev mloog
Ntawm lub hybrid "Zaporozhets" thiab "Mercedes"
Koj puas paub feem ntau nco tau tshaj plaws uas nyob rau hauv 60s ntawm Moscow fais fab hluav taws xob tau tsim nrog kwv yees li ntawm ib chav tsev hauv 1000W, thiab hauv nroog nrog 1 lab, 800W? Kom txog thaum cov pej xeem tau cov ntsiab lus nrog peb-tsib fttifric qhov muag teev, cov tub yees txias uas tsis muaj zog yog hlau, yog tias nws yog hluav taws xob, tsis muaj teeb meem loj. Cov tub sab thiab kev tshav ntuj xaus thaum chav tsev rau "cua" txij li 200 txog 1000kw ib hlis. Lub zog siv ntawm ib txhij ua haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub no muaj ntau zaus cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub tsev qub yog nyob rau hauv "txheej txheem qub". Cov xov hlau hauv daim ntaub rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhib hauv "Communals" thiab cov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg laus- thiab tam sim no tsis yooj yim. Watih lub tsev yog tshwj tseg cov kab fais fab sib zog, thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntau niaj hnub tau tsim los txuas rau peb-xaim kab muaj tus neeg tiv thaiv xoom. Kev xau dej thiab cov voj voog luv luv nyob rau hauv xws li tes hauj lwm- li qub. Tias yog vim li cas cov neeg hluav taws thiab cov neeg muaj feem ntawm cov neeg siv hluav taws xob hauv chav tsev ua tom qab kev ua tsov ua rog thiab hauv 60s xyoo tsis ntev los no tau nce ntxiv.Yuav ua li cas yog cov tswv ntawm cov "Stalinist" cov chav, qhov twg yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv tsev? Kuv tsis zais, txawm tias lawv cov hluav taws xob teeb tau muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim, qhov xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tsis tshem tawm los ntawm qhov no. Nrog rau ib txhij, lawv tau muab rau yam tsis muaj lub teeb, nws tuaj yeem nyob tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv tsis siv neeg nce rau hauv kev nkag mus hauv lub tsev.
Oddly txaus, ntau tus tswv ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig feem ntau qhia kev saib xyuas tsis zoo thaum lawv ua haujlwm. Azry ... Kuv paub tseeb tias tsis muaj leej twg yuav muaj peev xwm mus rau "Zaporozhet" yog tias muaj mercedes hauv chav nres tsheb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob lub tsheb, cov chaw tsim khoom tsis paub lub tsheb uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev lag luam, lossis cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, cov chav tsev muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem pom ntau heev. Ntseeg kuv, qhov kev tshwm sim no tsis txaus ntshai thiab txaus ntshai vim txoj kev caij ntawm "Lavxias" ntawm "Zaporozhet" ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov tsheb txawv teb chaws.
Nws yog lub sijhawm los nco koj tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov xov hlau, cov xov hlau (thiav ) npaj rau kev hloov pauv hloov dua siab tshiab, kev hloov pauv, kis tau thiab faib khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Dab tsi yog "lub hauv paus ntawm kev phem" thiab yuav ua li cas nrog nws?
