Pokonza nyumba nthawi zambiri imayenera kupanga zopinga pakati pa zipinda. Ntchitozi sizimawoneka ngati zovuta, ndipo eni ambiri amawapatsa "pamwambo" kwa olamulira kuchokera ku gulu la anyamata. Ndipo kenako zimapezeka kuti mamangidwewo samasiyanitsa mawuwo kwathunthu, samapirira katundu ndi ming'alu. Tiyeni tiyesetse kudziwa momwe mungapewere zovuta zotere
Pokonza nyumba nthawi zambiri imayenera kupanga zopinga pakati pa zipinda. Ntchitozi sizimawoneka ngati zovuta, ndipo eni ambiri amawapatsa "pamwambo" kwa olamulira kuchokera ku gulu la anyamata. Ndipo kenako zimapezeka kuti mamangidwewo samasiyanitsa mawuwo kwathunthu, samapirira katundu ndi ming'alu. Tiyeni tiyesetse kudziwa momwe mungapewere zovuta zotere
Nthawi yomweyo khazikitsani malowa m'nkhaniyi timalankhula za magawo okhazikika. "Pa zojambulazo" zikhalabe zokongoletsa zakumaso ndi kusintha zomwe owerenga angakwanitse kupeza mu "IVD", 2007, N 4 (105); 2010, n 6 (140). Kulowetsa kwa kulembera kumapangidwa kuchokera kumadera ocheperako ndi mbale kapena mapepala owuma ndi ma shopu owuma (Gkl ndi GWL) isanathe ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, maziko ndi slab ya overlap kapena konkriti konkriti pansi, ndipo m'nyumba yokhala ndi mtengo wokulirapo - mtengo wonyamula kapena lag.
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3. Ngakhale khoma loonda (130-150m), mutha kukonza zida zolemetsa popanda chiwopsezo chilichonse. Ngati kugawana kumapangidwa ndi zingwe za foam, gwiritsani ntchito masitepe apadera ndi manguya a mankhwala. Phatikizani mwachinsinsi pazinthu zoundana zitha pokhapokha ngati mukudziwa kuti mbiri yonyamula anthu ili
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4. Kukhazikitsa makoma a radius ndi ntchito yovuta. Tiyenera kutsogolera zomangamanga pazangana zoyandikira pafupi wina ndi mnzake (iwo amakhazikika pamutu), kenako m'magulu angapo kuti muchepetse pansi ndi simenti kapena pulasitala.
5. Kugawana chithovu ndi zinthu zosavuta pantchito. Koma kukapinda khoma lolimba kuchokera pamenepo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito guluu, tsatirani kavalidwe ka seams ndikukonzanso gawo lothandizira
Mitu ya Golide Pakati
Mukamalimbikitsa zigawo zozikika, muyenera kuganizira zofunikira zomwe zimatsutsana. Mbali, kapangidwe kake kuyenera kukhala kuwunika koma osati kwakuda kwambiri kotero kuti katundu wambiri sukula, ndipo malo othandiza sanakule. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse mumafuna kumaliza kukonza mwachangu ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, muchepetse mtengo wazinthu ndi ntchito. Mbali yolimba, ngati magawowo ndi opepuka kwambiri komanso owonda, amawonjezera chiopsezo chokumana ndi mavuto: Khomo lofooka lingayambitse chithunzi, mumawotcha "zenera" chipinda choyandikana nawo.Kukula kwa gawo kumakakamizidwa kuti ukhale wocheperako kuposa m'lifupi mwake bokosi (pafupifupi 90mm), ndi luso lake lomveka - limagwirizana ndi Snap 23-0- Malinga ndi chikalatachi, m'nyumba za gulu b (lokhala ndi zinthu zabwino), magawo pakati pa zipinda za nyumbayo ziyenera kuchepetsera phokoso la mpweya ndi 41db, komanso pakati pa bafa ndi 47db. Komabe, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti zofuna zamisala ndizochepa kwambiri komanso zabwino kuyendetsa mtengo wa 52-54db - khoma la mpweya (RW) lili ndi makulidwe a 280mm. Kukhazikitsa kumbuka komveka ngati chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri tidzabweranso koposa. Pomaliza, malingana ndi Snap 2.01.02-85 ", zogawana zopanda malire ziyenera kukhala ndi malire a kukana kwa Moto osachepera 15 (Mwakuchita, izi zikutanthauza kuti ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zosaphatikizidwa komanso zopangidwa Zipangizo).
