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Kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitala yokongoletsa kukhoma: Makhalidwe a zinthu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokutira ndi mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito nawo

Izi zimatha kulimbikitsa kulenga, kosayembekezereka, komanso kosayembekezereka. Iwo, ndi lofalitsirayo, amalankhulanso kapangidwe ka m'mapanga ndi makoma aku Southern Mazanoca ndi nyumba za ma San, zosintha zachilengedwe pa nkhani ya "konkriti" pamwamba chinthu chosatha. Kodi tingalankhule? Za zokongoletsera zokongoletsera.

Mwinanso kuti mupulumuke nthawi zosakhazikika pachuma ndizosavuta komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri m'malo okongola, ogwirizana komanso ogwirizana. Sizingatheke mwangozi yomwe imakonzanso nyumba zambirimbirimbiri ndi chiyambi cha moyo watsopano. Tchera khutu kwa mapula okongoletsera, papepala lawo aliyense adzapeza njira yolingana ndi zokonda zake, zikhumbo ndi kuthekera kwachuma.

Chithunzi 1. Tikhirila

Chithunzi 2. Tikhirila

Chithunzi 3. "France Worser"

Chithunzi 4. "France Worser"

1. Tunto "wa Tunto (Tikkurila) idayikidwa pamoto ndi mulu wautali ndikuyika pansi ndi burashi yofanana ndi yofanana.

2. Wosanjikiza chovala cholumikizira "Tunto" (Tikkurila) adayikidwa ndi ma pulasitiki ozungulira okhala ndi zozungulira.

3-4. Kuphatikiza pa spathela, pulasitala wokongoletsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zina: "Zojambula" zodzigudubuza (3), odzigudubuza "anakhala" (4).

Makina opangira izi zida ndi zokutira zakumata (1-10mm), kapangidwe kake komwe kamatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a filler. Itha kukhala mwala wopingasa (Marble, Granite, Dolomite, Quartz It.d.), Treululose kapena ulusi wa nayiloni, zopangidwa ndi ma gnules. Chithandizo choyambirira cha mawonekedwe a pansi (invoice) Kuphatikiza pa filler zimatengera maluso apadera a ntchito ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ziphuphu zimagawidwa kukhala michere, silika, silicone, acrylic. Mtundu uliwonse wa mitunduyo umakhala ndi mankhwala ndi luso la ntchito, koma mawonekedwe a acrylic amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomwezo. Amakhala ochezeka, okhala ndi mitundu yopanda malire, ndikupanga awiriawiri, koma okangatsira awiriawiri ndi kukana kwamadzi mokwanira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonongeka, kutsuka, kuyeretsa.

Gulitsani zokongoletsera ndi dothi komanso pulasitiki yoyambira, monga lamulo, yoyera. Zowonjezera ndi colorants, kuteteza mafinya ndi ma varnish. M'msika wanyumba, zinthuzi zikuyimira makampani ambiri, pakati pawo , Parist Malotor, kugawa kwa RM (onse-France), Bolls (Russia). Mtengo wa 1m2 (popanda ntchito) ndi kuchokera ku ma ruble 300 mpaka 13,000. - Ndi ntchito mu ntchito ya wolemba.

Njira ya zitsanzo

Zowongolera zapadera zithandiza kusankha mtundu wa kumaliza mtsogolo. Makampani amaperekedwa kuchokera kwa amodzi mpaka angapo, ndipo nthawi zina mitundu ingapo yamitundu yambiri, yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa colorant ya kuchuluka kwa maziko. Ngati mukufuna kubwereza mthunzi wa mipando ya mipando, makatani kapena zinthu zina zilizonse zamkati, kupanga kamvekedwe ka munthu. M'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitheke. Iwo akuwonetsa bwino mtundu ndi kupumula kwa zojambulazo, zimathandizira kusintha kwa mitundu, kusintha mawonekedwewo kuti azikhala osalala kapena ayi, otchulidwa. Mapiritsi amodzimodzi kapena angapo mapiritsi (6040cm) okhala ndi zokutira akhoza kukhala kunyumba, amaphatikizidwa ndi makoma ndikuwunika ndi kuyatsa kosiyanasiyana.

