Poyamba zitha kuwoneka ngati zikuwoneka kuti sizovuta kukonzekera dimba lanu. Koma kodi sichoncho? Ndipo kodi nthawi zonse timafunikira ntchito? Ndi mafunso okhudza umunthu ndi zovuta zopangidwa, tidatembenukira ku Driscpe Womanga Natalia Borisova
Poyamba zitha kuwoneka ngati zikuwoneka kuti sizovuta kukonzekera dimba lanu. Koma kodi sichoncho? Ndipo kodi nthawi zonse timafunikira ntchito? Ndi mafunso okhudza umunthu ndi zovuta zopangidwa, tidatembenukira ku Driscpe Womanga Natalia Borisova
Kodi ntchito ya dimba ndi chiyani ndipo ndizotheka kuchita popanda izo?
Mwinanso, inde, ngati mungachite popanda ntchito yomanga nyumbayo, popanda chochitika mukamagwira, osakhalapo pochotsa ma opera, popanda kuteteza mukasoka chovala. Kwa ine, polojekitiyi ndi chilankhulo cha Wopanga, chomwe ndimalankhula ndi makasitomala, omanga. Zingakhudze maphunziro anga omanga, koma nthawi zonse ndimachiritsa ngakhale malo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Akak Popanda Ntchito Kukambirana Zosintha patsamba ndi Makasitomala, Momwe Mungawerengere Kukhazikitsa, Momwe Mungafotokozere Omangawo Kuti Afunika Kuchita? Zimakupatsani mwayi kuwona ndi kumverera malo onse, kufalitsa mitundu ya malo a malo adziko ndi mitundu ya zomangamanga, pangani lingaliro la Holtopy ndikupanga zinthu. Ngakhale "Phati" lake ndinapanga ntchito ndikumutsatira iye atakwaniritsa. Zachidziwikire, kusintha kwina ndikotheka ndipo ngakhale pakufunika, koma m'mundamu nthawi zambiri umasinthidwa. Zolengedwa za polojekitiyi sizabwino, komanso zachuma malinga ndi ukadaulo wa ntchito yomanga. Mwachitsanzo, munthawi yofuula, mutha kuganiza kuti dziko lapansi lisakhale pamalopo ndikusungirako zotulukapo, popanda kutuluka kwa nthaka.
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Kodi ndizotheka kupanga ntchito ya munda wake popanda maphunziro apadera?
Munthu, ngati akufuna, amatha kwambiri. Minda Yakale ya okonda omwe sanali oyipitsitsa, ndipo mwinanso kukhala m'minda yomwe idapangidwa ndi akatswiri. Koma kodi anthu ambiri olima milinkhu yambiri adapita kukali bwanji munda wabwino? Ndi mabuku angati omwe amawerengedwanso, kuchuluka kangati komwe ndimayenera kukonzanso, kubweretsedwa, kokerani mundawo kukhala wotere? Nthawi zambiri zimakhalabe kumbuyo kwa zinthuzo. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa chodziphunzitsira komanso kufufuza kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali ndikugwira ntchito pamalowo, okonda kusamukira ku akatswiri. Chifukwa chake zonse zimatengera momwe nthawi yokhazikika # 900; mwini malo ali ndi zothandizira zachuma.
"Pali njira zingapo zogulira minda: Zabwino kwambiri za iwo ndikulipiritsa mundawo," karel Chapek adalangizidwa m'buku lake lodziwika bwino ". Kukopa katswiri wa katswiri kudzawathandiza kupewa zolakwa, kusuntha kosatha, kupatula nthawi ndi njira yake. Ndalama zogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozolowera kulipira. Pakadali pano, kuti mupulumutse, mutha kulumikizana ndi polojekiti yoyimitsa kuti iyike bwino mundawo - maziko ake "amagwira" ndi "DZIKO LAPANSI. M'madera omwe ali ndi mpumulo, mitsinje, mipiringidzo yambiri yamadzi itaimirira ndi zina zotero, sindingalimbikitse kuyambira poyambira nthaka popanda kupanga ntchito. Zotsatira za "ndalama" zoterezi zitha kukhala kusefukira kwam'mwero, kumadzaza malo am'madzi, kuwononga gawo la madzi amkuntho, akutsuka nthaka ndi kufa kwa mbewu.
Kodi wopanga chizindikiro uyenera kudziwa chiyani?
