Kusankha miyala ya dontceite kwa mkati kapena kunja kuwunikira, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti malinga ndi luso lake laukadaulo, izi ndizosiyana ndi matanthwe odziwika bwino. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chambiri, zotsatsa zapadera zomata zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri ndi maziko.
Kusankha miyala ya dontceite kwa mkati kapena kunja kuwunikira, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti malinga ndi luso lake laukadaulo, izi ndizosiyana ndi matanthwe odziwika bwino. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chambiri, zotsatsa zapadera zomata zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri ndi maziko.
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Kanikizani ndi kuwombera
Matowere miyalaya, komanso matanthwe, opangidwa kuchokera ku dongo losakanikirana la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma maphikidwe amasiyanasiyana. Kupanga kwa phula la dongoya, kusakaniza kowuma kumayikidwa mwa mawonekedwe ndikupindika pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwambiri (50 MPA). Mwachilengedwe, zitachitika izi, palibe ma microcracks, ma pore ndi opanda pake, omwe ndiabwino kwambiri mu "thupi" la matailosi. Kukonzekera kwautowo kumawotchedwa pa kutentha kwa 1200-1300 s, ndipo zigawo zonse zimakuvutani, kutembenuka pafupifupi Monolith. Zotsatira zake ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri ndi mayamwidwe amadzi, pafupi ndi zero (0.05-0.5%), ndizochepera mwala wachilengedwe. Imatsitsidwa ndi mataikulu chisonyezo ichi ndi 3-20%.
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Wosambidwa ndi Dowcewer Milmivewards amalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito stamssing wamba m'nyumba zokha. Palibe kutentha kwakukulu komwe kungapangitse kupsinjika kwamphamvu pansi chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha kwa geometric kumatha kutopa, makamaka mtundu waukulu (a).
Soho Pordewal Milmeware (peronda) ndi matailosi ovomerezeka oyezera 44x44cm (mtengo 1m2- 2100Ruble mzipinda zamtundu uliwonse (b, b). Zinthu zakumbuyo zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi zokongoletsera: Kusiyanitsa malire 44x11cm, ma ruble a geobletric.), Komanso Panel 88x8880. - 3540 Cm) ndi 44x8 cm.
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Chifukwa cha mayamwidwe amadzi ochepa, phula limakhala likugwirizana kwambiri, kapena kusagwira madontho. Sizinali mwangozi kotero kuti kukumana kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha muzomwezo, komanso pa malo otseguka, makonde, malo okhala ndi nyumba, ngakhale nyengo yamtundu waku Russia. Izi sizinganenedwe za matailosi a ceramic: zomwe zimaphatikizidwa kwambiri zimapangidwira mkati, ndipo mitundu yokhayo imatha kuyikidwa pamsewu.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Mukamatakata mabulosi, makhome, otenthetsedwa, makhadi otenthetsera, malo ena otentha omwe amadutsa kutentha, tikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zomata, monga "Knif-Frex". Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu yayikulu yotsatsa ndi maziko, amakhala ndi katundu wogwirizira matayala m'mizere yake yomwe imachitika panthawi yotentha ndi kuzizira. Nyimbo zomatira pang'onopang'ono zidzasanduka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kusakhazikika - kudzaza chinyezi, kuchepetsa chitsamba cha zokutira kwa matayala, motero nthawi yayitali. Alastic imatha kusintha pang'ono ndikubwerera kumalo ake oyambirirawo, pomwe akusunga malo ndikuwonetsetsa zokhwima zodalirika zamiyala yosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo osataya madzi). Zikutanthauza kuti kuyang'anizana ndi mavuto zimapirira kusintha kutentha ndikukweza katundu wamphamvu mkati ndi kunja kwa chipindacho.Irina trifonova,
Woyang'anira malonda a simenti osakaniza a siaf
Maulamuliro a Douly Spolware ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi katundu wambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuvala kolimba. Mwa njira, sizikuyesedwa panthaka sikuti ndi ceramic, koma ngati mwala wachilengedwe, malinga ndi michere ya mineralogical of the miniti yam'madzi, zoyeserera zimakulungidwa). Maulamuliro a Cerather ndi 5-8. Kutengera mtundu wa pamwamba. Pa maziko awa, zinthuzo zimagawidwa kukhala osasangalala komanso owoneka bwino. Zothandiza kwambiri komanso zokhazikika (mayunitsi 8) ndi matope oundatu owuma ndi mawonekedwe ofanana mu makulidwe. Ma tayi oterewa amalimbana ndi atsogoleri akulu - mchenga (umakhala ndi msipu wothira, kuwuka komwe pamlingo wa moos ndi mayunitsi 7 ndi kuvala sikusintha mawonekedwe. Kulimba kocheperako kwapuwala komanso kuwotcha matope phula. Woyamba atatha kuwombera amapukutidwa, kupeza luso losiyanasiyana. Musanawombere chachiwiri, glaze yotsekedwa imayikidwa pamalo ake.
