Teknụzụ nke owuwu nke ụlọ na mkpokọta mpaghara 384 m2 nke brik bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị dị ọnụ na nke ụwa niile.
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N'agbanyeghi otutu noventadies na ahia ihe owuwu, brick na-anọgide otu n'ime ihe eji eme ihe na uwa uwa. Mgbidi ọ na-adịgide adịgide, na-agbanwe agbanwe ma na-adịgide adịgide, na teknụzụ nke owuwu ụlọ na-emekwa ka obi ike zuru ezu nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme egwuregwu ga-eduga ogologo oge N'etiti "nkume".
Ulo akwukwo
Ihe owuwu nke ulo brick agaala ọdịnala nke ndị mmepe Russia n'otu n'otu. Ndị na-eme atụmatụ imepụta ụlọ brick na mpaghara ha nwere ike ịmasị ụlọ otu n'ime ụlọ nke yiri nke Cedar dị nso. A na-arụ ọrụ ahụ site na taungeat (Russia) n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ ọrụ ("ọkacha mmasị")).Anyị na-amalite na ntọala
Typedị ntọala maka ntọala maka ụlọ a na-eburu n'uche ọnọdụ nke ala, yana ọrụ ahụ na-enye maka okpuru ulo. Enyere ya na mkpokọta teepu site na ọkọlọtọ FBS ihe na-agagharị na efere monolittic. Nhazi ya bụ ihe a na-eme bụ: ntọala (monolithic stovu), bricwork na obosara brik abụọ na eriri monolithic, nke pates na-ekpuchi ala nke mbụ.
Tupu egbutu ahihia, a na-ewepụ ala nri na mpaghara niile. Na omimi nke 1.7 m (n'okpuru ọkwa nke kefriza ihe dị ka 0.3 m), ọ na-adọpụta ya site na ọpụpụ. A na-agba ọsọ na itinye aka na ala na mgbidi rụrụ. Ọzọkwa, n'akụkụ mpaghara ahụ dum, ekpuchi ala olulu kpuchiri ekpuchi ma kpuchie ájá iji mepụta akwa ohiri isi igwe ojii nke nwere ọkpụrụkpụ nke 20 cm. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-awụpụ ihe ndị a na-akpọ plọ-isi ahụ na-acha odo odo na-acha uhie uhie nke na-enweghị atụ. More ndị ọzọ na-eme ka mmiri na-acha uhie uhie "locurr" site na Teknụniciakol (Russia). Ihe a niile bụ iji bulie ntọala ahụ site na mmiri. Ọ kwesịrị iburu n'uche na maka ego site na mmalite enwere ọdịiche dị elu (ihe dị ka narị cm 10): Ebe a na-emegharị ahụ na-eche, na mpaghara efu - dị gịrịgịrị.
Ọzọ na akụkụ niile nke mmiri mmiri mmiri a, a na-ebulikwa usoro milking maka nnukwu efere monolithic. Mgbe ha rụcharala ya, ha na-ebipụ cubes site na usoro a kwadebere nke ika 100. Achọrọ iji mepụta oghere achọrọ (5cm) n'etiti etiti ahụ na ala. E tinyela emointing mkpọ ahụ site na ịkwado akụkụ nke cross nke 12mm, nke a wụsara ya na ọkwa dị mma 200 (B15). Iji zere ibipụta vodts, a na-eji vibrator dị omimi mgbe ị na-awụ. Mgbe ihe dị mkpa siri ike, ntọala bụ slab monolithic na-eme ka a na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọkpụrụkpụ nke 30-40cm. O nwere ike ịdabere na ya na-egbochi oge oge.
Nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ ịwụnye na efere nke ihe mgbochi ntọala (4058cm) fbs. A nabatara ha na sọks-aja na ahịrị atọ, otu dị n'elu nke ọzọ, na akwa, si otú a na-akpụ akụkụ nke okpuru ulo. Maka nkwukọrịta nke injinịa n'etiti ngọngọ nke ala dị ala n'ebe dị mma, emere oghere. Mgbe mmiri na-esi n'èzí gbagoo na mpụga, yana mmiri mkpuchi akpọnwụwo kpuchie ya. Mgbe ahụ na-anọghị n'azụ okpuru ulo a na-awụfu na ọkpụrụkpụ nke 50mm oké, nke edere na bitumen.
