Makoma a chimango amatetezedwa bwino ku ozizira ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachepetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, makasitomala amakopa ntchito zomalizidwa zosiyanasiyana, mtengo wovomerezeka komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Ndi momwe ma telonoloje akondera?
Nyumba ya chimango imatha kukhazikitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Tekinoloje yakale (ndichikhalidwe kuyimbira kuti Finnish) ikuyenera kusonkhanitsa mafupa a nyumbayo kuchokera kumabodi (matabwa), trims ndi makutu akomweko pamalo omanga. Njira ina imakhudza kugula mwatsatanetsatane kwa mawonekedwe a fakitale - tsegulani manels kapena mapanelo omenyera. Pomaliza, mutha kugula nyumba kuchokera ku ma module a voliyumu.
Kukonza chiwembu
Tiye tikambirane za zikhulupiriro, zabwino ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya Sander (kusiya nyumba zokongoletsedwa kumbuyo, zomwe zidzaperekedwa ku nkhani yosiyana), koma tisanaphatikize mwachidule - ma khoma.
Kukhudza Board Board
Zotsika mtengo komanso nthawi yomweyo (dothi lililonse) maziko a nyumba ya skeleton - mulu wa mulu. Pamalo owuma, mutha kuthira phulusa loyandama. Chifukwa chotenthetsera pansi pansi "Sweden"
Kupanga makoma a chimanga
Pomanga, mphamvu yayikulu imatha kudziwa kulumikizidwa molimbana ndi mnzake ndi bwenzi la rack ndi riglels kuchokera ku zinthu zolimba - nthawi zambiri mtengo. Monga lamulo, zimathandizira chophimba chakunja (kuchokera ku chipya-chipbodi, chipbor, plywood, etc.), zomwe zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwa nyumbayo komanso kuthekera kwa makoma. Ndipo makungwa otumphukira amafanana ndi mpweya kapena zodzaza ndi mpweya, womwe umayikidwa m'matumbo a chimango - omwe ali pakati pa makoswe ndi omenyera.
Chophimba cha chipinda chotchinga kapena chowongolera sichimapereka chitetezo chothandiza, motero, pansi pa zinthu zomaliza, zomwe zili ndi zolumikizira kapena zolumikizira zolumikizira
Ngati mchere wa fibrous umagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zotchinga, ndiye kuti chitetezo chawo, ndiye kuti chitetezero chilibe chinyezi - ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa zinthuzo ndi mafilimu apadera ndi ma nembanemba.
Kuyambira mkati mwa makoma a chimango nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa ndi ma shopu owuma, kenako ndikupaka utoto, kuphimba ndi pulasitala yokongoletsera kapena yokutidwa ndi mapepala. Kunja, pamwamba pa pepala lolemba, atha kupatulidwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa ).
Nyumba zochokera ku Sip-mapanelo nthawi zambiri zimapereka kwa kasitomala wopanda zokongoletsa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi kwa nthawi yayitali kuti achepetse ntchito yoyang'anira ntchito, chifukwa ngakhale osps apamwamba kwambiri sanapangidwe kuti azikhala ndi nkhawa yayitali
Makoma opangidwa mwaluso samapereka shrinkage ndipo satsekeka. Nyumbayo imagona mwachangu ndipo imasunga kutentha (makamaka ngati mukukhazikitsa Windows ndi mawindo osungira mphamvu). Pankhaniyi, khoma lochitidwa limangolira silikuvutika ndi kusintha kwa zero kuposa mwala kapena chipika.
Tsopano - za zovuta. Makoma ngati amenewa amakhala ndi ma pertia: zipinda mwachangu kudutsa windows kapena zitseko, ndipo malo owonera moto amatha kusintha chipinda chochezera m'chipinda chochezera. Koma misozi yofunikira kwambiri ndikuti khoma la spileton silitha kutenga chinyezi chowonjezera pachipinda cha chipinda. Chifukwa chake, m'nyumba yotere ndizovuta kuchita popanda dongosolo lamakono, mtengo womwe udzakhala ma ruble okwana 350,000. (Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kupereka malo kuti agoneke verkhonalov).
