Yim txoj kev xaiv rau kev txhim kho ntawm peb chav pw chav pw nrog tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm 81 M2 hauv "Harvonic" Crick Ntauwd.
Lub sijhawm no, kws tsim vajtse ua haujlwm nrog peb chav pw chav pw nrog tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm 81m2 tsis tshua npaj txhij. Nta - Txoj Kev Sib Tw Ntev Ntev nrog lub qhov rais. Cov chav tsev nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cib "dav dav" ntawm cov tsev tsim kev tsim ntawm 80s
Ua ntej ua tiav nrog kev tsim kho dua tshiab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tau nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cov qauv tsim kev kawm paub txog lub xeev tsim ntawm koj lub tsev. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsim nyog los daws cov kev txhim kho los ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv commissional.
Nyob geometry
Txoj haujlwm no npaj siab hloov ib qhov chaw ntev ntev rau hauv cov niaj hnub zoo siab thiab kev ywj pheej sab hauv.
Txoj kev npaj khomob qhia tau tias cov tsev nyob tau muab faib ua ntau hom zauv uas siv cov duab geometric. Txoj kev hauv tsev-square. Thawj qhov uas nkag mus hauv lub tsev pom yog lub teeb los ntawm lub rooj txee. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tsawg tsawg rau Moscow House. Txee txee. Puag ncig chav nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav tsev. Daim iav Slived qhia cais tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub tsev los ntawm cov fuss dav dav. Ntawm no thiab lub rooj zaum thiab lub rooj zaum yog qhov chaw rau kev sib tham thiab nyeem ntawv. Txoj kev txhim kho kab. Los ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub txee - parquet taug qab thiab ua kom qab nthab, uas tau xa mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv. Nyob-Peb Sab Twb pom ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev. Qhov no yog loj, dawb ntawm cov rooj tog zaum ntxiv. Rau lub qhov rai loj loj-glazed loggia thiab lub tsev cog khoom me me. Zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum xis, koj tuaj yeem saib TV, nyob rau ntawm txee ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm. Aza neu- Chav ua noj trapezium. Zoo, yog tias cov qhua tuaj, lub rooj sliding yuav yooj yim haum rau qhov chaw uas tus hostess yuav xav tau.
Sai sai ntawm cov chav tsev ua Hall-voos. Nov yog peb lub qhov rooj: rau ib chav tsev qhua. Hauv kev sib piv, lub txee rau lub tshuab nqus tsev, mop, tshuab xaws, tshuab xaws, txhua yam uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov fab. Qhov rooj nyob ze chav pw. Tsis muaj cov khaub ncaws ntxiv, txaj, cov rooj ntoo khaub ncaws. Los ntawm chav pw koj tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv chav dej. Nyob rau hauv qab nthab "hlawv" cov plaub fab ntawm cov iav cov kab yog lub teeb los ntawm lub rooj txee. Vuas kos duab ib txwm pom lub Puam Phuam.
Ib sab nyob ib sab. Lub rooj me me los ntawm lub qhov rais yog lub teeb ntawm sab laug, raws li nws yuav tsum yog. Ze rau ntawm lub txee dai khaub ncaws. Thug-kev ua kis las ua si thiab, tau kawg, khib rau cov khoom ua si. Chav tsev no yuav yooj yim yog tsev neeg ntawm peb (NIAM, txiv thiab menyuam).
| Kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm | Lub npe ntawm thaj chaw | Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm | Orient. Mater mater thiab qhev, $ / m2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lub qab ntuas | Chav nyob, chav ua noj, chav dej | Plaster Ceilings nrog ib qho sib xyaw sib xyaw. | 50-90. |
| Sib tsoo nto. | |||
| Impregnated nrog dej dispersion daws. | |||
| Teb | Cov chav nyob, chav dej, chav tsev, chav ua noj | Maas screed ntaus ntawv. | 70-120 |
| Kev npaj rau parquet. | |||
| Flooring Tarkett. | |||
| Pem Teb Cov Vuas Vuas Vuas | |||
| Phab ntsa | Cov chav nyob, chav dej, chav tsev, chav ua noj | Kev tsim kho cov kab mob cib. | 170-200 |
| Taug kev partitions. | |||
| Thaum kawg muab tso rau saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa. | |||
| Impregnation nrog dej-dispersion daws | |||
| Lub qhov rooj | Nkag, cuam tshuam | Installation ntawm lub qhov rooj hlau raug. | 40-70 |
| Installation ntawm cov thaiv qhov rooj ntawm cov sib tshooj, installation ntawm platbands | |||
| Qhov rai sills | Txhim kho cov qhov rais | 90-130 | |
| Lub qhov rai | Qhov Rai-Hlau Khoom | ||
| Hluav taws xob | Wiring daim ntawv lo nrog mounting cov thom khwm thiab hloov pauv | 35-55 | |
| Dej Kav | Gasket ntawm cov dej mov thiab dej phwj tuaj, installation ntawm cov kav dej | 45-75 | |
| Lub tshuab nqus dej | |||
| Tus nqi tsim kho ntawm cov tsev apartment hauv kev sib hais haum ntawm ib lub meter 'square | 500-740. |
Taug kev ntawm lub ntiaj teb
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim kho dua tshiab yog kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub hnub ci nrog nws lub ntiaj teb thiab cosmic cev. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov chav tsev tag nrho yog tsim rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov hluav taws xob nrog cov duab hluav taws xob. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws "kev lag luam" geometric, yog li ntawd, hauv txoj haujlwm no, nws tau muab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho.