Mgbe ha na-egbochi mmiri ozuzo na mgbochi ahụ gburugburu ogige ahụ, na-etinye bricwork (obosara - brik abụọ, yana ngwaọrụ ahụ n'ime ala okpuru ulo. Brick masonry elu - 12 ahịrị. Na mgbochi na-akpụ mgbidi dị n'ime, dina na masonry n'ime ahịrị anọ n'elu, na-eburu n'uche eriri monolithic na 30cm, nke a ga-eme ka ọ dị elu nke ụlọ ahụ.
Ihe oru ngo a na-ebugharị ụgbọala. Maka ya, na ịdị elu nke 20cm site na akara efu, a na-eme ka ihe mkpuchi dị ike nke 20 cm, nke e wuru ya na ntọala ahụ na ntọala ahụ.
Na perimeta nke onye na-ahụkarị, a rụnyere ụdị usoro ahụ n'okpuru akụkụ mgbọrọgwụ monolitc nke 3830cm yana etiti 10mm Rebar. Belt Belcrete M200 Brand.
N'ihi na ejiri ihe ndị na-agafe agafe, a na-eme ka akụkụ ahụ dị ike mee ihe, nke a na-edozi ya na otu ihe ahụ dị ka onye Masonry. Enyere ya na efere. Ihe na-adọta oghere dị n'etiti ogwe ciment. Iji wụsa ndị na-agba ọkụ nke kpo oku, ọkpọkọ mmiri na ebe ọkpọ, amatụ ya na oghere nke oghere 150mm. Iji nyefee site na isi ihe na-enye mmiri na ebe a na-ebe mmiri, anyị gwuru olulu nke 1.5m.
Na Njirimara nke brik
Njiri mara nke brik. Ọ na-egosi ya bụ ibu kachasị ike (VKG) na ụlọ 1cm2, akwụkwọ ozi, na-egosi ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ya. Maka owuwu ụlọ ruo ala atọ, brik M100, na-ejide ya ibu 100KG / cm2, kachasị mma dabara adaba.
Njirimara ọzọ nke ụnya ọrụ nke eriri ọkụ na-eguzogide (ike ijigide ụfọdụ obere usoro na-ajụ oyi). Ọ na-ekpebi ogologo oge nke ihe owuwu ahụ ma na-ekwupụta site na mkpụrụedemede F. ka ọ na-egosi, na ntu oyi na-eguzogide brik dịkarịa ala 25-50, na-obere oge 75. Maka ihu igwe dị na Moscow, ọ dị mkpa iji brick nwere ntu oyi iguzogide nke opekata mpe F35 (usoro 35). Ebumnuche zuru oke nke brick seramiiki mejupụtara aha ha, ụdị, ike ọkwa, koodu geometry na stampụ ntukwagide, yana ọnụọgụ ọbịa. Otu ogologo zuru oke seramiiki M100 Brand na ntu oyi iguzogide F35 bụ ihe a: Brick K-100/15-95.
Brick "kpochapụwo" nwere akụkụ ndị a: ogologo ("spoons") - 250mm, obosara (120mm, ogo) 60mm; Ibu ibu - 3.5-3.8KG, Mass 1m3 masonry - banyere 1700Kg. Akụkụ ndị dị otú ahụ na-enye gị ohere ịme mgbidi dị mgbagwoju anya, dina ihe ịchọ mma. Ọkụ na-eguzogide mgbidi brik na-enye ha ohere ịnọ n'akụkụ ya na ihe ọkụ na ụdọ.
N'agbanyeghi eziokwu na ihe eji eme ihe, o nwere udiri oku na-anyụ: Na mgbidi ikuku dị ala, na mgbidi ndị dị na mpụga site na brick 1.6 m (brik isii!) . Na mgbidi nke ụlọ ebe obibi site na a na-ahụkarị ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, yabụ na-etinye ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, yabụ na-etinye mgbidi ya na ọkpụrụkpụ na-enweghị blọgụ abụọ, mana ya na iwu mkpuchi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere mkpuchi mkpuchi).