Ntchito ya wopanga malo, kapena wopanga, amagwirizanitsa ambiri apadera. Ayenera kukhala wojambula, mainjiniya, katswiri, nthaka, nthaka ndi katswiri wa munthu m'modzi. Afunika kukhala ndi kompyuta, ndipo mulingo, ndi chinsinsi, ndi fosholo. Ngakhale makonzedwe, monga kuthirira ndi kuyatsa zakunja, akupanga akatswiri owunikira, wopanga malowo amakakamizidwa kuti athetse kuphedwa kwawo, kukhala mphamvu yayikulu yolimbikitsa. Mapangidwe opanga madandaulo amagwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 12 ndipo musasiye maphunziro owonjezera, kuchezera maphunziro apamwamba, semina, makalasi, ndipo amapeza luso loyenda m'minda. Wopanga malo si ntchito chabe, ndi moyo.
Mtundu wa mawonekedwe amatenga gawo lofunikira, monga limafotokozera kaye za nkhaniyi. Mtundu wofiyira wa zomangamanga zimayambitsa mayanjano okhala ndi mitu ya mayina, abuluu amatanthauza zinthu zamadzi
Kodi ndi chidziwitso chiti (deta) chokhudza malowa musanapange?
Choyamba, tikufuna dongosolo lokonzekera nyumba zonse zomwe zilipo kale, mitengo ndi zolankhula ndi zomangamanga. Ngati ndi yaying'ono, yosalala, ndiye kuti mungadziyese nokha. Chofunikanso malo apamwamba a tsambalo ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino a malire. Popanda izi, sizingatheke kusinthana ndi kukonzanso kwake kokweza ndi kutetezedwa ndi madzi osefukira. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi chikonzero cha kulumikizana, kuphatikiza njira zopatsirana, njira yotsatirira ma network, zofunikira pakupanga malowa ku makonzedwe a m'mudzimo. Kanemayo amafunikira zotsatira za maphunziro a gerogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogical maphunziro a gerdrogelogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogical, makamaka kupitiriza zovuta zomanga dongosolo lamphepo m'derali m'madera ogwirizana komanso ndi mpumulo wovuta. Kupanga Network Network ndi mutu wosiyana womwe umafuna kusanthula kokwanira kwa malowa ndi gawo loyandikana nalo, ndipo sichofunikira kuchita popanda chidziwitso chapadera. Nthawi zambiri pa zokambirana zanga eni minda amadabwa: Amati, Network, ndipo palibe chifukwa. Pakuwunika, zimapezeka kuti kumanga netiweki yamadzi yamkuntho kumachitika popanda ntchito, ndi zolakwa ndi zovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndisamakwanitse.
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1. Munda wa Bulln Bulln umawonetsa imodzi mwazinthu zamakono zamakono - kusankha kwazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa.
2, 3. Kupanga mizere yozungulira imafunikira kulembera gawo limodzi mosamala.
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4, 7. Mtundu wa mafomu ang'onoang'ono omanga ndipo ngakhale mipando yamimba yaminda imatsindika zazomera zomwe zasankhidwa, zimayika zovomerezeka ndikumaliza kuphatikizidwa.
5, 6. Mukamapanga zida zovuta zoterezi pamalopo, monga mtsinje wa mapiri ochita, a Grotto kapena Mtsinje, osati kuchita popanda kukopa akatswiri oyenerera.
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8, 9. Kusankhidwa kwa njira ya kalembedwe kumachitika pa gawo loyambirira la kapangidwe. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimakonda zimaperekedwa ku chimodzi mwazigawo zikuluzikulu - zidasungidwa ndi mizere yake yosalala (8) kapena yokhazikika ndi ma angles a ngodya mwachindunji (9).
Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse pamapangidwe a minda yayikulu ndi yaying'ono? Ndipo ndi tsamba liti lomwe lingachitike ndi lalikulu, komanso laling'ono?
