Kugwiritsa ntchito kupanikizana kwa magalimoto pamapeto pake kwa nyumbayo ndi nyumbayo sikunadabwe. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito pomanga nyumba yadziko ndiing'ono. Kodi kusokonekera kosinthika kwa zochitika zaku Russia ndikugwiritsa ntchito?
Kugwiritsa ntchito kupanikizana kwa magalimoto pamapeto pake kwa nyumbayo ndi nyumbayo sikunadabwe. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito pomanga nyumba yadziko ndiing'ono. Kodi kusokonekera kosinthika kwa zochitika zaku Russia ndikugwiritsa ntchito?
Posachedwa, mtundu wina wopukutira uja unawonekera pamsika wapabanja - pulagi, molongosoka ndendende, Cork Agglomerate. Zili kwa iye, komanso nyumba yomanga dzikolo ndi dera la 105m2, lomwe limatulutsidwa ndi Cork Abglomerate, nkhani inanso inayake idzakwaniritsidwa. Asodno, tiyesetsa kudziwa kuti ndizokwera bwanji pantchito yogwiritsa ntchito olamulira.
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Maziko a nyumbayo ndi riboni yaying'ono yobereka. Pazida zake, oyang'anira ndi kuya kwa 80cm, adapanga pilo lamchenga ndi makulidwe 20cm. Kenako, m'matanthwe, mawonekedwe a matabwa adayikidwa, ma board omwe adakutidwa ndi khwangwala (1) kotero konkritiyo sanamatisunge. Pulogalamuyi idayikidwanso yolimbikitsira (2), ndi m'malo amenewo pomwe matepi ayenera kupanga, magawo a mapaipi a Chithunzi. Kenako nthiti zam'madzi zidaponyedwa kuchokera ku ma chredrete a m300 (3).
Projectrojection
Chidwi ndi chidwi chatsopano, eni mtsogolo adaganiza zoigwiritsa ntchito pomanga nyumba yadziko lonse. Yuda, zojambula za nyumbayo adadzigonera okha, kutengera izi, osati zongochokera ku banja lawo, komanso kuyambira kuchuluka kwa abwenzi ndi abale.
Malinga ndi zojambulajambula izi, akatswiri opanga ntchito yokonzanso. Idakumbukiridwanso zofuna za eni pazopanga zopanga za chimango ndi kuwotcha kwake, komanso mawonekedwe a maluso omangira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chimanga sichinali 70CM, mwachizolowezi mwachizolowezi, ndi 50 cm, omwe ndi ofanana ndi tinthu tambiri tomwe timakhala. Chifukwa chiyani izi zidasankhidwa?
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Kuwala kwapansi kunapangidwa ndi bar ndi gawo la mtanda wa 150x150 mm. Zolemba zake zidachitika kuchokera ku bar ya 150x100 mm (4), kuwacheza kutalika kwake pamaziko a ma nthiti (5). Magawo onse opangira matabwa adakonzedwa ndi antiseptic.
Mphamvu yamphamvu yamtsogolo yopangidwa kuchokera ku bar ya 150x150 mm (6). Kugwedeza kwa Rack kudalumikizidwa ndi misomali ndi zitsulo zamphamvu zophukira (7).
Zachilengedwe
Cork - nkhani yamasamba yokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Amapangidwa ndi maselo ambiri a Microfer (1cm3 Cork ali ndi maselo 30 mpaka 40 miliyoni), iliyonse yomwe ili ndi gawo la anthu 14 lokhala ndi malo otsekedwa amkati. Makoma a cell amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Makulidwe amenewo ndi omwe ali pafupifupi: Zimasinthanitsa ndi chibadwa chambiri (suberin) ndi sera yomwe imapatsa pulagi yapadera. Pakatikati mwa maselo amadzazidwa ndi mpweya, wofanana kwambiri pakupanga mlengalenga, koma wopanda co2.