Mitengo yazanyumba imagawana nthawi zambiri yopangidwa ndi yopyapyala (pafupifupi 100mm) monolithic zokhazikika pamanelesi. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma concete pokonza nyumbayo kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta zosakwaniritsidwa (kufunikira kopanga mawonekedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito pompopompo, pompop.). Chifukwa chake, magawo amangidwa ndi njerwa, mabatani ang'onoang'ono - konkriti wa thonje (masikono agalasi) ndi Cerathete), kuphatikiza ndi ma glk. Zabwino ndi ziti? Palibe yankho lotsimikizika pafunso ili. Zida za zabwino zake komanso zovuta zawo.
Popanda phokoso lalikulu
Pafupifupi pafupipafupi komanso apamwamba, kumveka komveka kumadalira makamaka pa chotchinga. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zowoneka bwino zimatha kuzimitsa phokoso la mpweya, monga ubweya wa ubweya wa basalt. Ndi zovuta kuthana ndi phokoso lochepera kwambiri lomwe limatha kukhala "mobwerezabwereza" ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zitheke m'chipinda chotsatira. Nawa makoma othandiza kwambiri a njerwa, komanso magulu osinthana ndi zigawo zofewa komanso zotsimikizika, ndipo zotsalazo siziyenera kulumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake.
MUKUFUNA njerwa zambiri ...
Masiku a VNSI amagawana nawo atasiyidwa kale - mpikisano wa zinthu zina zimakhudza. Zomwe ali nazo zimakhalanso ndi ubwino wosawoneka bwino: zimakhala zolimba, zokhoza kusunga zolimbitsa thupi, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu (1M2 Masona oyenda mu Polkirpich akulemera 240-260kg) sizabwino, komanso pamagulu otsika. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi konkriti yotsimikizika yotsimikizika, zojambulajambula sizingatengeke mpaka oscillant oscillations.
Mukamalimbikitsa mkati, omanga nthawi zambiri amachitika mu cholembera cholumikizira (njira yotereyi imapereka zomatira bwino ndi pulasitala). Kuyang'ana mbali zonse ziwiri za pollocich kuli ndi phokoso la mpweya wa 45-47db. Khoma lowawa lokhala ndi makulidwe a 80-100mm (masommery pamphepete ndi bilateral podutsa) Chizindikiro ichi sichidutsa 40, ndipo mphamvu ndi yotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mothandizidwa ndi thandizo lake, mutha kudzipatula zipinda zothandizira zokha (zosungira, zovala. Koma pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zowongoka pafupipafupi komanso zopingasa kuchokera pa waya wachitsulo.
Kuchereza, nthawi zina Ubwino ungayatse zovuta. Chifukwa cha unyinji waukulu wa magawo njerwa, sangaikidwe m'nyumba zakale ndi zotupa zamiyala. Ngakhale m'makona azotsatira patatha zaka 10, katundu wovomerezeka pamtunda wa 1m2 sapitirira 500gg (ndikosavuta kuwerengera kuti gawo la polkirpich limatha mphamvu ya chitofu). Chifukwa chake, musanayambe kuyambitsa kuyambitsa, yesani kulowa m'bungwelongizo la polojekiti zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa nyumba yanu. Kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa yosemedwa kumakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa katundu pa Slab pafupifupi 2, komabe, akatswiri ambiri samvera bwino makoma omveka bwino kuchokera ku nkhaniyi.
Ngati mukukhulupirira opanga, mwakuthandizani kwambiri pankhani yamiyala yolimba ya ceramic ceramic ndi midadada ya 250x137x120 / 140 / 219mm. Syntom, chifukwa cha ma geometry enieni, ndizosavuta kuziyika. Kumbukirani kuti ndizovuta kukonza zinthu zolemera kumakoma okhala ndi voids. Zowona, ngati m'malo omwe akuyerekeza kuti kutsanulira kwa matope a sitate, mapangidwewo adzapirira ngakhale malo owoneka bwino kapena osakanikirana ndi matchire (mofanana ndi matchilidwe a Centrite).