Qhov kev xav tau npaj tau tsim rau tsev neeg hluas ntawm peb. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tau muab rau peb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws "hauv chav tsev sab hauv" - chav tsev noj mov thiab chav pw hauv tsev neeg. Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw no tau them rau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb hauv kev txhim kho sab hauv. Lub tswvyim tag nrho ntawm sab hauv dav dav yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg txawv txawv, txawv tshaj plaw. Pib nrog txoj kev hauv tsev, kev coj ntawm lub tshav ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm, hnav khaub ncaws ua rau koj nyob rau hauv chav nyob thiab chav ua noj, tawg qhib ntawm cov duab sib txawv. Tib lub ntsiab cai tau siv nyob hauv txoj kev hauv tsev. Muaj tseeb, ntawm no ntxiv, xim tsuas iav qhov rai uas xa hluav taws xob los ntawm cov txee los ntawm cov txee siv. Kab hlaule ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev, npaj nyob rau hauv qhib lub peev ntsa, roam tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntiag tug ntawm pej xeem.
Chav nyob. Qhov ntsug ntawm lub qhov rais- "porthholes" ua rau nws pom "ntiaj teb cov thoob dej yug ntses" nyob hauv chav ua haujlwm. Lub luas ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm daim ntawv qhia nqe thiab muaj ob peb qhov kev sib haum xeeb cov xim. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm chav pw yog loj semicircular txaj rau alcoves, tsau rau hauv qab ntawm "ya phaj".
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm qee lub sijhawm ntawm cov lus thov sab hauv, tsis tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov duab ntawm cov tsev apartment uas nws tau qhia meej tias tus sau ntawm kev luam tawm fantasy muaj "tus cwj pwm tsis zoo" kom saib Thaum hmo ntuj, npau suav ntawm txoj kev zoo ligoobally luminaires thiab txoj kev milky.
Qhov haujlwm no tus sau muab nws cov neeg "zoo li-xav", yooj yim pom tob tob thiab suav tsis tau cov hnub qub sib sib zog nqus.
| Kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm | Lub npe ntawm thaj chaw | Ntaub Ntawv, Khoom Siv | Qho loj hnyav | Nqe, $ Rau Chav Nyob kev pauv nyiaj | Tib neeg. Nqi, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teb | Chaw pab tub rog | Polryers. Ceramic. zeb | 12m2. | 70. | 840. |
| Chav Ua Mov, Chav Dej, Wardr | Ceramich. Pobzeb (Matte) | 19M 2 | peb caug | 570. | |
| Lub tsev nkag, chav nyob, chav noj mov | Parquet Tarket Laminated | 10 M 2 | 28. | 280. | |
| Chav pw, Chav Nyob | Cov ntaub pua plag (joot-based ntaub plaub) | 40m2. | 40. | 1600. | |
| Txoj kev hauv tsev, chav nyob | Kho kom zoo nkauj. Cov ntaub ntawv txheej | 12 m / n | 5.6 | 67,2,2 | |
| Grout Vaateri. | 2 kg | tsib | 10 | ||
| Phab ntsa | Chaw nkag, Chav Nyob, Chav pw, Chav Hnav Khaub Ncaws, Chav Ua Noj | Xim Ticcurila | 185M2. | 10 | 370. |
| Chav ua noj, chav dej | Ceramich. Matte Pobzeb (2520) | 39M2 | peb caug | 1170. | |
| Txoj kev | Iav blocks (teeb) | 0.5komplekt. | 340. | 170. | |
| Txee dai khaub ncaws, chav pw, chav dej | Ua-hauv txee | 9 Pcs. | 1500. | 13 500. | |
| Lub vov tsev | Chav tso dej | Tshem tawm khib khib (dawb) | 12m2. | 28. | 336. |
| Chav Nyob, Chav Pauv, Chav pw, Chav Ua Noj, Chav Ua Noj | Kua nplaum dawb | 59M2. | tsib | 300. | |
| Daim phiaj | 2.9 | ||||
| Chav nyob, Chav pw | Hais tawm cov plasterboard | 10 daim | 13 | 130. | |
| Lub qhov rooj | Qhov chaws nkag | Hlau kev ua siab zoo. | 1 PC. | 1900. | 1900. |
| Yuam | Spaw ib leeg, Veneer Veneer | 4 yam. | . | 1600. | |
| Tso (Tined iav) | 3 pcs. | 500. | 1500. | ||
| Hluav taws xob | Nais phoo | Halogen Teeb (hloov pauv yuav tsum tau) | 30 pcs. | peb caug | 900. |
| Incandescent teeb | 30 pcs. | kaum tsib | 450. | ||
| Cov khaub ncaws, lub ntsej muag ua yeeb yam, xov tooj, vimar bockets | 36 pcs. | kaum tsib | 540. | ||
| Lub qhov rai | Hlau | 14M2. | 260. | 3640. |
Shard Kingdom
Hauv txoj haujlwm no, tus sau tau ua tiav cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj huab cua thiab monotony ntawm kev npaj daws teeb meem ntawm lub tsev loj.
Kev xaiv cov kws kho vajtsev ntawm no cov qauv kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw ntawm cov kev qhia sab hauv los ntawm kev hloov cov kev faib tawm hauv chav tsev.
Tus kws sau ntawv sib txawv tsim kev nplua nuj ntawm cov ruam thiab cov ntsiab lus, yog hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov kev xaiv no, uas tau txhawb los ntawm qee cov rooj tog ua kom tiav.
Raws li txwv rau kev npaj ua txawv txawv, kev teeb tsa ntawm dog dig pine pem teb ntoo (thickness5cm) yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm.
Rau niaj hnub sab hauv, qhov dav dav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib tug nyiam los tshawb pom sab hauv qhov chaw hauv sab nraud. Ib tug txiv neej niaj hnub yuav tsum tsis xav tias yuav raug muab tua thiab cais tawm ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab lwm tus neeg, tsis tuaj yeem nrog nws kaw, Mirkom Me ntsis.
