"Zomera" zobiriwira "zikukula kwambiri. Tikukuuzani kuti ndibwino kusankhira nyumba yapaintaneti - mapiritsi a dzuwa kapena opanga mphepo, ndikufotokozera kuchuluka kwa kukhazikitsa kwawo.
Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Masamba a solar ndi majeremuwa ndi magawidwe akulu kwambiri a magwero ena. Matekinoloje onsewa amapangidwa bwino, mitengo yamalamulo imachepa pang'onopang'ono, mwachitsanzo, gawo la 200-25 ya 200-25 yomwe idzagulidwa ma ruble 1520.
Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Ndi mtundu wanji wa gwero lanji?
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapanelo a silicon dzuwa. Chosiyanasiyana ndi ma module ozungulira (ndege ya gawo la gawo limapangidwa ndi silicon ridicon). Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Choyamba, sankhani kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe mukufuna. Kodi mukupanga dongosolo la magetsi kunyumba kwathunthu ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa kapena mphepo kapena muzigwiritsa ntchito ngati dongosolo lamphamvu kwadzidzidzi? Kupatula apo, ma tags amtengo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Kwa dongosolo ladzidzidzi (ndi mphamvu yotulutsa 200-500 w), imodzi mpaka ma module awiri a sola ndi zida zowonjezera ndizokwanira - pokhapokha ngati ma ruble 40-50,000. Koma kusamukira kwathunthu ku magetsi odzipereka kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kachitidwe ka soya ndi 2500 w ma carthacity 2500 what kumatenga ma ruble 300-400 zikwi ziwiri. Dongosolo lofananalo la manambala komanso mtengo wamtundu wa mitundu yamiyala.
Oyang'anira dzuwa, olumikizana ndi mabatire amakono okhala pansi pa malo okhala sakhala malo ambiri ndipo safuna chipinda chosiyana. Ntchito zawo ndi opareshoni zitha kupangidwa kwanuko komanso kutali, pogwiritsa ntchito piritsi kapena smartphone (kudzera pa intaneti ya Ethernet kapena Wi-Fi). Chithunzi: Abb.
Ndi ma module a polycrystalline (ali ndi makhiristo angapo). Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Nthawi yomweyo kusankha mtundu wa "zobiriwira" zobiriwira zimatengera nyengo ndi malo am'deralo. Tinene kuti, pamadera othamanga kwambiri ndi nyengo yopanda nyengo (mwachitsanzo, ku Crimea), mabatire amasungunuka bwino kwambiri. M'malo otseguka, kumapiri ndi gombe la nyanja, lomwe limadziwika ndi mphepo zamphamvu zazitali, majereminor amphepo atsimikizira bwino. Kwa gawo lalikulu la Europe Russia pali malo ochepa okhala ndi nyengo, yoyenera kupangira magetsi amtundu umodzi. M'malo oterewa ndimveka kukhala omveka kukhazikitsa mitundu yonse yamitundu yomwe idzalowe m'malo. Zachidziwikire, njira yotereyi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri - koma choti muchite, izi ndi zomwe zili munthawi ya Russia.
Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Ma solar panels
Pakadali pano, mitundu iwiri ya zida izi yagawidwa: silikicon ndi filimu. Aliyense wa iwo agawidwa mitundu:- Silicon monocrystalline. Gawo lililonse module limapangidwa kutengera mbale ya silicon yopangidwa kuchokera ku kristalo yolimba. Mabatire awa amasiyana mu mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri (mpaka 22-24%), komanso mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri;
- Silicon polycrystalline. Mbale ya gawo la payekha ili ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi makhiristo angapo a silicon, chifukwa chomwe chipangizocho chikufunika kwambiri. Mphamvu ya 13-15%;
- Silicon amorphous. Pa mtengo wa 20 peresenti pansipa pa polycrystalline, mphamvu pafupifupi 6-8%;
- Kanema, kutengera Cadmium Tlekide, cadmium ku zida za polymeride, ndi zina zotere ndipo adayamba kufalikira, koma amawerengedwa ndi opanga ambiri mongalonjezana zambiri. Kuchita bwino ndi mtengo kumakhala pafupifupi 20% kuposa momwe amorphous.
