Cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj stucco plaster, cov kab sib txawv thiab cov duab kos duab: nws yog dab tsi, cov qauv ntawm kev thov, thev naus laus zis.
Yees duab: Zinur Outdins
Yees duab: Zinur Outdins
Yees duab: Eveny Luchin
Yees duab: Eveny Luchin
Dhau ntawm 6-7 xyoo, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias tsim kev txaus siab, tsim ntau qhov chaw monochromatic lossis multicolor embossed. Txiav txim siab lawv zoo dua.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau saum npoo pleev xim lossis woven qhov saum npoo zoo, nws yuav tsum ua kom tiav raws li: vim tias txawm tias tuber me me lossis cov tub luam me me yuav pom. Cov neeg to taub nws ntev thiab txiav txim siab los tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ua tiav rau txheej kawg; Nws yuav tsum muaj, ntawm ib sab tes, siab zoo nkauj cov khoom, thiab lwm yam, nws yuav zais qhov tsis xws luag thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov phab ntsa. Thawj zaug sim ntawm nws cov kev tsim khoom tau coj lwm 50 xyoo dhau los. Tab sis tsuas yog xyoo 1994, Lavxias kev lag luam tau poob thiab theej kom sai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav ntawm lub tuam txhab Turkish ntawm lub tuam txhab Acrylic Tom qab nws, tus naj npawb loj heev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam li muag, uas tau sib xyaw ua ke hauv ib lub npe - zoo nkauj plaster, txawm hais tias ntau ntawm lawv tsis yog "tiag" plaster. Sai li peb hu rau lawv: Ob "plasterings", thiab ntau yam ntawm "bertures", thiab txawm hais tias lo lus intricate "stukko".
Txhawm rau txhawm rau paub tias nws txhais tau li cas, nws yuav tsum tau saib mus rau German, Anglo- thiab Italian-Lavxias phau ntawv txhais lus. Qhov tshwm sim hais txog nws tus kheej: Putz (nws.), Plaster (ayl) thiab stucco (ial.) - Qhov no yog peb lub tswvyim, uas yog - plaster. Cov tsos ntawm ntau qhov sau ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv cov kev cog lus (piv txwv, Pleter "nyob rau hauv Lavxias) tsuas yog ua tsis tiav thiab muaj ntsiab lus tsis muaj qab hau. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev cia siab, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov kab lus hauv qab no: "Cov qauv qhia ntawv thiab cov cim dai ntawm cov txheej txheem". Qhov sib txawv uas xav qhia txog txoj kev no yog qhov muaj cai. Saib rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus ntse. Cov qauv txhais tau tias tus qauv, cov cuab yeej sab hauv, los ntawm LAT. Qauv - qhov chaw, qauv. Cov kev ntxhib los mos yog tus qauv (khoom, pob zeb, piv txwv li cov kab ntoo yog cov qauv ntoo yog cov lat. Textura - Textile, kev txuas, kev txuas. Qhov kev ntxhib los mos yog kev ua tau zoo peculiar zoo, nws cov nplaim (piv txwv li, ntoo kev ntxhib los mos, ntawm nws. Faktura thiab LAT. Factura - ua.
Yog li muaj cov cim teeb meem nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem raws li cov ntsiab lus no, pom nws nyuaj. Tab sis txij li cov neeg txawv teb chaws, cov chaw tsim khoom rau lawv cov ntaub ntawv, qee cov lus txhais tau txhais, thiab cov txhais lus ntawm cov neeg sib dhos kom zoo nkauj tau yuam kom nrhiav lawv tus kheej cov lus piav qhia. Feem ntau lawv tau hais tias: "Cov ntawv nyeem yooj yim yog yooj yim los kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov xim, thaum nws tsis yooj yim sua kom ua nws nrog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem." Lwm qhov kev txhais lus: "Thaum siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem sib txawv, cov txheej txheem kev sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, thiab cov qauv yog tsim tam sim tom qab thov." Tab sis lo lus "totings tsho khuam" nyuam qhuav ploj ntawm kev siv.