Nthawi zina imayikidwa molimba (kutalika m'mapati awiri) zotsekemera za angular zomwe zimachulukitsa mphamvu ya chimango
Mtengo wokwera kwambiri ukugunda mu Bars Strepring saloledwa - muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabatani
M'makona, maziko amalimbikitsidwa ndi matupi
Kumanga malinga ndi malamulo
Nyumba ya chimango ku Russia imayendetsedwa ndi cholumikizira (malamulo a malamulo) 31-105-2002. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane komanso chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chili ndi madera ndi zigawo za nyumbayo, makina azipangidwe ndi njira yotsimikizika yopanga ntchito kuyambira pamaziko oyambira musanamalize. Zambiri zachikale zokha zokhudzana ndi kusankha zida: zinthu zambiri zatsopano zidawonekera pamsika. Chikalatacho chimakhazikitsidwa ndi machitidwe a ku Europe ndipo sichikhudza mawonekedwe a zomangamanga ma sula ndi ma module.
Chimango chimapangidwa monga mapanelo a SIP amaikidwa pamalo ofukula, kusindikiza mafupa a polyurethane thovu
Nthawi zina malo omangawo amaphimbidwa ndi filimu yovuta
Zosankha za makoma a makoma a chimango: ndi khungu la mbale zofewa, ndikudzaza ndi vermiculite ndi kutsitsa kumathandizira
Ndi chivundikiro cha sosss, ndikudzaza ndi ubweya wa mchere ndi kuyambitsa. Mu sangweji wofanana, womangidwa amafunikira pakati pa mphepo ndi zotsatirazi (zomwe zili pafupi ndi msewu) wosanjikiza) wosanjikiza
Makoma okhala ndi zipwirikiti ziwiri zokutira kwa nyumba zogwira ntchito bwino: ubweya wamchere ndi batn thonje
Ndi fiberboard yokhala ndi hydrophobic ansembe
Zojambula za khoma: popanda chivundikiro chakunja, chokhala ndi sheel sheel (b)
1 - Bolodement lovenade yokhala ndi makulidwe osachepera 25 mm; 2 - Chepraner a WindProof-ovomerezeka; 3 - Doom; 4 - ubweya wamchere kapena thira lina; 5 - Kanema wa VAPOR; 6 - Masamba a pulasitala 6.5 mm (zigawo ziwiri); 7 - Vinyl kumbali kapena kutsitsa kwina kochepa; 8 - Mapulogalamu a Oss-3 okhala ndi makulidwe 12 mm; 9 - Pulogalamu ya oss esp clacs e 0,5 kapena plywood yokhala ndi makulidwe 10 mm; 10 - Gkl kapena GBL makulidwe 12.5 mm (wosanjikiza umodzi)
Matekinolojeni omanga: nyumba za ku Finnish ndi nyumba za SIP
Kutentha kumathandizira katundu wa makoma ndi mawonekedwe a microclimate yomwe imangokhala osadalira ukadaulo womanga. Kodi zimakhudza chiyani? Choyamba, liwiro la njirayi ndi mtengo wa 1 m2 wa malo a nyumbayo. Kuphatikiza apo, zofuna za zida zaukadaulo za kontrakitala. Pomaliza, kusankha kwanu kudzakuthandizanidi kulinganiza nyumbayo.Finnish Classic
Njirayi imalola kuchita popanda kukweza ukadaulo ndi ambiri ogwira ntchito. Ndipo sikofunikira kulumikizana ndi kampani yomanga - mutha kugula kapena kuyitanitsa ntchito ndikulemba ganyu ambuye kuchokera ku anthu awiri kapena atatu. Ndi bungwe lolondola la njirayi, bokosi la nyumbayo ndi dera la 120-150 M2 ndi mawindo ndi kukongoletsa kwanu kudzamalizidwa m'miyezi itatu.
Kuphweka kwa mawonekedwe a nyumba momasuka kumalipidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera mtundu wa Tyndy, zida zamakono ndi zonyezimira zazikulu
Tifotokozera mwachidule kumanga kwa mtembo wapakale. Pambuyo pomanga maziko ndi kulumikizana, mtengo wokulira pansi pansi woyamba wokhala ndi zipinda zokongoletsedwa. Kuphatikiza pa tsambali, pamalo opingasa, chimango cha makoma ndi magawo a pansi loyamba lakololedwa, zomwe zimadzutsidwa, zimangirizidwa ndikumangidwa pamwamba pa matabwa. Kenako yolunjika yolumikizidwa (ndi thandizo la kuwombera kumtunda) ndi chimango cha makoma a chipinda chachiwiri kapena kapangidwe kake kadelo.
Gawo lazomwe limachitika muzomwe zimasungidwa zimasankhidwa kuti zitsimikizire kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake kameneka ndi kukhazikika kwa ubweya wa mchere ndi 150-400 mm, kutengera nyengo ndi zofunikira pakuthana ndi kutentha).
