Timauza momwe angapangire ndi kukonzekereratu pansi.
Chithunzi: nyumba yamiyala
Mitu yamakono yopangidwa ndi polyethylene polyethylene imakhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira komanso yolimbana ndi mphamvu yamankhwala, yomwe imakhudza fungiterite ndi mabakiteriya, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mizu ya mbewu. Chithunzi: "Tekhnonikil"
Malinga ndi mfundo zomangira zomanga, chipinda chapansi chimawerengedwa pansi, chimatsegulidwa pansi mpaka kudzakhala kutalika kwake, koma nthawi zambiri mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi komanso gawo lathunthu. Onetsetsani kuti chitonthozo pano ndi chosavuta kwambiri kuposa chapamwamba, pomwe kuyatsa kwakukulu ndi kupanga popanda kuchita popanda kutembenuka. Ndipo komabe, zipinda zokhala ndi zopezekazo zimakhazikitsidwa mu "maziko" zovuta - izi zimalephereka ndi kuchepa kwa dzuwa ndi kutsika kochepa (nthawi zambiri osaposa 2.4 m). Koma apa mutha kuyika zipinda zonse zofunikira zothandizira, populumutsa malowo pamalowo ndikupewa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zowonjezera ndi zomata. Mbali yachuma ndiyotheka kuti musatenge dera lonselo - ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pa malo osangalatsa opangidwa, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi sauna ndi kusamba. Komabe, mapangidwe a "maziko a" maziko "ndi makonzedwe a malo omwe alipo pali mutu wokambirana mosiyana, ndipo munkhaniyi tikambirana zochitika zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka zomangamanga.
Pamasamba otsetsereka m'malo mwapansi ndi maziko, pansi pazachuma osakhalamo (pazachuma) okhala ndi ma concete omwe ali ndi ma concete pamlingo wowonekera ndi ma track nthawi zina amatenga. Sizikufuna ntchito yambiri yofukula dothi, makoma oteteza madzi ndi kuyika ma neyaage.
Ntchito yomanga yapansi pafupifupi imangodzilungamitsa madera owuma, makamaka osavuta kwambiri m'deralo omwe akumangidwa ndi / kapena ngati nyumbayo idapangidwa ndi makoma olemera omwe amafunikira maziko owuma (Reflux). Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Kulimbikitsidwa kwa mbale yam'munsi yam'mwamba kumayikidwa pamwamba pa shopu yolunjika, yomwe ili ndi wosanjikiza madzi. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Nthawi yomweyo, amasiya zotulutsira kuti "kukhwima" cha makoma ndi mizati yothandizira. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Makoma a chipinda chapansi amatha kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku konkriti wa monolithic. Chithunzi: "Kexholm Stroy"
Kapena maziko. Riboni ya Monolithic ndi yamphamvu komanso yolimba, koma idzawononga ndalama zambiri pakugwira ntchito. Chithunzi: "Ar22"
Chepetsani mtengo wotenthetsera udzathandiza kuti zisautsike zakunja kwa ma sheet. Chithunzi: Zovuta
Potsirizika pansi pali chimanda cha maziko a mulu, mbale yomenyedwa, ndipo makoma ake amayenera kukhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha zinthu zopitilira 100 zokhala ndi ma crinc kapena polystyrene) , kapena kuteteza nkhope yolimba. Choyipa cha zojambulajambula ndi kukonzekera sizitha kupezeka kwa malo okhala ndi "kupatukana" kwa malo oyimilirawo kuchokera kudera lotetezedwa.
Kusindikiza "Kusoka" Kumazikon
1 - Gawo la pansi pa khoma lapansi (tepi yotsimikizika yotsimikizika); 2 - pansi pa basement (yolimbikitsidwa yoyimitsa yolumikizira miyala); 3 - Kusindikiza chovala chotchinga chotchinga (kuphatikiza kwa foattd polyethylene ndi omwe sanali osadziwika polsisthera); 4 - Yokhango maziko. Chithunzi: Dörken.
Ndi dothi lamtundu wanji ndibwino kukhazikitsa maziko
Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito matekinoloji amakono, ndiye kuti nyumbayo ili ndi pansi imatha kukwezedwa m'dera lililonse ndipo pafupifupi dothi lililonse, koma yankho ili silikhala lotsika mtengo nthawi zonse. Ndikotheka kuyambitsa kuwerengera ndikupanga chisankho kumatha pambuyo polankhula.
Kuti musindikize zolumikizana pakati pa masitovu ndi mabatani, njira yosinthika imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena gulu lapadera losawoneka bwino la polyurethane. Chithunzi: YTOng.