Ntawm tag nrho cov no tsis txawv heev txhais thiab sumbur nrog cov lus, ib qho kev xaus yuav ua tau: lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov khawv koob ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws - lawv hnav, es, tshaj tawm. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog cov peculiarities ntawm ib hom kev ua kom zoo nkauj plaster, nws ua rau kev nkag siab zoo ntxiv: piv txwv li, "kev saib xyuas", "hauv qab Ib lub tsho tiv no pluab "," cov menyuam "," xeb ". Lawv, raws li txoj cai, hais tsis tsuas yog hais txog cov tsos ntawm sab npoo tshwm sim, tab sis kuj hais txog txoj kev thov lossis ntsuas cov khoom siv. Kev noj rau hauv tus account qhov kev xav txog, peb tig mus saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Tab sis thaum xub thawj me ntsis kev kho dua tshiab: Yav tom ntej, peb tsuas yog xav txog cov plasters zoo nkauj uas ntau dua hu ua "kom pom kev zoo dua - Tiav du venetian plaster). Raws li cov khoom, lawv (tab sis, tsuas yog kwv yees li) tuaj yeem faib ua "cov xim pleev xim zoo nkauj" - nws yog cov tsho tiv no zoo nkauj (1 -1.5 hli), thiab "sib txawv".
Yog li dab tsi yog "kho hniav embossed plaster"?
Nws suav nrog: a) ib yam dab tsi binder - feem ntau yog nws yog hluav taws xob resin (uas tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv sib cais lossis cov tshuaj tov); b) muab tub lim; c) Ntau yam ntxiv yog cov kuab tshuaj, thickener, hydrophobic (dej-repellent) cov tshuaj, tshuaj antiseptic thiab cov tshuaj tua kab. Los ntawm hom binder keeb, zoo nkauj plaster tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj: cov khoom siv ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab tsis muaj aquous. Thiab dua li, lawv sib txawv hauv cov tub lim cov khoom siv, cov qauv ntawm kev thov thiab sib sau cov qauv saum npoo. Tab sis thawj yam ua ntej.Lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj embossed plaster Cov. Cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau ntawm cov tsis-aqueous muaj epoxy resins thiab polyurethanes li khi cov ntsiab. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, tiv taus kev tawm tsam, lub zog thiab cov nplaum zoo rau lub hauv paus. Kev dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm epoxy hauv paus tau siv rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv, tab sis cov duab polyurethanes tuaj yeem kib saum npoo thiab sab hauv thiab sab nraud thaj chaw. Tom qab ua ntawv thov thiab ziab, zoo nkauj plaster rau ntawm polyurethane thiab epoxy lub cev lub cev tsis txaus siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum rhuab saum ntuj 140s, pib ua kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg, sib xyaw nrog chlorine, thiab polyurethane - Cyanides) Cov.
Hauv qhov no, raws li cov plasters zoo nkauj muaj ntau dua kev nyab xeeb: polymers suav nrog hauv lawv, decomposing, tsis txhob muaj kuab lom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov plasterers no muaj nws cov kev teeb meem: ua ntej ntawm txhua yam - qis dua kub tsis kam, ntau dua 65 tshaj li ntawm 65-90 ° C), piv txwv li, cov cua sov cua sov. Cov txheej txheem khi uas nquag muaj ntawm cov dej muaj acrylic, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) thiab Butadiene-Styrips dispersions. Txheej txheem raws li acrylic dispersions ntawm khib rau ultraviolet rays thiab kub txog li 90c; Lawv cov cwj pwm los ntawm cov vapor zoo permeability thiab adhesion rau saum npoo; Lawv muaj cov dej noo zoo heev tiv thaiv, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv no parameter yog qis dua rau butadiene-styrene acrylic tsho. Cov txheej txheem styrene-acrylic muaj txawm tias cov dej tsis kam zoo, cov vapor zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg muaj qhov kub ntau tshaj 65c pib shrust. Butadiene-STyrene dispersions muaj cov noo noo siab, tig daj, tseem nyob ntawm qhov kub ntau tshaj 65c thiab tsis muaj vapor permeability. Zoo, thiab txheej ci raws li polyvinyl acetate disetate tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, zoo vapor permeability, tiv taus lub hnub ci ci thiab kub txog li 90c.