Lub glazing ntawm ib chav ntawm chav tsev yog nkaus, uas muab txoj kev xav ntawm ze txuas rau sab nrauv, yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsev ntau lub tsev. Tus kws kes duab kos duab suav nrog kev tawm tswv yim rau cov Loggia mus rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ib qho, nws thaj chaw ntau. Cov nyiaj muas no yog daws nrog lub qhov rais thiab lub qhov rooj hauv lub loggia. Yog li, tsis yog tollytole thaum lub qhov rais qhib, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no loggia yog pom los ntawm lub khob muab faib rau tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tsev apartment.
Qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov txee ntawm lub txee rau ntawm lub tsev ntoo ntoo ntawm lub kaum sab xis hauv cov qauv pseudoclassical yog kev xav ntau.
Feem ntau, txoj haujlwm no yog txawv los ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm cov kws kho vajtse kev daws teeb meem, ib lub ntsej muag daj-beige xim thiab txhua qhov tsim nyog ntawm thaj chaw.
| Kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm | Lub npe ntawm thaj chaw | Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hom haujlwm | Orient. Mater mater thiab qhev, $ / m2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lub qab ntuas | Chav nyob, chav ua noj, chav dej | Stitching (LGK) hauv ntau theem. Impregnated nrog dej dispersion daws. | 80-100 |
| Coloring lub qab nthab rau peb zaug nrog dej-qib cov xim pleev xim. Glossy ncab qab nthab thoob plaws nrog cov teeb txawb hauv chav dej | |||
| Teb | Cov chav nyob, chav dej, chav tsev, chav ua noj | Maas screed ntaus ntawv. Kev Lag Luam ntawm Lag Ntseg Hauv Cov Florle ntawm Pine Cov laug cam nrog ib tuab ntawm 5 cm. | 90-120 |
| Ntoo thuv pem teb. Teeb tsa plinths. Kev kho cov dej tsis muaj dej hauv sam thiaj. | |||
| Qhov cuab lub zog nrog lub mesh mesh siv ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm txoj hlab ntshav uas tsis muaj kev sib sau. Cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tshuaj tsis muaj dej ntawm 20mm tuab hauv C / Y nrog kev siv cov tshuaj ntawm txoj hlab me ntawm cov mechanch. Pem teb hauv pem teb nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic hauv C / Y | |||
| Phab ntsa | Cov chav nyob, chav dej, chav tsev, chav ua noj | Kev tsim kho ntawm kev txhawb nqa partitions nrog masonry nyob polkirpe. Zoo zoo plaster phab ntsa cement. Kev sib ncag nrog "VetonittT" hom txheej rau 1 cm. Impregnated nrog dej dispersion daws. Sib tsoo saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa. Phab ntsa pleev xim rau peb zaug nrog cov dej-qib xim. Ntsib cov npoo nrog cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntoo hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Phab ntsa kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov vuas sib luag hauv chav dej | 200-230. |
| Lub qhov rooj | Nkag, cuam tshuam | Txhim kho lub hlau nkag nyem "kev ua siab zoo". Installation ntawm cov thaiv qhov rooj ntawm cov sib tshooj, installation ntawm platbands | 70-100 |
| Qhov rai sills. Lub qhov rai | Installation ntawm qhov rais sills. Seem Seem ntawm sab nraud. Qhov Rai-Hlau Khoom | 100-130 | |
| Hluav taws xob | Nruab Nruab Nruab Nrab, Hloov Hloov thiab Hloov Hluav Taws Xob | 35-50 | |
| Central Cua Kub | Txhim kho ntawm radiators nrog lub gasket ntawm cov cua sov network (subble ntawm risers hauv phab ntsa) | 50-80 | |
| Dej Kav | Tso cov dej tso dej thiab dej phwj tuaj, installation ntawm cov kav dej thiab cov ntxaij lim dej | 65-80 | |
| Lub tshuab nqus dej | |||
| Tus nqi tsim kho ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv kev sib hais haum ntawm ib square meter ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam | 690-890. |
Kev nyuaj siab heev niaj hnub
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws cov tsev apartment no yog cov kev sib tw niaj hnub rau qhov chaw, kev tsim cov khoom loj thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov qauv loj. Nws tseem ceeb nyob rau txhua qhov chaw, txij li qhov chaw kos duab yas, tus qauv ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa teeb pom kev zoo thiab xaus nrog kev xaiv ntawm rooj tog zaum.
Nws tau npaj siab yuav rov qab siv dua tshiab ntawm cov chaw nyob uas twb muaj lawm, uas ua rau muaj mob rau cov menyuam yaus thiab txee. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ua si dawb, cia koj hnov qhov chaw ntawm ib chav tsev loj, txhawb los ntawm kev daws teeb meem yooj yim. Ib feem ntawm cov kabmob cov kabmob tau rhuav tshem, thiab cov thauj khoom pauv mus rau cov kev txhawb nqa thiab riglel. Cov phab ntsa me me yog faib yog xws li cov lus qhia hauv kev ua kom dawb. Tso cov sib txuas lus tsis muaj teeb meem. Thaj chaw ntawm ib chav dej txaus txaus rau cov tsev apartment ntawm cov lus thov qhov ntev, yog li kuv tau raug tshem tawm ib qho ntawm da dej.
Cov tsev kho tau muab faib ua ob qho chaw sib faib thaj tsam: sib luag thiab dhau, ua kom muaj chaw ntws tawm. Cov menyuam yaus, chav pw, chaw ua haujlwm thiab chav dej nyob rau ib feem ntawm cov chav tsev thiab cov chav uas muaj cais ntawm yuav luag txhua lub tsev. Cov chav ntawm thaj chaw no mus rau hauv chav tsev, uas yog tib lub sijhawm hnav khaub ncaws ua haujlwm rau cov chav no.
