Pakadutsa pang'onopang'ono posachedwa kapena pambuyo pake imatha kuvala mopitirira muyeso, kenako ziyenera kusinthidwa. Koma kuyika nkhani zatsopano pakale, maziko akale sakhala oyenera, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo osawoneka bwino, Creak ndipo posachedwa ayamba kukonzanso. Kodi mungabwezeretse bwanji pansi?
Mawonekedwe oyesedwa amathandiza kuti athetseretu, ali ndi udindo pakutulutsa kotsatira, ndipo kutentha kwa kutentha kumachitikanso pa zoyambirira ndi nyumba zotentha.
Chithunzi: K KANF.
Mukamakonza "kachiwiri", pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimabwezeretsa kapena kukonzanso pansi. Poyamba, ntchitoyi ndi yophweka, chifukwa mulibe kusowa kwa zinthu pamsika, ndipo makampani ambiri amathetsa mayankho okonzekera bwino, monga mgwirizano wamagulu. Komabe, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kupanga chisankho, chifukwa muyenera kuganizira kwambiri katundu, malo ogwirira ntchito, kutalika kwa denga, mtundu wina wa zokutira komanso zinthu zina. Kupatula apo, musanayambe ntchito, ndikofunikira kupeza chilolezo kuchokera kwa oyang'anira nyumba kuti asinthe kapangidwe kake. Ndipo nyumba yakale, yovuta kwambiri kukonza kukonza.
Chithunzi: "Hall Sholl"
Nyumba zakale zakale zimakhala ndi bolodi yayikulu, chishango kapena panthaka
Chithunzi: A Legion-Termu Media
Mukakonza, kuvala pansi kumachotsedwa limodzi ndi othandizira, pansi pa malo opangira zopangidwa ndi malo, mwachitsanzo, malo othandiza kapena board
Chithunzi: A Legion-Termu Media
Ma Lags salimba kwambiri kuposa mchenga, koma wotsika mtengo ndi wolemera, umakwezedwa mwachangu komanso zosavuta kukonzedwa
Zolakwika wamba pokonza pansi
- Kuyesa kukhala ndi zida zowonda (plywood 4 mm wandiweyani, fiberboard, katoni, ndi zina). Usiku uliwonse adzatha kubisa kwakanthawi kochepa.
- Chodalirika chodalirika ku maziko, kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yolumikizira kuchokera ku zinthu zazifupi.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zonyansa zosayenera, monga kuyika pamwamba pa chotupa ndi kusokonekera kwa filimu ya polyethylene yomwe imasokoneza chinyezi kuchokera ku strata ya kapangidwe kake.
- Kutsanulira onyowa m'nyumba yokhala ndi ogwera kapena popanda chopindika.
- Kuyika zokutira panja pa simenti yopanda pake ya simenti. Ngati kukonza kuyenera kutha kwa nthawi yochepa, milingo yowuma iyenera kusankhidwa - Votonit 6000 (Veber.vetonit), malizani (ivsil), etc.
"Slinky"
M'nyumba zomanga 1930s. Kuchulukitsa kumachitika makamaka mitengo yamatabwa (kuchokera ku bar ya 150 × 200 mm kapena kupitilira). Makungwa amakonzedwa kuti akonzekeretse msewu wa owombera (kuchokera kumbali ya chipinda chapansi, chimapakidwa mogwirizana ndi Duranka), wothamanga amayikidwa ndikukutidwa mumchenga kapena slag. Mumiyala, kugwirizanitsa ma lagi, komwe, nastil kuchokera kumabodi okhala ndi makulidwe a 40 mm, akugwira maziko a porquet. M'zaka zapitazi, zigawo zomangira zitsime zopangidwa ndi ma T-konkriti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, ndipo kumeterera kwa konkriti komwe kumakhala mbale kuchokera kumalo otsetsereka ndi kumbuyo.
Mpanda watsopano ukapezeka mnyumbayo ndi mtengo wokulirapo, ndikofunikira kuwunika koyambirira. Ntchitoyi imayenera kuchita mabungwe omanga omwe ali ndi layisensi kusunga cholowa chachikhalidwe ndi / kapena satifiketi yovomerezeka ya Sro. Pamapeto pakuwunika, muyenera kulemba pomaliza komwe kuwerengera kwa zosemphanaku kukupangitsani (kapena kuchotsedwa kwa iwo)), manenedwe, komanso kuwonetsa njira zomanganso. Mwamphamvu kwambiri, kuphatikiza mitengoyo sikuloledwa; Kuphatikiza apo, njira zomangira zokhudzana ndi moto wotseguka, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu ndikuwombera mochititsa thupi kumafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani za yankho limodzi lothandiza.
