Zinthu zokumana ndi miyala yokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana: njerwa, njerwa, matabwa, zokutira ndi zotchinga ndi zouma zouma
Mlandu wokongoletsedwa wokongoletsera amatha kukongoletsa makoma amtundu uliwonse wakunja komanso konkriti, njerwa, matabwa, mitengo yokutidwa ndi pulasitala yokutidwa ndi pulasitala. Kuchita bwino nthawi zambiri, ngati mathedwewa amaperekedwa ndi ntchitoyi, komanso pochita ntchito, malangizo aukadaulo amawonedwa mosamalitsa.
Ndani ndani?
Zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, nthawi zina zimatchedwa kupanga zopangidwa, zofananira zimabereka mawonekedwe, utoto ndi kapangidwe ka miyala yamtengo wapatali: yosalala komanso yopumira, mitsinje ya mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Komabe, Mwalawo sunakhale wochokera. Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi simenti (ngati bander), mchenga, mafilimu osiyanasiyana (Ceramite, Perlite, Pumice) ndi utoto. Nthawi zina kukonza zinthu za mwalawo, ma pulasitiki imayambitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, zowonjezera zachiwerewere. Mwa makampani otchuka aku Russia - opanga izi amatha kutchedwa mapiri oyera, khosi la Kamrock, Chellaa, Soulland, "mwala wathanzi", "Mwala wangwiro". Mtengo 1M- 750-140000rrub.
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Kuchokera yaying'ono kupita kwakukulu
Kulemera kwa mwala kumadalira kukula kwake komanso kapangidwe kake. Kuwala kumawonedwa kuti tambirira zolemera mpaka 20 kg / m; Zimaphatikizaponso zophatikizika zokongoletsa njerwa zokongoletsera, unyinji wa zinthu zomwe sizingafanane ndi njerwa zenizeni. Miyala yolemera 20-52 kg / m wa gulu lambiri, oposa 52kg / m kuti akhale akulu. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, khoma la nyumbayo liyenera kupirira kulemera kwa putty, guluu ndi grout. Ngati kuchuluka kwa guluu ndi grout pa 1m 3-5kg, ngakhale pafupifupi "zolemera (17kg zolemera (17kg / m) kulemera kwa zinthu zidzakhala 6-10kg, ndipo izi ndizochuluka.
Kuphatikiza kwina kofunikira komwe kumafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa misa ndi lalikulu la zinthu za payekha. Sinthani njerwa ndizabwino. Sizifukwa mwa mwayi kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda uliwonse, kuphatikizaponso Gkl, wokutidwa ndi kutchinjiriza, kukongoletsedwa ndi chipboard ndipo sichinapangitse katundu wamkulu. Zosavuta zamiyala yayikulu-factoni imodzi imodzi ya 1 dm amatha kulemera 7kg. Kusankha mtundu womwewo wa kumaliza, tinene, chifukwa cha gawo la nyumba ya dzikolo, muyenera kukhala otsimikiza kuti kulemera kwake sikungafikire ngati makoma a makhoma, komanso maziko. Dziweruzireni nokha: Panyumba yokhazikika yochokera ku sangweji (100kg / m), maziko akulu akupezeka akufunika, ndipo mawonekedwe ake okhala pamwamba sangapangitse mavuto ena onse. Ngati eni ake mwadzidzidzi (osati pagawo la polojekiti kapena zomangamanga) adaganiza zokongoletsa makhoma ndi michere ya miyala (70kg / m), kulemera kwa nyumbayo kudzachulukana ndi 1.5-2 nthawi. Kodi izi ndizovomerezeka pangozi? Katswiri womanga ayenera kuyankhidwa funso lenileni lotere, koma osati wopanga kapena mwala wouma.
Mapeto ake, monga akuwonekera, ndiwachidziwikire: Mtundu ndi kulemera kwa nyumbayo ziyenera kudziwiratu pamalo opangira, pomwe mapangidwe a maziko ndi makoma amawerengedwa.
