Momwe mungasankhire miyala ndi pansi panyumba yamatabwa

M'nyumba zochokera ku bar ndi mitengo, komanso chimango zimakonzedwa ndi kuchuluka kwachangu. Kalanga, osati nthawi zonse izi zimapereka kutentha kwabwino komanso kutchinga komveka. Nthawi zina amanjenjemera poyenda ndikutumikira zaka 15-20 zokha. Tidzanena za matekinoloje ndi zida zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuthana ndi zolakwa izi.

Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru

Popanga mawu omanga, ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa pakati pa zochulukirapo (kapangidwe kazinthu) ndi pansi (zowongolera, zolimbitsa ndi kumaliza zigawo), koma nthawi zambiri magawo awa amalumikizana ndi wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, kutchinga kwamafuta kumatha kupezeka pakati pa mitengoyo, ndiko kuti, mkati mwakukutira, ndipo ma ags sakugwirizana, koma kuti abwezeretse katundu pamiyala.

Chifukwa chake, posankha nyumba yotsika mtengo, ndikofunikira kuganizira zofunikira zonse kuti zithandizire "molunjika" pansi.

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Ntchito yomanga pansi ndi pansi yoyamba

Mapangidwe a pansi poyambira pansi ndi pansi pa malo oyamba amadalira mtundu wa maziko. Apa, miyala yonyamula sizovuta kupumula, kuchotsa "osagwiritsidwa ntchito" polunjika ndikuwonjezera malire (onsewo amagawidwa). Mnyamata amapitilira ndi chithandizo pamatabwa. Masiku ano, komanso zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, nyumba zazing'ono zamatabwa nthawi zambiri zimakhazikitsidwa pamaziko abwino - Columnar, Columm ndi ritibon ndi matepi oyamba amapanga mitengo yamatabwa.

Bison Tollap: 1-Plasterboard; 2 - mtengo; 3 -natat kuchokera ku 25 mm ma tabodi am'mimba; 4, 6 - hydro-khutu; 5 - Kukopa komveka; 7 - Chipboard; 8 - Gawo; 9 - Lamuate. Zojambula: Vladimir Grigoriev / Bameda Media

Pakhungu lam'madzi: 1 - pulasitala; 2 - Vaporizolation; 3 - mafuta owotcha; 4 - mtengo; 5 - Kumadzi; 6 - ma ruble ochokera kumabodi okhala ndi makulidwe a 35-40 mm. Zojambula: Vladimir Grigoriev / Bameda Media

Malekezero a mitengo, yomwe ili mipiringidzo yolimba yochokera ku 100 × 150 mm, firiji ku gawo la maziko kapena kulumikizana ndi njira zomwe tidzanenere pansipa). Kuti mupewe kugwedezeka ndi kulowerera kwa kugonana, zowonjezera zapakatikati zimapangidwa - njerwa yaying'ono kapena yozungulira. Nthawi yomweyo, mitengoyo imapezeka mu zowonjezera mpaka 1.2 m, ndi mizati yothandizira ili mpaka 1.5 m. Pafupifupi ndi ma rugs ozungulira kuchokera kumabodi a anthu odzola, pomwe zinthu zamadzi zimayikidwa (brabroid, hydrohoteelisol, etc.), kenako makutu (mwachitsanzo, zigawo ziwiri zaubweya wa micherl slabbs ndi makulidwe a 150 mm). Pamwamba kunaperekanso mbali ina yopanda tanthauzo kotero kuti idadzetsa mavuto pakati pa miyala, ndikudyetsa pansi. Pansi wina (mabowo a paramite), amafunikira kuti amange pamiyala yomwe ilipo kuchokera ku lag, yopezeka pa sitepe yopitilira 0,5 m, pepala lopanda chikho (FSDOPHOCKED Chipbodi).