"Contraindication" kukamanga wapansi ndiokwera (osakwana 2 m kuchokera pansi) mulingo wamadzi. Panthawi yotere, ndizovuta kwambiri kugwirira ntchito kuthirira madzi obisalirawo, kuwonjezera pa madzi ndi kukakamizidwa kosintha kwa dothi lonyowa, ndipo chinyontho chimayamba kulowa pansi ndi khoma.
Komanso chopinga chachikulu chidzakhala chofunda pansi pa maziko. Pankhaniyi, kulimbitsa kwambiri maziko am'munsi mwa chidendo chamoto, ndipo izi zidzawonjezera mtengo womanga.
Pomaliza, ndizovuta kwambiri kumanga pansi pathanthwe: kuwonongeka kwa thanthwe, ngakhale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono, nthawi zambiri kudya.
Potsalazo, maziko atha kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri, ngakhale, osatheka kukhulupirira kuti makampani amalonjeza kuti amangeni mtengo wa riboni. Komabe, monga, komabe, pansi pa pansi panthaka kumakhala kokwera mtengo. Kuwerengera koteroko, makamaka ngati ndalama zomwe amagwira ntchito amaganizira, zimafunikira njira yabwino ndipo iyenera kuchitika payekha pa ntchito iliyonse.
Kulowetsa ndikulowetsanso zosafunikira osati kokha kuteteza malowo kuti asatuluke, komanso kutetezedwa ku chilengedwe cha zolimbikitsa zapangidwe. Chithunzi: Penetron
Kupanga pansi pansi
Chipinda chapansicho chimayikidwa mkati mwa lamba la mbale, zojambula zomwe zimangoyankhula bwino, komanso dziko lapansi lalikulu komanso konkriti.Chithunzi cha chipangizocho pansi pa chipinda chapansi
3- maziko; 2 - Membrane wothira madzi, ophatikizidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa polimasi wa mastic; 3 - Thermal makulidwe (ma sheet a Epps); 4 - Hydrosponka (kuteteza kwakukulu kwa skristalo); 5 - Miyala yamiyala; 6 - Kukonzekera kwa konkriti ("wokoma"); 7 - ngalande za Blable; 8 - Kudzikuza kuphika (Mersurider membrane); 9 - Zosefera (geotextile); 10 - Chigumula. Chithunzi: "Tekhnonikil"
Kukula kwa Catlovana
Pakadali pano, sikofunikira kutero popanda rackator, koma ma cm kutaya pamanja pamanja. Ndikofunikira kuti maziko atsimikizika kuti apumule panthaka yowetele, apo ayi idzapatsa mphamvu yakunja, chifukwa cha matenthedwe oyambira ndi madzi oyambira makoma).Chipinda chapansi nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyenera pamalo otsetsereka omwe kuchuluka kwa malo apadziko lapansi ndi ocheperako, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka ndi madzi amvula kumachotsedwa ndi ngalande.
Kukonzekera kwa maziko a mgonero
Pansi pa piritsi lad ndi pilo kuchokera ku zinyalala zazikulu ndi makulidwe osachepera 20 cm, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ya wosanjikiza ndi ngalande zomata. Mkati mwa pilo, yokhala ndi lipe la 1.5 m, mapaipi opangidwa ndi matope amapakidwa m'mafano, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi zochulukirapo za ngalande. (Pansi pansi nthawi zonse amawopseza kusefukira ndi mvula yamphamvu ndi kusefukira kwamadzi, kotero ngakhale ndi madzi otsika pansi, ndizosatheka kunyalanyaza chipangizocho mu ngalande yakuya.)
Pilo imazimitsidwa bwino, kenako werengani "kusesa" (kuthira konkire yotsika) ndi makulidwe otsika pafupifupi 5 cm, pamwamba pomwe zigawo za polleene Methylene Meathylene Meathylene Membrane (chifukwa Mwachitsanzo, "kuphatikiza" kapena wobzala mabler) okhala ndi zolumikizira kapena zolumikizira.
Kenako, zoteteza zowonjezera, masiketi ndi zigawo zoteteza madzi, zomwe zimatha kuchokera kumodzi (simenti-simenti) mpaka zisanu.
Kudzaza Maziko
Makulidwe a mbale yoikika, kutengera katundu wowerengedwa, ndi kuyambira 250 mpaka 500 mm. Imalimbikitsidwa ndi chitsulo cholumikizidwa kuchokera ku bar yolumikizidwa ndi mainchesi 12 mm; Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kotsika kuyenera kuyikidwa pazamalonda akutali, monga obzala.Kuyenerera kutsanulira maboti a Monolithic Boiler ndiosatheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito konkriti ya fakitale yomwe idaperekedwa ku chinthu ndi ma drace wamba ndi pampu.
