Zochitika za ukadaulo womanga Canada pa chitsanzo cha nyumba yomanga iwiri yokhala ndi malo onse a 299 M2. Nkhani ya nyumba yonyamula nyumba, kusiyana pakati paukadaulo waku Canada kuchokera ku European
Nthawi ina, mwa malingaliro kuti apange nyumba paukadaulo waku Canada, tinagwiranso ntchito zopanda pake: "Nyumba ya ku Canada". Kodi chotsatsa ichi ndi chiani? Tidamva kuti adalengeza ndikumva kuti: "Nyumbayo ndi yaku Canadadi, yomwe idapangidwa, kenako ibweretse apa, ndipo apa lidzasonkhanitsidwa." Sitingathe kuyendera izi. Ao ndi chakuti adaziwona, adauzidwa m'nkhaniyi.
Bungwe la "Nyumba Zaku Canada" chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwakhala ku Russia komwe kwakhala ku Russia mtundu wopanda tanthauzo ... Chifukwa chake, popanda kuganiza, amatcha nyumba zopangidwa molingana ndi matekinoloje osiyanasiyana. Kodi ndi chiyani, nyumba yaku Canada kwenikweni?
Kodi nchifukwa ninji nyumba ya chimango ili yotchedwa Canada?
Anthu masauzande a ku Europe akangopita kukagonjetsa mayiko a ku America ndi Canada, ukadaulo wa chimanga cha chimango udapulumutsidwa kubadwa kwachiwiri ndipo kunali kovuta. Ma racks, mitengo ndi kumasulidwa kwa gawo laling'ono lamphamvu kwambiri kuposa momwe limapangidwira pakati pa theka, adayamba kubzala mbali ziwiri ndi matabwa, ndi patsekelo - kutsanulira ndi zonunkhira bwino). Zochitika pang'onopang'ono za anthu ochokera Kummawa mpaka Kumadzulo, nyama zoterezi zinachitika mwa njirayi: Tekinoloje yololedwa kuti isambitse nyumbayo, ndikutola pamalo atsopano. Woweruza, atatha kutha kuyendayenda ndi nyumba, anthu omwe amakhalabe ndi nyumba zomwe zimachitika pa America, zomwe zimakumana ndi America ndi Canada ndikukhalapo zaka zambiri.
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1. Kwa omanga kwambiri amadzi omwe amapezeka pamadzi okwera pamadzi adamanga maziko osazolowereka: Kulankhulana kwa ulemerero kunakhazikika pansi pake), pamwamba pomwe matepi ndi othandizira opangidwa ndi njerwa.
2. Ndipo nsonga idaletsedwa ndi konkriti: idasefukira ndi mawonekedwe ochotsa, omwe amasungidwa khoma ndi zitsulo zamasamba.
3. Zipolopolo zoyambirira pa wosanjikiza madzi utayika "mitengo yayikulu".
4. Tepi yapansi yapansi kudzera wosanjikiza wa nangula wothirira ma balts amalumikizana ndi bolodi yolumikizidwa.
CHXXV., Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, kudumpha chakuthwa kunachitika pakukula kwa ukadaulo wopanga nyumba. Anthu amafunikira nyumba, ndipo nyumba yamatabwa imalola ambiri kuti athetse vutoli. Kukula kumene kumafunikira kumalimbikitsa zatsopano. Boma la Canada lapereka ndalama zambiri panthawiyo ndipo likupitilizabe kuchita mpaka pano. Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira zambiri zaposachedwa kwambiri zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba zamatabwa, zopangidwa ndikuzikidwa ku Canada. Mbali nyumba zotere padziko lonse lapansi Canadascular, mawuwo amakonzedwa ndi kapangidwe kake, osati kumbuyo kwa wopanga. Kuchokera ku Canada, ukadaulo wa chimango udayamba ku Europe ndipo adamwaliranso bwino kumeneko. Nthawi yomweyo, azungu sanangobwereka, koma anasintha mtundu waku Canada. Zotsatira zake, malingaliro awiri akumanga anyumba yamatabwa amakhazikika padziko lapansi.
