Kuwala mwa dongosolo

Zowonjezera za zida zowunikira za mbewu zamkati, mitundu ya nyali ndi mawonekedwe awo, nthawi ya kuwala

Kuwala ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chofunikira pakuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Zizindikiro zobiriwira zifukwa zosiyanasiyana sizikhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira nthawi zonse. Fitolampa imathandiza kuti adziwe zakusowa kwake - zikambidwa m'nkhaniyi.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mbewuyo imafuna kuchuluka kwa kuwala mwachilengedwe. Kufa kwambiri komwe timakula kunyumba nthawi zonse kumawathandiza. Kusowa kwa kuwala kumaonekera nthawi zonse pa moyo wabwino: ndizotupa komanso masamba achabe, zimayambira kwambiri, maluwa amaima. Munjira yapano yazomera imatha nyengo yozizira, ngati kuti pang'ono kugwera mu hibernation, ndipo mu kasupe amadzukanso. Komabe, eni akusoweka akuyesera kudzaza kusowa kwa dzuwa, kupeza phytolamba. Zomera zomwe zimakhala m'malo opanda mawindo (makonde, mafuta ogulitsa), zida zotere ndizofunikira osati nthawi yachisanu, komanso chilimwe.

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Chithunzi 2.

Chithunzi 3.

Chithunzi 4.

Chithunzi 5.

Chithunzi 6.

1-3. Kupulumutsa magetsi kupulumutsa nyali ndi mphamvu ya 50w (1), mawombo a OSRAM Inphecescent, Orw (2w (2) woyatsa mpweya wolemera machepu, 600w (3). 4-6. Makina Opepuka: Makina (4, 6) ndi Electronic (5)

"Kilogalamu" ya dzuwa

Kusankha nyali kumadalira ntchito zomwe mukufuna kusankha pokhazikitsa zowunikira zowunikira. Mabungwe omwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kulibe, ndikofunikira kupereka mtengo wathunthu wa masikono - 3-6,000. LC (m'magulu a Suti - kodi kuwunikira kumayesedwa) mkati mwa 6-12. Njira inanso - Kuwala kozizira kumaganiziridwa kuti mbewuyo imasungidwa bwino popanda kukula kwamphamvu. Kutengera zofunikira zowunikira, mbewu zapakati zimagawika m'magulu atatu: Oyambirira amafunikira kuwala kwa dzuwa (hippestam, pelalandoe, roladendruum, nthongo), ndi Khalani mu katatu kwachitatu (Agava, Paphistakhis, Satpolia). Zomera za gulu lirilonse nthawi yozizira, akatswiri amalangiza akatswiri a akatswiri owonjezera: ma LC ena 4-6, chachiwiri - 3-4,000, chachitatu ndi 1-3,000. LC. LC. LC. LC. LC. LC. LC. Ngakhale kuwala kwambiri (mpaka ma LC 12,000) Kufunika ngati mungaganize kuti musakhale nthawi yopuma m'nyengo yozizira, ndikutipatsa chiweto chanu chobiriwira "ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwake mu zikhalidwe zina.

Chithunzi 7.

Chithunzi 8.

Chithunzi 9.

7. Kupereka kwa katsitsumzukwa mu corridor, kulibe mawindo. M'malo mwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, mbewuzo "zimadyetsa" ndi nyale yopepuka yomwe ili ndi 250W (Relux). Nyali imatenthedwa kwambiri (mpaka masekondi 300), ndiye muyenera kuwunika kuti ili mtunda wazomera zosachepera 30. 8.9. Nyali zoyikidwa mu ma ekfonen: magetsi a incandescent (8) ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu (9), zipwirikiti ndizoyenera, ndi tubular-

Lingaliro la katswiri

Akuluakulu-osonkhanitsa mwina ali woyamba pamndandanda wa omwe amapeza ma phytoocheries. Wimeny Cityment amakhala ku maiko otentha: Clersodendrums (Thompson, Wallich, "champaagne Zomera zimayikidwa pagalasi zimathandizira m'makoma awiri osiyana ndi tiirs. Kuwunikira kopanga kumapereka zida zitatu zotsitsimutsa: nyali ziwiri zotsalira ndi chowuma chimodzi chokhala ndi 250W. Nyali zitembenukira kawiri pa tsiku: m'mawa, nthawi ya 7-10, ndipo masana, 15-23h. Zikomo kumbuyo, ngakhale nthawi yozizira, zikhalidwe zonse zikukulirakulira, ndipo ambiri a iwonso amatulutsa maluwa, mwachitsanzo, lantana Camarara. Amapanga "mafunde": 2,5-3 zachinyengo, ndiye sabata 1 ili. Zipewa zoyera za Taber1 zosonyeza.