Mphamvu ya beelectric ivelect imatengera makulidwe a chitsulo ndi mtundu wa sedams. Zotsalazo ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikujambulidwa ndi dzimbiri. Kenako, kapangidwe kake ka madzi, mwachitsanzo, ndi varnish, kumakwirira magawo onse - zitsulo zonse ndi matabwa. Chithunzi: "Proftstroy", "Pofikira"

Mapangidwe ofotokozedwa ndi amodzi mwa otsika mtengo kwambiri, koma samalola kugawa magawo ndi zochitika za masitepe - ndipo iwo ndi ena ayenera kukhala ndi mitengo. Ili ndi inanso yovuta kwambiri: chifukwa cha shrinkage yopanda ufa kapena mothandizidwa ndi chisanu, mitengoyo nthawi zambiri imakweza pansi, osasunthika m'malo awo, sagwa. Kukula kotere (ngati maziko ochepa) sangathe kulimbikitsidwa m'nyumba zomangidwa pa "Dysfununal" ndi malo otsetsereka. Bolt overlap ndi thandizo la pulasitilo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamaphatikizidwa mwangwiro ndi maziko kuchokera ku screw ndi milu yoboongoletsa yolumikizidwa ndi mitengo ya sitallic kapena yolimbikitsidwa. Rigels - matanda achitsulo (channel kapena diodeava) - oyikidwa mu gawo la 2-3 m ndikuwotchera chojambulacho pafupi ndi zitsulo. Ntchito yothandizira yapakatikati imachitika ndi milu, yolumikizidwa ndi 2,5 -5 m. Mwa zitsulo zokhazokha zomwe zimachitika, pamwamba pake (pamwamba pake) zomwe zimapangidwa) zokhala ndi mabulosi yazakuda (kuchokera 4 mm) zinthu zosafunikira komwe akukumana ndi zitsulo. Mu kapangidwe kameneka, zotchinga zamafuta ziyenera kukhala pakati pa ma lagi, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito CPSP kapena zinthu zina zonyozeka.

Mu 2016, m'chigawo chapakati chomanga mapangidwe omanga. V. A. Kucherenko, pa nkhuni zabwino, zidachitika chifukwa cha mtengo wolumikizira moto wokhala ndi mtanda wa 150 × 400 mm wa nkhuni. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti mtengowo umatha kupirira kuchuluka kwa matani awiri pambuyo povuta kwa mphindi 93 komanso mphamvu zotsalazo zomwe zidapitilira zitsulo zokhazikika. Nthawi yomweyo, nthumwi za kampani yopanga zimatsutsa kuti mtengowo sunakonzedwe ndi lawi. Kutengera ndi zotsatirazi, ma media ena adamaliza pofotokoza za chitetezo chamoto chamoto chamoto champhamvu ndi nyumba zamakono zonse. Komabe, ndikofunikira kutengera mfundo yoti mayeserowo adasiyidwa "a chimaliziro" kuthamanga kwa lawilo kufalikira munyumba yamatabwa, kuthekera kowonongeka kwa masrates ndi zinthu zina zambiri.

Njira inanso ndiyotheka pomwe matabwa owonda kuchokera ku mipiringidzo yamphamvu (150 × 100 mm ndi zina zambiri) amaloledwa "nthiti" za 150/200. Bolshoe Torlap sikugwada ndipo imakugwetsa ndikukupatsani mwayi kukhazikitsa magawo ndi masitepe pamalo abwino. Pansi pa chitofu. Mbale zotsimikizika zotsimikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa zida za nyumba zamatabwa, komanso pamatanda ofowoka madothi ake ali kunja kwa mpikisano. Nthawi zambiri, malo oyambira pangozi amafalitsa zigawo ziwiri za zokutira ndikukonzekera chopukutira. Zizindikiro zachitsulo, ma wedges apulasitiki, zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa kulowera. Ngati polojekitiyi imaperekedwa pamtunda wapamwamba, ma lolow amaikidwa pamitundu ya njerwa. Pansi konkriti konkriti pa mbale yapansi. Njira yothetsera iyi imayang'aniridwa ndikukhazikitsa pansi pa pansi pa madzi ofunda: Pamwamba pa mbale yopanda madzi ndikuyika chithovu cholimba cha 50 mm) ndi pa polyethylene filimu) chomangira konkriti chokhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 40 mm, ndikuyika chitoliro pansi.