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Kuyang'anizana ndi mwala wokongoletsera kumagwirizana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito (a, b), makoma owoneka bwino. "Mwala" womwe umayang'ana umayang'ana umaphatikizidwa bwino ndi ndodo zoyandikana, masitepe a zitsulo za kuchitika ndi makonde.
Mpanda wolimba umapatsa nyumba ya nyumba yokhazikika ndipo amatsimikizira chitetezo chake. Mipanda, yolumikizidwa ndi mwala wokongoletsa, imayamba bwino m'mawonekedwe aliwonse, kugwirizanitsa ndi ma track, mwala "kutseka, ndipo osasokoneza chilengedwe cha m'derali.
A, c - mapiri oyera
B - Omanga A. Ermakova, chithunzi V. Nefdova
Guluu kapena kuponyera?
Makampani ambiri omwe akatswiri omwe akatswiri omwe akatswiri amakhazikitsa mwala wokongoletsera, gwiritsani ntchito mfundo zambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo amazisintha. Mwanjira ina, "makina omanga" amasiyana njira zopangira makoma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotayika, mphamvu, zolakwa za mawonekedwe ake.
Chitsanzo chosavuta: Kuti mwalawo ukhazikika modalirika, mawonekedwe a guluu amayenera kukhala ndi zitsamba zokwanira pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, amakakamizidwa kuti atumikire kugwada pakati pa khoma ndi mwala (iwo, monga lamulo, khalani ndi ma coemer owonjezera osiyanasiyana) pa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Kupatula apo, kasupe wa khoma, makamaka padzuwa, umatenthedwa ndi 15 ° ° C, ndi kuzizira mpaka usiku. Nthawi yomweyo, mazikowo sakuwotcha kwambiri ngati mwala, chifukwa chake, kuyika komwe kumakulitsa mphamvu. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito kapangidwe kanu "cholakwika", ming'alu imawonekera poyang'ana, ndipo miyala idzagwa pakapita nthawi.
Chifukwa chake, posankha guluu pa mwala wokongoletsera, ndikofunikira kuganizira zomwe zili pansi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti chikwama (25 makilogalamu) cha zomata zomata za 250-390 rubles, komanso nthangala kale (monga njerwa 450. Mtengo wa nyimbo za akatswiri ndi zomatira zolimba (1.2-1.4 MPA) amafika ma ruble 600-700 rubles. Mwa njira yawo, amamangiriridwa kwambiri mwala kupita kukhoma lililonse, mtengo wawo umawoneka wokwera kwambiri.
Mukufuna kupulumutsa? Chonde khalani ndi njira zambiri. Chosavuta kwambiri ndikusanjana komanso nthawi yomweyo kugwirizanitsa khoma ndi wosakaniza wocheperako (5-10mm) wa osakaniza ndi mchenga, ndikuyika kale guluu wosakaniza wa demokalase pamwamba pake. Mwa njira, zomata zomata zomwe zimapatsa opanga zokongoletsera za pansi pa 0.8-1mp ndipo, monga lamulo, cholinga chake.
Pamaso okhala ndi zomata zochepa kwa simenti-michere, mwachitsanzo, konkriti yoyesedwa, njira yoyesedwa igwiritsidwe ntchito: Poyamba khomalo iphatikizani ndi mwalawo, kenako phiri lamiyala pazinthu zomatira. Pankhaniyi, mtengo wonse wazomwe zimachita komanso ntchito yomwe yachitika idzakhala pafupifupi 400 Rubles. Kwa 1m. Komabe, pazomwe zimayang'anizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maziko omwe muyenera kuyimitsa mwatsatanetsatane.
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Asanakhazikike zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, maubale achitsulo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi khoma la njerwa (a). Zomanga zakuthupi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kenako ndikukongoletsa makhoma (b).