Ib feem ntawm lub tsev tau sib cais los ntawm lub teeb ntsa - partitions. Txoj kev hauv tsev yog sau nrog phab ntsa nrog kev qhib, daws qhov rooj, tsis muaj qhov sab hauv. Phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa tau teeb tsa los ntawm chav tsev nyob nrog cov rooj tog mos. Chav nyob no nyob rau hauv lem mus rau hauv chav noj mov nrog nkag mus rau lub lawj. Lub chav ua noj tau sib cais los ntawm chav noj mov thiab lub tsev ua lub teeb ntsa-sib faib thiab sab-kem.
Phab ntsa partitions yog nquag koom tes hauv kev tsim qhov chaw nplua nuj yas. Cov partitions lawv tus kheej yog qhov zoo nkauj: lawv tsis yog cov khoom, tab sis yog ua nrog cov qhov yog geometrically daws perforations. Rooj tog nws tus kheej yog kev cog lus, tab sis muaj qhov loj tawg ntawm cov thawv, cov nplaim taws, tsis muaj me me.
Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws hauv cov yas daws ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa. Lub qhov cub ci ntsa iab sab sauv ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab cov niche tsim cov nyhuv ntawm "txiav-tawm" phab ntsa los ntawm cov khoom noj qab nthab, muab cov yooj yim ntawm txhua yam. Landbilling lub chaw tau pom los ntawm tib lub ntsiab cai: Lub parquet yog nteg nrog "lawj style", hauv pem teb los ntawm ntuj uas npog nrog ib tug qauv loj thiab kauj ruam. Cov ntaub thaiv ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm chav ua noj thiab chav noj mov tau muab lub teeb tulle, ntawm tag nrho cov phab ntsa, sib txuas ntawm ob lub thaj chaw. Sab hauv tsim ntawm thaj chaw, cov xim khov yog siv (daj, tshav ntuj, liab, dawb), txhawb nqa ib qho loj.
Feem ntau yog daws tau thiab kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov chav tsev no tau hais tawm hauv qab no, lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib piv thiab kev sib piv los ntawm cov xim. Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov chaw loj tau ua tiav los ntawm kev qhia ntawm ib qho loj module thiab cov nplai loj.
| Kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm | Lub npe ntawm thaj chaw | Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hom haujlwm | Qho loj hnyav | Tib neeg. Nqi, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teb | Chav pw | Juncks Parquet Torn 12 hli Beech, ($ 78 / M2) | 13.1m | 1022. |
| Aligning TSP. Ntsws mastic, plinth (tsob ntoo) | ||||
| Menyuam Yaus | Kuj | 6,5M2 | 507. | |
| Rooj tsav xwm | Kuj | 9.1m2. | 710. | |
| Hoob noj mov | Kuj | 10.1 m | 788. | |
| TUAG TXEE | Ceramic pl., Natur. Panels ($ 37 / M2) | NAT. Pan.- 2,6M2 | 3112. | |
| Chaw tos txais, txoj kev hauv tsev | Ntuj pob zeb, ker. PL. ($ 120 / m2) | Pl.ker.- 11,6M2 | 429,2 | |
| Chav Nyob | Sib tov. Parquet / Natur. pob zeb | 11m2 / 1m2 $ 858/120 | ||
| Hoob ua mov noj | Ceramich. Pobzeb ($ 25 / M2) | 7,2m2 | 180. | |
| Tsev loj tuaj | Ceramich. Pobzeb 2020 ($ 25 / M2) | 5,6M2. | 140. | |
| Loggia | Ceramich. Pobzeb 30,530,5 ($ 37 / m2) | 5.82 = 11.6 m2 | 430. | |
| Lub vov tsev | Chav pw | Plaster, pleev xim | 13,1 | 290. |
| Menyuam Yaus | --//-- | 6.5 | ||
| Rooj tsav xwm | --//-- | 9,1 | ||
| TUAG TXEE | --//-- | 10.1 | ||
| Chav ntawm qhov rooj | --//-- | 14,23 | ||
| Txoj kev | --//-- | kaum ib | ||
| Hoob ua mov noj | --//-- | 7,2 | ||
| Tsev loj tuaj | Raug tshem tawm txawm ($ 25 / m2) | 5.6 | ||
| Loggia | 11.6. | |||
| Partitions | Kev Ua Si: (Hall-Nyob-Chav Ua Noj) | Cib, plaster, primer, pleev xim ($ 9 / m2) glazing ntawm loggias | 4 + 4.9 = = 8.9M22 =. = 17.8. | |
| Loggia | ||||
| Phab ntsa | Chav pw | Phab ntsa | 39,5m2 | |
| Menyuam Yaus | Wallpaper ($ 12.5 / Yob) | 27.3m2. | ||
| Rooj tsav xwm | Stucco, Primer ($ 9 / M2) | 44M2. | 1040. | |
| Hoob noj mov | Daim duab | 29,26M2. | ||
| Chav Nyob | --//-- | |||
| TUAG TXEE | --//-- | 42,23m2. | ||
| Chav ntawm qhov rooj | --//-- | |||
| Txoj kev | --//-- | |||
| Hoob ua mov noj | Combinir: Ceramich. PL. / | Pobzeb - 2,7M2 | 67.5 | |
| Plaster, pleev xim ($ 25 / m2) | POC. - 9.9M2 | 89,1 | ||
| Tsev loj tuaj | Ceramich. Pobzeb nrog dai kom zoo. Ciam Tebchaws $ 30 / Txiv m2 | 32 M2. | 960. | |
| Loggia | Hniav Plaster | 21m2. | ||
| Lub qhov rooj | Yuam | Nrog built-in caststment | 4 yam. | 2400. |
| Tawm tswv yim booking. | $ 900, Hlau., Venew Beech | 1 PC. | $ 900. |
Tuam tsev ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg
Mus ncig ua si mus ncig ua si mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Cyprus nyiam peb tsis yog los ntawm hiav txwv thiab lub hnub. Peb yuav mus rau cov teb chaws no, tsawg kawg ib pliag kom pom koj tus kheej yav dhau los thiab pom dab tsi yav dhau los tau hu ua lub teb chaws Otnia. Lub ruins ntawm lub tuam tsev thaum ub yog txhua yam uas tseem nyob ntawm kev vam meej vam meej, pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb flutter thiab bowed. Lub sijhawm, paub ntawm cov duab qub qub, yuav txaus siab rau sab hauv sab hauv, kos duab hauv lub tuam tsev.