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5-7. Mafuta oyenera ndi kutchinga kwachitsulo kwa chimango cha nsanja yopitilira 23538mm (imakulitsidwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa kuzungulira). Chimangocho chinayikidwa pamawonekedwe okhala ndi pansi pansi kuchokera ku Osp-Slabs ndi makulidwe a 18mm.
8. Pansi pa ma slab-slab-slabs adayambitsa chizindikiro, kuwongolera msonkhano wa zinthu zamitundu imodzi ndikuyika kwake. Kapangidwe koyamba kakhala khoma lalikulu la chipinda chambiri chokhala ndi mawindo ambiri komanso bomba.
Njira ziwiri ku cholinga chimodzi
Zosiyanasiyana zamakono zamatekiti zaukadaulo za nyumba zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mawonekedwe a chimango ndi mapangidwe. Kwa mawonekedwe oyamba (mwanjira ina, imatchedwa kuti yotseguka yotseguka) kuchokera pafakitaleyi, yomwe ili pa chimanga chomwe chasonkhanitsidwa cha ma Panels okhala ndi mbali imodzi-kunja kumaperekedwa. Denga la madziwo ndi mafamu ochulukirapo amabweranso ndi mbale zathyathyathya. Kuchokera pa mafayilo ndi mafamu ku malo omanga, chimango cha nyumbayo chimasonkhanitsidwa, chomwe chimapangidwanso (nthawi yomweyo, chimbudzi kuchokera mkati mwake chimatetezedwa ndi nthunzi ndi chepetsa). Gulu lomanga limamanga malo omanga 200m2 kwa miyezi 1.5-2. Tekinolojekiti yamakhalidwe (imadziwika kuti ndiyakale) yomwe idagawidwa ku USA ndi Canada.
Njira ya Pannel (kapena ukadaulo wa mapanelo otsekeka) amadziwika ndi zomwe fakitale yopangidwa ndi fakitale yopangidwa ndi makoma ndi maenje. Amaphatikizidwanso pamatabwa, koma otuwa ndi otsitsidwa ndi kunja kwanja komanso mkati. Pamalo omanga, ma panelo awa amakhalabe ongokakamizidwa. Sungani nyumba ya 200m2 mwanjira iyi ndizotheka kwa masabata 1.5-2. Ukadaulo wa chimango ndi wotchuka ku Europe.
Nyundo yamphamvu
Ndikufunitsitsa chifukwa cha dziko lotsogola, ngati Canada, musagwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wotsekedwa. Zimapezeka kuti zonse zili mu malamulo olimba mtima kuti avomereze nyumbayo, yomwe imachitidwa ndi gulu la anthu aku Canada. Izi zimachitika pamene chimango chimasonkhana, kuperewera kwakutidwa ndipo kumakutidwa ndi membranes mbali zonse ziwiri (amapanga kapeti yolimba ya tepi ya nsalu), koma palibe popumira. Woyendera amabweretsa gawo lililonse la mapanelo ndipo limatengera mawonekedwe ake pogwiritsa ntchito luso la matenthedwe. Osapeza ukwati, imayika siginecha pansi pa izi. Gawo lachiwiri lolandila limachitika pomwe nyumbayo yakonzeka kubweretsa, ndipo ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa woyamba. Ikani "choponya", chokhala ndi pampu, yomwe imapukuta mpweya, ndikupanga vacuum. Woyang'anira zolemba, pa liwiro la mpweya umayenda bwanji kumbuyo kwa mipata. Izi zikachitika mwachangu kuposa momwe zimafunikira, sizimayina chovomerezeka. Kodi ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zikalata zoyeserera? Sipadzakhala siginecha, bankiyo idzaletsa ntchito zomanga nthawi yomweyo. Zolimba? Koma ogwira mtima! Ndipo ku Europe ku Europe sikuwoneka koopsa kotero, chifukwa chake ukadaulo wa mapanelo otsekedwa amalamulidwa pano.
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9-11. Wodulidwa adasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zingapo ndikumangirira chinyontho nembanemba (9) pamenepo kuti omaliza adaphimba chimango chochuluka (10). Khomalo lidalumikizidwa pansi (11).