Polycrystalline ndi kutengera silicous sicon adalandira gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Zosinthazi ndizosavuta pakupanga ndi zotsika mtengo kuposa gulu limodzi la kristalo, ndipo kuphatikiza, kuphatikiza magetsi owongoka, moyenera, koyenera, koyenera kwa Mzere wapakati wa Russia, komwe kuli masiku ambiri a mumtambo. Kwa madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yokhala ndi nyengo yoyera (Crimea, Central Asia), m'malo mwake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mono-ndi mabatire a polycrystalline.
Amitundu ya mphepo
Mphepo yamkuntho imatembenuza mphamvu ya mphepo. Mitundu yamakono imatha kugwira ntchito ndi mphepo yaying'ono (2-3 m / s), ngakhale liwiro lokhalo lamphamvu pantchito yawo ndilokwera ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala 10-12 m. Kuthamanga kwa mphepo, 3 m / s jenereta yotereyi imatulutsa pafupifupi 5% ya mphamvu kuchokera ku Exarn, pa liwiro la 7 m / s - pafupifupi 50%. Chifukwa chake, posankha jenereta yodziwika, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuthamanga kwa mphepo yamkuntho m'dera lanu, chizindikiritso ichi chimawonetsedwa nthawi zonse.
Ndi ma module amorphous. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Sankhani jenereta ya mphepo ndi kukula kwa m'badwo wa mwezi uno. Muyenera kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwamagetsi omwe mukufuna. Tinene kuti mukusankha kukhala wachuma komanso kuchepetsedwa pakuyaka kwadzidzidzi, kugwira ntchito pampu wozungulira komanso kuthekera kobweza smartphone kapena laputopu. Kenako mudzafunikira mphamvu yotulutsa yapano ya 150-200 w, ilipo 50-100 kwh pamwezi. Ntchito zoterezi zimapereka chitsanzo chaching'ono chamagetsi, atha kugulidwa masiku 20 3-30. Ndipo ngati mukufuna mphamvu zambiri, ndiye kuti jenereta ya mphepo iyenera kusankhidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri: mitundu yomwe imatulutsa maola mazana angapo kwa mwezi, komanso mtengo wa iwo udzakhala ma ruble apamwamba - 100-150,000,000.
Njira Yokwanira yokhala ndi mabatire a dzuwa ndi ma turbines amphamvu opangidwira mphepo, akusintha pamtunda wothamanga. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Momwemonso, kuwerengera kwa mabatire dzuwa kumachitikanso. Kuchuluka kwa magetsi kumawerengeredwa, ndipo ma module amasankhidwa pamaziko a kuwerengera kotero kuti ntchito yawo yolumikizidwa ndi yovomerezeka iwonetsetsenso zosowa zanu. Kuwerengera kukukhala kovuta pang'ono, chifukwa mtengo wa m'badwo wa mwezi uno ukusintha mwamphamvu kuyambira nthawi yachaka. M'chilimwe ndi kuchuluka, ndipo nthawi yachisanu sikufika pa nthawi yachilimwe. Chifukwa chake, sankhani mapiritsi a dzuwa kutengera ngati agwiritsa ntchito nthawi yotentha (munthawi ya dziko) kapena chaka chonse. Kuphatikiza apo, luso lopanga mwamphamvu limatengera momwe mumakhalira bwino padelo ya dzuwa. Ngati sanatumizidwe kuti atumizidwe mbali yoyenera ndipo kumanja, ndiye mphamvu ya mphamvu m'badwo umachepetsa - pofika 20-30%, komanso zochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti kuwerengetsa pa mabatire ofunikira, poganizira malo omwe malo awo, adachita katswiri.