Ib txoj kev hauv tsev ntev, cais cov chav tsev ua ob ntu (qhua thiab sib luag), yog dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm anfilat. Cov kab ntawv doric txiav txim siab txhawb nqa qab nthab siv. Anfilade ua tiav nrog txoj kev sib cav (kab tias tos) nrog lub rooj zaum thiab rooj. Chav nyob yog kev sib sau ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov chaw muaj nyob hauv cov kos duab qub thiab kos duab. Bar khib tau haum rau tag nrho cov teeb tsa txheej thaum ub. Ancient, nrog cov kab nrib pleb thiab toj, lawv zoo li tiag, lawv tau txhawb qhov kev xav ntawm txhua yam pom.
Chav pw. Twains, nrog rau thoob plaws sab hauv, ntau yam nthuav dav. Piv txwv li, phab ntsa kho kom zoo nkauj: thawj qib tau dai kom zoo nkauj hauv qab "Pob Zeb Masonry" ntawm "tuab nyom" ntawm cov ntaub pua plag uas tsis zoo; Lub pob zeb peculiar lub zog txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv lub phab ntsa dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj. Qhov tseem ceeb niches yog txig tsim nyog rau qhov kev tso cai ntawm kev sau tais ntawm cov tais diav, amphorous, vaz thiab jugs. Qeb kawg ntawm chav pw yog ib chav npog ib feem ntawm phab ntsa thiab lub qab nthab. Nws yog visually nce qhov chaw siab, uas yog hais los ntawm lub chandelierized.
Coob tus neeg yuav xav tias thaum siv cov txheej txheem txiav txim siab ntawm cov kev txiav txim siab hauv chav tsev ntawm lub tsev tshiab siab, sab hauv yuav hnyav heev. Yog vim li cas hauv txoj haujlwm thiab tshwm sim "Kev Pab" pob: Ib qho chaw sawv ntsug hauv chav nyob, qhov cub hauv chav noj mov thiab cov yeeb nkab hauv chav pw.
Lub tswv yim tag nrho ntawm cov kev xaiv pom tau tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa hauv daim ntawv hauv qab no: Peb niaj hnub "Haitetech" ntiaj teb tau ua rau nws nyuaj siab thiab txaus ntshai. Ib tug neeg pom kev thaj yeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv kev xav txog yav dhau los, uas tau hais hauv nws cov dab neeg thiab kev tshem tawm nkees los ntawm kev muaj tiag tiag.
| Kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm | Lub npe ntawm thaj chaw | Ntaub Ntawv, Khoom Siv | Qho loj hnyav | Nqe, $ Rau Chav Nyob kev pauv nyiaj | Tib neeg. Nqi, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teb | HALL, Gallery, txoj kev txhim kho hauv tsev, chav ua noj | Ceramic Pobzeb "Clinker" | 16m2. | 45. | 720. |
| Chav tso dej | Ceramic pobzeb nrog cov menyuam limestone nyhuv | 10 M 2 | 35. | 350. | |
| Chav nyob, chav noj mov, txee | Parquet Board "Margaritelle" | 30M2 | 110. | 3300. | |
| Chav pw | Cov ntaub pua plag (joot-based ntaub plaub) | 25M2. | 40. | 1000. | |
| Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov ntaub ntawv | 10 m / n | 5.6 | 56. | ||
| Phab ntsa thiab partitions | Lub Tsev Nkag, Gallery, Chav Tsev, Chav pw, Chav Chav Tsev, Txoj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv | Xim "Triccury" (Xim 2-3 zaug) | 190M2. | 10 | 380. |
| Hoob ua mov noj | Ceramic Pobzeb (Matte) 2020 | 15m2. | 35. | 525. | |
| Chav tso dej | Ceramic Pobzeb (Matte) 2025 | 30M2 | 35. | 1050. | |
| Rooj tsav xwm | Wallpaper ntawv | 40m2. | kaum tsib | 75. | |
| Txee, Chav pw | Ua-hauv txee | 9M2. | 1500. | 13500. | |
| Lub vov tsev | Chav tsev, chav noj mov, chav ua noj, txoj kev hauv tsev | Raug tshem tawm (phab ntsa) | 32 m2 + teeb. | 13 | 416. |
| Chav nyob, txee, chav pw | Kua nplaum dawb | 39M2 | tsib | 195. | |
| Daim phiaj nyob rau hauv lub plaster | |||||
| Chav tso dej | Ncab (Dawb Macte) | 10 M 2 | 60. | 600. | |
| Lub qhov rooj | Qhov chaws nkag | Hlau (Wood Trim) kev ua siab zoo | 1 PC. | 2000. | 2000. |
| Yuam | Spams ib, flash veneer | 5 daim. | 600. | 3000. | |
| Hluav taws xob | Gallery, txoj kev txhim kho hauv tsev, chav noj mov, ntaus pob | Incandescent teebs (embedded) | 22 pcs. | kaum tsib | 330. |
| Sockets hloov Vimar | 35 pcs. | kaum tsib | 525. | ||
| Xov tooj TV. Throckt vim dab teg | 17 pcs 17 pcs. | nees kaum | 340. | ||
| Lub qhov rai | Hlau | 14M2. | 260. | 3640. | |
| Tus lepunina | Chav ua si, chav nyob, chav noj mov, chav pw | Gypsum | 5600. |
Nostalgia hauv Nyij Pooj
Tom qab ib tug vwm Uban hnub, bustle thiab hassle xav so hauv qhov chaw txias, ntsuas. Cov neeg Japanese sab hauv nrog ntuj ntxoov ntxoo (ocher, xim av, txiv kab ntxwv, txiv ntseej) haum rau qhov no. Lub Ecological ntsiab yog txhawb los ntawm paving hauv txoj kev hauv tsev thiab ib sab ntawm chav ua noj. Tshaj txoj hauv kev, lub teeb dej qab nthab yog txo, lub teeb lub teeb tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nrog ib daim ntawm lub ntuj xiav, translucent los ntawm cov ntawv phaj ntoo. Cov plag tsev hauv chav tsev tag nrho yog ntoo.
