Maziko a magulu a chimanga cha chimango chomanga ndi kumaliza ntchito nthawi zambiri amathandizira azitsulo. Za momwe njira zowunikira mkhalidwe wawo ndi zomwe zingasankhe kapena kutanthauza kupulumutsa, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kutchuka kwa ukadaulo "wouma" kumamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe otetezeka omwe amapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka 90s. Zaka XX Zaka XX, zikukula. Makina ophatikizidwa amakono ophatikizika - chimango cha zitsulo, zomwe zidasintha njanji. Amaphatikizidwa ndi nyumba zophimba za nyumbayo, kenako amakonzedwa ndi pepala (Glc, Gklv, GKLL, GVL iyo. Tekinolojiyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga madeti, kukhoma pang'ono ndi kuyimitsidwa kapena kutsatsa. Zabwino zake ndizodziwikiratu. Mukamaliza "chonyowa" ndi "chonyowa" (choponyera, chomangika ndi ma c simementi chimatha .D.) Kuchepetsa. Zimachulukitsa kwambiri zokolola ndikuwongolera mikhalidwe yochititsa ntchito. Abenial, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kupanga zokongoletsera zokongoletsera. Dziwani kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi HCL pakupanga magawo, njerwa ina kapena konkriti, kumachepetsa katundu pazinthu zonyamula nyumbayo. Zotsatira zake, ndizotheka kuchepetsa mtengo wake womanga. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, zojambula zopepuka zikufunikira ndipo pakukonza nyumba zomangidwa zaka zana kapena zingapo zapitazo.
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3, 4. Dziwani mtengo wa denga la magawo ambiri kuchokera ku glc ithandiza muyeso wa kampani yapadera. Adzasamalira zofuna zawo ndipo adzapereka yankho labwino. Malinga ndi zojambula padenga, chimango cha zitsulo (3) lidzapangidwira ndikudulidwa ndi pulasitala (4). Kuti mupeze chitsimikizo pa denga la denga lapakati, lopaka utoto liyenera kupatsidwana ndi kampani yomweyo.
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5, 6. Pafupifupi, chimango chimakhazikika mu mbiri yotsogolera pa site yokhazikitsidwa pamakoma. Kunyamula ma pp pp aikidwa mwaluso ku ma pn ma pn, pakati pawo pamlingo womwewo.
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7. Mofulumira komanso mosavuta ndikuphatikizana ndi wina ndi mnzake ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe ili ndi ntchentche pokhazikitsa maziko a Stincer Woundana "Stanf).
8. Popanga mawonekedwe a curpineginear, tsamba la plastern-leaf limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma radice ocheperako owuma mu dziko louma ndi oposa 1000 mm, mu chonyowa - oposa 300mm. Tsamba limangokhala lalitali mpaka kumapeto.
9. Maupangiri a gulu la funde lofanana ndi mbiri wamba, koma ndi mashelufu otchuka. Pambuyo pokweza chimango chidakonzedwa ndi GCL wamba. Iwo anali atakomoka, akuyenda ndi singano odzigudubuza ndipo atayikidwa ndi madzi okhala ndi chinkhupule chonyowa.