Chithunzi 5. Parist.

Chithunzi 6. Parist.

Chithunzi 7. X-coc.

Chithunzi 8. X-coc.

5-6. Kukhazikitsa kwa zokutira (malo opanga) kutengera cellulose fibrovolock (5, 6) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki, ndikusintha mawonekedwe a miyala yosweka, khoma lakale. D, perekani wosanjikiza. Malo owuma amaphimbidwa ndi sera yolumikizidwa.

7-8. Pulasitala yokongoletsera, kutsanzira makhoma a konkriti, mawonekedwe ozizira a imvi (7, 8) ndibwino kuti muikidwe ena mwaluso.

Kumbukirani za utoto, utoto (utoto wokhazikika, womwe umawonjezeredwa ku zomwe amapereka utoto) ali ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino pamtengo: wolemera komanso wamtengo wapatali komanso wokwera mtengo kwambiri. Komanso, zinthu zina zokongoletsa zimachita maziko, mu ma rix ena kapena ma varnish. Izi zitha kuchitika mu stock, pa nthawi yogula katunduyo, kapena malo. Zidzachitika pambuyo pake, makamaka ndi ntchito zambiri, ndikofunikira kulinganiza molondola kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa colorate pa phukusi limodzi kuti mtundu wa gawo lililonse upezeka ndi kale. Kapenanso kutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro a wopanga, monga, pogwiritsa ntchito netz curr (Kniaf). Awa ndi mapiritsi (2 ndi 6 g) wokhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana womwe umasakanikirana m'njira zina. Amasungunuka mu database yekha, osalekanitsa theka ndi kotala.

Ntchito za Riddles

Ndani adapereka njira yopangira khoma? Funso silabwino. Iwo amene asankha kuwonetsa ufulu ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pazokongoletsera, ndikofunikira kuyambira zokumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta. Adzalangiza atsogoleri a saloni apadera. Adzaperekanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yophunzirira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi nkhaniyi.

Chithunzi 9. Chithunzi E. Sava

Chithunzi 10. Chithunzi E. Sava

Chithunzi 11. Chithunzi E. Sava

9-11. Makina othandiza pa pulasitala amapanga zida zosiyanasiyana: Spoonge ya kunyanja (9), pomwe wofunsira wa Tampon (10), pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ozungulira, ndikupukutira ndi zitsulo zachitsulo (11) kapena spatlas

Lingaliro la katswiri

Makampani ambiri akupereka pulasitala yokongoletsera amaphunzitsa onse omwe akufuna kuchita nawo njira zogwirira nawo ntchito. Mitundu ya kufalitsa kwa chidziwitso ndi maluso akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana, yosayenera ndi mitengo iyi. Choyamba, zida zambiri zomwe zimawonetsedwa DVD okhala ndi mafilimu, zowonetsera njira zogwiritsira ntchito. Kachiwiri, m'magulu awo, makalasi a Master amachitidwa paziwonetsero za kampani. Pali zotulukapo - ku malowo. Tidafika kumapeto kuti maphunziro a malingaliro ake ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Makasitomala atapeza pulasitala aliyense wokongoletsa, akatswiri anzathu amamuuza zamitundu yonse yokakamiza ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndendende. Makalasi ali aulere ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi ola limodzi.

Roman Shashkov, Disety Rectort of Goldshel

Kuchita ntchito zovuta zopanga akatswiri. Mkati m'malo omwe adzalimbikitsa ambuye oyenerera omwe ali ndi maphunziro apadera ndi luso. Mtengo wa ntchito zawo pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitala 1m2 pafupifupi ma ruble 550, koma amatha kufikira ma ruble 3.5. Zojambula zapadera.