Kapangidwe kotere kumapangitsa pulagi yokhala ndi othandizira kutentha. Idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu wake kuchokera nthawi zakale - mbale za pulagi yeniyeni idakutidwa ndi makhoma ndi denga, ndikulumbira kamodzi, ndipo ntchitoyo inali yovuta kwambiri. Pambuyo poyambitsa cork abglomerarate mu 1892. Zinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito pulagi ngati kutentha kwamitengo.
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Kuti ikhale yosavuta kumanga owonjezerapo, kutsiriza kwathunthu maziko. Pakati pa ma lagi ake (8), mapulagi a magalimoto ozungulira pamsewu (9) adayikidwa, kuwateteza kuchokera pansi pa brator, ndipo pamwamba - nthunzi (10) ndi bolodi.
Ma agglomerates
Pali mitundu iwiri ya cork agglomerates: yoyera (nthawi zambiri imatchedwa yakuda) ndikupanga (monga lamulo, amatchedwa White). Ma agglomerates akuda amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutentha kwamitundu, yoyera - kwambiri ngati zinthu zomaliza. Black Agglomerate imakhala ndi ma granules a Cork omwe amaphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi subperrin popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi zina. Imapezeka pochizira ma granules a Cork mu Autoclave ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amawonjezera koyamba (wokulitsidwa), pomwe nkhumba imachita, pomwe mabwalo am'mitengo, kenako kutentha kwambiri, kusinthika kwa zinthu zosasunthika za pulagi kumachitika. Mwa njira, wakuda oterowo amatchedwa chifukwa ulusi wa mitengo ya nkhumba, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala mu crumb, nthawi ya kutentha kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zomaliza. Kuchulukitsa kwake kumakhala kochepa chabe. Koma ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino omanga - izi ndi mbale (mbale) ndi kukula kwa 1x0.5m ndi makulidwe a 10/20/25m.Makhalidwe a Abglomerate
Kuchulukitsa kwa zinthu zomwe zapezeka zitha kukhala zosiyana: zimakhazikika kutengera cholinga cha zinthuzo ndipo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawenga za ma coltules njira. Chifukwa chake, wojambula wakuda agglomerate wokhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 95kg / m3 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza ma acoustics a chipindacho, makilogalamu 95-130 makilogalamu (m3) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kachulukidwe a zoposa 130kg / m3 makamaka popanga ma gaskets (kugwedezeka kwa magesi). Mitundu yonse itatu ya Black Abglomerate ili ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri: Amatha kutsika ndi zomwe zinachitika pa katunduyo ndipo, ngati kukula kwa chomaliza sikunapitirire povomerezeka, pambuyo pake, tengani mawonekedwe otsala.
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Mukamapanga chimango chachiwiri (11), mipiringidzo ya mipiringidzo idalumikizidwa ndi ma racks ku Poledev (12). Adayala zowotcherako, pomwe miyala ya khoma idalumikizidwa. Makona amalimbikitsidwa ndikukongoletsa utoto.
150.0500m, yopangidwa kuchokera ku bolodi, 150x50mm, kapangidwe kake kamene kanamenyedwa ndi kabati yodula kabati, kusiya mipata ya 100mm (13). Pamwamba pa iyo ikani chinyezi cha nthunzi-zotsekemera ndikukakamiza chinyezi chachiwiri kuchokera ku boadi la 120x25mm, mkati mwa mipata ya kabati yoyamba. Chifukwa chake, wokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri za ma board, pansi padenga lamphamvu chinapangidwa, pomwe ma tani achitsulo (14) adayikidwa.
Kukula kwa ntchito
Kutentha kotentha kumakhala ndi magwiridwe angapo. Oyamba - Kusaka kunja. Mapulogalamu a mankhwalawa agglomerate amaikidwa pampando (makamaka kuti agwirizane) khoma. Nthawi yomweyo, khoma limodzi ndi mbali imodzi ya cork agglomerate imalembedwa ndi kapangidwe kake, kenako mbalezo zimaphatikizidwa ndi khoma (kuti zitheke kwa wina ndi mnzake kuti zitheke, gwiritsani ntchito nyundo yamtengo) . Pambuyo pa maola 24 mwachindunji pa cork abglomerate, mafatala omaliza amagwiritsidwa ntchito - pulasitala, kenako utoto wakutsogolo.