Chitetezo cha mphepo
Makina Owona: Igor SIGHHhagigin / BRETA Media
Maubwino ofananira ndi zovuta za mabatire a dzuwa
| Monocrystall | Polycrystall | Silicous | |
Ika mtengo | Kutalika kwambiri | Wapakati | Otsika kwambiri |
Ntchito, mphamvu,% | ~ 22. | ~ 15. | ~ 10. |
Zofunikira pakuyatsa | Kukweza: Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse batri kuti abweretse dzuwa ligwera pa ndege yake | Kukweza: Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse batri kuti abweretse dzuwa ligwera pa ndege yake | Zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale dzuwa |
Kuchita bwino pantchito nyengo yamvula | Pansi | Pansi | M'mwamba |
Moyo Wautumiki | ~ 25. | ~ 20. | ~ 15. |
Pomwe ndi kukhazikitsa mabatire ndi ma geneties amphepo
Masamba a dzuwa kuyenera kupezeka momwe kungathekere kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawagwera. Ku Northern Hemisphere, mapanelo a dzuwa amatumizidwa kum'mwera, pansi pa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi Generato. Muzochita, ma genel a dzuwa nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsidwa kum'mwera kwa padenga. Ngati palibe kuthekera kotere, ndiye kuti mabatirewo amayikidwa pamalo abwino, ndipo zosintha ziyenera kuwonjezedwa pamayendedwe. Zingakhale zofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma module.
Kupanga kwa Wind ndi mzere wozungulira wa kuzungulira kumadziwika ndi phokoso lotsika. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Ngati, ngati muli ndi malire pa malo okwera, komwe mungakhazikitse ma module ena kapena angapo. Chifukwa posachedwa mudzakhala ndi lingaliro loti likhala labwino kuwonjezera machitidwe.
Masamba a solar amafunika kukhazikitsidwa kuti atumikire. Izi zimagwira ntchito kuti zizikonza ntchito, komanso kuyeretsa - ziyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi, ndikuchotsa masamba okugwa ndi mapanelo, fumbi ndi dothi. Makamaka ndikofunikira ndikupezeka kwa mapanelo okhala ndi ntchito yozungulira chaka chifukwa chakutsuka kwawo.
Mphepo yamkuntho yamkuntho yofooka (kuchokera ku mphepo ya 2-3 m). Chithunzi: "Mphamvu"
Mitundu ya mphepo ikulimbikitsidwa kuti iyikidwe pamalo apamwamba kwambiri. Sikofunikira kupulumutsa pazinthu: pamtunda wa 8-10 m, mphamvu ya mphepo imachuluka pafupifupi 30%. Windmill pamene ntchito ikhoza kukhala phokoso, motero ndibwino kukhazikitsa pafupi ndi mamita 20 kuchokera kunyumba. Mwamwayi, phokoso lotsika kwambiri limakhudza thanzi komanso la zinyama, ma gentatior okhawo omwe amangopanga maluso akulu kwambiri amapangidwa - kuchokera ku 100 KW ndi kupitilira. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yopepuka ndi yotsika kwambiri ya amitundu ya minda yamkuntho nthawi zina imakhazikitsidwa pamadenga a nyumba, ndipo kwa milandu kotero ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zowonongeka.
Mitundu ya mphepo yakhala bwino kwambiri pamphepete mwa anthu aku North (munyumba ndi mliri), komwe, ngati Mphepo yamphamvu yapachaka imawomba (pamwamba pa 7 m / s).
Dongosolo la Kärcher Iorolar kuti iyeretse zithunzi za Glorvanic mphamvu. Kuyeretsa batiri lodetsedwa kwa dzuwa kumawonjezera ntchito yake yamphamvu pafupifupi 20%. Chithunzi: Kärcher.
Zida Zosankha
Kuphatikiza pamawu omwe akupanga (generare kapena bata ya mphepo kapena batri ya dzuwa) mudzafunikira:
- Inverler - amatembenuza magwiridwe antchito opangidwa ndi bwalo la dzuwa kapena batire, mosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa 220 v.
- Mabatire obwezeretsedwanso (akb). Amadziunjikira magetsi ngati magetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kapena pazinthu zomwe jenereta sizipanga pano (mwachitsanzo, mapate wa dzuwa).
- Olamulira olamulira - zida zomwe zimayambitsa magetsi zimapangidwa ndi jenereta. Popanda iwo, jenereta imayenera kusokoneza pamanja kuchokera ku batri usiku uliwonse komanso kumapeto kwa mtengo uliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, olamulira amawonjezera mphamvu ya jenereta mpaka 30-50%.
- Kuthamangitsa jenereta. Pankhani ya jenereta ya mphepo, imakhala yayitali kwambiri ya 8-10 m. Pazigawo za dzuwa, ndi mabatani okhazikitsa padenga kapena mapangidwe osiyana.
Monga machitidwe akuwonetsera, zida za zida zimayenera kulipira pafupifupi monga jenereta.