PP, PPN, PS ndi PN
Maziko a kapangidwe ka chimango nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafayilo azitsulo omwe amapangidwa ndi tepi yozizira yokhala ndi 0,5-0.8mm pa zida zapamwamba. Kutalika kwa zinthu zina, monga lamulo, ndi 3000 kapena 4000mm, koma zopangidwa ndi nthawi ina zitha kulamula. Mafayilo amagawidwa kuti atseke (PS), maofesi (PN), denga (ma pp), atsogoleri a denga (PNP kapena PNP).Lingaliro la katswiri
Mbiriyo iyenera kupangidwa ndi pepala lachitsulo lokwanira, chifukwa kuunika kwa mbiri kumadalira pagawo ili, chifukwa chake kapangidwe kake. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo cha kukula chimakhudza kulimba kwa kusungira cholocha mu mbiri, ndiye kuti, kumapereka kokhazikika kwa chimango. Zochitika ndi akatswiri a kampani yathu idapeza kuti kukhazikika kokwanira kwa mbiri yachitsulo ndi 0,55-0.6 mm. Chipatala, opanga ena am'nyumba amapereka zinthu zazing'onoting'ono - 0,4-0.5mm, ndipo nthawi zina mutha kukumana ndi mbiri ndi makulidwe a 0.3 mm. Malinga ndi Kniaf (Germany), screwy iyenera kuchitika mu mbiriyo ndi kuyesetsa kwa makilogalamu 45. Mbiri ya 0,6mmm imapereka izi ndi malire. Ngati makulidwe akhala ochepera 0,55mm, chofunikira sichimachitika. Kuti muwonjezere zokolola, mbiri zachitsulo kudula ndikusonkhanitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida: epilpotters, it.d. Mafayilo a GLVENN safuna chitetezo chowonjezera ku chilengedwe.
Arkady dishkevich, mutu wa dipatimenti ya Khothi
PS. Tumikirani ma rating ang'onoang'ono mumagawo amkati komanso. Mbiri yotere imakwezedwa mu awiri ndi chitsogozo choyenera, kuwalitsa ndi zomata kapena cholakwika. Pankhaniyi, ma rack onse ayenera kutumizidwa mbali imodzi. Kukula kukula - 50/50, 75/50, 100 / 50mm.
Ma pn Chitani ntchito ya maupangiri a mbiri yakale. Zogulitsazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga opukutira pakati pa p p p mafilimu ndi malangizi. Amakhala ophatikizidwa ndi denga ndi pansi. Kukula kwake - 50/40, 75/40, 100 / 40mm.
Mas Lemberani kuti apange chimango choyimitsidwa ndi khoma. Amaphatikizidwa ndi magawo osakhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwapadera - mwachindunji kapena ndi clapa. Kukhazikitsa kuyimitsidwa ndi clip m'mphepete mwa msewu kuti akhale otsimikiza. Kukula kukula - 60 / 27mm.
PPN (PNP) Ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafayilo owongolera akamakwera maziko a khonde loyimitsidwa. Ndi za chimango ichi chomwe mapepala a pulasitala amakonzedwa. Kukula kukula - 28 / 27mm.
Pa Adapangidwa kuti ntchito yomanga tizirombo ta cullinear, aboola ndi magulu abodza. Amapangidwa kuti alamule kuchokera ku mbiri ya PP ndikupanga conc kapena convex, ndi radius osiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mbiri yakaleyo ndi 6000 mm, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zopanga. Mbiri ya ngodya si gawo la kapangidwe kake. Kusankhidwa kwake ndikuteteza ma sheet a plasterboard kapena gypsum firberboard yowonongeka, yomwe ndiyofunikanso. Kukula kwa gawo - 31 / 31mm. Chonde dziwani kuti masrurus aifupi amaperekedwa pa mashelufu ndi ma shelufu. Amapereka mafayilo owonjezera, ndipo ps amagwira ntchito yowongolera pokhazikitsa HCL ndikuwongolera ntchito ya Wizard mukakhazikitsa zomangira. Kuphatikiza pa mbiri, kapangidwe kake kamaphatikiza kuyimitsidwa kwa pp ku malo onyamula ma pp, zingwe zowonjezera, zolumikizira (zosakwatiwa ndi ziwiri) pakuyang'anira magwiridwe antchito.