Pofuna kuzindikira kuthekera kwathunthu kwa zida zodziwikiratu komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito mwala wokongoletsera, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chapadera komanso kutsatira malamulo ena okhazikitsa. Chifukwa chake, kumbali izi siziyenera kudalira anthu osakhazikika, koma akatswiri oikika amathandizira pakugona kwake. Adzatha kukwaniritsa ntchito yovuta iliyonse panthawi yochepa kwambiri (C, d).
A, B - Chithunzi V. Kovaleva
C - "Mwala wangwiro"
D - Kamrock
Konkriti ndi zochokera
Chifukwa chiyani osafunidwa kuti akakondeze mwalawo mwachidule konkriti ya Monolithic, mabodi a thonje, maziko? Kupatula apo, amawoneka osalala. Zingamveke, tengani ndikuyiyika popanda kuvomerezedwa ... Vutolo ndilongokhalapo ndipo ndilosalala kwambiri, zomwe sizimadutsa kapangidwe ka zomatira. Kuti muwonjezere zomatira zomatira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito primers apadera: Cenkel, Germany), "Bermat T-55" ("Breesia). Komabe ndizodalirika kwambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yotsimikizika kapena yolumikizidwa (ya carciro (pulasitiki) Gridi ndi thandizo la mfuti yomanga ndi kukalowa ndi masher, ndipo ikaumitsa, pitani. kukhazikitsa mwala.
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Tsimikitsani mwala wokongoletsera (mapiri oyera): Choyamba gwiritsitsani Pulati yachitsulo (a) msomali (B) m'dera lonse (b). Kenako pamwamba ndi gridi imakutidwa ndi gawo laling'ono la pulasitala la simenti (g) ndikusiyidwa mpaka itauma. Mwala wopanga umayikidwa pa pulasitala youma, ndikuyang'ana zomangamanga pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lomanga (e). Ngati ndi kotheka, "mwala" wodula makina opera popanga kuti apeze kukula komwe mukufuna (e). Chisindikizo cha seams chokhala ndi malo apadera, ndikufinya mothandizidwa ndi pistol ya nyumba (g)
Njerwa -
Njerwa pamalo, m'malo mwake, amasangalala kwambiri. Amatha kukhala ndi miyala yokongoletsera yolemera popanda kugwedezeka. Khomalo limapangidwa koyamba ndi dothi loyenerera, mwachitsanzo, Cenesit 17 (Henkel), "dothi lakuwoneka bwino" ("breakit" (") cm 17 (Henkel) , "Starplits T-11" ("Zida"), "Flex" (Kniaf, Russia). Pamaso, njira yolumikizira yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala m'munsi, ndi pamwala. Mtengo udzakhala wocheperako kokha ndi ntchito zazing'ono zantchito, ndikamaliza kanyani, zidutswa za khoma. Mukakumana ndi gawo la nyumbayo, ogwira ntchito sakukhumudwitsidwa kuti apukutse gululo kukhala pamwamba pa aliyense payekha. Kugwiritsanso ntchito komwe kumakhala kotsika mtengo pamtunda wosavomerezeka kumachulukana, ndipo ndizokakamizidwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuganiza za kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa.Pamiyala yakale yopangidwa ndi njerwa zopangidwa kapena makoma a njerwa zapamwamba, komanso pa monolith-konkriti, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito gululi. Njerwa zomwe zagwidwa zimakhazikika ndi misomali yopanda phokoso, kupita ku masitepe apadera (mtundu ")," gulugufe ") kapena nangula. Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito malinga ndi chiwembu chodziwika bwino. Momwemonso, amabwera ndi makoma a njerwa omwe amathandizidwa ndi hydrophobsers kapena kumatanthauza kuchokera kutalika (ndizovuta kwambiri kuti azikhala nawo pa iwo).
Makoma osokonekera
Kudya nyumba zakumidzi ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomanga, kuphatikizapo chimango komanso chishango komanso matabwa, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri pa mbale ya polyststyrene iyo.d. Ambiri angakayikire kuti makhoma omasuka komanso osakhwima amatha kukhala mwala wokongoletsera. Komabe, ukadaulo wotere wayamba kuyambira kalekale komanso kuyesedwa.