Iji melite njirimara nchebe na-eji brik oghere. Anyị ga-enwe oke ikuku nke na-egbochi ebe a na-edebe ihe karịrị ụlọ ahụ. Ma ihe dị otú ahụ na-adịgide adịgide na mgbe arụpụtara mgbidi mgbidi, ọ chọrọ ihe dị mkpa (1.5-2 ugboro) na-abawanye na mgbidi mgbidi, nke na-abawanye ụgwọ owuwu. Brick mgbidi nwere nnukwu ikuku na-acha uhie uhie: ha ji nwayọ kpoo elu ma jiri nwayọ jụụ. Okpomoku di na ulo brick na-aga obere peremba ụbọchị, nke dị mma. Ma ọ bụrụ na n'oge oyi, ụlọ ahụ anụghị karịa izu abụọ, malitere ime ka ọ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ọnọdụ dị mma ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị.
Ihe ruru otu brick bụ 4-6 rubles.
N'azụ mgbidi nkume ahụ
Ikwupụta ihe ọkụ ọkụ nke mgbidi ahụ, a na-ahọpụta ụlọ ọrụ dị na mgbidi (38cm), na-enwe ciment conse (psb-c) dị n'etiti ha. A na-etinye oyi akwa na ọkpụrụkpụ nke 5cm bụ ihe kwekọrọ na ihe ndị na-ebipụta mgbidi nke mgbidi brik na ọkpụrụkpụ nke brik ise. Usoro dị otú ahụ na-eme ka ọrụ owuwu nke ụlọ ahụ dị mfe, ebe ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ na mkpuchi ya nwere ike rụrụ n'akụkụ nke abụọ, mgbe owuwu igbe.
E wuru mgbidi na bọlbụ ahụ siri ike na brik. A na-eme ọkpụrụkpụ nke seams na nkezi na 12mm. Ndị Masonry amalitela mgbe niile site na mpụga, site na nkuku ụlọ ahụ. N'otu oge ahụ, n'akụkụ ọ bụla, e mere igwe eji eme ka ihe dị elu 6-8, na-enwe ụdị nke kwụsiri ike. (Ụdị nke mgbidi dị na mgbidi dị na ezumike nwa oge.) Ya mere, dị ka mgbaji a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke Masonry na mbụ. Maka ike nke ahịrị Masonry dugara na akwa ogologo, mgbe ị na-eji brick niile, kamakwa ọkara ya na ebe atọ.
A na-etinyekwa mgbidi na-emegharị emegharị site na waya 5mm ọ bụla ahịrị masonry n'ịdị elu. Ngwongwo Mosh sonyeere onwe ha waya. A na-ewukwa mgbidi ụlọ site na brik zuru oke. A rụrụ ụzọ ha na mpụga ahụ, na-agafe ahịrị brick ọzọ naanị site na nke ọzọ. Mgbidi nke ụlọ ahụ mere ka ọ dị mma dị ka mpụga.
Na mgbakwunye, n'ime ime mgbidi nke ụlọ ahụ ka etinyere chimneys na channel. E debere ha brick zuru oke na akwa kwesịrị ekwesị nke masonry Masonry. Na ọkpụrụkpụ nke mgbidi na ọwa dị n'etiti ha bụ opekempe nke pollipich. Iji wuo ọwa, a na-eji otu ihe ahụ mee ihe maka mgbidi ụlọ ahụ. Nkebi nke n'ime ụlọ ahụ nwere ọkpụrụkpụ 12 cm (pollipich) ma mee ka waya 5mm site na ahịrị abụọ nke masonry na elu. Oghere dị nso na windo bidoro ịmalite site na oghere onwe ha ka ihe ndị a na-eji brick kwupụtara n'etiti mgbidi ahụ. A na-eme jumpers na oghere ahụ site na ihe dịịrị ya. Ogo dị elu nke jumpeper na elu nkwado dị n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla bụ 150 mm. A na-eji ụdị ihe a na-eme (dị n'elu ụfọdụ profaịlụ nchara nke a na-eme, nke Masonry mere.