Chithunzi 12. KANGIFFFFFF

Chithunzi 13. KANGIFFFFFF

Chithunzi 14. KANGIFFFFFF

12-14. Asanagwire ntchito, zomwe zili phukusi losavuta (Kniaf) liyenera kusakanizidwa bwino ndi zonona zonona zonona, onjezerani piritsi loyera (kwathunthu)), kuthira mu chidebe choyera ndikusakaniza.

Chosangalatsa chenicheni: Akatswiri ambiri salimbikitsa kudalira pulasitala yokongoletsa ndi ma aluso a akatswiri. Kupatula apo, ntchito yawo yayikulu imagwirizanitsa pamwamba, ndipo dzanja lazolowera kusuntha mopanda mphamvu ndi mpango, pomwe njira yabwino yothandizira imapangika nthawi zambiri imathandizidwa ndi zipsera. Zili choncho kuti ndizosavuta kuphunzitsa njira za pempholi chifukwa cha novice Star kuposa kusuntha malungo.

Njira yofunika

Pulasitala yokongoletsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yambiri: konkriti, njerwa, chipboard, fiberboard, glk idr. Kukonzanso kulikonse komwe kumaphatikizanso makoma ndi 1-2mm osalala kungakhale 2m. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri yopangira zokongoletsera - ndi utoto, ndi ma punyani, makamaka filler yabwino. Aloleni ayambe kukhulupirika kwa malingaliro ofala kwambiri kuti pulasitikiyo safuna kutengedwa makoma, chifukwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amasunga zosagwirizana. Kugwiritsa ntchito kofananako ndi kosavomerezeka. Zimachulukitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yokongola. Dzaza mwanzeru zofooka zapamwamba zokhala ndi ma punyani omanga ndi punty.

Lingaliro la katswiri

Musanayambe ndi ntchitoyo, mudzafunsani kuti nthawi yanjiyi imasankhidwa ndi wopanga pulasitala yokongoletsera kuyambira nthawi yofunsira mpweya asanayambe (kuwonongeka). Mwachitsanzo, kuti mupeze zosavuta kuyika, zimachokera ku 10 mpaka 20 min (kutengera kutentha kozungulira). Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira? Dziweruzireni nokha, m'chipinda chaching'ono 12M2 ndi kutalika kwa ma simembala 3m khoma ndi 12 ndi 9M2. Mwachidziwikire, munthu m'modzi sangakwanitse kubisa khoma ndi pulasitala 10 ndipo akangomaliza kumene, kugwira ntchito mofulumira kapena ngayaye, kuti mupereke mawonekedwe okongoletsera okongoletsera. Ntchito yoyenera yantchito ndi iwiri. Imodzi imapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe ndi zina komanso zimabweretsa zolimbikitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kupatula apo, pulasitala ndiosavuta kapangidwe kake kofewa. Poyamba kuumitsa kumakhala kovuta.

Arkady Lukoyanov, mutu wa dipatimenti yophunzitsira ku Khoti ya Khosnogatorsk

Pambuyo pokonzekera moyenera, maziko amapezeka ngakhale, wokhazikika, wopanda madzi. Musanagwiritse ntchito zokutira, ziyenera kukhala zouma, zoyera, zopanda fumbi komanso zozizwitsa.

Chithunzi 15. Chithunzi E. Sava

Chithunzi 16. Chithunzi E. Sava

Chithunzi 17. "France Worser"

15-17. Ndi thandizo la burashi (15), grater pulasitiki (16), maburashi (17) akuchita kumaliza ntchito zokongoletsera.

Zosavuta

Kuti athandizire kusankha, opanga amaphatikiza zokongoletsera pa mtundu wa mawonekedwe owoneka: pansi pa mwala, "makoma okalamba, kutsanzira khungu losiyanasiyana komanso khungu la nyama .D. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito imagwira ntchito mokhazikika kuti apange zinthu zatsopano, zosavuta kufalitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, zokongoletsera zokongoletsa zosavuta-topz (Kniaf) ndi cruble khwangwala. Phukusi lamtengo wapatali (10l) - 770 puti. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wodzigudubuza pa ulalo woyambirira usanafike (Kniaf), ngati mukufuna, imapangidwa ndi worller yapadera kapena ngayaye.