Pambuyo mbale za kutukuka zimawomba kukhoma, zimaphatikizidwa ndi msomali kapena zingwe zotengera mtundu wa maziko. Kenako mesh wa Shell imayikidwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo yokutidwa ndi zomatira mwakukumba kuti ikhale pakati pa wosanjikiza. Kenako, Gridi imaphatikizidwa ndi masitepe m'munsi, ndiye kuti, kuyankha kawiri konse kumachitika. Ntchito yake sikuti ndikungokonza kutentha kwachuma, komanso kukhala thandizo lodalirika poyang'anizana. Kukhazikika pa kuperewera, ma denti amapangidwa, ndipo amakhomedwa ndi mawonekedwe a mwala. Pamakonzedweratu motero, miyala yokongoletsera mtundu uliwonse, kuyambira kophweka kwambiri ku zovuta kwambiri. Popeza mwayika mtundu wina wa polojekitiyi, mungosankha kusokonekera kwa kachulukidwe koyenera, kuchuluka kwa maulendo ofunikira, ma pulasitiki opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zoyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa masentimita, komanso kapangidwe kaukulu.
Zachidziwikire, zobisika ndi zozizwitsa pogwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuganizira kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, chisamaliro chapadera chimafunikira kulowera kuzenera ndi zitseko, zolumikizana, zakunja ndi zamkati ngodya za izo.D. Koma sizimamveka kufotokozera. Zonsezi ziyenera kulembedwa molingana ndi ntchito kapena zolemba zina, ndipo gulu la othamanga limangotsatira iye.
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Makoma oyenda: Njira yapadera
Chovuta kwambiri pa "mwala" chimaliziro ndicho maziko a nkhuni, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "moyo". Chifukwa chake, khoma lokhala ndi nthawi ya 10m ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi madontho amatha kusintha mizere ya mzere mpaka 10 cm. Sikuti nkhope iliyonse yomwe idzapirira kupita patsogolo kotereku, osati gulu lililonse lomwe lidzalanda ntchito imeneyi.Pali njira yotuluka, osati imodzi. Mutha kutentha nyumbayo kuchokera ku bara kunja, ndipo chisumbucho chikuumirira mwala. Dongosolo lotere limakupatsani inu kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mtengowo, koma iyenera kuwerengeredwa moyenera, ndipo kuyeserera kuyenera kukhala ndi ma sheams. Nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pamakona, pansi pa mawindo a izi.p., ndiye kuti, komwe ali owoneka pang'ono.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Pambuyo pa kugona pamapeto pake kuyendetsa, chingwe chopangidwa ndi mwala wokongoletsera ndi chofunikira kuthandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a hydrophobic. Amapanga nembanemba wotsekemera kwambiri pamwamba pake, omwe amalanda madzi, amateteza zomwe zachitikazo chifukwa cha zolengedwa zakunja. Ndikosavuta kusamalira kumapeto koteroko, chifukwa ndikosavuta kuyeretsa fumbi ndi dothi. Mawonekedwe a WTem, pomwe mwala woyang'anizana umawonekera bwino kutentha komanso utolankhani, komanso kulumikizana ndi madzi, kukonza hydrophobizer ndikofunikira. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo awiri onyowa. Pamwamba pa mwala womwe umapeza katundu wopindulitsa pakatha masiku 2-3. "Ntchito" Kupeza kuli pafupifupi zaka 5-7, pambuyo pake njirayi yabwerezedwa.
Denis Panov, CEO wa mapiri oyera
Pali njira ina. Phiritsani makoma akunja a nyumba yopangidwa ndi dongosolo la popumira: Kuphatikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu za makoma, kenako gululi, limangiriza mwalawo. Mofananamo, magawo ang'onoang'ono amakoma nthawi zambiri amapangidwa, ndipo mwalawo umapangidwa mwachindunji ku CSP, popeza mbalezi zimakhala ndi zotsatsa za simenti simenti ya simenti.