Vim yog lub chaw tso loggia nce. Cov txheej txheem ntxiv uas muaj nyob hauv cov lus sib xyaw rau ntawm tsob ntoo Nyij ntuj los ntawm cov ntoo ntuj (tus qauv Mesh ntawm kev soj ntsuam Japanese). Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hlau yog mounted ntawm cov qauv no. Los ntawm cov nroog loj thiab cov hlau txias txias, peb tsis tuaj yeem nkaum. Cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub ua rau cov lus Nyij Pooj ua tus vwm no tsis sib haum. Bright niaj hnub sofa, khob kas fes rooj ntawm hlau trembling ceg. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, lawv yog los ntawm ntu uas zoo li cov kab kab. Chav ua noj, tseem yog hlau: cov ntaub pua tsev tshiab, cov ntaub pua chaw Chrome nrog rau qhov chaw qhib, zoo li kev txhais lus qub, tab sis niaj hnub txhais. Phab ntsa ntawm chav nyob, uas yog pom tam sim ntawd los ntawm cov tswv yim lub qhov rooj-flavored windig (cathalholes). Peb nyob sab hauv lub nkoj txhim khu kev qha uas ntab nyob rau hauv cov cua daj cua dub, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub nkoj txias thiab ntsiag to.
Phab ntsa dav hlau tawg los ntawm niche nrog backlight, qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem muab cov khoom ntxim hlub me me coj los ntawm cov teb chaws nyob deb, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem muab dab tsi nyob rau ntawd. Ntawm lub qhov rais, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub ntawm cov xim ntuj ntawm kev ntxhib los mos (phau ntawv weaving). Muaj ntau thaj tsam (rau cov qauv txheej txheem) yog nyob ntoo (elegant heev (duab muaj kuab heev, duab, hom Oleander). Lub chaw ua haujlwm tuaj yeem yog chav sib cais, tab sis yog tias nws dheev los ua kev lom zem thiab kho siab, koj tuaj yeem koom nrog tsev neeg xav tau nyob hauv chav nyob, txav mus deb ntawm chav tsev nyob, txav mus deb ntawm chav tsev nyob, txav mus deb ntawm chav tsev nyob, txav mus deb ntawm chav tsev nyob, txav mus deb.
Peb txiav txim siab mus rau hauv chav pw. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum mus hauv chav dej (nws tseem yog ntuj, hauv Japanese style, ntoo av, "Jacuzzi", dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntoo). Hlau Washbasin yog ib qho tseem ceeb niaj hnub qhia kev qhia hauv nroog tseem ceeb hauv peb cov nkauj kos duab ecological. Phuam matte, nrog kev ntxhib los mos, zoo li lub vijtsam tiag. Suts ntawm cov vuas yog lured los ntawm xim av grout. Peb nkag mus rau "los ntawm" txee rau cov thawv thiab backlit. Cov menyuam yaus tig los ua lub tsheb, tab sis peb muaj chaw ua haujlwm zoo kawg rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Chav tsev yog visually txo los ntawm grille rau saum. Cov me nyuam cov chav me nyuam muaj zog dua, tab sis cov xim tseem ceeb yog tib yam: txiv kab ntxwv, txiv ntseej, daj.
| Nplaim | Lub npe ntawm thaj chaw | Cov ntaub ntawv tiav thiab hom haujlwm | Thaj chaw, m2 | Nqe ib. kev pauv nyiaj ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teb | Chav nyob, txoj kev hauv tsev, chav dej | Qeb, CEM. Screed | 46M2. | $ 30 / t |
| Ywj siab | $ 21 / 25kg | |||
| Lub tiaj ua si. Chalkboard "margaritelle" | $ 130 / m2 | |||
| Cov menyuam chav zov menyuam | Sab nraum zoov txheej, ntaus lev (paj rwb lossis woolen) | 24,6M2 | $ 40 / m2 | |
| Hall, Chav Ua Noj | Qoob Pob Zeb | 10 M 2 | $ 120 / m2 | |
| Lub vov tsev | Chaw pab tub rog | Hais tawm cov plasterboard | 81m2. | $ 40-80 / m2 |
| Chav nyob, cov me nyuam, chav pw, chav dej | Spaklyka, coloring | |||
| Phab ntsa | Plaster Partitions | 12m2. | $ 180-260 / m2 | |
| Ua kom sov ntawm Loggia, Phab ntsa xim. Phab ntsa kom zoo nkauj nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic hauv chav dej | ||||
| Lub qhov rooj | Qhov rooj thiab lawv kev teeb tsa | 4 yam. | $ 400 / pc. | |
| Txawb. Dlhos. | Partitions (ntaub lossis ntawv) | 15m2. | $ 150 / m2 |
Raws li tus kws ua yeeb yam ...