Zoyipa za magawo njerwa ndizovuta kwambiri zomanga zawo ndi zokwera kwambiri pa luso la ambuye. Nthawi zina imayenderana bwino kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kusamatira scc, ndipo izi zimawonjezera kukula kwa gawo lawo ndi mtengo wake. Mitengo ya njerwa ndi zomangamanga zimasiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa Moscow zobwererera, 1 Pone M Brick Center 2,7m kutalika sikungawononge ndalama zosakwana 4800. Khoma lochokera ku malo opemphedwa opemphedwa adzawononga mtengo wokwera mtengo, ndipo kuchokera ku Ceramite-konkriti - wotsika mtengo pafupifupi 20%.
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8. Kupititsa patsogolo zinthu zowoneka bwino zamiyala yotsika kapena njerwa, mipata yake yamkati iyenera kudzazidwa ndi zinthu zofewa. Zowona, kulimba mtima kwa ntchito kumakwera kangapo.
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9. Mphete zofewa zamoto - zinthu zabwino komanso zotsika mtengo zotsika mtengo
Mtundu wa vaga
Njira ina yofunika ya njerwa yogwiritsira ntchito konkriti konkriti ndi Cerathete zonkriti, komanso pgg. Pamsika uliwonse womanga mudzapeza konkire yolumikizidwa 600x300x150 //20/100 / 75mm, unyinji wa nthawi 12 womwe umaposa mabatani. Mabatani amatha kudulana ndi hacksaw ndikuyika pamsewu wa simenti, ngakhale ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera, monga uber. Zogulitsa zomanga ("Saint-Goben-Goben Rus", Russia). Koma zindikirani kuti khoma liyenera kuthira mbali zonse ziwiri. Vitoga Udzakhala 15-20% njerwa yotsika mtengo. Kumbukirani kuti kutonthoza kwakukulu (kukoka mwachangu) katundu wa nsalu yakhungu ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamphamvu sikupitilira 20kg.Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri Kwambiri Kwambiri ndi Hollow Plp Wakuda 80mm Wakuda, wolumikizidwa pa Alabaster kapena Guluu, mwachitsanzo, "Gypsite" (Perfekha). Munagwiritsidwe ntchito yawo: zimakhala zolimba kuposa mabowo a chiwomba, pambali pake, ndi kugona, sikuyenera kupaka. Kuti musinthe ndikutseka seams, mumangofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chifukwa cha izi, mtengo wa kapangidwe kake nthawi zambiri supitilira zitsulo 3,000. Kwa 1 tsa. m.
Kukweza kuchokera ku zowombera za chiuno ndi pgp mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa RW ndi 4-6db ndi wotsika kuposa njerwa zofananira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika kwa PGP kumadziwika kuti kuthekera kwake kusamutsa phokoso lanyumba. Chifukwa chake, ngati mutalekanitsa kuchipinda chogona kapena ofesi, imakhala pa dzanja limodzi (bwino kuchokera ku gwero la phokoso) kuti mugwiritse ntchito makulidwe omveka. Mwakutero, iyi ndi chivundikiro chofala kuchokera ku Glc, komabe, chimango chake chimayikidwa bwino kwambiri, ndipo malo opanda kanthu amadzaza ndi phokoso lokongola, mwachitsanzo "ma bacts, denmark)," "(" Malo Omanga Saint-Goven Rus ") Idr. Zovuta kwambiri (RW osachepera 52db) ali ndi makoma awiri oyitanira: ikuyimira makoma awiri oyimitsa wina ndi mzake, omwe ali ndi zaka 10-40mm (chivomerezo choluka ).
Khomo limapita kuti?
Kukonzekera kukhazikitsa zitseko zotsekera kumachitika bwino kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, sikovuta kupanga khoma ndi niche momwe ma canvas angachokere, ndipo izi sizikufuna mtengo wowonjezera wowonjezera komanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pakugawidwa kwa gawo. Zinthu zomanga zimagwira ntchito wamba ndi zitsulo - zomwe mafelemu awiri odziyimira pawokha amatengedwa pamtunda wa 40-50mm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chindapusa (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chindapusa) Pambuyo pakusonkhanitsa chimango, njanji zowongolera ndi zojambula zokhazokha zimayikidwa, zili ndi odzigudubuza. Zimatsatira kapangidwe kake ndi ma pigsterboard pokhapokha masabata 1-2 - imayambitsa "kuyendetsa" ndikusintha ngati kuli koyenera, popeza kuti zozimitsa zosinthazi zimakhala zovuta.