Kulimbana ndi thandizo pamtunda: 1 - mtengo; 2 - MOYO WOSAVUTA; 3 - masikono akuda ochokera kumabodi a antiseptic; 4, 6 - Kufuula; 5 - kukumbutsani; 7 - Board Board. Zojambula: Vladimir Grigoriev / Bameda

Ndi kapangidwe kabolibor ndi Moder ya kuchuluka, kumaloledwa kukwera pansi. Posalala cholimba mu milandu iyi imapangidwa kuchokera ku chip kapena chipboard-chiplodi, ndipo ma shlode amathiridwa m'magawo awiri, kulimbikitsa gawo loyambirira la mtunda wa sitimayo. Kuphatikiza apo, simungathe kusungirapo mapaipi, koma osawaika m'mafayilo pakati pamatope, poyambira. Zowona, njira iyi ili ndi zovuta zazikulu, makamaka, kuwotcha yunifolomu yochepera pansi, mphamvu yayikulu komanso chiopsezo chowonongeka chowonongeka kwa mapaipi ndi ozizira. Tidangotchulapo kapangidwe kofala kwambiri pansi. Pochita izi, nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana yophatikizira, gwiritsani ntchito mbale zophatikizika zopangidwa ndi kukonzeka, komanso zopangira zothandizira, zikukankha nthaka. Nthawi zina (mwachitsanzo, maziko oyandamabotala omangidwa pamadothi a ma drampy), ndiwe wanzeru kusiya ntchito zapakatikati, mitengo yokweza kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwawo.

Ndi chithandizo cha akumidzi ndi milu: 1 - ofiira; 2, 5, 8 - 8 - Kudziika kwamadzi; 3 - lag; 4 - Mtengo Wakuda; 6 - Pile; 7 - kukumbutsani; 9 - Masamba a Waterproof (awiri); 10 - Gulu la Parquet. Zojambula: Vladimir Grigoriev / Bameda Media

Njira yachikhalidwe yokhota matayala a nyumba yamatabwa ndi malo owotcha pakati pa korona. Zimakupatsani mwayi wochita popanda zowonjezera, koma ali ndi mikango yambiri. Polembera, kufowoka ndi kuwomerera kokha kumachitika, ndipo makoma a nyumba; Kuwonongeka kolondola kwa nyumba yachifumu kumatenga nthawi ndi luso, ndipo zolakwa zimasokoneza mawonekedwe a mipata ndikuwombera khoma. Pankhaniyi, lero, makampani ambiri omanga amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zomangira, zopangidwa ndi Biren, timplen olimba ndi zitsulo zolimba ndikuloleza kuti muyikenso mitengo yonse yovomerezedwa.

Matandawa ochokera kwa heman komanso matabwa wamba amatha kukwezedwa ndi kuwomba. Chithunzi: "Medirsiti"

Zinthu zogulira zikupera ndikukuta ndi varnish. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru

Ndi kutalika kokwanira m'chipindacho, sidelo yokongoletsera nthawi zina yokhazikika

Kulunjika ku Mafamu Omwe Amatha Kuthana ndi Ntchito Yogawidwa mpaka 900 KGF / M2. Chithunzi: "Eurocode 5"

Kulunjika ku mitengo ya LVL kumatha kupirira katundu wogawika mpaka 900 kgf / m2. Chithunzi: Ultramm

Monga kutentha ndi kusokonekera kwabwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Masa ndi mbale zonse. Chinthu chachikulu ndikupereka makulidwe okwanira ndi kuteteza zinthuzo ndi chinyontho. Chithunzi: Saint-Gobiain Isover

Moyo wa ntchito yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zogubuduza komanso zosafunikira ziyenera kukhala zaka 30. Chithunzi: Tehtonol

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Zolakwika wamba pantchito yomanga pansi mpaka pansi ndi pansi

1. Gwiritsani ntchito ngati chithandizo chamitengo tating'onoting'ono ndi mipando yochepa komanso zipilala zabwino.
2. Kupanda kuputa pakati pamabwalo ndikuthandizira (zinthu zamaziko, zipilala, mulu).
3. Kutetezedwa kosakwanira kwa mitengo ndi mipiringidzo yamiyala kuchokera kuvunda. Ndikofunikira kukonza kawiri pokonza zouma zouma ndi antiseptic kuchokera ku sprayer kapena kuphatikizidwa pakusamba.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito pansi pazinthu zopanda mafuta (mabodi osakhazikika, fiberboard, chipboard, chipboard, etc.).
5. Kusakwanira kutentha kwa kutentha makulidwe (ochepera 100 mm).