Kutembenuza pansi, kuchotsa mchenga, slag ndi ma sgriors. Kenako inafalikira pamtengowo zinthu zakumadzi kuti zitheke pamtambo uliwonse. Ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba komanso zolimba potengera galasi choleste ndi phyplozonozole (, "scalkinyl tpp", etc.) . Mitengo yamiyala imasungidwa ndi mastic kapena (kwa pvc) kuti udzu ndi mpweya wabwino. Makungwa amaikidwa mbale kuchokera ku ubweya wa mchere, zoterezi ngati mabatani opepuka, "ma batroc michere" (hitwool) kapena "Isaver-Goben" ("Woyera-Gombel) Makulidwe 80 mm. Zinthu zokutira kutentha ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi kusanjikiza kwa nthunzi, zomwe ndizabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana ma cembenes, mwachitsanzo, Tyvek (Purese), "Edima"), etc.
Malipiro atsopano amatha kupangidwa ndi mipiringidzo youma ndi mtanda wa 50 × 70 mm ndi zina; Zogulitsa za aluminium zimawononga ndalama zokwera mtengo (kuyambira 260 rubles 1 p. M), koma zimalola kuwonjezera chipongwe cha kapangidwe kake ndikugwedezeka poyenda. Ma Lags amakhazikika ndi sitepe yopitilira 500 mm, kugwirizanitsa bwino kwambiri - ma wedge apulasitiki awiri ali oyenera cholinga ichi.
Ngati akonzedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito languate, parquet bolodi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ngati zokutira zakunja, pamwamba pa cholumikizira ndikudzazidwa ndi makulidwe a 16 kuchokera kumodzi, komanso bwino kuposa zigawo ziwiri za madzi apansi pa Plywood. Nthawi yomweyo, pakati pa ma sheet, komanso mozungulira mozungulira, ndikofunikira kusiya zolipiritsa za 4-6 mm.
Pansi pa carpet kapena linoleum iyenera kuchitidwa kuchokera ku chikho cha chikho cha chikho chopanda chipika (chofulumira chachangu ndi ma analogi ake); Ma Lags mu mlanduwu amakhala ndi sitepe yopitilira 400 mm, ndipo chilolezo chozungulira kuzungulira kwa chipindacho kumakulitsidwa mpaka 10 mm (mbalezo zimakwezedwa popanda mipata - PRA, Polyurethane).
Board yayikulu yokhala ndi makulidwe a 35 mm atha kukhazikika mwachindunji pamalo a ma lags, kupulumuka kwambiri pa chipangizocho.
Chithunzi: Gulu la Brozex, Saint-Gobiain Weber, Daür, Kniaf
Kulumikizana pansi ndi woonda woonda wambiri kumafunikira ukadaulo. Zowuma zowuma zolumikizidwa zoyambira zimakuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse konkriti wapamwamba kwambiri ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi
Popewa mikangano ndi anansi, ndikofunikira kugona pa mawonekedwe a pansi pokonzanso
Konzekerani.
Munyumba yogulidwa pamsika wa nyumba zachiwiri, pansi pake amatha kupezeka ndi ma konkreti opangidwa panthawi yakale. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wake umasiyitsa zofunidwa kapena pali ukwati wabwino. Chotsani kapangidwe kake ndi kovuta komanso yotsika mtengo, makamaka ngati ikulimbikitsidwa ndi gululi. Muyenera kukonza zolakwika. Ming'alu yakulitsidwa, kenako kutsanulidwa ndi polymeric kapena simenti-polymers. M'malo mwa zolakwa zazikulu kwambiri, zowalayo ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi ndevu zozungulira zanyumba. Ngati makhoma a masamba a konkriti kumbuyo (omwe amachitika popanda kuyanika kolakwika), mabowo amaumitsidwa ndikulowetsedwa m'pamwamba. Kuthana ndi chimbudzi cha pansi pa simenti pansi, monga vetonit 4100 (Weber.vetonit) kapena "kuyikapo" ("kulunjika").
Chithunzi: Saint-Gobiain Webebe
Pofuna kukonzekereratu zoyambira, kusakaniza, zosakaniza zimagawidwa pamwamba panthaka (a), zokulungira ndi lamulo (b) ndi ozizira (b) ndi ozizira (b). Imaloledwa kuwonetsa zingwe m'mwezi woteteza, komanso mapaipi achitsulo ndi poliel.
Mu "Khrushchevka"
Mu njerwa, gulu ndi block zomangajambula zisanu zomangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950 - theka loyamba la 196s, zokutira zimapangidwa ndi mitengo yamiyala yamiyala yotsimikizika, ndipo malo omwe amapangika nthawi zambiri amabwerera. Zigawo zazikulu za keke pansi zimagawidwa ndi khwangwala kapena Pergamine.Pambuyo poswa maziko akale, ndizotheka kusungitsa zochulukirapo ndi zinthu zosagwedezeka, ndikuyika malo atsopano ndikutsanulira miyala yosalala (zotupa za phokoso zimachulukana ndi 4-6 DB). Mayankho a minutus ndichakuti ma rogs azikhala ophatikizidwa ndi konkritiyo, yomwe idzafooketsa.