Wopanga Memo
Magawo opangidwa ndi njerwa ndi mabatani ayenera kusokonekera osati pa slab yolunjika kapena tingiriza pansi, koma pansi (40-80 mm). "Maziko" amakupatsani mwayi wogawana ndi katundu wam'munsi, zimawonjezera luso lodzithandiza nokha ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chosweka mu womanga. Pansi pa maziko ndikupuma gulu la ruberboid. Izi ndizofunikira kwenikweni kwa konkriti popanda kuyanika, kupereka chinyezi chodutsa. Wosanjikiza wa nthambiyo amateteza phokoso laphokoso. Maziko abwino ogawanitsa kuchokera ku PGP idzakhala yaukadaulo waluso ndi makulidwe a 5mm. Chubu kapena zinthu zina zokutira nthawi zina zimapakidwa m'malo mwa zopitilira muyeso, koma omanga ambiri amaganiza izi kusamala.
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12. M'dera lokhazikika, pomwe mipando zochepa nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa cha Echo. Kuti apange njira yabwino kwambiri yacorouctic, njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka, kuwala komanso zopyapyala zazitali za ma g g glume imodzi yodzazidwa ndi michere inayake. Zojambula zomwezi zimatha kutumiza mawu omveka mbali yomwe mukufuna ndikuchepetsa nthawi yobwereketsa
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13-17. Kukhazikitsa kwa Pulaboard Pusterboard Gawo lodzala ndi ubweya kuchokera ku ubweya wa miyala "mabungwe acoustic": anasonkhanitsa chimango (13). Nthawi yomweyo, phula lidasankhidwa, kutengera kukula kwa phokoso lomwe limasankha. Mawonekedwe omalizidwa adadulidwa mbali imodzi ya HCL (14), ndiye kuti zomangirazo zidayikidwa pakati pa mbiri (15). Okwatirana ayenera kukhala olimba, popanda mipata kulowa m'maselo omwe adawafunsa (16). Gawoli lili pafupi kukonzeka (17) - limangokulitsa zolumikizana za mapepala, chitani malizani kumapeto ndikukhazikitsa chitseko
Makoma akuluakulu ndi mbale yakumpoto ya njerwa kapena block imakhazikika ndikugwiritsa ntchito zikhomo kapena mbale kuchokera pa sheet chitsulo chochepa 2mm, pafupi pakuyika misozi. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lokhazikika lokhazikika lisakhale loposa 500-600 mm, ndipo molunjika 1200 mm. Kutseguka kumadzaza ndi mabatani ambiri, okonzeka kapena kuponyedwa pamalo omangira ma concerite kotsimikizika kapena kugundana kwachitsulo (ngodya, kuyikika mu ndodo).
Kusiyana pakati pa zomangako zam'madzi ndi kuchuluka nthawi zambiri kumadzazidwa ndi chithovu chokwera. Komabe, nkhaniyi ili ndi zotupa zochepa, choncho pambuyo polymerization wa chithovu ndikofunika kulekanitsa mtsogolo mpaka mbali 20-30 mm mbali zonse ndikudzaza matope ndi matope a simenti.