Kukula kwa chiwembu si njira yotsimikizika ya munda wawung'ono. Ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amatchedwa dimba lakwawo, ndipo antipondo wake ndi munda wa anthu. Square Squarding ndiofanana ndi dzikolo, lotseguka kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito, sangathe kuyitanidwa dimba laling'ono, pomwe dzikolo m'magulu angapo lidzakhala ndi munda wabanja wina. Inde, kukula kwa dimba laumwini ndikofunikira kuti kapangidwe ka kusintha. Koma algorithms a chilengedwe chake cha chiwembu chachikulu kapena chaching'ono sichili chosiyana kwambiri. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikupeza chithunzi cha m'mundamo, lingaliro, popanda zovuta kwambiri kupangitsa kuti malowo akhale ogwirizana. Ndi lingaliro loti kapangidwe ka chidutswa chaching'ono sichovuta komanso mphamvu kwa osachita bwino. Komabe, malinga ndi zomwe zachitika zomwe ndinganene kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi masamba ang'ono (osakwana zaka zana limodzi): Pali zofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera komanso zolakwa ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri amawongolera. Kuyandikana kwa nyumba zoyandikana nawo, kusokonekera kwa malo achitukuko ndi kuyika malo okhala ndi kusapeza bwino kwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro am'mimba ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo abwino. Aeslis amawonjezeredwa m'mavuto amenewa, mpumulo kapena zolakwa zopangidwa pomanga nyumba zimawonjezeredwa, kenako thandizo la akatswiri limafunikira.
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10-13. Kuundana m'munda sikumangokhala ndi phindu labwino, komanso limanyamula katundu wachifundo wa mawonekedwe a stylict. Mizere yotsimikizika bwino, mizere yotsimikizika ya zinthuzo zimakongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi chiwembu.
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14-16. Kusankhidwa kwamasamba kudzaza malowa kuyenera kufanana ndi yankho lodziwika bwino. Ngati maluwa amtundu wosiyanasiyana (14, 15) ali ovomerezeka ku dimba la Chingerezi (14, 15), monochromity (16) kukhala koyenera kwambiri ku Japan.
Kodi pali projekiti wamba walgorithm kapena dimba lililonse limafuna dongosolo lantchito?
Munda uliwonse wa payekha umapangidwa ndi algorithm yemweyo, wosiyana pang'ono wogwirizanitsidwa ndi zochulukirapo za malowo ndizotheka. Nayi magawo akuluakulu apangidwe.
imodzi. Kudziwana ndi kasitomala (amayambiranso kuyamba ntchito pa ntchitoyi). Zotsatira za zokambirana zikuyesera kuti zimveke zomwe eni eni munda, mvetsetsani njira ya moyo wawo, pezani zosowa za mabanja. Aliyense ayenera kudziwa: chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amakhala, m'badwo wa aliyense, mawonekedwe a munthuyo komanso ngakhale athanzi, zokonda ndi momwe eni ake amakonda kucheza nawo pano. Nkhani ya chisamaliro cha m'munda ndi yofunika kwambiri: Kodi makasitomala amadzichitira okha komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti apulumutse mundawo kapena kuti athandizire akatswiri?
2. Kuchoka ku chiwembucho komanso kupenda mosamala ndi kujambula. Kusanthula Zinthu Zachilengedwe: mpumulo, nthaka, masamba omwe alipo kale. Kuyesa kwa omwe alipo kwa nyumba, ma driveways oyandikana nawo madera. Kusankhidwa kwa madera omwe akufunika kukodwa, kapena, m'malo mwake, malingaliro, omwe ndi ofunikira kuphatikiza m'munda. Kuwongolera kwa mphepo kuyenera kuthandizidwa, magwero a phokoso patsamba (mwina muyenera kupanga kubzala mbewu).
3. Kusanthula mapulani (toptographic ndikukhazikika, kuphatikiza njira za rading), Zofunikira za mapangidwe a malowa, komanso zotsatira za kafukufuku wazaka zadziko.
zinayi. Kuphunzira Ntchito Zamanyumba, Makina Osiyanasiyana, Magulu Olowetsa, kuwunika kwamitundu yotseguka kuchokera ku mawindo, okhala ndi malekezero ndi makonde.
zisanu. Lingaliro la dimba. Zonse zomwe zidalembedwa ndi chilankhulo chowuma chimayitanidwa kuwunika koyambirira kwa gawo. Koma opanga madandaulo ndi mapulomani amatenga zochulukirapo, poyamba, lingaliro losagwirizana, ngati "mzimu wa malo". Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi mawonekedwe, mbiri ya eni kapena eni munda wake, zomangamanga za nyumba zomwe zilipo komanso ntchito yamalo. Mvetsetsani, kumva ndi kulingalira mu ntchitoyi "mizimu ya" mizimu "- ntchito ya akatswiri.