Cov fillers Cov. Nrog cov pob zeb hauv ntxhia ntawm dai kom zoo nkauj rau cov plasters, qhov xwm txheej yooj yim dua - lawv yog peb hom tsiaj tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog marble, granite thiab quartz crumb lossis mixtures ntawd. Qhov loj me ntawm crumb nplej yuav txawv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw: los ntawm 0.5 txog 4-5 hli. Hauv qhov no, tib cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv ob peb embodiments nrog ntau yam ntawm cov crumbs. Nws yog ntuj uas nws loj cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog cov tsos thiab qib ntawm kev noj cov khoom siv: qhov ntau dua, cov kev ntsuas txaus. Nws yog tsim nyog sau tseg tias kev ua kom zoo nkauj plaster nrog cov tub rog loj yog qhov ua tiav rau cov txheej txheem sab nraud, kom lawv pom cov npoo npoo av. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov ntaub ntawv nrog me me ntawm cov crumbs yog qhov haum rau xaus rau lub chaw sab hauv - lub saum npoo yuav tsis muaj kev vam meej.
Tam sim no nws tsim nyog hais tias cov nta ntawm txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm.
Quartz crumb muaj qhov nruab nrab adhesion nrog cov polymer polymer, ib qho chaw du, kev puas tsuaj sawv ntsug thiab khawb.
Lub puab tsaig txhais tau tias cov huab ua kom zoo nrog cov polymer zoo, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis kam rau kev puas tsuaj thiab khawb qis. Cov nplej ntawm marble crumbs muaj qhov sib luag.
Granite tus me nyuam tseem muaj qhov sib luag, nruab nrab grain nrog polymeric xyoob, zoo kuj ua rau puas tsuaj thiab khawb.
Ntxiv rau cov ntxhia chav ua ke, polymeric granules tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov qauv sib dhos (Cellulab txheej tuam txhab Someframap)
Cov chaw ntawm kev thov kho kom zoo nkauj rau cov plasters
| Hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv | Plag tsev sab hauv vaj tse | Phab ntsa thiab qab nthab nyob hauv tsev: | Facades ntawm cov tsev | Casoccols ntawm cov vaj tse | Cua sov siab tshaj plaws, nrog | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nyob rau hauv raw | Hauv qhuav | |||||
| Epoxy | +. | +. | +. | Mus txog 140. | ||
| Polyurethan | +. | +. | +. | +. | Mus txog 140. | |
| Tus kws ntxawv | - | +. | +. | Kom txog rau thaum 90. | ||
| STyrene Acrylic | - | +. | +. | +. | +. | Mus txog 65. |
| Butadiene-rigid | - | +. | +. | +. | Mus txog 65. | |
| Polyvinila acetate | - | - | +. | - | - | Kom txog rau thaum 90. |
Daim ntawv thov : "+ Xyuas kom pom zoo," "" tso cai, "-" tsis siv.
EMBOSSED SURFACES YUAV UA LI CAS?