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Ngati pali kukayikira ngati mbiri, yesani kupotoza m'manja mwanu ngati kufinya thaulo. Mbiri yomwe idzasinthidwa mosavuta kuti musagwiritse ntchito, chifukwa chifukwa cha chimango chosakwanira chomaliza, ming'alu idzawonekera. Izi zitha kuchitika pambuyo pa zaka 1-2 kapena pambuyo pa khoma loterolo limaperekedwa munthu wamkulu. Masters amayang'ana kudalirika kwa mbiri yachitsulo mwanjira ina: zomata mmenemo zomata, ndiye kutenga pachokha ndikuyesera kutulutsa. Ngati itasweka, zitsulo zachitsulo, malonda sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pokhazikitsa glk (makulidwe a othamanga omaliza, ndikofunikira kumira kotero kuti sikusokoneza chiwopsezo cha pambuyo pake) pamakhala chiopsezo chokongoletsa zomangira. Kungopatsidwa ntchito ya akatswiri, musakayikire kuti adzasankhira maulalo ndikuyika mwaluso ntchitoyo mosasamala kanthu za zovuta zake.A Sergey Patanin, mutu wa Gypshulazhh.ru
Kudalirika makamaka
Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zimasankha maluso achitsulo ndikuwasuntha ngati zolakwika zonse pambuyo pake zidzakhala zowotchera? Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinthu zopanda pake, kukwaniritsa ndalama zomwe mwagula pogula zotsika mtengo komanso, tsoka, zinthu zabwino. Zotsatira zake ndi mawonekedwe a ming'alu pa kumaliza maphunziro, kuwonongeka kwa mikhalidwe yotchinga ya mawu, magawo ndi denga. Chimangocho chikhoza kukhala nkhani, ndipo nthawi zina kapangidwe kamapangidwa kumapangidwa chifukwa cha mapangidwe oyipa.
Chimodzi mwazowonetsa za mbiri yazitsulo, m'njira zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kulimba kwa mawonekedwe, ndikutsutsana. Palibe chinsinsi chomwe zinthu zochokera ku nyumba yayikulu kwambiri sizingatengeke ndi zotupa kuposa zinthu zakuda. Chifukwa chake, mbiri yabwino kwambiri yapamwamba imapangidwa kuchokera kwa chitsulo cholunjika. Tikakhala zinc, imapeza malo oteteza.
Mtengo wa mbiri yachitsulo umathanso kukhala chitsimikizo chambiri, chifukwa zimatengera makulidwe a chitsulo, chomwe mankhwalawa amapangidwa. M'misika yomanga zapakhomo, ngati mukufuna, sizovuta kupeza ma ruble 12. Kwa 1 tsa. m, pomwe akatswiri amawona mtengo wovomerezeka wa ma ruble 40. Kwa 1 tsa. Mbiri ya gkl makulidwe osakwana 0.35mm ikhoza kugwada manja. Gwiritsani ntchito ndizowopsa, makamaka popanga zomangamanga. Pazinthu zachuma, zoterezi ndizosatheka. Ukadaulo wa antchito nawonso amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri. Ayenera kudziwa momwe zimagwiritsira ntchito mafayilo pamtunda ndi wina ndi mnzake. Kuphwanya kumapangitsa kuti mapangidwe onsene apangidwe. Choyipa chachikulu ndikuti zotsatira za zophophonya zotere sizingapezeke nthawi yomweyo.