Kungotsatira mosamalitsa ndi malingaliro a wopanga zopanga zosakanikirana kwa matope a phungu, kusankha zida ndi njira yokhazikika, mudzalandira zowoneka bwino.
Maulamuliro a Dowtely amalephera kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwala - okhazikika, ma acid a alkali. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kusamba, khitchini ndi magawa. Minus yodziwikiratu ya phula la phula ndi kufooka. Koma kuchepa kumeneku sikungayambitse mavuto ngati mumatha kusamala ndi zomwe zimayenda ndikugona.
Mzere wofanana wa mataumba ndi wokulirapo: umayamba ndi bwalo losaya (2cm) ndikutha ndi zinthu zazikulu (180. 120cm). Makulidwe a matailosi ndi 4-30 mm. Poppers - anthu wamba amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe akufuna kwambiri ndi makulidwe a 4 mpaka 14mm: Izi ndizokwanira kuthana ndi nyumba zapakhomo. Mafuta oopsa a phungu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakoma a makoma, kuyambiranso 8mm ndi zina zambiri) - pansi. Zisanu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito lolemba (I.E. DZIKO LAPANSI. Mphezi zake zimadulidwa ndi chida cha dayamondi, chomwe chimapereka utumwi wotchuka. Tikaika zinthu ngati izi, kusunthika pakati pawo sikuwoneka, motero chithunzi cha homogeneous chimatuluka.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Kuti mupeze zolaula zapamwamba komanso zolimba, ndikofunikira kupirira kukula kwa zomatira zolimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga. Makhalidwe a Tweectic a guluu lirilonse pali tebulo ndi izi. Kukula koyenera kwamasiku ano, monga lamulo, sikupitilira 5mm. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito guluu wotsatsa, lipereka manyazi, ma void amapangidwa pansi pa mataota, ndipo chifukwa cha chotulukapo, zofooka zosiyanasiyana zimawonekera. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku Delta matailosi ambiri azikhala ndi ulemu kwa ndege yonse ya pansi. Malire a zoyipa za mpweya amatha kusokoneza pansi pa kuwonekera kwa malo. Kudzera momwe padzakhala kulekanitsidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa matailosi kuchokera kuzosanjikiza kapena matayala limodzi ndi guluu - kuchokera pansi. Sipadzakhala mavuto ngati amenewa ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito guluu ndi spatula owotchera. Chifukwa cha mabokosi ofanana, kapangidwe kawo kamagawidwa pansi mokwanira, ndipo ma groovo ali ndi makulidwe (kawiri kochepera kuposa kutalika kwa mano).
Valery gemadiev, aukadaulo wa litokol.