Gawo lachiwiri. Popeza mbalame yakuda ya Blacklomete ndi nkhani yomwe imayamwa madzi ochepa kwambiri, komanso amathanso kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu popanda kuwonongeka, imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino padenga lathyathyathya, kuphatikizapo iwo omwe amagwira ntchito. Pankhaniyi, mbale zimangomangidwa pansi (njira yogwirizira zomwe zikufotokozedwa kale ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa kale), kenako yophika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo.
Gawo lachitatu - Kutulutsa chimango, kuyika.p. Mapangidwe, komanso mtengo wokulirapo ndi njira yaulere. Njira zogwirizira mbale za cork ndizofanana ndi maluso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika mbale za ubweya wamchere.
Kuphatikiza apo, matenthedwe okonda kuphatikizira Cork agglomerate atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu owonjezera - ophatikizidwa, amakhala chopinga chachikulu pamsewu wopitilira 2.1 KHz - 0,85, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pafupifupi zisungunuke kwathunthu chipinda chofuula mokweza, monga kulira, agalu oboola, phokoso la TV, Spire.). (Kuti mumve zambiri za zomwe zingapangire mitengo ya pulagi ndi zida zopangidwa ndi izi, onani "IVD", Novy 8 kapena Webusayiti IVD.
Tsopano, atamvetsetsa ndi katundu wa mapulagi ndi ma agglomerates opangidwa kuchokera pamenepo, timatembenukira kukamanga nyumba ndi kutanthauzira mothandizidwa ndi zinthuzi. Njirayi imawonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane pazithunzi, ndipo zambiri zimafotokozedwa m'mayina awo. Chidwi, zowonjezera zokhazo zomwe zatsala.
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Makoma a nyumbayo kunja kwa nyanjayi adakutidwa ndi chimphepo chamkuntho ndikuyala nyumba yotchinga (15, 17). M'makona, nyumba ya block idaganiza kuti musadzuke pansi pa 45, koma kuti mulumikizane ndi ugr (16), zomwe sizivuta. Izi zolumikizira zidzaphimbidwa ndi zokongoletsera
Maziko a nyumbayo
Popeza eni akewo, akuyang'ana pa zochitika zakomweko ndi zomwe zachitikazo, zomwe zidasiya chipangizo chapansi, maziko a nyumbayo adasankhidwa kuti abereke. Imamizidwa mu nthaka mkati mwa 60cm ndi zochulukirapo nsanja zapamwamba. Pambuyo pake, pa kutsogolo kwa maziko kuchokera ku konkreti Magni m300, ovekedwa modekha adapangidwa, omwe adaloledwa kukankhira mzere wa dothi kuyambira pa maziko. Kuti muchite izi, asanagone konkire, wosanjikiza wosanjikiza madzi adayikidwa pa pilo lamchenga wosanjidwa, pamenepo - mbale ya cor baglomete, ndi pamwamba pawo - gridi yolimbikitsidwa. Zochitikazo zidapangidwa mokwanira - 1m. Zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kuyenda momasuka kunyumba ngakhale ndi katundu. Kwa ukadaulo wofanana, nsanja ya ma simenti ya magalimoto awiri adapangidwa ndi kuikidwa.
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Mphamvu ya Cork Slabb idapangitsa kusiya chilengedwe cha malo opangira: Mapulogalamu a m'mphepete amatengera malo opangira zovala zophatikizika ndi ma lagi (20, 21). Kuchokera pamwamba pa iwo akukutidwa ndi chotchinga cha Vapor ndi bolodi pansi (22).