Mtundu wina (wotchuka kwambiri) womangansowo ndi chipangizo cha gulu louma, mwachitsanzo, pamaziko a makina a KINAUF KINAUF KINAFEF - OP 135, ophatikizidwa ndi ma grote otetezeka kapena wopangidwa kuchokera ku GVL ya zinthu zapadera), komanso kuyika ndi zida zosindikizira. Makulidwe ochepera a snied wotere ndi 40 mm. Kapangidwe kameneka kakudetsedwa bwino (phindu lokhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi anthu okwanira 18 DB), zolemera zochepa (kuchokera 15 kg) ndipo zimapezeka pa 600) ndipo zimapezeka pa 600 pa 1 m2 akugwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa akaunti). Kuwala kowuma kumatha kukhala maziko a zokutira zambiri, kupatula zina ndi bolodi yayikulu komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Kuwala kowuma sikungakhale konyowa kuposa kunyowa, koma kuthamanga kawiri konse, kupatula, pamene ndi chipangizo, chiopsezo chotupa m'malo otsatirawo ndi chochepa
Magetsi owala
Mosadabwitsa kwambiri, makulidwe ofunikira a ma shyded atha kupitirira 40 mm. Pankhaniyi, kungogwiritsa ntchito konkriti. Chokhacho chotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi konking ya Ceramiz, yomwe siyovuta kukonza malo pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi. Mtengo wa 1 m 2 ceramzite-neghrete-netrite wowuma ndi makulidwe a 50 mm ndi ma ruble 500-700 rubles. Monolith kuchokera kwa omalizidwa ndi filler (mwachitsanzo, foni ya thovu) idzagula 2-2.5 nthawi yokwera mtengo.
Maukadaulo a konkriti ali pafupifupi kanthawi kochepa, koma yankholi limakhala lovuta kukonzekera chinthucho, popeza zinthu zina ndi / kapena zida zimafunikira. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zowuma ndi polystyrene chikwi. Konkriti yotereyi ndifananenso mwachangu ndipo mwina siyikanatsika.
Chithunzi: Saint-Gobiain Webebe
Kuphatikizika komaliza kumafunikira mwachangu, chifukwa kusokonekera kwa njira yamadzimadzi sikupitilira maola awiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukonzekera ntchitoyi: kuti mudziwe dontho lalikulu la mulingo (a) poyambira pulasitiki ma beacon (b). Njira yothetsera vutoli imafalikira pamwamba (b), koma iyenera "kuthandiza" ruble spraper ndi kuchotsa thovu la mpweya ndi singano ndi singano. Wotsiriza womaliza adzauma kuyambira masiku awiri kapena asanu ndi awiri
Mu 1970-90 nyumba ya Panel
Mu nyumba zowonjezereka (9-17), zomwe zidamangidwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha m'ma 1970s, ochulukirapo amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbale zowongoka zokhazikika ndi makulidwe 220 mm. Kuwala konkriti kungagule, koma nthawi zambiri omanga nyumbayo adayala packer ndikumayenda ndi linoleum mwachindunji mpaka posiyana ndi kusiyana kwatsemphana.
M'malo ambiri adenga ali mu mkhalidwe wokhutiritsa, chifukwa chake ndikololedwa kukonza pansi. Koma mitengo ya mbale sizisindikizidwa konse, pomwepo, ziwonetserozo zikuwonetsa mawu owuma, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyika kapeti yaukadaulo yaukadaulo yomwe zidali zothandizira zomwe zidali "AKUFEX-100 Hydro "Ndipo analogues awo ndioyenera.
Ngati dontho laling'ono laposalo ndi 20 mm (ndiye kuti, makulidwe ofunikira am'mimba ndi 40 mm kapena ochepera), kusanjikiza kwam'mimba kungapangidwe kuchokera ku njira yolumikizirana. Mu zipinda zonyowa, sizingalepheretse kuwonjezera zowonjezera hydrophobic zowonjezera, mwachitsanzo CC 92 (CERYIIT) kapena ("Sasi").
Ndi makulidwe owerengeredwa oposa 40 mm, konkriti yopepuka (kunena, konkriti yowala, kachulukidwe kamene kamakhala 1.5-1.7-1.7 Nthawi zotsika kuposa mtsinje wa mchenga.