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Miyala yokongoletsera imakonzekeretsa makhoma ndi mkati, malo okhala ndi magetsi, kutentha kwapamwamba komwe sikupitilira 70 s (a, b).
Omanga A. Buzzitsky
Chithunzi N. Serebryakova
Mwala wowonda komanso wopepuka umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza mkati. Kukhazikitsa zinthu sikuyambitsa zovuta zapadera, ndipo moyo wa kumaliza ntchito koteroko kuli pafupifupi kopanda malire (c).
Omanga A. Grishin
Chithunzi R. Shemmomomcutva
Mkati mwa mkati?
Mkati mwa nyumbayo, kumaliza ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi makoma ndi madaji a dosterboard. Palibe zovuta zapadera ndi miyala yokongoletsa. Tidzasamalira kokha kumbali imodzi, yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga khoma lopangidwa kuti lithe kumaliza ndi zinthu zolemera (zoposa 52kg / m). Maupangiri wamba a maongola achitsulo kuti musinthe glk-60sm. Pansi pa zotupa zazikulu amaikidwa kawiri kawiri kawiri. Kuthamanga kokha komwe kumakhala kokhazikika, koma zigawo ziwiri za gliquuriti zolimba. Gwiritsani ntchito molingana ndi chiwembu: Amawombera mfuti yopyapyala mothandizidwa ndi zikwangwani zomangamanga ndi mabatani, amatsuka ndi guluu ndipo patatha tsiku loyamba kulekanitsa khoma ndi mwala wokongoletsera.Lingaliro la katswiri
Kusintha - gawo lomaliza la kukhazikitsa miyala yokongoletsera. Imathetsa ntchito yosangalatsa yosokosera. Ndikosatheka kusiya ma seams otseguka, kudzera mu chinyezi cha iwo chidzalowa mu chinyezi, komanso nyengo yozizira komanso kuwononga masomphenya. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la seams limapereka mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Simuyenera kudzaza misozi ya zomangamanga zomangamanga - zikungomata, sizimangokhala mfuti, ndipo chifukwa cha msoko, zimasiya kugwira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, ma grout apadera opangidwa ndi opanga miyala yopanga. Zosavuta kwambiri pakufalikira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito pisitol yomanga kapena syringe "yopangidwa" yopangidwa kuchokera pa phukusi, tube. Masowa pakati pa zinthu za anthu ali ndi misa yonyowa, kudikirira kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40, pomwe amawuma, kenako ndikujambulidwa ndi sterola.
Alexander Terententyev, ukulu wa Tempiri wa Kamrock
Zonse
Munyumba, mikhalidwe yoyang'anizana ndi miyala yokongoletsera ikhoza kuonedwa bwino: mikhalidwe yokhazikika, kusowa kwa zinthu zakunja zakunja. Ma faces akakhala okwera, kutentha kozungulira kumaganiziridwa mu mtundu wa 10-25c. Ndizosafunikira kukweza mwalawo mumvula ndi kuwala kowongoka, popeza chinyezi chambiri kapena kuyanika kwa yankho kumachepetsa mphamvu ya zomangazi. Nthawi yabwino yomaliza (makamaka kwa ma seams) ndi m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Kutentha kwa mpweya mpaka -10 c gwiritsani ntchito "guluu" wapadera ". Zowona, pali mkhalidwe umodzi: pomwe mawonekedwe a maso a Mashorery sataya mphamvu 70%, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwera pamtengo wa ziweto, apo ayi mikhalidwe yazomwe zimachitika. Ngakhale kutentha kotsika, malo olekanitsidwa kumazungulira kutentha, kumakumbukira mafilimu obiriwira, ndipo miyala itayikidwa mkati mwake ndipo mwala umayikidwa. Pamapeto pa ntchitoyi, kutentha kumeneku kumayendetsedwa kwa masiku ena atatu.
Zolemba zokonzeka zikomo mapiri a Kamrock, Chelsea
Kuthandizira pokonzekera zinthuzo.