Tatiana Uzubova, Duwa

Mitundu ya nyali

Kuchokera kowoneka bwino kwa zokolola za dzuwa kwa mbewu, gawo lake lowoneka lili ndi gawo lowoneka bwino kwambiri, lomwe lili pamtunda wa mafunde ndi kutalika kwa 390-710 nm. Ndi mafunde owala awa omwe akufunika kupanga chlorophyll, komanso kusinthanitsa kwa mpweya, mapuloteni biosytynthesis ndi ma acid a nucley, omwe ali, kwathunthu "mbewu". Komanso, pa chilichonse mwa njira zodziwika bwino, mtundu wina wa wocheperako ndi wofunikira. Chifukwa chake, mafunde okhala ndi kutalika kwa 510-700 nm (gawo lachikasu la chikasu) ndi malo okhala pazithunzi zapamwamba, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga chlorophyll. Mafunde okhala ndi kutalika kwa 400-510 nm (buluu wabuluu) amakhudza kukula ndi mapangidwe a mbewu. Avolna oposa 700 nm kutalika kumatambalala mapesi. Chifukwa chake, chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha mbewu ndi magawo abuluu komanso achikasu a spectrum. Pali mitundu isanu ya zida yomwe itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "dzuwa". Ali ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana ofuna kubereka mafunde abuluu ndi chikasu. Awa ndi mababu a incandescent, osunga mphamvu (opindika), tubularum luminentcent, kutulutsa mpweya (sodium ndi mercury) ndi menels. Kuimba gulu kuti pali mphamvu zake ndi zofooka zake. Nyali ya incandescent ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso yopanda mphamvu. Paza mbewu, mtundu wokhala ndi mphamvu za 100-160ws ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kumbali yake yofiira ndi yoyenera. Ali ndi zida zowonetsera. Popeza zida zoterezi zimatenthedwa, nyali zimayikidwa patali kwambiri 20-30 cm kuchokera kumasamba apamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, amapanga iwo, mwachitsanzo, Osram (Germany). Pochita izi, nthawi zambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito posewera maluwa m'masitolo. Nyali zonyamula mphamvu, monga Feron (China) Idr, osatenthetsa, kuti aike pafupi mokwanira ndi mbewu. Kutentha kwawo kwa utoto kumasunthidwa kudera lachikaso kapena labuluu la spectrum (kutengera mtundu). Kuphatikiza "zofunda" komanso "zozizira" m'magulu awiriawiri, pezani malo ofunikira. Monga nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu, ma tullularsion, Osram, a Philips (Netherlands) - Osatentha. Sapereka mtunda wamphamvu kwambiri, motero nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokulirakulira, kupenda mbande ndi kudula. Ma radiations awo omwe phula la buluu ndi lofiira limayendetsedwa bwino kwambiri komanso labwino kuposa ena amathandizira pofananira. Fluora chipangizo pamtunda (Osram) - 15-50W, kutuluka kwa kuwala - 400-2250lm. Nyali zoletsedwa (sodium ndi mercury) zimaperekedwa ndi Sylvania (Germany), Reflux (Russia, Philiramu, Philiramu, Filips? Amatenthedwa mwamphamvu mpaka 300 c, chifukwa chake ayenera kuyikidwa pafupi kuposa 30cm kuti asayake moto masamba. Nyali za mtundu uwu sizigwiritsidwa ntchito osati kungounikira mbewu zochokera ku Polycarbonate, kuti mubzale mbande kale mu Marichi, ndipo mu June, kukolola.

Chithunzi 10.

Chithunzi 11.

Chithunzi 12.

10-12. Mitundu ya nyali pansi pa nyali ndi Draizza: Dzuwa "lomwe limakhala (10), pomwe zotulukapo zotsekera (11), nyali" (12)

Lingaliro la katswiri

Zovala za kutsogozedwa, monga "CIDOR" (Opanga "Oponics", Russia) masiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yozizira, greenhouse. Ubwino waukulu wa nyali zamtunduwu ndi mawonekedwe osankhidwa bwino, omwe amakhala omasuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwathunthu kwa mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, mapanelo a LED amakupatsani mwayi wowongolera mawonekedwe a radiation ndipo potero sunayende bwino kafano kafano kwa kukula kwa mbewu pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zipangizozi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi moyo wautali (100,000 H, kapena wazaka zopitilira 11 zogwira ntchito mosalekeza, mphamvu yamagetsi yotetezeka, magetsi otetezeka a mphamvu zamagetsi (12 ndi 24V). "Sidor" "saopa" Ana ndi ziweto: chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito semiconducr olimba khwalala cholimba, kuthekera kwa kuphulika kwa silinda kumachotsedwa kwathunthu. Alibe mercury. Kutentha kwa nyumbayo sikupitilira 45 c, kupanga zidazo kukhala pafupi ndi mbewu, popanda kuwononga masamba ndi mitundu. Nyali zingapo ndizopezeka: Kufufuza ndi nyali za desktop ya 18w, gululo lomwe limatha kudya 40, 60 ndi 100w. Ndikotheka kuchitapo kanthu pansi pa dongosolo malinga ndi ntchito yaukadaulo (mitundu iliyonse ya nyumba, miyeso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi).