Kev phom sij sawv cev rau sab nraud lossis cov qauv teeb hluav taws xob tsis raug. Piv txwv li, cov hluav taws xob muab cov hluav taws xob muab cov chav hluav taws xob nce ntxiv kom pom zoo li ib txwm muaj, nws xav tias muaj cov pawg sib txawv, saunas, cov pab pawg txuas ntxiv hauv chav. Lub caij no, nrog kev tsim kho ntawm cov chav tsev, cov saw ib leeg feem ntau txuas nrog "Voj" (ua ntu zus). Nws yog qhov tsis zoo thiab tsim cov teeb meem tsis tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tua ib qho ntawm txoj saw hlau, cia peb hais cov rosette pawg hauv chav ua noj, tsis muaj tus tuav txhua lub tsev. Ua tiav thiab ze li tsis yog Pave peb-lub sijhawm (hnub no yuav tsum tau) los ntawm cov lus tawm hauv lub ntsej muag (pab pawg) kom ntsaws cov bockets thiab teeb txawb. Tus neeg saib xyuas tsis muaj ib ntu sib luag. Tus Xoom Tiv Thaiv thiab xoom ua haujlwm qhia yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm daim ntaub thaiv ntawm ib tus pin clamp. Classure Clamps yuav tsum yog ob, thiab lawv tau txuas los ntawm Jumper, tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "hlawv" (nrog rau lub luv luv Circuit Court) ib ntawm lawv, thib ob ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kab kev tiv thaiv. Tsis nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev, lub tsev hauv av yog ua kom raug thiab cov haujlwm ntseeg tau.
Electrosk lossis hluav taws xob hluav taws xob?
Yuav luag txhua cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, nrog rau tshwj xeeb ntawm ob lub yas yas rwb thaiv cov khoom siv nrog khij hauv daim ntawv kos npe
Cov ntaub ntawv faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov tsev apartment tsim nyog nce siab. Kev ua tsis raws li cov xyoo dhau los, nws yog kev coj ua los nruab cov ntaub thaiv npog, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog sab nraum cov tsev. Nyob rau hauv kev xav tau lub sijhawm tsis zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntseeg tau nrhiav lub tshuab hloov pauv ntawm cov av, thiab tag nrho cov tshuab tiv thaiv tsis siv neeg los ntawm sab hauv chav tsev.
Dab tsi yuav tsum yog chav ua haujlwm ntaub thaiv npog? Ua ntej, muaj lub tsev fuabtais ruaj khov. Thib ob, kom raug dav los nruab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thiab kev tswj hwm thiab sim, feem ntau, yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm hluav taws xob. Plaub, kev ua kom zoo nkauj. High-zoo flaps tsim ABB (Switzerland), LEGRAND (Fabkis), Spelsberg, Shanidany), Svetolyux (Russia).
Hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, nruab nrab yam tsis tau noj rau hauv tus account niaj hnub xav tau, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj cov khoom siv tshiab thiab tsis muaj kev xaiv. Forwards Cov Queue Cov Cuab Yeej Tiv Thaiv Cov Khoom Tiv Thaiv thiab Circuit Court tej foob thiab cov hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab hluav taws. Tsev neeg siv Uzos uas hnov mob to taub dej ntawm 30mA, rau 0.03rseconds disconnect hluav taws xob thaum kov ib tus neeg mus rau qhov chaw tam sim no. Qhov kom zoo dua yuav tsum muab rau electromechanical feem koj tuaj yeem ntseeg ntau dua hluav taws xob. Hauv kev coj ua, tsev neeg ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv tsev los ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob ojsc (Trading Mark (Trading Mark "UNO") tau ua pov thawj zoo.
Kev tiv thaiv cov tshuab tiv thaiv yog qhov sib tw luv luv ntawm lub network thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom hluav taws xob feem ntau. Kev ntseeg siab thiab ua tau zoo yog txawv los ntawm Abb, Siemens, Hager (Lub teb chaws Yelemees), Lugran. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo yog tsim hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai abb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev yuav tsum muaj "B" thiab "C" rau vaj tse.