Nyumba yamtengo wapatali
Chifukwa chake, nyumba ya ku Canada ndi gawo lotengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a chimango ndi mawonekedwe a maene ndi mafamu opanga fakitale. Mutha kuyitanitsa kukhazikitsidwa kotero pogwiritsa ntchito polojekiti yotsika mtengo (ndi yotsika mtengo, chifukwa pali zolemba zofunikira) kapena payekha (njira yachiwiriyi ndiyabwino kwambiri).
Ndiyenera kunena kuti ku Canada, makampani akulu opanga nyumba akuyesera kuti asapatsidwe mawindo, zitseko, zitseko, pulasitiki, mbale, pulasitala ZOCHITITSA IYI.P. Gulani zonse pamalo amodzi sizipindulitsa osati chifukwa chotsika mtengo. Mwini wake ndi wokhoza, chifukwa kampani imodzi ndiyomwe imabweretsa. Tetehemu amene adzatenga nyumbayo, nawonso kumakwanira. Masters amatsegula chidebe chomwe chimabweretsa mgalimoto (magawo a nyumba ndi malo owonjezera a 200m2 kapena anayi) komanso mothandizidwa ndi scanner wofanana, ma barcode kuchokera ku gawo lililonse ndilo Werengani nthawi yotsitsa ndi kupangika komwe kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, akudziwa chimodzimodzi zomwe zimabweretsedwa komanso zomwe zili.
Izi zidachitika ndi omanga a Weisroe Homebeunysh (Russia), atalandira zonyamula kunja kwa nyanja ndi zambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nyumba za Viceroy (Canada). Nkhani yathu ina ili pafupi ndi momwe mudzi wa m'mudzi wawo unapatsa dera la 292M2. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri mwa njirayi akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi, ndipo lembalo limangofotokoza zinthu zosiyanitsa ndi nyumba ya ku Canada zomwe zafotokozedwazo.
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12. Pambuyo poyimilira bwino, gululi lidakonzedwa mu izi pogwiritsa ntchito zombo zosakhalitsa, zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mpaka pandege, ena omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi pansi.
13. Kukhazikitsa gululo pamalo omwe amapezeka kwa iye akugwiritsiridwa ntchito pofika pansi.
14. Dongosolo lidasonkhanitsidwa ndikuyika pamalo owongoka gulu lotsatira. Mangowo amawongoka ndi chimango chomwe chimakwera kale, kugwiritsa ntchito misomali ndi zingwe.
15-17. Masamba kumbuyo kwa gululo- ndi chakunja (15) (15) adakokedwa, kenako makhoma mkati mwa nyumbayo (16). Pakubweretsa mapanelo awiri kapena kupitilira apo, zinthu zolimbitsa zinthu zomwe zidatsimikizika. Thandizo lamphamvu kwambiri linali chimango cha kuphika kwa malo oyaka moto wamtsogolo (17).
Machitidwe
Mawonekedwe 1: maziko. Nthawi zambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Canada (ndipo posachedwa ku Russia) Mtundu wa maziko owoneka bwino, ndipo monolithic adalimbikitsidwa. Matepi mmenemo amapezeka pansi pa khoma lakunja (kuzungulira kuzungulira nyumbayo). Ming'alu yamphamvu (mtunda pakati pawo si wopitilira 3m) monga chithandizo cha makhoma amkati. Kutalika kwa riboni ndi mizamu kumasankhidwa ndi kuwerengera kotero kuti m'malo omwe ali pansi pa zochulukirapo kumatha kusunthira munthu momasuka.
Kupanga "Techpodolomono", kutsata zolinga ziwiri. Choyamba, pokhala momwemo, ogwira ntchito adzaika chitsitsingula (chomalizacho chingakhazikike pambuyo pa chimango ndipo padenga la nyumbayo zakonzeka, apo ayi pali pachiwopsezo chakuti nkhaniyo yayatsa. Kachiwiri, idzapereka mwayi nthawi iliyonse kuti ayang'anire zojambulazo pansipa.