Nkhaniyo komanso yopanda mavuto imasintha padenga ndi makhoma ndi pepala lotopetsa, monga momwe lingagwiritsire ntchito mwachindunji kwa iwo! Chinthu chachikulu, musanayambe ntchito, onani momwe amagwirira molimba mtima. Kuti muchite izi, gawo laling'ono la nkhope limasungidwa dothi ndikuyembekezera. Ngati Wallpaper imakhala kuwira ndikulekanitsidwa ndi maziko, iwo adzayenera kuwachotsa kuti asasiyane ndi kulemera kwa wosanjikiza.

Lingaliro la katswiri

Tikukulangizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito zokongoletsera zokha panthaka yokonzekera: yopakidwa, yophimbidwa komanso yophimbidwa polowera kwakuya, mtundu wa zomwe zimatengera zofunikira kukhoma. Zimasangalatsa maziko, imayendetsa mayamwidwe ake, amalimbitsa usitala wotsiriza, umathandizira kuchepa kwa mtengo wotsatira. Izi zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera zothandizira kuteteza ku chiwongolero ndi nkhungu. Pambuyo pa kulowa pansi ndi kouma, makhoma amathandizidwa ndi dothi lapadera lomwe limaperekedwa ndi pulasitala lokongoletsa. Izi ndizochezeka zachilengedwe, zimakhala ndi maziko am'madzi ndipo ili ndi mchenga wa quartz, zomwe zimathandiza ma cling clutt ndi pansi. Ngati zokutira zatopa, zitha kuperekedwa, kukonzanso, pitani ndi pepala.

Sergey Khiznakov, katswiri wa kampaniyo "Phatikizani Intercrack"

Madelo adasinthidwa ndi zodzoladzola zoyera matteleti. Kwa makoma, mitundu ina yamphamvu ndi yoyenera. Amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wokhazikika wamphamvu (Kniaf). Yosavuta-vanz ndi njira yopambana yothetsera ngongole, holls, mawu a ana, malo amenewo omwe kukana kwa Abrasion kumafunikira. Tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ndikugunda komwe kumawonekera pang'onopang'ono pamalopo pang'ono, osamenya.

Chithunzi 18. "Bols"

Chithunzi 19. Nyalugwe

Chithunzi 20. "Bols"

18. Chizolowezi chenicheni chogwiritsa ntchito chidutswa chokongoletsera ngati chinthu chopanga ma conels kapena zokongoletsera. Mwachangu komanso mosavuta kuti mawonekedwe azikhala ndi chikwangwani. Imaphatikizidwa ndi khoma; Pogwiritsa ntchito spatula, kusunthika kangapo kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ipangidwe, pambuyo pake imakhala yabwino, koma imachotsedwa mwamphamvu ndi zochuluka.

19-20. Wosanjikiza wokongola wa pulasitala wokongola safuna chisamaliro chapadera (cha 19, 20). Kuchokera ku chinyezi, zodetsa zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi zogwirira zabwinobwino, zimateteza phula la sera, ndi hardcam yambiri.

Kuchokera nthawi

Mwayi wapadera wosiyira mbiri yakale popanga mkati mwanu amapereka chindapusa, kutsanzira khoma lotalikirana ndi Satana. Zinthu zomangazi zochokera ku dongo lopanda malire zosakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndi udzu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zaka chikwi. Khoma lopatulika ndi khadi la bizinesi lakumwera kwa Europe, Middle East ndi North Africa.

Zodabwitsa, koma njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito torchis pamakoma! Chojambulacho chimapangidwa ndi manja ndi zala, kenako ngati mukufuna, kusakaniza ndi burashi yachinyezi. Kulimbikitsidwa kukula - 5-7mm. Mtengo wotsiriza wa sera la utoto umapatsa kusiyana.