Malo ake ndi chinthu chofunikira popanga ntchito. Ndikofunikira kuwunika mwaluso ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpumulo womwewo, wamisala, masamba ophuka, dothi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe kuzungulira mundawo kumakupatsani inu kuti muchepetse malire a tsambalo. Wkitai njirayi imatchedwa kubwereketsa kwa malowa. Mamangidwe ake ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza ntchitoyi yomwe ikusankha ma syyllo. Pali awiri awiri omwe amawonetsedwa ndi chikhalidwe, mawonekedwe a munthu, yang'anani wokongola. Chinthu chabwino ndi pamene nyumba ndi dimba idapangidwa yonse. Kufalikira kwa zinthu zonse ziwiri za malowa, makalata a nyumba zawo zomwe zilipo, zogwira ntchito, zomwe akuchita nawo pamoyo wozungulira ndiye chinsinsi cha polojekiti. Mbiri ya malowa, mamangidwe a mibadwo yam'mbuyomu ndi malingaliro opanda malire ndi kudzoza kwa akatswiri. DZIKO LAPANSI Minda, ngati zomangamanga, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati eni ake. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa zokhumba za mabanja onse komanso ziweto kuti apange malo abwino komanso otetezeka kwa anthu onse okhala, pomwe aliyense adzakhala ndi malo ndi phunzirolo pa shawa. Kuchokera pamenepa zimatengera kudzazidwa kwa mundawo, "Malo A Ntchito". Chinthu chimodzi ndi munda wa banja lalikulu ndi ana aang'ono, nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti banja lithe, nthawi zambiri ndi munda kwa banja kukhala lotalikirana ndikufunika kukhala nokha ndi mtendere.
Zotsatira za kukambirana ndi kasitomala komanso kuwonedwa kwa "mzimu wa malo" omwe amayenera kubadwa modabwitsa m'mundamo ndi lingaliro, chithunzi chomwe chimaphatikiza zigawo zake zonse. Kusankha kapangidwe ka njira, zakukhosi kwa makoma, makoma osungunuka, mitundu yaying'ono yamakono, mitundu, mitundu, mbewu zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi ntchito yojambula.
6. Kapangidwe kake. M'malo mwake, ichi ndi lingaliro la mapulani oyambira, adalemba kapangidwe ka omanga. Njira yokonza ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokambirana ndi kasitomala wa polojekiti, yomwe imapangidwa ndi nyumba zonse, zomwe zikugwira ntchito m'gawo lanu, kupumula ndi kumunda. Pakadali pano, kadontho ka gawo ka gawo kumapangidwa, kuchuluka kwa malo otsekedwa ndi otseguka pamalopo kumatsimikiziridwa. Palibe cholondola cha mbewu ku pulani, koma mitundu yamitundu yamitundu ija ndi a Habius (mawonekedwe) ayenera kutumizidwa kale. Makasitomala, ngati angafune, amatha kuchepetsa ntchito yolemba, pomwe iye yekha adzayenera kunyamula zomera kuti adzaze mavoliyumu.
7. Pamaziko a polojekiti yojambula, dongosolo la Mbuye limakulitsidwa. Atavomerezedwa, kasitomala amayamba kupanga zolemba.
"Malamulo Anga:" Musavulaze! " (Makamaka polemekeza nkhalango komanso kosangalatsa malo osangalatsa), kulengedwa kwa malo amodzi, oyenera pragmatims ndikuchepetsa mtengo wosunga dimba "
Kodi ndi ziti zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito?
Kukonzekera kwa ntchito kungaphatikizepo zinthu khumi kapena kupitilira. Mwa iwo:
- Ntchito yofuula;
- Kutulutsa radior-yamkuntho;
- Ntchito ya gawo la gawo - ubale wowerengeka wa malo onse a ntchito zosintha: nyumba, kupaka udzu, madandaulo.;
- Mapulani a pamsewu ndi kumanga zovala zamsewu, makoma osungunula, masitepe, malo;
- Zojambula zapakati ndi kukula kwa zinthu zazikulu za malowa;
- Zojambula za malo ake;
- Kuthirira polojekiti;
- Ntchito ya mitundu yaying'ono ya zomanga (Arbolars, pergos, ziboliboli, mabenchi);
- Reseffvoir;
- Dendroplan;
- mapulani okongoletsa maluwa.