Los ntawm txoj kev sib sau ua ib daim duab ntawm cov chaw, cov plasters zoo nkauj tau muab faib ua peb pawg loj. Qhov ua ntej suav nrog cov plasters, kos duab rau saum npoo ntawm uas yog thov los ntawm "cov menyuam yaus, cov txhuam hniav me me, txhuam, khaub rhuab lossis ntiv tes.Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lub tsheb Kevyt-Rae zoo nkauj chaw ntawm kev lag luam kev ua si ntawm kev lag luam kev ua si ntawm kev lag luam kev ua si
Qhov thib ob pab pawg loj yog plaster muaj me me ntawm coarse cov granules ntawm cov ntxhia ua ke thiab cov sib sau nto raws li "txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke". Tom qab ua ntawv thov rau phab ntsa, qhov loj yog sab uas nrog ib qho spatula lossis ironing. Tib lub sijhawm, kev kos duab tshwm ntawm phab ntsa vim yog kev sib raug ua ke ntawm cov muab ua ke ntawm cov tub lim thiab zawj thiab zawj yog cov tub rog muaj cov duab sib npaug; b) khawb lossis "hwj txwv" - yog tias cov nplej ntawm cov muab tub lim yog ntxhib yog ntxhib thiab muaj cov duab tsis xwm yeem. Cov no yog import plaster kh-rillenputpuz ntawm lub tuam txhab TEX-RM tuam txhab FRS, Qaib ntxhw) thiab domestic Svyatozar-7-décor ntawm Stroykompleks (Russia), Plastone ua suab khov kho "plastone" (Russia). Zoo, muaj lwm pab pawg dav heev ntawm cov hniav sib luag zoo nkauj (saum toj no lawv tau hu ua cov khoom siv "textured, uas tau ua rau cov khoom lag luam tom ntej, thiab tuaj yeem raug nthuav tawm nrog cov smoother. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, saum npoo, nyob ntawm cov khoom siv, dhau los ua monophonic lossis multicolor. Ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev thov cov tsho tiv no yog txau nrog cov khoom siv pneumatic. Nws yog kim heev, thiab lawv feem ntau siv cov tub txawg. Qee lub sij hawm nws zoo li tias xws li ib txoj kev ntawm txheej yog yooj yim heev, txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov kev txawj ntse nyob rau ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov kev cai ntawm kev txau siab thiab huab cua ntws, uas ua ke muab cov ntawv thov zoo hom thiab kev noj ntawm cov khoom. Cov kev txwv no cov khoom lag luam feem ntau ua rau cov khoom ntim khoom.
Hniav Cov Ntaus Sib Tw
Hniav cov ntaub ntawv tiav, uas tau txais lub npe ntawm "kab sib txawv" los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab, tsim nyog sib cav sib ceg. Lawv lub ntsiab sib txawv los ntawm cov plasters zoo nkauj yog tias lawv muaj ntau cov khoom siv uas tau siv tas li rau saum npoo ua tiav. Piv txwv li, kev xa cov capaflock vario qhov zoo nkauj variosthem (lub thawv nrog multicolor hais cov kua nplaum capaflock-chips nrog pob tshab capaflock-tag lacquer. Tsis ntev los no, ntau cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim ntawm kev muag khoom. Qhov no, piv txwv li, JOBS JOBSrloc Chips System (Lub teb chaws Yelemees), Multicolor Hmoov Zoo Domolok, Mosaik tsis muaj lub siab tikkurila (Finland) thiab lwm yam.
Ua haujlwm nrog lawv feem ntau tau nqa tawm hauv peb theem. Ua ntej, cov kua nplaum muaj composition yog siv nrog txhuam, cov menyuam lossis txau, yam tsis tau tos kom qhuav, nrog rau lub pneumatic tshwj xeeb) yog li lawv kaw qhov chaw. Rau cov clutch zoo dua, kom qhuav, plaub ya ri dov nrog roj hmab cov menyuam. Tom qab cov kua nplaum dries, txau yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawv kawg li ntawm lacquer txheej, uas muab cov khoom siv nrog cov peev xwm ntxuav nws. Tej zaum tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj yog tias tom qab thov cov kua roj vanish, cov chaw kho kom zoo rau "ua pa".