Tab sis txawm "cov khoom siv" tsis ua haujlwm "hauv txoj kev ntseeg zoo" yog tias lawv tau teeb tsa tsis yog los ntawm lub tswv yim zoo. Qhov laj thawj yog tias txawm nyob hauv cov khoom lag luam hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm, muaj qee zaum ob leeg ua kom pom zoo rau ntawm lawv cov kev teeb tsa thiab kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, nws tau npaj siab muab koj ua UDO tsuas yog nkag mus rau hauv chav tsev. Xav tias koj tau lwj ib qho xov tooj hluav taws xob (nws pib hais lus, thiab yog li ntawd lub to tourents ururs). Hauv qhov no, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yuav kaw hluav taws xob thoob plaws hauv chav tsev, thiab lub tub yees kom tsis haum thiab cov neeg siv hluav taws xob tau nyob ntawm lub network txhais. Thiaj li, Uzo hauv chav tsev niaj hnub yuav tsum yog ob qho kev pom zoo, xws li cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Yog hais tias tshuab hluav taws xob, yog tias muaj lwm yam hluav taws xob-ntaus ntawv yog faulty, tus ntaus ntawv Yuav muab ib feem ntawm cov saw hlau, hluav taws xob teeb hluav taws xob ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm. Tus Udo tuaj yeem nyob ruaj raws li cov apparatus (ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, ua ke nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob) thiab ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob (jacuzzi) lossis hauv nws cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, tov khoom, nqus tsev, nqus). Raws li cov kev cai qub, cov thom khwm hauv chav dej tau nruab tsuas yog siv cov transformer, lub zog uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm suav nrog hauv lawv tsuas yog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshwj tseg. Tam sim no, raws li cov cai tshiab rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob ua haujlwm, tab sis nruab nrog hluav taws xob tsis muaj kev sib cais nrog cov koog muaj cov av noo nyob hauv siab. Cov khoom tiv thaiv yooj yim teeb meem los daws teeb meem hluav taws xob ntawm chav tsev. Hais txog yuav ua li cas nws ua tiav kev ua tiav, peb yuav qhia nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm. Tus nqi ntawm electromechanical RCD yog $ 30-50, tiv thaiv automatai- $ 5-15, chav tsev flaps- $ 17-30.
Feem ntau, cov ntaub qhwv zais yog nteg hauv cov chav tsev. Nrog rau cov tshuab thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj, cov xaim yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov channel hauv phab ntsa thiab ib qho tshiab yog ncua nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Yog tias cov hlau qub txhais los yog daig hauv cov channel, ces koj yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm phab ntsa. Xav txog lub neej tom ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj kev sib tw ua haujlwm, siv cov xov tooj hluav taws xob, cov thawv hluav taws xob, cov kab collecinyl chloride xaim, zoo sib txuas kev sib txuas rau lub terminals. Lawv txuas lub neej pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cia koj yooj yim hloov lawv. Kev cob qhia ntawm cov neeg siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov xaim tooj cais (saib Naiser), Wago sib txuas cov chav kawm (Lub teb chaws Yelemees) thiab ntauwd (England).
Niaj hnub no, yas cable channels tau ua ntau zuj zus, uas koj tuaj yeem yooj yim Pave qhib kev sib tw mus rau txhua chav. Txawm li cas los xij, kws tsim khoom thiab cov neeg tsim qauv yog los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias kub txhawb nqa ntawm lawv cov kev siv Ubiquitous. Sesttic taw tes ntawm saib cable channels tsis yog ib txwm siv tau thiab tsis nyob txhua qhov chaw. Kev pom kev ntsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim qauv ua haujlwm, txawm hais tias lawv tau teeb tsa hauv cov chav tsev. Daim ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm German muaj Plhin Cable Raws, nyob rau hauv uas, nrog rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, yas kav dej yog tso rau hauv ib daim ntawv sib cais ntawm plinth. Kev siv cov plastins yas ntawm Rehau, ORGRAND, thorsman (Norway Cable raws) ua rau kev siv hluav taws xob, yog tias tsim nyog, hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob. Yog tias lawv cov tsos tsis mus rau hauv ib ntu nrog koj cov tswv yim hais txog kev ua kom zoo nkauj, txhob siv lawv rau cov xaim sab hauv chav tsev.
Kev sab laj ntawm tus kws tshaj lij
Tus neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb sciences v.K.monakov cov lus pom ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov av hauv av. Kev faib tawm lawv cov hom yog nthuav tawm hauv Qhua R50571 "hluav taws xob nruab ntawm cov tsev", clause 312.2.Muaj cov khoos phis tawm hauv qab no: Tn-s., Tn-s., Tn-s-s, Tt., Nws.
