Kev tsim kho tsis muaj paas yog tsis yooj yim sua. Peb yuav qhia, los ntawm dab tsi cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab tseem ceeb npaum li cas thiab tsim nyog cov khoom siv yog tsim.
Txhua txog Cheebtsam thiab cov hau kev ntawm cov cement ntau lawm
Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov yam ntxwvHom Binder
Peb txoj hauv kev tsim khoom
- Qhuav
- Ntug dej
- Ua ke
Dab tsi yog xis mas
Cov khoom siv yog siv dav heev. Nws yog siv los ua cov khoom lag luam ywj pheej thiab muab rau cov kev daws teeb meem. Tag nrho cov no yog vim muaj cov khoom ntawm cov tov qhuav - nws tuaj yeem ua cov yas thaum cov dej ntxiv, thiab tom qab ib ntus, peb yuav tawv, peb yuav tawv, peb yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj, tig mus ua pob zeb. Nws cov yam ntxwv yog qee qhov sib txawv nyob ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub los ntawm txoj cai xis.
Nws ib txwm muaj tsib yam khoom xyaw loj. Peb yuav txheeb xyuas lawv txog qhov piv txwv ntawm Portland xis mas, ib qho ntawm cov tshaj plaws nrhiav-tom qab ntau yam:
- Calcium oxide - Tsis pub tsawg tshaj 61%;
- Silicon Dioxide - tsawg kawg 20%;
- ciaj sia li 4%;
- Hlau oxide - tsis muaj tsawg dua 2%;
- Magnesium oxide - tsawg kawg 1%.
Cov quav ntxiv uas txhim kho qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv rau hauv cov sib tov. Cov tsiaj sib txawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw. Kev tsim khoom feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm kev tso nyiaj.
Cov zaub mov muaj cov zaub mov yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm hauv txoj kev qhib, qhov no yog:
- Carbonate pob zeb: dolomite, mergel, riseline, chalk thiab lwm yam limestone.
- Cov breads: tsawg dua, Suplink, Shale.
Raws li cov ntxiv tau siv apatites, dej nyab dej nyab, silica, alumina, thiab lwm yam.
Hom khoom siv
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm xis mas los ntawm kev muag khoom. Lawv sib txawv ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov yam ntxwv:
- Lub zog. Qhov ntsuas tau tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau qhia ntawm daim ntawv lo. Nws tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsab ntawv M thiab tus lej. Kawg thiab txhais lub zog. Nws txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim kev ua haujlwm.
- Feem. Txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog lub thwj. Dab tsi nws yog thinner, ntau cov khoom lag luam txaus siab tau txiav txim siab. Qhov zoo tshaj yog cov lus sib xyaw ntawm cov loj thiab me me, txij li tsuas yog sib tsoo nyias yuav tsum tau dej nyias yuav tsum muaj dej ntau dhau thaum lub sijhawm kneading.
- Kev loj ceev. Kev sib txawv los ntawm kev qhia Gypsum rau hauv kev sib xyaw. Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom, nws tuaj yeem txawv.
- Frost kuj. Txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau khov thiab ua txhaum cai. Cov khoom siv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm xws li no nws tuaj yeem tiv taus tsis hloov nws cov khoom.
Qhov xav tau dej thaum cov tshuaj yog kneading nyob ntawm seb ntawm cov khoom siv, yog li cov dej rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj muas txawv. Cov kua dej ntau dhau zuj zus tuaj.
Nyob ntawm cov uas tau txais ntawm daim ntawv thov, ntau hom Maas mixtures yog txawv.
Portland cement
Tuav hauv huab cua thiab hauv dej. Cov khoom siv hauv ntxhia kuj tsis tuaj. Dav siv los npaj ntau ntau haiv neeg monolithic.Sulfate resistant
Nws cov yeeb yam yog nce tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev kub siab me me. Qhov no tso cai rau kev siv sulphate-resistant cement los tsim hydrochnical, cov qauv hauv av, thiab lwm yam.
Lub pob tawb
Nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ntau yam sulphate-resistant, tab sis nrog ntxiv ntawm cov zaub mov muaj peev xwm. Maj mam tawv, muaj dej tsis kam. Siv rau kev tsim khoom hydraulic.Vibsh
Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcium thiab alumina. Qhov no tso cai rau qhov sib xyaw kom yooj yim sai sai. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv nrawm nrawm nrawm thiab tsim kho cov kev tsim kho, kev siv ceev, lub caij ntuj no concreting, thiab lwm yam.
Acid-resistant
Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog Quartz xuab zeb thiab sodium siliconfluoride. Nws tsis yog tov nrog dej, tab sis nrog kua iav. Siv kom tau txais cov kua qaub acid-resistant. Nws tsis tiv nrog qhov tsis tu ncua.Yas
Nws yog tsim nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv tshwj xeeb uas muab cov dej siab tsis kam thiab muaj kev muaj mob ntau ntxiv rau kev daws teeb meem no nrog cov kev daws teeb meem. Lawv tau txais ntau zog dua, zoo dua tiv taus cov kev daws teeb meem thiab qhov sib txawv hauv dej tsis kam.