Qee qhov zoo nkauj variosystems
| Tawv | Kos. | ibib feem | 2. ib feem | 3. ib feem | Tsab ntawv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsev ua | "Svyatozer-Colorophil" | Muab lo | Multicolored flakes | Acrylic lacquer | Cheebtsam yog thov ua tiav |
| Caparol | Capaflock Vario | Capaflock hu | Capaflock-chips. | Capaflock-tiav | « |
| Ua hauj lwm | JOBYFLOOC. | Ua hauj lwm-grundschieht. | Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. | Lub Koom Haum Ua Si | « |
| Rooj zaum | Luminence II. | Luminence-puag. | Luminence-flakes. | Luminence vernis. | « |
| Helios. | Spektra domoflok. | Domoflok puag | Domofllok-leaded | Domoflok-varnish | Thib 2 thiab 3 Cheebtsam tau sib xyaw |
Hniav Xim Duab
Zoo, thiab ua kom tiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab ua kom zoo nkauj hauv kev txiav txim siab ntxiv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog me ntsis rau lwm pab pawg uas hu ua "Cov Duab Hniav". Lawv txawv ntawm cov xim pleev xim zoo nkauj siab ntom ntom thiab viscosity. Cov duab pleev xim yog siv nrog txhuam, cov menyuam lossis txau nrog cov ntaub pua rooj tshwj xeeb nrog cov duab sib dhos, cov duab kos tau muab.
Ntawm no, peb hais ntau tshaj ib novelty: granite, marble fillers, uas yog siv ntau hom kev sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv nrog cov xim sib xyaw). Thiab muaj cov kab ke uas cov khoom siv khi thiab muab tub lim rau hauv cov khoom sib txawv, thiab ua ntej siv lawv yuav tsum tau sib xyaw, xaiv cov feem ntawm lawv tus kheej saj. Ua piv txwv, Catteau Adms system tuaj yeem raug nplua, muaj cov thawv ntim nrog cov phau ntawv los ntawm cov khoom lag luam styrene thiab cov hnab txhais tes.
Npaj Npaj Tsis Muaj
Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum ruaj khov, qhuav thiab huv si, uas tsis muaj kab ntawm chalk, roj thiab silicones, tsis muaj qhov tsis yooj yim thiab tsis xws luag (ntau tshaj 2-4 mm). Yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog qhov ua ntej impraces, uas yog lub zog tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam, tsim cov kev cai ua kom zoo dua Adhesion ntawm hniav plaster nrog phab ntsa.Ntau npaum li cas yog "pluab tsho" rau phab ntsa?
Cov nqi ua tiav rau cov ntaub ntawv dai kom zoo nkauj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, tab sis pawg muaj kwv yees li $ 1.2 txog $ 8-10 txog ib phaus. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov khoom sib txawv ntws los ntawm 1 mus rau 6 kg ib square meter - raws li tus nqi kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub square meter yuav nce. Qhov qis tshaj kev noj ntawm cov khoom hauv kev sib tw: piv txwv li, rau qhov "tshaj tawm ntawm cov kua roj vanishoflof" square meter yuav yog kwv yees li $ 2, 8-3); Capaflock vario txheej yuav raug nqi li $ 8 rau M2. Ntau cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj pleev xim: 0.9-1.5 kg / m2. Lawv tus nqi tuaj yeem yog $ 3 txog $ 8-9 rau M2. Zoo, ntawm chav kawm, tus nqi txaus siab tshaj plaws (1.5-5 kg / m2) hauv dai kom zoo nkauj rau cov plasters; Nws yuav tsum tau los ntawm lub siab xav tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv cov tub lim nrog cov mranules, nws feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov, ntsig txog, tus nqi txaus ($ 3-15 rau M2).