Mafupa ophatikizika a nyumbayo amaphatikizidwa ndi pepala (nthawi zambiri ndi ma space-3 ndi makulidwe a 12-15 mm), kuphimba padenga, pambuyo pake maselo a chimango amadzaza. Lero, kunja kwa mpikisano, ubweya waubweya, koma palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa zinthu zina, monga ma cellulose a thonje kapena chithovu cha polyrethane. Mu njira yotchingira, mainjiniya ainjiniya akhazikika. Kenako makoma amalimbikitsidwa kunja kwamphepo yamkuntho (pokhapokha ngati pali ponseporm ya WindProof (pokhapokha ngati pali poimba) Khazikitsani ntchito yomaliza.
Mukamapanga Sander Wamng'ono, mutha kusankha zoseweretsa zilizonse, makonde, makhomphe ndi Loggias (ngakhale, zinthuzi zimawonjezera mtengo womanga). Koma kutalika kwa nyumbayo kuyenera kukhala kochepa kwa zitsulo ziwiri, ndipo njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yodalirika ndi pansi pathunthu ndi malo okhala.
Kutentha Kuthana ndi Moyo wa Makoma a nyumba yotereyi kumadalira makamaka pa ntchito ya ntchito, zomwe zimayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala - popanda thandizo la akatswiri olemba anzawo. Komanso poganizira ntchito zawo, mtengo wa 1 m2 wa malo onse a nyumbayo osayamba zida zokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsa zilibe ma ruble 16,000.
Mfundo
Zipinda za nyumba zazing'ono zamtchire zimatha kugulidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe cha 90s. Zaka zana zapitazi. Makoma adasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku ma panels otseguka - mawonekedwe a zinthu pafupifupi 1.2 × 2,5 m ndi chingwe chakunja kuchokera kukhoma, pyspood, etc. Kenako amalola kuzengereza kukhoma ndikupita kukongoletsa mkati. Masiku ano, makampani ena amakhazikitsanso mfundo za chimango pogwiritsa ntchito mapanelo otseguka a miyeso yayikulu (2.5 × 2.7 m kapena kuposerapo) zokongoletsera zakunja.
Makampani apadera amapereka nyumba kuchokera ku zojambula zopangidwa ndi ziwonetsero za chitukuko chawo, monga odzazidwa ndi ubweya wa mchere komanso fiberboard ("Martin House"). Komabe, ukadaulo womanga ku Canada wochokera ku Sip-Panel adatchuka kwambiri.
Pagawo lachikhalidwe lili ndi mbale ziwiri za Oss-3 zomwe pepala la polystyrene limapezeka. Osati kale kwambiri, mtundu watsopano wa chinthu cha galasi lagalasi ndi ubweya wambiri wobzala kwambiri womwe unawonekera pamsika. M'magawo onse awiriwa, magawo a gululi limodzi ndi guluu lomwe limasindikizidwa ndi guluu la polyurethane. Ma snels amatulutsa makulidwe osiyanasiyana; Chifukwa cholunjika ndi madenga pansi pa mikhalidwe ya Russia, zomwe zikuwoneka bwino ndi makulidwe 224 mm, pakhoma lakunja - 174 mm.
Tekinoloji yomanga imapereka kukhazikitsa kwa chimango chobisika kuchokera m'matabwa, ma racks ndi opsinjika omwe amaikidwa m'mphepete mwa mapanelo. Shakes ndi ziwalo zam'madzi zimasindikizidwa ndi thovu la polurethane.
Pa fakitole, ma module amalekanitsidwa ndi mkati ndi kunja
Sungani kapangidwe ka khwangwala ndi chiwonongeko, koma kuyika padenga la denga lakumaso kumachitika nyumba yamphamvu
Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito matanda awiri ndikulumikizana
Mukasonkhana kunyumba, tepi yolowera kuchokera ku zinthu zotsekemera zimamangidwa ndi tepi ya chikhomo kuchokera ku zotanuka, monga polynesienee. Kenako ma module ali okhazikika ndikulimba ndi zomata.
SIP-Panels of Standard (2.8 / 2.5 × 1.25 m) ndi kukula kwa siteri yolakwika kumagulitsidwa ndi opanga, ndipo ntchito yomanga msonkhano imakhala yovuta. Nthawi zambiri kunyumba paukadaulo waku Canada, amalamulidwa kumakampani opereka ntchito zingapo kuti asankhe.