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18-20. Makoma a pansi oyamba anali atavala kwathunthu, ogwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa Canada adayamba kukhazikitsa magetsi othamanga, omwe anali ndi mitengo (18) komanso thandizo la mitengo. 19). Zingwe zimapangidwa ndi mitengo ya LVL yolumikizidwa (yofanana ndi paneur), ma racks - kuchokera ku psl nkhuni yolumikizidwa kuchokera ku tchipisi loonda (20).
Pankhaniyi, malo otere sakanakhoza kukhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha madzi okwera pansi. Chifukwa chake, opanga ndi opanga amagwiritsa ntchito yankho loyambirira: adamanga zotupa za polystyrene polystyrene) mbale, pansi pa maziko a ma 0.7m (a "IVD", 2008, N 11), kenako pabeni mfuti ndi zipilala. Musanayambe msonkhano wa nyumbayo, pa matepi kunja kwa wosanjikiza wothira madzi woyenda. Unamangiriridwa ndi wosanjikiza zakumbuyo pansi pa Maziko a slab, ndikuteteza kwathunthu malo oti "Techseproi" kuchokera kulowera kwa chinyezi cha dothi.
Mawonekedwe awiri: Nyumba zapanyumba kunyumba. Ku Nakanad, osakhala metric (inch) makina amagawidwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a kukula kwa nyumba zokha, komanso zouma ndi chinyezi cha 15% matabwa. Chifukwa chake, chimango cha makoma onyamula makoma amapangidwa kuchokera kumabodi a 14038m (ma inchesi), chimango cha magawo 89g 38g 38m), omwe amasonkhanitsidwa, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa M'malo mwake) - 23538mm (mainchesi 102).
Ndimafunitsitsa kudziwa kuti chimango sichinakonzedwe. Kwa zinthu zouma, opareshoniyi imawonedwa ngati yopanda ntchito: Pakadutsa zaka 5-6 pamtengowo, palibe chomwe chimakhudza pamtengowo, ndipo sichitha kuwongolera. Kupatula kuli ziwalo zamatabwa zomwe zili mumsewu (matabwa ndi zopingasa), komanso kulumikizana ndi konkriti (board): Amakhalabe ndi mkuntho wa alkaliner).
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21-22. Mabvuto omanga adayikidwa mosavuta pamanja, komanso kukweza mitengo yayitali yolemera kuchokera ku mitengo ya LVL (21), Willech adatenga. Mafuta osinthika (22) M'gawo limodzi ndiochepera kwambiri kuposa nthawi yayitali komanso motero amakhala osavuta, ndipo antchitowo adawakweza pamanja.
23-26. Pambuyo pa mphamvu yolunjika idayikidwa, antchitowo adayika matabwa-matalala ndi mtanda wa 23538mm. Mapeto ake amatha kudali pakhoma, yachiwiri idadyetsedwa ndi mitengo yamphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo komanso zomangira zodzikongoletsera (23,24). Pamwamba pa chimanga cha maluwa, panali mbale zokhala ndi makulidwe a 18mm. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yamatabwa imayikidwa pakati pa mitanda pakati pa mitengo yokhazikika (mtundu wa malo ofunikira popanga) :) komanso cholimba (26) .
Mbali 3: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zamitengo. Panels kunja kwa makoma ophatikizidwa ndi osb-oste-osb (bolodi ang'onoang'ono, Bratsian Brash-OsP, I.E. Kodi wandiweyani) Mapulogalamuwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga pansi ndi pansi padenga (makulidwe 18 ndi 16mm, motero).
Zipilala zofananira za mphamvu zokulirapo zimapangidwa ndi psl-timber (zofanizira zofanizira) - zinthu zophatikizika ndi tchipisi tating'onoting'ono. Mafuta ophatikizidwa ndi ma skate amapangidwa ndi LVL-bar (yothira mitengo ya venelice) kutengera mawonekedwe ophatikizika ndi ulusi wa ulusi (kuwongolera kwa chiwonetsero chazomwe chimawonetsa kuti ndi katundu).