Mphamvu yamagetsi
Eni ake ankakonda kupanga mphamvu ya nyumba ya bar yokhala ndi mtanda wa 150x150mm - kapangidwe kotere, adapeza zamphamvu kwambiri, motero, modalirika. Zoyimira mu kapangidwe kake zili ndi kuwerengera (gawo lalikulu ndi 1.5 m) kuti mawindowo atha kukhazikitsidwa pakati pawo, ndikukhazikitsa "zowonjezera" kuchokera ku gawo la "niche" ndi 50 cm kutalika kwa 50 cm Ikani chikho cha chikho.Zotsalira za maziko ndi pansi pamunsi zopangidwa ndi mtanda wa 150x100mm, omwe amakhala nawo 50cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake (kukumbukira: Plate m'lifupi - 50cm). Zotsatira za kapangidwe ka mapangidwewo zidapezeka pafupifupi nthawi yayitali - ndikuthandizira kwawo kukakhala kovuta kugwetsa ma spans mpaka 5m, pomwe mulifupi kwenikweni kwa mabens enieni anali 3.85m. Amakondwera ndi mwini mphamvu wa mphamvu za eni mtsogolo, akunena kuti: "Pita pansi, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti pansi pa miyendo ya wonolitic."
Cork Thermal Kusunga
Nyama yanthete
Omanga omanga, omwe adayamba kuwononga magalimoto pamsewu, anati: "Ndiosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi mpeni. Koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kusokonekera. Koma ndi machitidwe awa Izi zimapereka zabwino kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mukamagona pakati pa zipinda za m'chipindacho (ndikofunikira kuchita izi chifukwa cha mvula), m'magawo atatu (makulidwe - 150mm) kuti ziwonekere. Kugwira ntchito ndi chipilala chowoneka ngati izi.
Ikani wosanjikiza woyamba, yemwe amagwira ntchito amathandizira kufikitsa pansi, ndipo chachiwiri chimabweretsa ndikuyika mbale za zigawo ziwiri zotsatizana. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti asunge zigawo zonse zitatu pomwe chotchinga chimakhazikika, kenako chimagwera pansi pakati pa ziweto za njoka kapena kuyang'ana njanji kwakanthawi. Izi zikuchitika pakakhala chibzake ndi chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi chilichonse: chimayika mbale yotsatira ndikukonza misomali iwiri. "
Ndikofunika kuwonjezera mawu ochepa onena za kukula kwa cork abglomet opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe. Holly torlap, makoma ndi denga la chipinda chachiwiri chimayikidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa 150mm. Kukula kwa zigawenga ndi magawo amkati, makulidwe ake anali okha 100mmmm. Izi ndizokwanira, chifukwa pankhani imeneyi wovuta kwambiri, sakutanthauza zambiri, kuchuluka kwa mawuwo. Zolumikizana pakati pa iwo eni ndi chimango cha chimango sichinagwiritsidwenso ntchito - mbale zimangokakamizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso ndi zinthu za kapangidwe kake.
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Pansi pa nyumbayo m'magawo awiri, Cork yokutidwa iyocorf (23) idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Trim yamatabwa ya makoma akunja idatetezedwa ndi filimu ya polyethylene (24).
Pakati pa zingwe ndi zomangira mkati mwa nyumbayo zidayikidwa m'magawo atatu a CAK a Cork Agglomete (25). Adakutidwa ndi chotchinga cha Vapor, kenako - kutsanzira nthawi ya timiyala yopondera (26).
Cork pomaliza
Kuti mulimbitse zotsatira za kusazidza komveka komwe kopangidwa ndi Cork Agglomerate wokutidwa, eni nyumbayo adaganiza zophimba pansi ndi nkhaniyi. Kukhala osagwirizana ndi pansi pa nthaka yopukutira mothandizidwa ndi Eleclathoka, ndiye pansi zonse zidakutidwa ndi mabatani 8mm, ndikuwayika pansi (nthawi yomweyo adawona zomangira za Zomangira sizinawuke pamwamba pa plywood ndipo sizinachitike mwa iwo). Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera pamadzi, otayika pamwamba pa Puff Pliers Pork (Corkart, Portugal) makulidwe a 6mm (kukula - 600x300mm). Kusintha machitidwe (kuvala kukana, mphamvu kuti mukambe, kukhudzidwa kwamankhwala kwa it.p.) ndikuwongolera matayala apadera a WS 2K, Germany).