Thawj tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv kev tsim qauv txiav txim qhov xwm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob: T. - Kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm nruab nrab fais fab muab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb; I. - Txhua qhov chaw tam sim no yog cais tawm hauv av.
Tsab ntawv thib ob txiav txim siab qhov kev pom ntawm qhov qhib kev coj ua ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub tsev: T. - Qhov kev sib txuas tam sim ntawm qhov qhib kev coj ua ntawm hluav taws xob hauv lub tsev nrog lub ntiaj teb, tsis hais txog ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob; N. - Txuas ncaj qha ntawm kev qhib qhov kev coj ua ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub tsev nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov av fais fab mov.
Tom qab N. Cov ntawv txiav txim siab qhov kev txuas no, txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntaus ntawv ntawm PES TSAWG Tiv Thaiv thiab xoom ua haujlwm xyuas cov neeg xyuas chaw haujlwm: S. - Cov nuj nqi ntawm Xoom Tiv Thaiv ( Pe Tus neeg ua haujlwm xoom ( N. ) Cov neeg saib xyuas yog muab los ntawm cov cais khoom; Ntawm - Cov haujlwm ntawm xoom tiv thaiv thiab xoom ua haujlwm yog muab nrog ib tus neeg saib xyuas ib txwm muaj ( Cwj mem.).
Hauv tebchaws Russia, mus txog tam sim no lub system siv Tn-s. uas cov qhib kev coj ua ntawm cov hluav taws xob teeb tsa (vaj tse, cov tsev tshiab) tau txuas nrog cov chaw ua haujlwm nruab nrab los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm. Cwj mem. ) - "Raws". Cov kab ke no kuj yooj yim thiab pheej yig. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muab cov theem tsim nyog ntawm hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb.
Hauv System Tn-s. Feem ntau thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, txhua qhov qhib cov khoom ntawm lub tsev tau txuas los ntawm ib tug neeg tua neeg tshwj xeeb ( Pe ) ncaj qha nrog cov chaw nruab nrab nruab nrab.
Hauv System Tn-s-s Hauv cov cuab yeej ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, cov qauv sib dhos xoom tiv thaiv thiab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ( Cwj mem. ) tau muab faib ua xoom tiv thaiv ( Pe ) Thiab ua haujlwm xoom ( N. ) Kev tshawb nrhiav. Hauv qhov no, hauv cov hluav taws xob installation, tus neeg tiv thaiv xoom ( Pe ) Txuas nrog tag nrho cov kev coj ua qhib tshiab tam sim no thiab tuaj yeem rov qab ua av, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm xoom ( N. ) Yuav tsum tsis muaj chaw sib txuas nrog lub ntiaj teb. Qhov kev cog lus tshaj plaws rau peb lub teb chaws yog lub kaw lus Tn-s-s Tso cai kom muab theem siab ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yam tsis muaj lawv cov cag ntoo.
Cov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb! Hauv tshuab ground Tn-s. thiab Tn-s-s Qhov hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom yog muab los ntawm cov kev siv hluav taws xob yog muab los ntawm kev thov cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hauv lawv yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo nkauj thiab siv hluav taws xob zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.