Kulowererapo komanso chapamwamba

Atakweza makoma mpaka kutalika kwa pansi, kuwonjezeka komwe kumamangidwa. Izi zimathandizira kumanganso (palibe amene akukonzanso zinyalala), kuphatikiza, kuphatikiza, kuwonjezeka kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa bokosi lanyumba. Pakati pa pansi, katundu wathunthu amagwa pamiyala. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa mapindu ambiri nthawi zambiri kumapitilira 5 m. Pewani Kufalikira ndi "Opanda" pansi pano ndi kovuta kwambiri. Njira Yokhazikika Yothetsera vutoli ndikuwonjezera gawo la mtanda ndi kuchepa kwa mtengo - sizimakhala zotulukapo zake nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitengoyo mphamvu yayikulu - kuchokera ku matabwa a LVL, miyala yamatabwa, mipiringidzo. Matabwa a LVl-Tiber wokutidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa woweta wokhala ndi chitsogozo chofanana ndi ulusi, ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kuuma. Kuchokera pazinthuzi, matanda amapangidwa, okhoza kudutsa kuchuluka kwa 13.5 m. The lvl-matabwa amachitidwa mwangwiro ndi zotsatira za chinyezi komanso chaukali. Mwina kakoka kokha kokha ndi mtengo wokwera.

Kuphatikiza nkhuku (mashelufu opingasa opangidwa ndi ma board, m'mphepete mwa chipbodi) amapangidwa mpaka 8 m kutalika kopatsa chidwi ndipo alibe zipatso zokongoletsera ndipo ziyenera kukhala zonse chobisika ndi ntchito yomanga ya denga. Migodi yamagulu opangidwa ndi ana, mabatani, mabanki, mitengo yamtunduwu imatha kudutsa ma 10 m. Ndizosavuta kupaka madontho okongoletsera ndi mitengo yowoneka bwino. Mukamakhazikitsa zigawo zoyambirira, funso lina lalikulu liyenera kuthetsedwa - limamveka. Ndipo ngati phokoso la mpweya limakhala losavuta "ndi ubweya wa ubweya wa ubweya wokhala ndi makulidwe a 80-100 mm (njira yosinthira) ndi yofanana ndi yofanana ndi yolimba motsutsana ndi phokoso la madandaulo, monga momwe amafalitsira kudzera m'miyala. Kuchepetsa pang'ono phokoso kumathandiza kulekanitsa kwapakatikati pazinthu zamasika (Cork veneer, foalad Polyethylene), atagona pakati pazinthu zonyamula pansi ndi zokutira pansi. Njira yothandiza kwambiri ili mu chipangizo chowonjezera chokhala ndi mitengo iwiri yokha - kugonana ndi padenga. Omalizayo akhoza kukhala gawo laling'ono la mtanda, chifukwa ayenera kupirira katunduyo kuchokera kuzomwezi ndi zodzitchinjiriza. Ndipo pomaliza mawu angapo onena za kapangidwe ka chipinda cham'madzi ndi padenga lozizira.

Katundu wokhota ndi wamng'ono pano, ndikuwonjezera makina okhazikika, omwe amagwira ntchito yamito yameza, monga lamulo, sikofunikira. Kukula kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosamala: makulidwe a ubweya wa ubweya wa mchere wotsimikizika kuti afotokozetse Mzere wapakati wa Russia ndi 150-170 mm. Ndipo simungaiwale za zigawo zoteteza pansi pa kuphitsa komanso pamwamba pake. Woyamba (kuchokera ku polythylene kapena filimu ya Polypropylene) adzachiteteza ku chinyezi ndi awiriawiri kuchokera kwa malowa, chachiwiri (kuchokera ku chiwonongeko) - kuchokera ku chiwonongeko cha mpweya mu chipinda chapamwamba.

Kuyerekezera kwa mitengo kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana

Malaya	chipatso	Milungu	Mtengo, opaka. / POG. m *
Mndandanda wathunthu mdya	Kupezeka, Kukongoletsa (kupukutidwa bwino, penti)	Amakonda kwambiri	Kuyambira 120.
Mndandanda Wozizira mdya	Mphamvu yowonjezereka, yosunga kukana, zokongoletsa	Zimapangidwa kwambiri popempha	Kuyambira 260.
Ophatikizidwa Codell: Mtengo + yusgo	Mphamvu zazikulu komanso zolimba, zoletsa	Kukana kotsika kupotoza katundu. Pophwanya matekinoloje opanga, formaldehyde kutulutsa	Kuyambira 240.
Lvl-bar	Kulimba kwambiri komanso kulimba mtima, kusungidwa kukana, kunyowa	Kukula Kwambiri, Kupukutidwa Kwambiri ndi Kupaka Kwapakati (Chifukwa cha Kukhalapo kwa Maso a Gulu)	Kuyambira 880.