Chabwino, mukuti chiyani? Anthu aku Canada amateteza nkhalango zawo, m'malo mwazinthu zamatabwa (kuphatikiza mphamvu zamphamvu) bwino ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zopangidwa ndi ma gluud mosiyanasiyana chifukwa chodziwa zinyalala.
Mawonekedwe 4: Kukopa. Sitinganene kuti chochititsa chidwi chopanga ku Canadia, komanso nyumba za nyumba za Vichroy zimagwiritsa ntchito a John Manville (USA) kutengera fiberglass. Zochita zake zamatenthedwe ndi 0.04W / (m c). Kupumira kwa kuperewera kumaphatikizapo 20% yagalasi yachiwiri, koma palibe formaldehyde, kumalowa m'malo mwa acrylic (zomwe zidali ndi mtundu wachilengedwe). Makulidwe a makulidwe akunja ndi 150mm, mkati mwa magawo amkati - 100mm, podutsa pansi - padenga la pansi - pie "- 400mm" - 400mm.
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27-28. Kuwongolera ndikupanga ntchito zotetezeka pa ma panels a makoma a chipinda chachiwiri, choyika masitepe, omwe, monga gululo, koma adatumphukira. Pambuyo pa kuthamangitsidwa, imatsukidwa, kupukutidwa ndi utoto - mu mawonekedwe awa ndi eni nyumba adzalandira. Ngati akufuna, m'malo mwake. Ogwira ntchito a apokok adzakweza gululo panthaka ya pansi lachiwiri (28) ndi ukadaulo womwewo ngati makoma a oyamba.
29-. Kuwombera ma pinel ofukula pakati pawo kunali kolumikizidwa ndi polytarp-Super Polyethylene wosanjikiza (29.30). Izi ndizabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zokopa alendo ndi zomwe zimachitika. Akakonzekera kukhazikitsa gululi pakhoma lachiwiri, chinyontho chosasunthika nembani pansi pake panali NAsha (mutakhazikitsa, imaphimba malekezero a chishango). Zakumwa, ma Panels osunga malo ofukula (29.32), kuchotsedwa pokhapokha padenga
Mawonekedwe 5: Kukopa kusokonekera. Pofuna kusunga katundu wa kusokonekera, uyenera kutetezedwa modalirika kuti usayeretse ndi kulowa kwa chinyezi. Musanakhazikitse mapanelo m'malo mwake, ydro-winine-nembanemba Tyvek Homewrap (Puptont, USA) imakhazikika kunja. Pambuyo kumapeto kwa msonkhano wa mafupa a mapaneli akudwala ndi scotch yapadera. Kuchokera mkatikati, kuphifutsa kumalepheretsa kusanjikiza. Ndi chinsalu chopangidwa kuchokera ku mizere yoonda ya polyethylene ndikukhala ndi filimu kuchokera ku zinthu zomwezo mbali zonse ziwiri. Zotsatira zake, kutanthauza kuti usindikizidwe kukhoma. Chifukwa cha izi, otchedwa thermos amabwera, kupereka mawonekedwe osungirako okhazikika.
Za chithaphwi cha Russia
Pakapangidwe kamodzi kokha, mwina ndizovuta kwambiri kuzivala wina ndi mnzake, kuti apemphe, kupempha mfuti ya chibayo ndi misomali. Ndizotheka kuti izi ku Canada pali zida zapadera (zolemba zolemba kapena zopangira zowongolera .P.). Kutali ndi mikhalidwe yathu pacholinga ichi, mawonekedwe atatu oyeserera adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Wotentha kwambiri adapangidwanso kuchokera ku zolimbitsa ndi masentimita a 30mm mwachindunji pamalo omangawo kwa mphindi 15. Zinapezeka komanso zotsika mtengo, ndipo chida chothandiza kwambiri.