Osisi antiseptik (bitumen kpuchiri ekpuchi, otutu brik - atọ n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla, na ebe dị anya site na ijikọ ọnụ ụzọ na-ejikọ ọnụ ụzọ nke ndị Masonry.
Mauerlat (Bar 150150mm) - Nkwado maka oke osisi - dị na ọnọdụ dị elu nke ụlọ nke abụọ (ahịrị ahịrị) - na waya na Wire na Wire (mkpanaka) na gburugburu ụlọ ahụ. Iji kpuchigide na-emegide ya, ụlọ mmanya tupu itinye nrụnye na akwa abụọ nke robaid. Mgbe nke ahụ gasị, ha malitere ịtọ ntọala ụlọ elu. A na-etinye mkpuchi mmiri mkpuchi ahụ na rafter, nke osisi na-edozi, eth-3 eth-3 tọgbọrọ n'elu ya, ebe ọ bụ na a họọrọ tatminoous dị ka ụlọ. A na-etinye akwa n'etiti efere ahụ na ihe mejupụtara bitmen. Mgbe emesịrị akwụkwọ, "ụlọ" ụlọ "ụlọ mkpuchi" na mkpuchi na plasta a n'ime mgbidi.
Marks etinyere mgbama aluminom pụrụ iche, yana maka akụkụ mpụga, akụkụ pụrụ iche na-eme ka ọ dị. A na-eji ngwakọta nke Arabote jiri (Finland) na nchịkọta maka nkwadebe na itinye ihe ngwọta ya, nye ya nri. A na-etinye ihe ngwọta ahụ site na home ya na akwa na-edo edo n'oge ọrụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-ahazi ya: ewepụrụ oke oke ahụ, n'ebe enweghị agbakwunyere. Enyere ihe ngwọta a na-emeghe na-enye oge iji kpọọ nkụ ma malite grabbing (1-1.5 awa). Emechara elu ahụ na grater pụrụ iche iji wepụ obere tuberculos, na-eme ka ọfụma dị mma na pores, mgbe nke a fọdụrụ ụbọchị anọ maka ihicha ikpeazụ.
Nkpuru mkpuchi saịtị nke ụlọ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi (psb ụfụfụ-na 50mm siri ike) na mgbidi na dowel na-edozi ahụ gburugburu ebe ahụ. Ha wee malite plasta. A na-atọgbọ ngwakọta ahụ maka facade na n'ígwé abụọ. Maka nke mbụ, ike gwụrụ n'ime iko ahụ. Na ọkpụrụkpụ nke plasta oyi akwa na ntọala bụ 5 cm, na ebe ndị ọzọ nke 1cm. Mgbe emechara ọrụ ndị a, na-adọkpụ na ntinye nke nkwukọrịta nke injinịa malitere.
Okpomoku nke okpomoku nke sistemu kpo oku bu ctc boar (Sweden) na-akpaka iwu nke ọnọdụ ọrụ. Nke a, yana bosh sie (Germany) maka mmiri kpo oku etinyere n'ime mmiri boiler. Ngwakọta pịa Cordido Radiators (Czech Republic) na njikọta nke ọkpọkọ kpuchie n'ala. A na-ebugharị akwara nke sistemu mmiri na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na efere nke uko ụlọ na ọla ígwè plastik, nke a na-awụkwasị ya na akwa nke sọọd. Emekọla radiators mgbe ngwụcha nke plasta.
A na-eweta ike ọkọnọ site na eriri na ihe transformer na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọta nke ụlọ ahụ. Ọta dị na counter na-eri eletrik na-eche nche ọkụ na nchekwa nchekwa, a na-akwa akwa ahụ na igbe. A na-eme warring n'ụzọ zoro ezo.
Mgbe ha gụchara ọrụ na ijikọ sistemụ injinịakọta, ụlọ ahụ gafere ịchọ mma nke mgbidi dị n'ime.