Ua noj cov kua zaub qab, koj yuav tsum muab me tshaj rau nws. Txhawm rau ua noj cov benr, ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov nplai, kom sawv, los sawv ntsug, yuav tsum tau xav txog nws thiab hais txog nws thiab dill thiab tsis txhob nrhiav txiav tawm hauv cov zaub mov tiav. Kaw cov txheej txheem roj mus ... feem ntau ceev faj. Peb tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus sab nraud ntawm kev npaj phiaj xwm thiab saib hauv lub qhov rooj. Atam xws li ib qho zoo kawg nkaus emptiness, thiab lub qhov muag tsis ntog ntawm cov ces kaum tsis muaj kawg thiab puv. Hall-severma lub voj voog ciav los ntawm lub teeb: hluav taws xob thiab tsis. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus sib dhos sib txawv tsim ntawm lub qhov rooj zawv zawg los ntawm cov qhov, qhov thiab txhua yam, los ntawm cov uas tuaj yeem yog kev ntsuas. Kev txhawb nqa iav nrog kev khi nyias nyias, txiav tshaj cov hlau, tweezers thiab lwm qhov convex cov khoom ua ib kab sib dhos.
Paulaus nyob rau hauv lub tsev sov tos txais; Polished pob zeb (daim ntawv tso "nautilus").
Hloov chaw ntawm cov teeb txawb uas tau tsim kho lub ceilings ntawm Moscow cov chav tsev, lub kaw lus ntawm xyab cables ntxiv rau lub teeb los ntawm Lucifer series. Daim kab xev tooj daj ntseg ntshiab nrog cov "vibrating" contour yuav ua tiav cov hniav sib zog ntawm lub cuab thiab ua kom nws sov dua.
Chav nrog ib lub qhov rais yuav raug hu ua chaw haujlwm. Qhov rooj-txhuas; Rivets - mis nyuj-iav dawb. Rov qab mus rau qhov nkees ntawm kev ua haujlwm, koj tau nkag mus rau hauv "lub" Hall thiab Ncaj rau hauv chaw ua haujlwm, rau kev ua haujlwm. Curl sab xis (Chav Nyob, Chav, Chav Taws Xob) - Koj yog icon nyob rau hauv lub rooj zaum ntawm cov thoob dej yug ntses, saib hmo piras yog tias koj tsis nco qab cov ntaub ntawv.
Yog tias koj tsis nyiam cov ris dej hauv qab dej, ces lub teeb nrig yog lub teeb "seams", lub teeb mis nyuj dawb, thaum qee lub sijhawm cuam tshuam. Phab ntsa muaj plaub xim. Loov: "Tsis txhob pleev xim rau phab ntsa, thiab ib phab ntsa rau kev pleev xim." Chav nyob yog chav loj, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, uas yog qhov chaw pub dawb (nyeem cov yeeb yaj kiab tshiab ").
Hauv qhov chaw pub dawb muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig (peb saib). Yog tias koj tau caw cov qhua, nws yuav tsis tau lom zem tag nrho cov kev pab cuam: qhov chaw nyob tsis txaus siab rau lub ces kaum), qhov rai loj, thiab tsaus ntuj nti tsaus ntuj.
Semicirli Slielcirular zawv zawg shairms (cov hlau nrog hlais yog lub tswv yim ntawm "peeping"). Yog tias koj thawb lub vijtsam, nws tau tsim ib qho kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj heev ntawm qhov chaw nrog hluav taws nyob hauv nruab nrab, thiab ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub qhov, qhov, thiab hauv lawv cov hnub qub thiab ntuj. Sab kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog kev dag ... rau cov qhua. Nws yog tau tias lawv yuav tsis nco qab txog noj hmo. Huag yog, ib tug khib nrog TV ntau heev yuav ua rau nws tig tau (ib ntus) chav hauv xinesmas hauv xinesmas. Kuv tsaug zog ib zaug los cuam tshuam cov qhua los ntawm kev xav txog tus ntaus.
Yog tias tsis mus rau hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm tig sab laug, koj tuaj yeem mus saib ob chav dej lossis ib qho, tom qab ntawd lwm qhov. Los ntawm qhov no ib nrab ntawm cov chav tsev yog chav pw, cov menyuam yaus lub vaj thiab lub caij ntuj no. Lub semicircular phab ntsa ntawm chav dej yog tso tawm los ntawm cov xim iav thaiv (zoo nkauj los ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud).
Qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm chav pw uas muaj cov cim uas ntxim hlub ntawm lub cim, lawv yog lub dai ntawm cov txaj menyuam rau ob tus txij nkawm. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ntshai miv, qhov chaw tsis kaw: lub vaj lub vaj lub teeb ci ntsa iab lub qhov rai mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj thiab cov menyuam yaus. Koj tsis tuaj yeem taug kev ntawm tiptoe, tab sis rau "pry".
Txav mus rau nees
Lawv paub ua si chess thiab tsis yog txhua tus. Txawm li cas los xij, xav kawm qhov kev ua si zoo kawg no thaum twg los tau. Yog tias koj xav tau, thawj zaj lus qhia pib yuav pib tam sim no.
Chess variation ntawm sab hauv yog tsim rau plaub "players". Tus naj npawb tseem ceeb ntawm chav casting yog raws li kev ua haujlwm ntau thiab hloov chaw. Ib qho chaw loj ntawm chav tsev tau muab faib ua plaub sib npaug ntawm thaj chaw ntawm chav tsev.