Qee qhov ntawm cov domestic thiab imported pleev xim ua kom zoo nkauj
| Tawv | Kos. | Lub hauv paus | Ntim Lub cim | Saib ntawm txheej. Daim Ntawv Thov Cheeb Tsam | Kev noj haus ntawm niam Ala | Qhuav *, A / B, H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petrmix, Russia | Mosaic, Plaster | Tus kws ntxawv | Marble lossis Quartz Crumb | Mosaic thiab textured plaster rau tag facades thiab interiors rau txhua qhov chaw, tshwj tsis yog silicone thiab yas. | 1.5-3.5 | 4-5 / 24. |
| Plastone, Russia | Lub suab nrov plastone | Tus kws ntxawv | Marble lossis Quartz Crumb | Hniav ua tiav plaster rau sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov ntawm kev ua vaj tse, hlau, thiab lwm yam. | 2.0-4.0 | 2/24 |
| Kev tsa tsev Plex, Russia | Svyatozar-7 décor | Tus kws ntxawv | Quartz Crumb | Rau cov qauv tiv thaiv zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntsej muag thiab phab ntsa hauv tsev. | 0.5. | 1-2 / 24. |
| Akzo Nobel Sadolin tuam txhab ruaj, Finland | Sadolin sandokryl-g | Tus kws ntxawv | Tsis | Txheej txheem tha xim. Rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb (suav nrog lub teeb), shutkatu- Cov nplaim hluav taws. | 1-1,2 | 1/24 |
| Bayra- MLAR GRUBU, QAIB NTXHW | Bayramix ntxhia. | Tus kws ntxawv | Granite thiab Marble Crumb | Hniav txheej ua tiav cov facades thiab interiors nyob hauv tsev ntawm cov pob zeb, chipboard, ntoo. | 1.5-3.5 | 12/24 |
| Bolix, poland. | Bolix tu. | Tus kws ntxawv | Quartz Crumb | Universal plaster loj. Rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraud thiab sab hauv. | 3.5 | 2-4 / 24. |
| Kalete- Rasit, qaib ntxhw | Dekhor +. | Tus kws ntxawv | Marble Chips | Rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraud thiab sab hauv. | 3.3-3.5 | 2/24 |
| LITX, USA | Corev-Pob Zeb | Tus kws ntxawv | Marble thiab Granite Crumb | Hniav txheej. Rau faadeade ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa thiab puag, ntawm tej chaw. | 1.2-1.6 | 3-4 / 24. |
| RM Distribu- Tawm, Fabkis | Crepi décor. | Vinyl Copolymers | Quartz Crumb | Nyem txheej txheej txheej txheej. Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraud rau cov facing facades thiab nyob sab hauv tsev | 1.5-2.5 | 0.5 / - |
| Soframap, fabkis | Lub sam siv | Tus kws ntxawv | Polymer granules | Multicolor txheej. Nyob sab hauv tsev rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa. | 0.45 | 8/8 hnub |
| Somefor, Fabkis | Txawj sau ntawv | Tus kws ntxawv | Cellulosic fiber | Hniav txheej txheem plasters. Rau sab hauv xov ua haujlwm sab hauv. | 1.3-2.0 | 3-4 / 24. |
| S.p.S. BV, Netherlands | Minigrani. | Khoom hluavtaws resins | Granite Crumb | Cov khoom siv ntxhib nrog cov quartz nplej loj. Rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv. | 2.5 | 6/3-5 hnub |
| Tex-xim, Lub teb chaws Yelemees | Khl-rollpackz. | Khoom hluavtaws resins | Tsis | Hniav plaster rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov khoom hauv av ntxhia, DVP, Chipboard, Plywood, thiab lwm yam. | Thib 2 | 24 / - |
| Tikkurila, Finland | Kevyt-Rae. | Tus kws ntxawv | Tsis | Rau phab ntsa thiab qab nthab thiab qab nthab nyob hauv tsev, qhob, plaster, fiberboard, chipboard, gvl. | 1-1.5 | 1-5 / 24. |
| Viero, ltalis | GRANPER | Tus kws ntxawv | Marble Chips | Hniav plaster rau kev ua tiav Facades thiab kev ua haujlwm sab hauv. | 3.5-4.5 | 2-4 / 24. |
* Lub sijhawm kom qhuav: thiab - mus rau "tig", b - tag nrho.