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Koma ngakhale mutakhala kuti, nthungo, awiriawiri (nthawi zonse amaimirira munthawi ya anthu) posachedwa angathe kulowa mkati mwa kusokonekera. Ili mu chimango cha nyumba zanyumba zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pansi pampweya wopatutsa. Chifukwa chake, ku Canada, makina owotchera mpweya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza mpweya wabwino komanso mpweya. Komabe, otukuka apakhomo amakana kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoterezi, ndikulimbikitsa kuti phokoso lake ndi phokoso lalikulu. Akukana mpweya wamakina, wochepera ndi chipangizo cha ma hood achilengedwe m'bafa ndi khitchini. Azry: Pambuyo pa 5-7, chinyontho chimakhala chokutira, litaya mphamvu zake, ndipo chimango chiyambira kuvunda.
Mawonekedwe 6: makonzedwe. Malo okhala aku Canada alinso ndi mawonekedwe ake osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pali zipinda, zotchedwa dooft. Ndi chiyani? Malo omasulira ku Chingerezi amatanthauza kuti "njiwa", "chapamwamba" kapena "akunja pansi pa denga". Zonsezi zinayamba kusaina mtundu wapadera (osati wotsika mtengo), wokhala ndi zolembedwa zakale kapena zosungiramo. Anthu aku Canada amatchulanso malo omwe ali ngati mtundu wa khonde lamkati. Ndi komwe munthu amagwa, akukwera masitepe, kenako - m'chipinda chilichonse chachiwiri. Nyumba yotereyi siyokha ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati chipinda chochezera. Kuchokera apa mutha kuwona mkati mwa nyumbayo, makamaka, kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikuchitika m'malo oyamba (mwachitsanzo, popanda kusiya ntchito, yang'anani ana akusewera kumeneko).
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33-34.Kodi masana a nyumba yomwe tidapezayo, yomwe tidakumana nayo, yoyipa: makoma a pansi lachiwiri m'malo ena akukwera pamwamba pa 60-70 cm. Zotsatira zake, kutsimikizika kwandekha pafupi ndi iwo kuli ndi kutalika kochepa kwambiri ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatula popanga zosungira (33.34). Kapangidwe kameneka ndi chikhalidwe cha nyumba zaku Canada momwe malo achiwiri pansi ali ochepera.
35-8.stropyl kapangidwe kameneka zimatengedwa ku Falms: W-Wosankhidwa (35), tronglar (36) kapena malo ofananira (37), m'malo ophatikizira kwambiri adapangidwa. Sinthanitsani ma veranda (38) adapangidwa ndi njira yomanga.
29-40 Rafal Rafal idayikidwa kuchokera ku Osp-Slabs, wosanjikiza wamadzi unayikidwa pa iyo, kenako ndikuchepa phula (39). Phala la kusintha kwa makoma pamzere uliwonse wa matailosi adayikidwa metrillic tints (40).
Chithunzi 7: windows. Pali windows-chipinda chimodzi chokhala ndi ma Argon kudzazidwa ndi zofewa zokhala ndi ma e2. Mawindo awa ku United States ndi Canada amapatsidwa chizindikiro champhamvu champhamvu, chikuwonetsa mizere yochepa kwambiri yolumikizidwa ndi iwo. Zachidziwikire, akulira kwambiri, opangidwa ngakhale mawindo otere, amafunika kutentha kwambiri. Koma pa izi, ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa maenera a Inplex pansi pawo.
Mawonekedwe 8: chapamwamba. Monga momwe siziri modabwitsa, koma m'nyumba yaku Canada, denga lolumikizidwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati sizingatheke kuthetsa vuto la chakudya cham'madzi mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, m'nyumba mwake poyang'aniridwa, zidapangidwa kuti ikhale yopanda malo okhalamo anthu awiri. APODODE ndiye padenga la mzere wambiri chifukwa cha kutalika kwa mifamu yayitali komanso kosavuta poyerekeza ndi makulidwe a denga la denga pakati pa mafamu (400mm), malo acitike adauka. Ndi malo atomuya, osati chapamwamba: kusamukira kuno ndizovuta kusokoneza mafamu omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhazikitsidwa mu 400mm. Mgonero wa chipinda chino umachitika ndi njira yapamwamba - windows windows kapena grilles ophatikizidwa kumaso.