Kutalika kwa zinthu kumaphatikizapo ma cellulosic fibrovolok, kotero kuti imapeza pulasitiki yayikulu. Katunduyu ndi wofunikira kwambiri ndikamaliza nyumba zomangira zatsopano, pomwe shriza zachilengedwe sizinamalizidwe, kapena m'malo okhala ndi kugwedezeka. Zojambula zokongoletsera sizipereka pansi, zomwe zimatha kuchitika pa pulasitala ina. Mtengo wofanana wa 1m2-360. (wopanda utoto).

Pa zolengedwa za mafashoni

Konkriti ngati chinthu chopanga? Malingaliro osayembekezereka awa adawonekera kuwonekera kwa nkhani yatsopano ya betpon dircarchi (RM). Adakwanitsa kale kuwunika okonda mtundu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chifuwa, osawopa zoyeserera zowopsa. Makoma, maliziro omaliza amabereka masikono ozizira komanso owoneka bwino a malo ogulitsa mafakitale, chifukwa chodabwitsidwa. Ngati ink imvi yoyipa "konkriti", ndi ma smeshes a "miyala" ndi "madefu", ndi mabungwe owoneka bwino, zimayambitsa kugwedezeka kolakwika - zimayambitsa mantha.

Chithunzi 21. Golapaint

Chithunzi 22. Golapaint

Chithunzi 23. "France Worser"

Chithunzi 24. "France Worser"

21-22. Mndandanda watsopano "nkhalango" (Valpuin) imaphatikizapo zokutira zosowa. Makoma okongoletsedwa ndi "mamba amphakhu" (21) kapena "khungu la Python (22), Tiger Thupi"

23-24. Zojambula zoyipa za "konkriti" zimapangidwa ndi burashi yokongoletsera (23), wogudubuza wa nkhope ya nkhope (24), kugwiritsa ntchito spatula statula yopumira.

Mtundu wopangidwa ndi utoto umaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya imvi komanso 20 yowala. Wotsiriza womaliza wa Vonc apanga zotsatira za mawonekedwe. Mtengo wapakati ndi 1M2- 2100.

Zodziwika za mtundu

Zophatikiza kutsanzira mwalawo zimawonedwa momveka bwino. Kusintha kosatha pamutuwu kumaperekedwa opanga zonse zodzikongoletsera. Kupatula apo ndi magulu angapo a novacolor. Makoma okhala ndi ursuoso-wopangidwa ndi Veneziano mbale amapanga chithunzi chopangidwa ndi mwala wolimba: marble kapena oneyx, ndi malachite ochulukirapo, kapena malachite owoneka bwino.

Lingaliro la katswiri

Tsoka ilo, palibe nyumba zomwe zimayikidwapo patapuma kapena zina mwadzidzidzi. Kodi zokongoletsera zimachita bwanji pankhaniyi? Ngati mbali za makhoma zimangothira pang'ono, pa mawonekedwe a zofunda, makamaka iwo omwe angatsukidwe, sizingakhudze. Pambuyo kutayikira, molunjika voliyumu, kutentha, kapena madzi owonongeka, kuchokera ku khomalo mpaka ngolo - ndikubwezeretsanso. Chifukwa chake zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zambiri zokonzedwa. Njirayi imaletsa mawonekedwe a mtundu wa utoto. Kupatula apo, kuunika kumagwera makhoma onse m'malo osiyanasiyana, ngakhale ngati mthunzi wa umodzi umasiyana pang'ono ndi gwero, sizingachitike. Avot amayambiranso njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndikubwereza zolemba pamanja zomwe zimangokhala ndi katswiri.

Julia Toplilskaya, Wotsogola Wapadera Wapadera la Kugulitsa Kampani "France Yokongoletsa"

Kuwongolera kwa Marmorino kumafanana ndi marble a Vetler ndi miyala ina yomwe imabereka miyambo ya mkati mwa nyengo yakale.