Kupanga zifukwa za pansi
Gawoli limachitika chitofu pambuyo pa mphamvu 70% ya mphamvu, ndiye kuti, patatha masiku 7-30 pambuyo pake (kutengera kutentha kwa mpweya). Chifukwa chake, otchedwa ozizira amapezeka nthawi zonse pakati pa khoma ndi chitofu. Amasindikizidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma imodzi mwa chingwe cha mphira kapena nembanetsatane wapadera wonyezimira komanso wakumbuyo wakumbuyo.
Kukhazikitsa zinthu zazikulu kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo, koma ntchito zambiri zimachitika mwadala pogwiritsa ntchito zopindika. Chithunzi: YTOng.
Makoma a chipinda chapansi amasulidwa bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku konkriti wapamwamba kwambiri monolithic olimbikitsidwa, amangirira chimango chawo ndi chimango (ichi, chomaliza chimapangidwa ndi zosakwana 0.7 m). Kukula koyenera kwa tepi yolumikizira ndi 250- 300 mm.
Nthawi zina makhoma amayatsidwa pamaziko a maziko, komabe, kapangidwe kotereku kumakhala kopusitsa ndipo kumafunikira kusazirika kokwanira. Magawo owoneka bwino amafunsidwa pambuyo pake - kuyambira njerwa, zotchinga kapena ukadaulo wa chimango.
Ngakhale nyumba zaukadaulo zokha zili pamlingo wa zero, ziyenera kuwuzidwa. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Zolakwika wamba pomanga nthaka
- Kusankha chipangizo chapansicho pambuyo pomanga lamba maziko (opanda slab base). Sindikiza motsimikizika pansi pansi ndi khoma ndi njira yomanga iyi ndizovuta kwambiri.
- Kukana kosungiramo zinthu zosungira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngalande m'malo mwa mpweya ndi kusefukira kwamadzi ambiri. Kuzindikira kwakutali kwa madzi ndi ayezi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa osanjikiza madzi.
- Kupanga makoma a pansi pa maziko a mabatani panthaka yosunthira ndi malo otsetsereka. Kuthekera kosintha mabatani pansi pa zovuta za dothi ndi kusokonezeka kwa makoma a makoma ndikwabwino.
- Konkriti yokongoletsa yokha - zolakwa mukamacheza, zimapumira kwakanthawi pang'ono, ndikugona popanda kugwedezeka.
Andrei Zubtsov
Atsogoleri otsogolera "Tekhnonikil"
Ntchito yomaliza pakumanga kwa maziko
Madzi ndi khoma
Monga lamulo, kuteteza ku chinyezi pamakoma, zigawo ziwiri kapena ziwiri zagalasi zolimbitsa thupi zokutira (phula) lokhalapo (mwachitsanzo, "tehnonikol terra") amathiridwa kapena ntchito. Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa (capillary) CEMNART-PERLOTER kapena Hydrotex-b, koma sikoyenera kuphwanya mabatani (ma microcracks mu misampha yamphamvu). Kutsekeka kolowera kufinya kumakhalanso kothandiza kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zidawonongeka kwa zinthu zogulira kapena kusanjikiza kwamafuta.
Tenthetsani kuyika pansi ndi ma sheet a statele staype chithovu (EPPS). Izi zimayamwa madzi otsika kwambiri ndipo ngakhale m'nthaka idzasunganso katundu pazaka 30. Pa mbali ya maziko, ma epps amakonzedwa ndi ma polymer masticn, ndi pamwamba pa mastic - mastic ndi pulasitiki madola.
Chithunzi: Vladimir Grigoriev / Bameda Media
Chipangizo
Chingwe cha makoma, monga lamulo, ndikugona ndi mchenga wobiriwira kapena masanjidwe, koma malo omaliza kuyika madioter - ikani ma drimeter a makondowo ndikukhazikitsa Madzi adzachotsedwa mu ngalande yabwino. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti panthaka zadothi ndibwino kuchita m'malo mwa ngalande yamapiri yozungulira, yokonzedwa ndi makhoma a dongo; Kufunika kwa madzi kuchokera pansi pamaziko kumasungidwa.
Msungrai wotsika mtengo umapereka madzi m'madzi m'mphepete mwa maziko a masimba opangira mitengo, potero amasuka kupsinjika kwa hydrrostatic pomanga nyumbayo. Chithunzi: Nagola.