Shakocotzer
Slag hloov mus rau nws daim ntawv qhia, qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm uas tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 20% mus rau 80% ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Nws txo cov sib tov, qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov kev kho kom nrawm thiab ua rau cov kub ua kom tsis taus. Nws yog siv los npaj cov khoom siv hauv av hauv av thiab hauv qab dej thiab cov khoom hauv av.
Raws li kev xyaum qhia, Portland xis mas yog qhov kev nrhiav tshaj plaws-tom qab kev xaiv. Nws yog nws uas txhais tau tias thaum nws los txog rau cement.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Kom Maas
Kev siv tshuab yog kom tau txais thiab tom qab sib tsoo clinker. Yog li hu ua granules, uas yog cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm kev tsim khoom. Lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg yeej ib txwm tsis hloov. Qhov no yog lub limestone thiab av nplaum, sib xyaw hauv 3: 1 kev faib ua feem. Nyob rau hauv xwm, muaj ib qho ntxhia, tag nrho rau cov npoo. Nws hu ua milegel. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov peev txheej yog txwv thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab qhov xav tau kev tsim khoom.
Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw ua haujlwm siv cov analogue ntawm mab. Yuav kom tau txais nws, cov khoom siv tsim nyog tau ua tib zoo sib xyaw nyob rau hauv cov thawv loj nrog cov nruas tshwj xeeb. Cov huab hwm coj tau npaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yog pub rau hauv lub cub hluavtaws, uas nws kub hnyiab ib ncig plaub teev. Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov txheej txheem yog li 1500 ° C. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov hmoov pib maj mus rau hauv cov granules me me. Tom qab txias, clinker nplej yog xa mus rau sib tsoo. Lawv tau tsoo hauv cov nruas loj nrog cov pob nrog cov pob. Nyob rau theem no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom zom cov granules thiab tau txais cov khoom hmoov ntawm qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Kev sib tsoo yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov sievell ob lub cell. Lub hmoov nplej tau sib xyaw nrog cov khoom ntxiv tsim nyog uas txiav txim siab cov hom thiab cov khoom lag luam.
Cov ntaub ntawv xa mus ua tiav yog khaws lossis rau ntu ntim khoom, uas tau faib rau lub thawv sib txawv lossis lub tsheb ceem tshwj xeeb.
Txawm hais tias muaj cov thev naus laus zis, peb txoj kev tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntawv sib xyaw nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
Qhuav Zam
Hom no tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm thiab tus nqi tsim kev tsim cov xis mas sib tov. Nws qhia ob peb theem:
- Cov khoom siv raw yog crushed kom tau txais nplej hauv ib feem me me.
- Npaj granules tau qhuav kom ua tiav cov av noo. Qhov no yog ua kom yooj yim ua haujlwm tom ntej.
- Cov khoom xyaw muab sib xyaw ua ke. Tom qab ntawd, crushed, tau hmoov nplej.
- Hmoov yog muab rau cov rotating rauv taws, qhov uas nws hlawv, tab sis tsis ua kev txhaum nyob rau hauv granules.
Tom qab txias, cov khoom tiav tau xa mus rau lub tsev rau khoom lossis ntawm lub vev xaib ntim.
Ib txoj kev qhuav yog suav tias yog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg tshaj plaws, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig heev rau cov chaw tsim khoom. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis siv rau txhua pawg ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
Cov Qauv Ntub Dej
Muaj qee kis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom cov khoom siv tau npaj rau kev tsim khoom. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, txoj kev ntub dej yog siv. Txhawm rau npaj cov clinker, uas muaj cov av limestone thiab av nplaum, sib tov ntawm lub ntsiab Cheebtsam nrog ntxiv ntawm cov dej sib xyaw. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub hom phiaj loj tau txais, uas yog hu ua sludge.
Nws yog pw hauv qhov cub uas lub qhov cub tawg. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, granules yog tsim los ntawm sludge, uas tau xa mus rau kev sib tsoo tom qab txias.
Cov hmoov tau los ntawm Clinker yog tov nrog kev sib tsoo additives. Tsuas yog tom qab tias cov khoom tau npaj tau ntim khoom thiab cia. Cov muaj kev sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis muaj tus nqi siab tshaj.
Sib Tsoo Txoj Kev
Nws yog siv los txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav. Nws yog ib hom ntawm cov cim ntawm cov tshuab qhuav thiab ntub dej. Nws yog pib tov los ntawm sludge, uas yog tom qab lub cev qhuav dej. Yog li ua clinker. Nws nkag mus rau qhov cub ua haujlwm rau "cov thev naus laus zis". Tom ntej no, yog tias tsim nyog, sib xyaw nrog cov fillers, thiab cov khoom yog npaj tau. Cov txheej txheem yog qhia hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov yees duab.
Qhov zoo ntawm cement loj nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw los ntawm uas nws yog tsim tawm, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua raws li txhua theem. Muab hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tsim kho los ntawm nws tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov sib tov sib xyaw, nws tsim nyog them rau kev saib ze rau nws.