Pamodzi ndi chonyowa posachedwa, otchedwa Semi-Screeds opangidwa ndi yankho la mchenga wa simenti-Sand ndi Reproproring Polyproplene Firers. Amakhala ovuta komanso okwanira, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kugwirizanitsa osakaniza ndi ma viscous, motero muyenera kupitilirapo pang'ono (mpaka 20 mm) wosanjikiza madzi, monga vetertut ) kapena CN 68 (CERYIT), kapena kupera pamwamba ndi makina apadera.
Chithunzi: "Dnt"
Mukakhazikitsa ma Lags, ndikofunikira kutsatira bwino. Chifukwa chaichi, ma wedge olemba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso othandizira - pulasitiki
Chithunzi: "Dnt"
Zitsulo zodalirika kwambiri
Chithunzi: "Dnt"
Zovala zamakono zimayikidwa pamaziko olimba omwe sikovuta kupanga mothandizidwa ndi plywood
Chithunzi: "Dnt"
Ombo
Chithunzi: Tsamba lofulumira
M'malo mwa plywood, makulidwe otetezeka otetezeka kuyambira 16 mm - kasinned
Chithunzi: Tsamba lofulumira
Kugwedezeka kwa mbali zazitali za mbale, ngakhale zoperekedwa ndi zotayidwa ndi ma crests, ziyenera kukhala pa chithandizo (chag)
Chithunzi: Tsamba lofulumira
Chipbodi popanda kuphika
Chithunzi: K KANF.
Mukakhazikitsa chowuma, Knif imafalikira koyamba ku filimu ya polymer ndikuyika makoma a tepi ya m'tsogolo, yomwe imasokoneza kufalikira kwa mantha ndi phokoso lazithunzi kuchokera kumakoma a makhoma ndi veke.
Chithunzi: K KANF.
Chithunzi: K KANF.
Pambuyo pake, miyala ya dothi yotchinga ikugona
Chithunzi: K KANF.
Miyala yamiyala yokhala ndi zowala ndi ulamuliro wautali wokhala ndi phokoso
Chithunzi: K KANF.
Pamadzi oyambira, maziko olimba kuchokera kumadera owerengeka a KNOUF kapena zinthu zapadera zokhazikitsidwa
Chithunzi: K KANF.
Nthabwala zimasungidwa ndi mastic ndikuchotsa zopangidwa za Kwina GW
Chithunzi: "Soundgard"
Zoyenera
Chithunzi: "Soundgard"
Chithunzi: "Soundgard"
Chithunzi: "Maphunziro"
Ubweya wa mchere
Chithunzi: "Chingwe"
Mapanelo amitundu
Chithunzi: Texa.
Zophatikizika
Chithunzi: Vladimir Grigoriev / Bameda Media
Parquet imawononga mtengo wokwera mtengo chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwa nthawi. Kulira kulikonse kuyenera kulumikizidwa ku Plywood
Chithunzi: "Hall Sholl"
Chithunzi: Vladimir Grigoriev / Bameda Media
Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo za MS Polymer. Kenako mawonekedwe akutembenukira kawiri
Chithunzi: A Legion-Termu Media
Pamwamba ndi mafuta apadera
Chithunzi: Kährs.
Maziko osalala komanso okhazikika - chinthu chachikulu cha mawonekedwe ndi moyo wautali wa chophimba pansi
| Mtundu wa Maziko | Gulu lamatabwa (lags + plywood kapena chipboard) | Kutolera Maluwa (Clavevel Wakuti + Gvlv kapena CSP) | Yonyowa |
| Mphamvu Yosanjikiza | Chachikulu, nthawi zambiri kuposa 20 MPA | Otsika, osakwana 20 MPA | Pakati, koma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito koyenera kwa oyenera |
| Kumveketsa | Kukhutiritsa (kuchepetsedwa kwa phokoso loposa 10 DB) mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma flibration osinthika ndikukongoletsa pakati pa ma ags a masamba omveka | Zabwino (zoposa 15 db) ngakhale ndi makulidwe osachepera 40 mm | Zokhutiritsa kapena zabwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira |
| Kutentha | Kukhutiritsa mukadzaza malo pakati pa basalt thonje la thonje | Zokhutiritsa (ndi makulidwe a 50-60 mm) kapena zabwino (zoposa 80 mm) | Oyipa |
| Kutsutsa kwanyoni | Otsika. Sindikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipinda zonyowa. Monga lamulo, pambuyo pa "Chigumula" chikuyenera kusintha maziko | Otsika. Silingagwiritsidwe ntchito zipinda zonyowa | M'mwamba |
| Moyo Wautumiki | 15-25 | 20-30 | Zopitilira 50. |
| Mtengo (kuphatikiza ntchito yonyamula), opaka. / M2 | Kuyambira 1800. | Kuyambira 650. | Kuyambira 1100. |