Miser them ob zaug
Ntau tus tswv ntawm cov chav tsev tsim khoom dua los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cov khoom lag luam tau lawv, tsis them nyiaj rau qhov zoo. Ntawm txee cia khoom siv ntau pua pua ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov hloov pauv, cov khoom lag luam thiab lwm yam khoom, tsim ntau yam qauv thiab tsim qauv. Sab nraud, ib qho hluav taws xob sib npaug ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm Siemens tuaj yeem raug nqi peb lossis plaub zaug dua cov khoom kim dua Turkish. Hauv txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam, cov socket) ntawm German lub tuam txhab Jung yog ntau dua. Nws yog tseeb rau qhov nyuaj ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom uas tsis paub dab tsi los muab nyiam. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, raws li txoj cai, sib raug rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, thaum muaj kev sib tiv tauj tsis tiav ntawm cov pins ntawm cov diav rawg thiab cov rosette cov chav kawm, sparking tshwm sim thiab kub faib. High-zoo ntshuam yas yog zoo nqa tawm thiab hloov nws ntau ntawm cov phab ntsa, vim tias lub qhov muag tsis overheat thiab tsis swb. Los ntawm kev yuav cov khoom siv pheej yig ntawm polish lossis belarusian ntau lawm, tshwj xeeb yog tias lub zog hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb yog cov hluav taws xob muaj zog, piv txwv li, ci lossis boiler. Nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom paub tseeb tias qhov "tshuav" cov thom khwm thiab lub khawm hloov pauv rau lub zog ntawm qhov tam sim no uas tau qhia rau lawv daim ntawv lo. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog cov xov hluav taws xob thiab cov cab kuj. Tsis yog tus kws tshaj tawm hla ntu hauv cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob hauv tsev feem ntau tsawg dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, qhov zoo ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov xov hlau ntau npaum li cas kom xav tau. VC nrog cov xov hlau ntawm polish thiab turkish ntau lawm, qhov feem pua ntawm luv luv hluav taws xob yog siab dua hauv kev ua hauv tsev. Nws yuav tsum paub tias ntxiv rau daim ntawv pov thawj zoo, txhua hom hlau (zoo li UZO) yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws kev nyab xeeb.
Ib yam li laser discs thiab khau ntaub, Suav, polish, Turkish cov khoom lag luam luam cov khoom siv luam cov khoom siv zoo-paub. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm tus thawj. Yog li ntawd, yuav cov khoom ntawm hom no hauv cov khw tshwj xeeb lossis cov tsev ua lag luam lossis cov tsev ua lag luam ua lag luam tau tso cai thiab lub koob npe zoo.
Piv txwv koj tau tswj hwm rau nws tus kheej coj cov hluav taws xob teeb tsa rau cov tsiaj zoo tshaj plaws hauv chav tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv nws. Qhov tseeb yog tias C1995 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog uas muaj kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev tswj hwm (saib peb cov ntawv xov xwm.). Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ua tiav rau kev tsim kho hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsum tau koom tes nrog txoj haujlwm, uas tuaj yeem raug cai tsuas yog muaj daim ntawv tso cai uas tsim nyog tau ua tiav tsuas yog tsoomfwv hauv lub xeev lub cav. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev xeem, koj yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj hauv ib qho ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj lees paub. Puas yog tsis muaj yooj yim dua, txuag lub sijhawm thiab maj cov haujlwm uas ua haujlwm thiab siv hluav taws xob "thiab yuav muab koj cov ntaub ntawv xav tau?
Yog li, lub zog muab ntawm koj chav tsev tau ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawm hluav taws xob daws teeb meem, tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm cov cai uas muaj kev sib raug zoo. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob ua rau kev poob siab txawm tias yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm connoisse Lawv khib koj thiab sim qog. Kev vam meej, txawm li cas los xij, yog syliminated, thiab cov tswv yim hais txog kev txhawb nqa nrog cov kev qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev hloov tshiab hloov yuav luag txhua hnub. Nws yog tau tias tag kis koj yuav xav ua hauv cov tsev apartment lwm qhov kev xav ntawm hluav taws xob. Puas yog koj lub intralical installation rau cov kev hloov pauv tom ntej? Thiab puas muaj kev txwv ntawm lub tsev nyob ua ke nrog kev pab tshuab thiab khoom siv? Nws ua rau kev nkag siab txog cov teeb meem no, pib tsim cov hluav taws xob kev teeb tsa, peb yuav tham txog nws dua ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm peb cov ntawv xov xwm.