Zoo li Chess tej daim, txhua chav ntawm chav, chav ua haujlwm, chav noj mov, chav nyob thiab ua raws li cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev ua si. Tag nrho cov sab hauv tau faib los ntawm kev zawv zawg kab nrog tinted iav. Ua tsaug rau lawv, "Chessboard" ntawm lub tsev tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ib daim teb lossis, yog tias tsim nyog, tam sim ntawd tuaj rau hauv cais plaub fab. Yog li nws yog qhov ua tau kom cais tawm lub chaw haujlwm, chav noj mov lossis ib chav qhua.
Qhov kev tso chaw ntawm rooj tog zaum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no nrog cov kab ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov pawns ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Me me, tab sis ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm chess sab hauv. Ob lub tsev chess yog nyob ntawm cov ntu kev sib txheeb zoo rau lub axis ntawm kev faib tawm thiab tsim cov kev pom zoo ntawm daim iav qhov chaw, muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv iav tinted. Ua tiav kev sib tham txog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov duab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sau ib qho kev zam rau cov cai. Nruab nrab ntawm chav noj mov thiab chav ua noj ua kom qhib me ntsis hauv phab ntsa. Nws yuav tsum muaj zog.
Tam sim no- xim. Tsev kho mob, hauv chess muaj tsuas yog ob qho xim - dawb thiab dub. Lub sab hauv tau nthuav tawm xws li cov qauv xim yog qhov tsis txaus, yog li cov ncauj lus ntawm chess qauv pom cov lus teb hauv daim duab thiab txheej ntawm cov vuas luaj ceramic. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov chaw ntawm chav tsev, raws li tsim nyog rau txoj cai nruj, yog txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ob lub xim uas "float" raws oblique "ntawm phab ntsa (" Domino ", thiab lwm yam).
Thaum kawg, qhov kawg tseem ceeb rau tiav yeej hauv chess kev ua si yog lub teeb. Yog hais tias nws los ntawm txoj kev sib txuas nqaim chav ua noj. Lub teeb kab yog hais txog hom teeb caj dab hauv qab nthab thiab shockproof punds ua rau hauv av. Av nyob chav teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm plaub qhov autonomous panels ntawm Modular txwv tsis pub Ceilings nrog Backlight. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib lub sijhawm yog cov ntxaij lim dej ntawm Halogen teeb.
| Kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm | Lub npe ntawm thaj chaw | Ntaub Ntawv, Khoom Siv | Qho loj hnyav | Nqe, $ Rau Chav Nyob kev pauv nyiaj | Tib neeg. Nqi, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teb | Lub tsev nkag, chav da dej, txoj kev hauv tsev, chav ua noj | Ceramic Pobzeb (Matte) 3030 | 20M2 | 35. | 700. |
| Lub tsev nkag, chav nyob, chav noj mov | Parquet Tarket Laminated | 27M2 | 28. | 756. | |
| Chav pw | Cov ntaub pua plag (joot-based ntaub plaub) | 25M2. | tsib caug | 1250. | |
| Rooj tsav xwm | Ntaub Pua Plag (Synthetics) | 9M2. | 60. | 540. | |
| Phab ntsa thiab partitions | Chaw nkag, Chav Nyob, Chav pw, Chav, Chav Noj Mov, Chaw Haujlwm | Pleev Xim "Tikkurila" | 160 m 2. | 10 | 320. |
| Hoob ua mov noj | Ceramic Pobzeb (Matte) 1010 | 28M2. | 70.5 | 1974. | |
| Chav tso dej | Ceramic Pobzeb (Glossy) 2025 | 45M2. | 35. | 1575. | |
| Chav nyob, chav noj mov, txee | Hloov Partitions (Mirrored Toned) | 8 pcs. | 500. | 4000. | |
| Hall chav, chav pw, noj mov | Ua-hauv txee | 8 m / n | 1500. | 12000. | |
| Lub vov tsev | Chav nyob, txoj kev hauv tsev, chav pw, chav ua noj, txee | Raug tshem tawm (phab ntsa) | 40m2 + teeb tsa. | 13 | 520. |
| Chav nyob, chav pw | Daim phiaj nyob rau hauv lub plaster | 2.9 | |||
| Kua nplaum dawb | 32 M2. | tsib | 160. | ||
| Chav tso dej | Tshem tawm (Log) Nws Yog xim hlau | 9M2. | 100 | 900. | |
| Lub qhov rooj | Qhov chaws nkag | Hlau ib-tog "sesame" | 1 PC. | 900. | 900. |
| Yuam | Viav vias ib leeg, Pub Veneer (varnish) | 5 daim. | . | 2000. | |
| Hluav taws xob | Chaw pab tub rog | Lub teeb | 0.5m2 | tsib caug | 25. |
| Chav nyob, txee, chav noj mov | Modular tshem tawm qab nthab nrog backlit-diffuser parador | 4 ntu | 1500. | 6000. | |
| Chav ua noj, chav dej, txoj kev hauv tsev | Incandescent teeb | 15 pcs. | kaum tsib | 225. | |
| Sockets hloov Vimar | 35 pcs. | kaum tsib | 525. | ||
| Xov tooj TV. Throckt vim dab teg | 7 pcs. | nees kaum | 140. | ||
| Lub qhov rai | Ntoo | 14M2. | 260. | 3640. |
Tus Sau Tus Sau: Catherine Kostina
Tus sau ua haujlwm: Tatyana Orlova
Tus sau ua haujlwm: Maxim Samoilov-babin
Tus sau ua haujlwm: Olga golitsin
Tus Sau Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm: Irina Goodz
Tus sau ua haujlwm: Tatyana Orlova
Tus sau ua haujlwm: Tatyana Hovina
Tus sau ua haujlwm: Tatyana Egorova-Orleejnova
Tus Sau Tus Sau: Pavel Damdushinsky
Tus sau ua haujlwm: Tatyana Orlova
Saib Qhov Loj