Chifukwa chake, tinalemba zofunikira za phula la dongo, chifukwa chomwe wotchuka amapitilirabe kulimba. Titha kunena kuti nkhaniyi ndi maluso aukadaulo, omwe alibe zoletsa pa ntchito. Ngati amayikidwa chimodzimodzi monga matanthwe anthawizonse, amakhala nthawi zochepa. Komabe, pofuna kuyika mwaluso miyala ya dongoli, muyenera kudziwa zina zake.
Mfundo zosavuta
Kusiyana konse pakukhazikitsa kwa phula la phula ndi matayala a ceramic kumafotokozedwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za zinthuzi. Mwachitsanzo, matanga a cerac okhala ndi mayamwidwe ambiri a madzi (mpaka 20%) nthawi zambiri amaikidwa panu pa simenti-Sandy. Zimalowa pang'onopang'ono pores kumbuyo kwa matailosi, ndipo nkhope imasungidwa chifukwa cha makina opumira. Mwa njira, ambuye akalewa amasungabe chizolowezi chopondapo matanda asanagone. Chowonadi ndichakuti zinthu zomwe zili ndi zokongoletsera zotseguka mwachangu zimatenga chinyezi, ndipo chifukwa cha madzi owonjezerawa amawonjezera "nthawi yotseguka" ya osakaniza pomwe malo a matailosiwo atha kuwongoleredwa. Mukayika matayala "owuma" pa njira yosavuta kwambiri, siyopitilira mphindi 10, komanso chifukwa cha "chonyowa" - nthawi yake imakhala yoposa 2 nthawi.
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Guluu wa Dowdewarel Milweware limagawidwa pamwamba ndi statula yopenyerera. Mano ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndipo kukula kwawo kumagogoda kutengera mtundu wa matailosi: mpaka 10 cm - 4mm, mpaka 15 cm - 6mm.
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi zomata zamakono, zolondola zotere sizoyenera, chifukwa opanga akufuna kubzala zosakaniza zouma mu madzi osakhalitsa. Chinyezi chowonjezera cha ma tambala chowonjezera chakuti "chonyowa" chimaphwanya chiwerengerochi, chomwe chidzatsogolera kutsika kwamphamvu kwa atsate ndi maziko omwe ali pansipa.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Pogula zosakaniza zomatira pogona phula pansi, tcherani khutu kwa wopanga omwe amatchulidwa ndi wopanga mphamvu ya clutch ndi maziko omwe amapereka mawonekedwe apadera. Matayala ovuta, gawo lalikulu kwambiri lotsatira liyenera kukhala. Mwachitsanzo, kwa Playware Playware olemera 450 g / 100cm, timalimbikitsa kusankha "Starplips T-11" Mpaka (600 gP), mpaka 800 g / 100 masentimita - "Ngululi yankhondo T-14" (1 MPA). Kwa matailosi ambiri, zomatira ndi mphamvu zazikulu ndi zotsatsa ziyeneranso kugulidwa. Kupatula apo, munthu akangofika m'mphepete mwa tile, pomwe pali gulu lopanda kalulu wosanjikiza, lomwe limapangidwa nthawi yomweyo "kugwira ntchito". Chomwe chiri chiwembu chowonjezereka chosakhazikika, chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimafuna kugwetsa matayala kuchokera pansi.