Amatanthauza kuchokera pakuchepetsa
Magawo mu bafa ndi makhitchini ndi abwino kupanga njerwa zofiira kutalika kapena kuchokera ku ma hydrophobhobized pgps. Komabe, zida zina zimaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito (kupatula ma sccs osakhalapo), kuphatikiza konkriti konkrite ndi mabatani a konkire. Komabe, zomalizazo ziyenera kutetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zojambula zapadera zophatikizika, monga magnum ("stims"), Russia), Flacheticht (Stolticht) ( Onse - Germany), Osmofl Ex (Indey, Italy). Malinga ndi mafashoni tsopano, mukamamanga malo osambira nsomba, mabatani agalasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuphatikiza ndi zinthu zina. Njira yothetsera yotereyi imalola kuti zisangokongoletsa mkati, komanso kusintha kusungunuka kwa malowo, ngakhale kuti palibe chomwe chikukhudzanso mawu awo.Mtundu
Gawo logawika limatha kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu kwambiri kuposa kuchokera ku mabatani a thovu kapena kuchuluka kwa gypsum, ndipo imakhala katatu pang'ono. (Tikuwona kuti ndi zomangira zochokera ku Glc Hardontal ya nyumba yokhala ndi zotupa zofooka komanso zonyowa " . Njira inanso yofunika kwambiri ya khoma kuchokera kwa glc ndikuti m'malo mwake ndizosavuta kuyika kulumikizana (mu njerwa kapena chotchinga kapena chotchinga muyenera kuchita zigawo za izi). Mtengo wa gawo lapamwamba ndi wotsika kwambiri: Ngakhale mukamagwiritsa ntchito mawu awiri ndikudzaza michere yamchere, silingakhale zopitilira 4,000. Kwa 1 tsa. m.
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18. Kuyika kwa mabatani nthawi zambiri kumachitika pa matope a simenti kapena thonje. Ngati ndi kotheka, gwiritsani simenti yoyera, yomwe utoto umawonjezedwanso. Ma seams amadzazidwa ndi grout wokongola.
19. Opanga amapereka magombe a mitundu yambiri. Izi ndizokongoletsa komanso zotetezeka.
20. Mkati mwa makulidwe a phula lapamwamba pawiri pawiri - 110mm. Ngati kuli kofunikira kumeza zingwe zamagetsi, mapaipi kapena ma duct, mtunda pakati pa mafelemu ayenera kuchuluka
Komabe, sizophweka kupeza zizindikiro zokhuza zokhuza zolimba mukamakhazikitsa gawo laugaya. Chifukwa cha unyinji wocheperako komanso kutukwana kwambiri, umatumiza mosavuta pamitundu yonse. Tikuyenera kusonkha okha, koma mafelemu awiri osadalirana (ndikokwanira kusiya kutalika kwa 10mm pakati pawo). Mawilo omwe maluso ali oyandikana ndi makoma ndi maenje, muyenera kukhazikitsa ma gaskets a elastic (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa mphira wa rabar kapena aluso). Ma cell a chimango amadzazidwa ndi phokoso lotenga zinthu. Ndi makulidwe a 120-140mm, mndandanda wa RW wa kapangidwe ka mtundu uwu ndi pafupifupi 47db. Ngati sichoncho mbali imodzi ya chimango mbali zonse mbali zonse, ndi zigawo ziwiri za HCL, pali malo owonera mwa ratary, phindu la rw lichuluka ndi 4-5db.
Kugwedezeka kwa ritala
Palibe vutolo silingathe kuwonongedwa kwa magawo akale oyambira ma brigades osasinthika. "Ayamwi" oterewa amangokhala ndi wochita zojambula okha, chopukusira pang'ono ndi sledgehammer, ndipo nthawi zambiri chinthu chomaliza chimachitika ndendende. Kugwedezeka mwamphamvu komwe kumachitika ndi njira zokhumudwitsa izi ndi zomveka bwino pamapangidwe onse apafupi: kumachepetsa cholumikizira cha konkriti mothandizidwa, ma seams ogwiritsira ntchito amasokonekera, kulumikizana kumasokonekera. Izi sizingachitike ngati mungalumikizane ndi kampani yapadera pogwiritsa ntchito ma sacks amphamvu - mothandizidwa ndi ma currete, olimbikitsidwa mumadulidwa bwino m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Zowona, ziwonjezere makampani oterowo tsopano ali ndi ma ruble 6,000. kuwononga 1 mgawo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mungapatse mashelufu olemera pagawo la pulasitala, osawateteza kuti asamalire, koma kwa chimango. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi zojambulazo ndi chisonyezo cha mbiri yomwe imathandizira kapena ku bungwe lomanga, gwiritsani ntchito chizindikiro cholingana pakhomalo ndipo osatseka mukamaliza. Ngati katundu wowerengedwa umapitilira 25kg, chimango chidzafunika kukulitsa ndi ma jumb owonjezera, ndipo mwina ngakhale m'malo mwamiyendo ndi chitsulo cha 2-3mm.