Kukhazikitsa Kulunjika
Njira yodziwika kwambiri yothetsa mtedza ndi konkriti yoyeserera kuchokera ku zinthu zopanga zopanga za fakitale. Posachedwa, mbale zam'madzi zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa ndi zopangira zowala zowala ndi mphamvu zokwanira ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri. Kukula kwa mitengo yamatabwa kumakhala kolimba kwambiri ndipo kumatha "kuyimbidwa".
Ndi ukadaulo wosonkhanitsa ndi ukadaulo wa monolithic, ndizosavuta kumanga ndi kutseguka kwa dera lililonse ndi mawonekedwe. Chithunzi: "Marco"
Chithunzi cha chipangizo chosonkhanitsa-morolithic kudutsa
1-ya lamba wokhazikika; 2 - Mbiri yachitsulo yopanda mtengo; 3 - Block Clur kuchokera ku konkriti wa ma cell; 4 - Gridi yolimbikitsa; 5 - Mangani mchenga ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 50 mm; 6 - Element Element (kutetezedwa ku kuzizira ndi gawo loonda la khoma). Chithunzi: "Marco"
Malizani mabwalo
Ma sheet a epps ophatikizika amatha kuyikidwa pachifuwa ndi chingwe cha chipatala kapena mwala woyenda ndi unyinji wopitilira 50 kg / m2. Kapenanso kulumikizana ndi khoma la konkriti kudutsa chimango cha aluminium ndikusoka pansi ndi polypropylene kapena mafinya a Fimenti. Komaliza ngakhale kuperewera kwa matailosi, koma osafuna ntchito ya ntchitoyi ndipo idzawononga imodzi ndi theka kapena kawiri kotsika mtengo.Kuyimitsa Pansi
Garage yofunda pansi - maloto a nyumba zambiri zamtsogolo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ntchito yawo pasadakhale. Ambiri a iwo ndi mvula ndipo amachepetsa madzi oyenda, komanso matalala ndikuyandama, kupewa kukwera ndi kutuluka. Dongosolo la ma annnels okhudzana ndi bwenzi lomwe lakhala ndi bwenzi la ngalande idzathandizira kuthetsa, lomwe limafunikira kuti lithetse kutsogolo, ndipo malowo - mkati mwa chipindacho kapena makoma, kutengera maziko a pansi. Dongosololi limaphatikizapo kuchuluka komwe mtengo wotseguka umayikidwa, kuponya madzi mu chimbudzi champhamvu, msewu wapansi kapena mpumulo wotsika.
Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi cha mpweya mu gawo la base, kutulutsa kokakamiza kumafunikira kapena njira yothetsera njira yothetsera. Mabowo otopetsa ndi abwino kwambiri pafupi ndi pansi, popeza ndi pano kuti mpweya waiwisi ndi wozizira mpweya umadziunjikira. Pa 1 m2 ya malo owombera, pafupifupi masentimita 5 a m'deralo othamanga ndikofunikira. Ndipo simuyenera kunyalanyaza magalasi osinthika olumikizidwa ndi chitoliro chothana nthawi ya injini yotentha.
Kulimbana ndi chipale chofewa komanso pamphumi pamtunda pamtunda udzathandizira dongosolo lamagetsi kutengera zomwe zidayikidwa kunkriti kapena kuyika zingwe zotentha. Koma ndi chisanu champhamvu ndi chisanu chochuluka, chipale chofewa chimayenera kutsukidwa ndikuwazidwa ndi antigenic wothandizira. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Ndikofunikira kutentha pansi, popeza kukana kusamutsa makoma ake konkriti sikupitirira 0.6 m werani 0.6 m ² ° C / W. Kutentha ndi mitengo ya epps yokhala ndi makulidwe a 100 mm kudzawonjezera mtengo uwu mpaka 3. ² ², zomwe zimaposa zofunikira za miyendo yakunja m'mizere yapakati ya Russia. Kutukula kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera kunja, pamwamba pa kusada kotero kuti zomalizazo zimatetezedwa ku zowonongeka zamakina pakutuluka kwa nthaka, ku Froshy String. Pakakhala ndi tula mkati mwa malo a malo, ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi zida zamadzi (mwachitsanzo, plates ya asbestos) kapena membrane yolembedwa yomwe idapangidwa ndi ma cynsvelene apamwamba polyethylene. Mwa njira, kusankha kotsiriza kumawonjezera mphamvu ya ngalande zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ilya KrorUKhin
Kapangidwe kaapangidwe ka DSC chilimwe-stroy