Vladimir thukuta,
Testictory Injiniya Td StroyTazh ms
Ili ndi yandiweyani kwambiri, osakhala onyowa ndipo osadziyamwa chinyezi sichimamveka. (Mofananamo, sizikuyembekezereka kuti wina adzabwera kumutu kuti akapatse matayala agalasi ndikuwayika pa siteji ya simenti.) Koma apilo chotere. Kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe motere. Zosakaniza za KKLEV za phula la phula la phula lazipereka zofunikira kwambiri kuposa zomatira zomata matailosi. Izi ziyenera kukhala kapangidwe ka mtundu wa mtunduwo, ndikupanga filimu yomatira, yomwe imagwira ntchito yomatira ndi chosanjikiza mumitengo. Ndikofunikira kuti mphamvu zatsambidwe ndi maziko a zopindulitsa izi zinali zosachepera 0,5 MPA ya kugona mkati ndi 1 MPA - zakunja. Chokulirapo ndi mawonekedwe a matailosi, okwera kwambiri ayenera kukhala ndi guluu. Milandu yovutayi (ikayika miyala yamtengo wapatali ya porcelate, yakunja kapena kukhazikitsa kwa matailosi opanga) opanga mphamvu zomwe zimapangika ndi 1-1.5 MPA. Opanga amalandila zizindikirozi poyambitsa ma polima apadera azichedwe, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo wawo. Mu msika wapabanja umatha kupeza zomatira zambiri zotsatsa zoti mugoneke ndi miyala ya dongo. Amamasulidwa ndi kampaniyo "Indims", "K Kreauf", "Chizindikiro cha Gobn - VURTONE)," TD. - Russia), index, Mapei (onse - Italy), Henkel (Scremal Cereret, Germany).
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koma. Guluu sakaniza: chifukwa chophatikizidwa bwino mosavuta - Fliesen Plus (25kg - 250 Pruf.), Elastic - Flex (25kg - 530 puru.)
b. Zosakaniza: Zapamwamba kwambiri - "Matenda a Matlex T-12" (25kg - 275), za Herviles T-14 "(25kg - 28kg)
IN. Zosakaniza: linof loor k66 (25kg - 450 chipatso.)
Zosakaniza: Webeto.vetonit Kukonza (25kg - 290 Puble.), Webeto.veponit Prof I Pulogalamu (25KG - 350.)
Zofunikira komanso zokwanira
Nthawi yonseyi yotupa ya porcelat imatengera osati kokha ndi osakaniza owululidwa, komanso momwe maziko adakonzedwa molondola. Ndikofunikira kusintha, ngakhale kuti si akatswiri a akatswiri amangokhulupirira ndipo amayesa kusamvana pang'ono ndi guluu. Komabe, ikuyenda pansi ndi nyimbo zamakono - zosakhala zolakwika, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera mtengo kuposa njira wamba.
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Mukamaika miyala ya porceweure mumsewu pakati pa matailosi, ndikofunikira kusiya 3-7mm Gap kuti iphonyere kutentha kwa kutentha.
Mazikowo amayenera kutsatira zofunikira za Step 3.04.01-87 ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira. Pansi pa chingwecho chizikhala chosalala momwe chingathere, ndi kulekerera kwa 2mm kumapeto kwa njanji ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mundege iyi. Pamwamba kwambiri kuyenera kuchotsedwa chifukwa fumbi limalepheretsa chitsamba, ngati ufa, omwe amapangira matebulo kuti awonetsetse kuti mtanda sumamatira mukasakanikirana. Pomaliza, maziko akuyenera kukhala chinyezi, ofunikira kuti asangalale bwino, sanachisiye mwachangu.