Gwiritsani ntchito pulagi ndipo kumapeto kwa nyumbayo, molondola, maziko ake. Kuti achite izi, adagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera za nkhumba zokongoletsera za Iroocrar ("madera aku Russia", Russia). Mukuchokera, ndi chisakanizo cha granules granules, mabatani a acrylic ndi mafuta masamba. Zopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a ufa wowuma, wothiridwa mu zidebe za pulasitiki (12kg / 22l). Musanagwiritse ntchito, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera madzi ndi utoto (umatulutsa wopanga womwewo) ndikusakaniza bwino.
Zinthuzo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira yopukusira mpweya pokakamiza 5 ATM yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito compressor ndi mfuti yopanga zojambulajambula. Choyambira choyambirira chidachepa (makamaka chimapereka zotsatsa ndi konkriti), wachiwiri ndi wokulirapo (uwu ndi wosanjikiza). Zotsatira zake, makulidwe ophimba kwambiri anali 2.5-3mm.
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Maliza amkati mwa nyumba ya spartanski ndi yosavuta: makhomawo adakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsera odzikongoletsera. Pa bolodi ya pansi, phaneli 12mm 12mm adayikidwa ndi ma slab a chivundikiro cha Skhonk (Corkkart) adazizwa, Bay of varnish yawo yapadera (27, 28). Tenthetsani uvuni uvuni (malekezero ake akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwake amatuluka m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana) ndikuyika pansi pa macheza amagetsi a Windows.
Chifukwa cha mazenera ambiri ndi nkhosa zamtanda zopendekera mnyumbayo. Mapaipi a kupezeka kwa madzi (madzi amaperekedwa kuchokera pachitsime) ndi zitseko (makolawo amalowa mu thanki ya konkriti) yaikidwa munjira yotseguka (30).
Ecology ndi Economics
Mosiyana ndi Europe, komwe kufuna kuyika zomanga kudera kokha zachilengedwe zakhala zopatsa chidwi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masamba omwe amapangidwa kale ndi eco amawerengedwa ndi anthu zikwizikwi, m'dziko lathu, owongolera Eco sagwiritsa ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Cholinga chake ndi chosavuta - opanga ambiri amakhulupirira kuti apanga kumanga kwambiri zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Koma kodi ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri?
Tidapempha funsoli kuti ayankhe mwini wake wa nyumbayo, pomwe wawuzidwa m'nkhaniyi. Izi ndi zomwe ananena: "Ngati tikufanizira mitengo ya cork aglomarate (ma ruble zikwi ziwiri pa 1M3) ndi a Trixt (1800-7000Rub. Koma ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti gawo za kutchingira mu mtengo wonse wa chiwonetsero. Nyumba ndi 5-15 kokha. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamuwo zidapangitsa kusiya chipangizo chazokonzekera (ndipo izi ndi mabodi a 3-4m3), opangidwa nthawi yochepa -kusintha kwa nyumbayo. Ine, inde, osati wowerengera ndalama, koma ine ndinayesera kuti ndiwerenge, ndipo zinachitika, kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wonsewo kuli pafupifupi 8-10%. "
Kufotokozera kwa pansi loyamba
2. Khomo la 11m2.
3. tiyi 6,4M2
4. Chipinda chachitatu 17M2
5. bafa 3,2M2
6. chipinda 8.9m2
7. Khitchi 7.9M2
Kufotokozera kwa chipinda chachiwiri
2. Chipinda Chake + 18,2M2
3.Kodi nyumba
4. bafa 3.2m2
5. Chipinda cha 8.2M2
6. Kugona 9,3M2
Monga tikuwona, kuyamikira koyambitsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto pamsewu m'malo mwa kusokonezeka kwina kodziwika, kunachitika kuti sikuli kovuta. Kuthekera kapena kucheperachepera aliyense amene akufuna kumanga ecladach, amathetsa yekha.
Bungwe la Etherhilial Cempate kampani "Center Center" kuti ithandizire kukonza nkhaniyo.