Chigawo chilichonse ndichofunikira kwambiri ndipo chimaphatikizapo mndandanda waukulu wa ntchito zothetsa. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zazikulu za polojekiti yolunjika ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa zomwe zilipo chifukwa cha zosangalatsa, mabungwe am'madzi amadzimadzi amapangidwa chifukwa cha mpweya ndi kusefukira kosavuta komanso kotetezeka a oyenda ndi magalimoto m'gawo lopangidwa. Ntchito yopuma bwino iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama za kuwonongeka kwa malowa, zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthaka, kuti zithandizire kwa dziko lapansi, kuti zikhale zofunikira kwa m'kukumbika). Kupatula apo, palibe chinsinsi kuti kutumiza nthaka ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dothi lero ndi zosangalatsa. Zowonjezera zake zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Geoplasty, kukhazikitsa malo otsetsereka kumakona, kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa malo otsetsereka, pomwe zida ndi zigawo ndizokhazikika. Komabe, ndikufuna kuchenjeza eni ziwembu kuchokera zopanda pake "zokutira" za dothi lolemera m'gawolo. Chifukwa chake, idapangidwa m'nthaka ya madzi am'madzi, mawonekedwe ake, opatsa thanzi komanso opatsa thanzi amawonongeka, mwadzidzidzi amawonongeka chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yawo, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mikhalidwe yawo ndi imfa. Izi ndizowona makamaka m'malo omwe nkhalango ili m'nkhalangomo, ndalama zakanthawi pomwe zidatha kutayika kwa minda yamilandu. Ntchito yokonzekera pulawo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito zina zamagetsi zophunzitsira, monga zotulukapo ndi mvula (mvula) ntchito.
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17. General pulani ya dimba payekha mu dera la Moscow. Pamalo ocheperako (ma maekala 10) ndi dontho lalitali (oposa 4m), zidatheka kuyika zinthu zonse zomwe kasitomala: , m'munda wa zipatso, m'munda wamasamba wamasamba, Rosary ndi malo otseguka (udzu).
18, 19. Kupanga dongosolo la gawo la Dedoprery kumachitika pambuyo popanga ntchito ya polojekiti. Nyumba zonse zimawonekera, kuphatikizika kwa gawo, malingaliro a bungwe la bungwe la mpumulo ndikuyenda pamalowo ndikuyika pakhomo.
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20. Kuwona kwa malo oyendetsa bwino dimba: Kukhala kwake komwe kumachitika ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo kuphatikiza pagawo ndi zachikondi, maziko anthawi zonse komanso kudzazidwa ndi zofuna za nyumbazo.
21. Dendroplan wokhala ndi ma aglement mawu. Chitsanzo cha mfundo yodziwika bwino mu kapangidwe kake ndi mitundu yocheperako ya mitundu yosankhidwa. Maple Saccharium "Laciniatum Viery" ndi maambulera ya Canada ngati mitundu yayikulu yolingana ndi mitundu yamakono yogogomezera zomanga zamakono za nyumbayo.
Kodi kusankhidwa kwa mbewu kumatanthauza bwanji? Kodi ndi "pepala" kapena njira yothandiza?
Pulojekiti yoyang'anira munda ndi gawo lalikulu la ntchito yantchito. Bingu limaphatikizaponso dendroplan yokhala ndi mawu a assort ndikulemba zojambula, zomwe zimawonetsera mtundu wa kubereka kwa mbewu komanso mapulani. Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu kumachitika makamaka pamalingaliro a dimba ndi gawo lachilengedwe la polojekiti. Gwirizanani ndi yankho lomweli, kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zosiyanasiyana kumasintha mawonekedwe a m'mundamo. Chifukwa chake, njira zofunika kwambiri pakusankhidwa kwa miyala ndi hardness yozizira, zokongoletsa komanso kutsatira mikhalidwe yoyenera pakukula kwa mbewu zomwe zili patsamba, dothi, nyali, chinyezi. Musathamangire mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana, ikutembenukira m'mundawo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mbewu zonse zimafanana ndi lingaliro lonse la m'mundamu, komanso mitundu yaying'ono ya zomangamanga, magareches, mabelas, mabersens, osungira. Vuto lofala kwambiri wamalonda ndilomera kwambiri mbewu, zomwe zimayambitsa zojambula. M'malo mwake ndikufuna kudziwa kuti madera a mundawo akuwerenga, mgwirizano wa zinthu zake zonse, zomangamanga ndi chilengedwe komanso chilengedwe ndi chizindikiro cha ntchito ya akatswiri.