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413. Kukhazikitsa zenera la pulasitiki, omanga amangofunika kuyika kunja kwa nyumbayo potsegulira, kugwirizanitsa ndi kuwongolera (41), kenako ndikupendekera pazenera, ndipo mbale zonyamula (42). Pokhazikitsa mawindo, omangawo ayamba kuyika chisumbu, chomwe chimakula ndi nthunzi. Pamwamba pa IT You Laid Pazikulu za PVC (43)
CHITSANZO 9: zolemba. Mapaipi a Engineering Mapaipi amakhazikitsidwa mwachindunji pansi pa louni. Chifukwa chake, mwiniwakeyo mu kapangidwe kake panyumba sikuti ndi kutentha kokha ndi mphamvu yamphamvu (imakhala ndi masitepe a kapangidwe kake ndi buku lake lanyumbayo. Tsain ili ndi chidziwitso chokhudza malo obisika a zigawo, zingwe zaopsing, zomangamanga itch .p.
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449. Maudindo a Engineers adagona pakhoma, komanso mu denga (44). Pakatikati, omwe amaphatikiza mapaipi otenthetsa, anali chipinda cha boler (45), komwe boiler wamba amaikidwa m'malo mokhala mumlengalenga. Kuchokera mkati mwa nyumba kupita ku chimango cha nkhuni, mbiri yayikulu (46) idalumikizidwa ndi kuwaphwanya ndi kulumikizana kwa galasi (47), kulumikizana. Kunja kwa maziko adakhazikitsidwa ndi chithovu cha polystyrene (48) ndipo adapanga zofewa. Akasupe a khonde ndi Veranda adamasulidwa ndi zongolira konkriti (49).
50-51. Malinga ndi pempho la kasitomala, khoma panja linatha kupezekanso ndi chithovu cha polystyrene (chosanjikiza 30mm), kenako womangidwa ndi mwala wojambula (50,51). Maiko ena adakutidwa ndikukutidwa ndi utoto wopepuka.
Mbali 10: Mtengo wa funso. Mtengo wa 1m2 wa nyumba ya Canada ndi ma ruble 27900. ITo, ndikuganizira kapangidwe ka (900Rub. / M2), kupanga ndi kutumiza munyanja kudutsa nyanja (ma rubles 3,000), ma rubles 3), upangiri Magesi, kuphatikiza magetsi, kuwonongeka, madzi otentha ndi ozizira ndi magetsi otenthetsera madzi okhala ndi zokongoletsera za padziko lonse lapansi (ma ruble a 3,000) ).
Mwinanso ku Canada, 1M2 akadali ndi nyumba yotereyi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti asankha kale za nyumba zotsika mtengo. Mwina mutangoyambitsa kuwongolera kodziyimira pawokha, tidzakhalanso ndi malo ogona otsika mtengo komanso abwino?
Kufotokozera kwa pansi loyamba
2. Tambbour ................................................... .......... .6,9m2
3. Chimbudzi ............................................. ..3M2.
4. ............................................... .15M2.
5. Hork ................................................. .. .........
6. Chipinda Chokhala .................................................... . .47.9M2.
7. Kugona ...................
8. Chipinda chodyeramo ................................................ ......... 15.3M2.
9. Khitchini ................................................. ......... ......... 16,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,422
10. holo ........................................... .. ...... 3,4 m2
11. Kuchapa ..............................................................
12. Gaola ............................................... .. .... 46,1M2
13. Anakutidwa ndi Terrace ........................................................
14. Tsegulani Tsitsani (Mwakufuna) .................
Kufotokozera kwa chipinda chachiwiri
2. Kuwala kwachiwiri
3. Chipinda chogona ............................................... .17,2M2
4. Chipinda chogona ......................................... .......... .31,5M2.
5. Kusamba kwa Master .............................. 5,4M2
6. Mwiniwake wa zovala ............................................ 28m2
7. Wardrobess Hostess ............................................ 28m2
8. Chipinda chogona ........................................... ... 14,2M2
9. Kusamba ................................................... ... 4,5M2
Board Board Zikomo kampani "Iisroy Hoamz Diviblechch" kuti ithandizire kukonza nkhaniyo.