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Kukhazikitsa kwa gawo la chimango ndi zinthu zomveka zokutira pansi pa malo owongolera madongosolo, komanso malo okhazikitsa ma racks ndi makomo. Kenako chizindikirocho chimasamutsidwa ku khoma la denga la denga. Ndege yamitundu yomwe idzasinthidwa kukhoma kapena kupitirira idasungidwa ndi riboni polyirethane. Pambuyo pake, PN adaukira kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito nangula. Gawo lolimbikitsidwa la kuyika kwa mbiri ndi osachepera 400mm (10). Pamwamba kwambiri ndi otsika pn adayikidwa PS: Choyamba m'munsi, kenako adatsitsidwa molunjika ndikuyamba kumtunda (11). Mtunda pakati pa malo a PS ayenera kukhala 600mm, kuyambira kumbuyo kwa msambo wopitilira khoma - komanso osapitilira 600 mm. Ps yolumikizidwa ku mod (13 / 4.2mm). Mapepala a plasterboard (3000x1200mm) yolumikizidwa ndi ma racks odzikonda (12). Kutsekeredwa m'magawo awiri, ndikofunikira kuti mupewe mwadzidzidzi mafupa a zigawo zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri. Musanakhazikitse wosanjikiza wachiwiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwongolere mafupa a mapepala oyamba ndi mabowo m'malo omwe amamukonda. Kuti muchepetse kwambiri phokoso lazomwe zimasungidwa chifukwa cha staphle fiberglass "Ura Geo M-11 Phokoso" (URSA) lidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lingaliro lomveka bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, adagwira ntchito yothandiza mafuta. M'lifupi la mphaka ndi 600mm, choncho ndi gawo lokhazikika la 600 mm, sizinali zofunikira kudula zinthuzo mlifupi - 13). Masa "Ursa Geo M-11 Chitetezo cha Nyuzipepala" Khalani ndi Elastity kwambiri. Adayikidwa mkati mwa mawonekedwe a Moper Speme, popanda cholumikizira. Mbali imodzi ya zinthuzo ndi pafupi ndi dothi, linalo limalowa kuya kwa mbiri ya P-14). Gawo lomaliza ndikukhazikitsa mbali yachiwiri ya madola (15). Pambuyo pake, gawo lidakutidwa ndikumaliza kumaliza.
Kodi ndi zochuluka motani?
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya machitidwe omwe mafayilo azitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Woyamba - denga loyimitsidwa, lomwe limanyamula kapangidwe kawiri ndi chitsulo. Zinthu zotsirizira ndi zotsatsa (ma pp) zojambula ndi chitsogozo cha denga (PNP / PNP), ndipo mapepala apapa pulasitiki ndi mbale. Kwa denga lotere, ndizosavuta kubisa matope ndi zida zina zaanjala, ndikupanga kutentha ndi zinthu zomveka kuti chipindacho chizikhala bwino pamoyo. Mtengo wa ntchito pamakonzedwe a 1m2 kuyimitsidwa padenga - kuchokera 400 rubles.
Mtundu wachiwiri ndi magawo amkati, zomangamanga zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopindulitsa poyerekeza ndi zida zina (kuchokera ku mabatani a njerwa) chifukwa cha liwiro lawo. Kusanjikiza komweko kwa michere yofananira zinthu mkati mwa septum kumathandiza kuthana ndi vuto la zipinda zoyamika kwa zipinda zoyandikana ndi izi: chipinda chochezera, khitchini ndi ana. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mbiri yakale komanso zowongolera, kuyambira mbali ziwiri za gcl. Ubwino wina wofunika wa magawo amkatiwo ndi kuthekera kowachotsa mwachangu ndikupereka chipindacho mtunduwo, komanso kusuntha. Ntchito Yabwino pantchito yomanga 1M2- kuchokera 450.
Zolondola, kuyang'ana kutali ndi ungwiro wa makhoma ndi "kupindika" kuposa 5-6 cm. Mapangidwe ake amakhala ndi zitsulo chimodzi. Kumbukirani: Mtunda pakati pa ma racks uyenera kukhala 600mm pomwe chimango cha chimango cha gcl (1200mm mliem lonse) kulowa mmodzi ndi 400mm - povala zigawo ziwiri. Ntchito Yantchito Yoyang'ana 1M2- Kuyambira 260.
Zovala zosiyanasiyana zomaliza zimayikidwa pamalo omalizidwa a denga, magawo kapena makoma: utoto, ma pivepu, matayala opangidwa, matayala a ceractic.
Okonza zikomo kwambiri kampani ndi Gypsmuluazh.ru kuti athandizidwe pokonza zinthu.