Chithunzi 25. Kugawidwa kwa RM

Chithunzi 26. Kugawidwa kwa RM

Chithunzi 27. "Bols"

25-26. Betan d'Arbichi (RM) imaphatikizapo maziko, akumaliza wosanjikiza ndi wa sera yoteteza. Mbaliyo imagawidwa ndi troweli pakhoma pakhoma, sinthani spatala ndi kapangidwe kake ndi zida zapadera. Wotsiriza womaliza amapanga zosintha za kumetera pansi. Wotsirizawa amagwiritsa ntchito sera yoteteza.

27. Kupanga zithunzithunzi kwa khoma kumapangidwa ndi Vavilon ya mafilimu a mafilimu oyera ndi toreting pereser hyl. Kuphatikizidwa kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwambiri, cholumikizidwa bwino ndi zida zilizonse za simenti, plasterboard, plywood it.D ..

Kusintha kuchuluka kwa malo a trintino dorser kumathandiza kupereka mawonekedwe oyikidwa ang'onoang'ono komanso mitundu yamiyala yakale yolumikizidwa ndi mithunzi yamitundu yachilengedwe. Mtengo 1M2 - 550-8-8-850.

Palibe kuthamanga

Nthawi yofunikira kumaliza makhoma ndi pulasitala yokongoletsa imatengera kapangidwe kake. Zimakhala nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito dothi, zigawo zingapo (mu zigawo chimodzi kapena zingapo), zida zowonjezera (ngale kapena zitsulo), sera; Ndiponso kuchokera ku masitima apakati pakati pa mapangidwe a zigawozo, popeza gawo lililonse lotsatira limakhazikitsidwa pamapeto owuma kale. Munthu m'modzi wogwirira ntchito pazaka zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pulasitala padera la 10-15m2. Ngati kapangidwe ka zokutidwa ndi kosavuta, itha kukhala 20-25m2, ndipo chipindacho chidzakhala chokonzeka masiku awiri kapena atatu. Ntchito ya Media imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku asanu ndi limodzi.

O, chisanu, chisanu, sichimadzizizira ine ...

Pali gawo limodzi lofunikira lomwe nzika zathu zambiri limayamikirira. Ambiri ambiri odzikongoletsera ndi mapangidwe opangidwa ndi madzi ndi wowonda polymer. Muyenera kupita nawo, kusunga ndi kugwira nawo pa kutentha osatsika kuposa 5 C. Zigawo zingapo kuzizira ndizokwanira kuti nkhaniyo ndi yopanda chiyembekezo. Awo omwe amafunikira kuyenera kufunsa momwe pulasitiki yokongoletsera imayamba nthawi yozizira m'nyumba yosautsa. Kuphatikiza apo, simuyenera kusunga maphukusi okhala ndi maziko okhala pafupi ndi ma radiators.

Chithunzi 28. "France Worser"

Chithunzi 29. "France Worser"

Chithunzi 30. X-coc.

Chithunzi 31. X-coc.

28-29. Zida: Zitsulo za Grille (28) ndi Spatula (29).

30-31. Kupezeka kwa "Gold Kutola" X-cocker kumapezeka mwa kusakaniza mitundu ingapo ya utoto ndi zokongoletsera.

Malo okhala ndi pulasitala yokongoletsa amasiyana kwambiri. Cholepheretsa kwambiri pakusintha kwamakina ndi zida zokhala ndi michere ya mchere.

Mwa njira, zopezeka zomaliza sizikhala nthawi yomweyo atatha kugwiritsa ntchito, koma patapita kanthawi, nthawi zina masiku awiri, ndipo nthawi zina izi! Munthawi imeneyi, iyenera kukhala yoyera kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti kukonza makoma nthawi zambiri kumalizidwa. Kenako imatsata kuyikira kwa mipando, kukhazikitsa ma emausi, zojambula zopachikidwa, zomwe zimaponyedwa ndikuwomba, zikapukusa, komanso mawonekedwe a mawayilesi kuchokera ku chiyambi cha moyo watsopano.

Okonzanso zikomo X-dengure, boll, zogulitsa malonda, "kapangidwe ka a Ingkurila", "ku Takkurila", komanso gulu la C'naf Cis kuti ithandizire pokonzekera zinthu.