Poika matope a dorcewe pa zovuta (kuyika pa ntchito) maziko - Plasterboard, nkhuni, mitengo ndi chipbodi. - zomata zanyumba zokha, zomwe zimakhala ndi zomatira kwambiri ndi malo (osachepera 1 MPA), mwachitsanzo, Weber.vesolut.abs ("Speamplits (Henkel) T-16 "(" TD Stymonttaz MS "), kapena zinthu ziwiri zokhudzana ndi epoxy kapena pourerethane. Mukamalumikiza zinthu (nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito), amalowetsa mankhwala. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe ake omalizira amapeza katundu wapadera: tinene, kutalika kwambiri kuposa kutsanzira kwa simenti yachilendo, kuphatikizapo kupukutira ndi pulasitiki, chitsulo, konkriti. Titha kunena kuti izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kukongoletsa kwawo kokha ndi mtengo wokwera.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Maulamuliro a Doutel Milwere ali ndi kukana kwa Abrasion. Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa masitepe, malo ndi mikondo. Cholinga chachikulu pansi pamalo oyang'anitsitsa, champhamvu chizikhala chotsatira gulu lonse la matabwa okhala ndi maziko ndi miyala ya dongoya. Mwachitsanzo, kuti zotsekemera pansi pa khonde lotseguka, nyumbayo ndi zomatira zomata, zomwe zimapereka guluu lotseguka, lomwe limapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri - 0.6 MPA. Mukakumana ndi masitepe akunja, nsanja ndi zolimba, kukonzanso kwamphamvu kumafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito Weber.vetonit Prof I kuphatikiza 1 MPA. Mukamasankha guluu wa matabwa akunja, masitepe, pakhoti, ndikofunikira kuganizira za chisanu kukana kuphatikizika kwa matayala. Tile zomata za uber.vetonit ndi wa F75 Brand Brand mu chisanu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'mikhalidwe yobwerezabwereza.Evgenia ivlya, manejala wothandizira
"Malo Omanga Saint-Goben Rus"
Kulumikizana kwathunthu
Pa malangizo opanga opanga opanga zomata, kwalembedwa kuti: "Ndi kusankha koyenera kwa kusakaniza kwa matonganizo ndi kukula kwa spatula, kuyenera kuphimbidwa osachepera 65 % ya malo owombera pamakoma ndi 80% - pa pansi. " Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wonse, koma pokhapokha pazigawo zina. Kuyika kwa dothi m'nyumba pamakoma pakhoma, guluu limayikidwa pamunsi ndi statula yowala. Amagona ndi zosalala. Kenako pa zomatira zomatira zinayika matayala ndikukakamira mpaka pansi. Pambuyo pake, ma grooronos akhazikika, ndipo guluu amatenga 65-70% ya malowa. Mukayika miyala ya dongoya pansi (kuno kuno mawonekedwe opanda chipongwe ali owopsa kwambiri, popeza ndizosatheka kulosera komwe mapazi a nduna adzakhala, kapena, mwachitsanzo, piyano), komanso pogwira ntchito kunja , akatswiri amalimbikitsa njira yophatikizira, kapena njira yothetsera kawiri. Guluu limayikidwa m'munsi mwake, ndipo kumbuyo kwa nyumba yaulamuliroyo yosalala kapena yopanda chizolowezi. Pomaliza, matayala amaikidwa m'munsi, natembenuza mu 90 kotero kuti zomatira zomata zomata zimapanga "gulu".
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Kukhazikitsa kwa phula la donthut kuli madongosolo otsatirawa: kusakaniza kosakanikirana (a) kumayikidwa pa maziko ogwirizana; Ndiye matako amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa icho, mbali ya kumbuyo yomwe imakutidwa ndi guluu (b); Ma seams osalala pakati pa matailosi amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito minda yapulasitiki (b); Ngati ndi kotheka, zinthu zimadulidwa (g); Ma tailes okhazikika pansi amayang'ana ndi gawo lomanga (D); Pambuyo pouma guluu, seams (e) asinthidwa.
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa malingaliro awa ndikofunikira kwambiri, popeza mumsewu, kuyambira mumsewu, madontho amawonongeka chifukwa cha chinyezi, kutentha kwa kutentha, zotsatira za kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa maziko ndikuyenda. Zotheka kusokoneza ndi zovuta pakati pa matailosi ndipo maziko ake ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi guluu wa elastic ndi lalitali-lalitali.
Inde, tikuona kuti ntchito yoyang'anizana ndi zofunika kuchita pa kutentha kwa mpweya 10-30 s ndi chinyezi chosaposa 80%. Mikhalidwe ili yabwino kwambiri yochiritsa nyimbo zomata, komanso mfiti, atayika matailosi.
Otsatsa amathokoza 'nthawi zambiri, Esima, zida zomangamanga, zotchinga za Gorben Rus ", Lirion, komanso dipatimenti yogula ya mkulu wa Spanishy ku Moscow pokonzekera nkhaniyo.