Marina Markova, Wachiwiri wamkulu wa NTC "Opontic"

Zovala zokhala ndi ma horts zotalika zimasiyana ndendende zomwe zingachitike, koma ndi okwera mtengo ndipo amapereka mtengo wopapatiza.

Zipangizozi zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kwa diso la anthu. Nyali zoweta bwino kwambiri komanso zopulumutsa. Kuchokera ku magesi otaya mpweya wabwino kwambiri, pomwe kuwala kwachikasu, kofanana ndi zowala za dzuwa (m'chilimwe, pafupifupi maola 6 madzulo), si aliyense. Ndikosavuta kudziwa kuunika kwa gulu la LED, ndi "moona mtima" poizoni "kwa maso (onse ofiira ndi amtambo).

Chithunzi 13.

Chithunzi 14.

Chithunzi 15.

13.14. Ndikofunikira kuti kuunika kopanga kumagwera pa mbewuyi ndi ofanana ndi chilengedwe, pamwamba. Kenako zimayambira sizikhala zopindika, koma masamba afika kumbali. Luminaires amakonzedwa kuti asunthidwe ku malo abwino kwambiri a mbewu (13), kapena malo okhazikika (14)

Yang'anani mode

Kuti mbewuyo ikhale yogwirizana mogwirizana, yophuka ndi zipatso, yowala kwa munthu wamkulu sayenera kupitirira maola 12 patsiku. Ndi vuto linalake, akatswiri a akatswiri tsiku lililonse ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti awonekere powunikira. Kwa mbewu, mtundu usana ndi usiku. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kofunikira kumatha kuperekedwa ndi gawo limodzi kapena Mlingo, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zosankhidwa. Yatsani ndikuchotsa zida panthawi inayake zimathandiza nthawi. Pali mitundu yayikulu yamakina ndi pakompyuta pamsika: Fron, Lergnand (France), Orbis (Spain).

Lingaliro la katswiri

Kusankhidwa kwa nyaliyo kumadalira momwemo mbewu, komanso zokhala ndi inu. Ngati mukukula pazitsulo za Windows (anyezi, saladi), amatenga nyali ya tuminess ndi mphamvu ya 18-50w ndikuyiteteza pamtunda wa 5-10 cm pamwamba pamiyendo. Pambuyo masiku 30, zokolola zidzakhala zokonzeka. Kutalika kwa ntchito - 12-16h patsiku. Zopereka za cacti pawindo zimaponyedwa ndi nyali yomweyo, koma munjira ina - maola 6-8 patsiku. Ngati cacti ili patebulo, mufunika zida zamphamvu zambiri. Kukula kwa tebulo 1 * 0.6m, gwiritsani ntchito mlingo (Reflux) nyali ya 70W, ndikugwirizanitsa pamtunda wa 50-100 cm kuposa mbewu. Nthawi Yakhungu - 6-8H. Maluwa oyikidwa pamashelufu pa khonde lotenthedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonetsa nyali za mtundu womwewo, koma mphamvu yayikulu - kuvina (150W). Amagwira ntchito zawo mobwerezabwereza ndi kuwala komwazikana, komwe kumachokera ku mazenera, chidzakhala chokwanira maluwa nthawi zonse maluwa nthawi yozizira.

Nikolay Vavalkin, Ourggrow

Mawonekedwe a Phytolamps adawonetsedwa pamsika

Mtundu wa nyali	Zotulutsa, lm / w	Moyo Wautumiki, H	Mphamvu, W	Mtengo, pakani.
Nyali za incandescent	18-22.	1000.	100-500	40-250
Kusunga Magetsi	50-60	8-12,000,000	25-80	200-800
Ma tumini a tubular	60-80	10-15,000	15-65	250-600
Kutulutsa kwa mpweya (sodium, mercury)	90-130	16-24,000	70-600	1200-3000.
Matowero	100-120	20-30,000	1-300	6-30,000

Okonzayo amayamikiridwa mastergrow ndi NTC "Oponics" kuti athandizidwe pokonza nkhaniyo.