Njira yomanga iyi imakhala yodalirika kuposa yodziwika bwino, chifukwa kampaniyo imapereka chitsimikizo kwa zaka 5 ku zida ndi ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, imakakamizidwa kuti athetse zilema zomwe zapezeka kwaulere, mwachitsanzo, ndikutsuka kapena kunyowa. Komabe, mtengo wa "Canada" nthawi zambiri umakhala wokulirapo kuposa "Chifinishi" - kuyambira ma ruble 19 zikwi zikwi. Kwa 1 m2 popanda kumaliza komanso ukadaulo.
Makoma a khoma amaloledwa kusonkhanitsa nkhuni zouma za m'chipinda chambiri. Ndizolondola kugwiritsa ntchito ma board okhazikika ndi mipiringidzo, zopangidwa kuchokera ku guluu misage kapena kuphatikiza 2-njira + zopukuta (nkhuni +)
Kukongoletsa kwa khoma ndi zokongoletsera zamatabwa
Chitsulo
Maziko a nyumba yotsika kwambiri amatha kusonkhana osati mitengo yokhayo, komanso kuchokera ku zitsulo zocheperako (nthawi zambiri ndi zigawo za malizi). Zinthu zoterezi zimaperekedwa ndi Atekham, Salves, Kingspan, ndi zina zambiri zabwino za ma rtk a lstk (owoneka bwino ndi zitsulo zapamwamba ndi kulondola kwa geometry. Monga lamulo, chimango chimaperekedwa kwa chinthu chomwe chakonzedwa bwino: mafayilowo amadulidwa kukula ndikulemba malinga ndi zolembedwa, mabowo oyeserera amawuma. Zogulitsa zachitsulo zimatetezedwa modalirika kwa kutukuka kotentha. Mosiyana ndi zitsulo ndi matabwa, sizimasweka ndipo osatseka.
Komabe, chitsulo chachitsulo, poganizira ntchito ya msonkhano, idzawononga pafupifupi 70% yokwera mtengo kuposa mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, maluso achitsulo, ngakhale ndi khoma lovomerezeka la makulidwe (0.7 mm) ndi zotupa, ndikuchepetsa kusamutsa kutentha, ndi milatho yozizira. Popewa mapangidwe a kapangidwe kake, makomawo akuyenera kukakamira ma thermopanels poyambira chithovu cha polystyrene, ndikuyika pa chimato.
Mawonekedwe a dongosolo lanyumba
Ndiukadaulo wodzipatula mobwerezabwereza, ntchito zazikulu zomanga, kuphatikizapo kumaliza ndi kukhazikitsa kwa ma network, zimachitika mu shopu yokutidwa. Ma module omalizidwa (nthawi zambiri awiri, kawirikawiri atatu kapena anayi) amabweretsedwa nsanja zonyamula katundu ndikutsitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe opanga malo opangidwa ndi malo oyambira. Kenako akulekanitsa, mafupa akusindikiza, ndikulumikiza nyumbayo ku zolaula zazikulu.
M'misika yathu, nyumba zokhota zimayimira "chingalawa cha nyumba", "Dubld", zoyeserera zoyeserera. 1, matabwa, ndi zina zambiri kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka awiri.
Mwa kuyitanitsa nyumba yomanga, mumasunga nthawi yambiri ndikuchotsa mavuto onse kuti mugule zinthu zogulira, kusaka ogwira ntchito ndikuwongolera luso la kumanga. Komabe, ayenera kuvomereza kusankha kodzisa kodzichepetsa, kukula kochepa kwa malo ndi milungu yomanga. Nyumba zambiri zimakhala makona amakonanala malinga ndi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi denga lazokhalitsa, ma eaves ang'ono kapena popanda iwo popanda iwo. Monga lamulo, mnyumbamo pansi (koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu okhala meziranana), ndipo malo ake onse saposa 100 m2. Mtengowo umatha kuti azikhala mwamtendere kwambiri - 31-38 zigawenga. Kwa 1 m2.
Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chopanga zingwe zozizira, mutha kuchita mizere iwiri ya ma racks ndi opsinjika, ndikupangitsa kuti wina ndi mnzake, ndipo izi zimawonjezera mtengo womanga nyumba 20%
Kuchepetsa kutalika kwa ma module (apo ayi sakunyamulidwa pansi pa milatho ndi mphamvu) popanda kutaya kutalika kwa zipinda, madelo mnyumbamo amapanga, pomwe padenga limakhala lopanda tanthauzo
