NKHANI wa sayansi kudula Norway ndi mchitidwe tanthauzo lake pa chitsanzo cha ntchito yomanga nyumba ziwiri storey ndi malo okwana 250 m2
Ndizosangalatsa kukhala nyumba yolowera - imapumira mosiyanasiyana. Inoodi yokwanira ndiyabwino kwambiri. Zikuoneka Choncho, ngakhale zikamera wa umisiri watsopano, njira yomanga akale monga mitengo, ndi sanaiwale M'malo mwake, ambiri ofunika. Ima osati mwakhama kutsitsimutsa miyambo yawo otayika omwe unalembedwa zaka zambiri, komanso kutengera zimene zinachitikira anthu a kumpoto Norwegians, Finns ndi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za momwe makampani aku Russia amagwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera ku Norwagle.
Kufotokozera kwa pansi loyamba 1. Chotsani ............................................. 2. Hall ndi Staircase ..................3m2 3. Saisel ............................................................ 49m2 4. Kugawika ............................................................... 5. Mlendo ................................................55m2 1Kuhny-Wodyera ..................... 2,5M2 7.Cabinet Library ....... 24,2M2 8.Pa ................................. 54,84,84 | 
|
Kufotokozera kwa chipinda chachiwiri 1. Coll ......................................... 2. Sanzel ........................... 9,1m2 3. Dzuwa ...................................... 18,4M2 4. Kugawika .................................... 16M2 5. Pluve ............................. 11,3M2 | 
|
Kuchokera kwathunthu kwa achinsinsi
Maziko a nyumba yodulidwa mumitundu yonse yakumpoto ndiye nyumba yopuma, yopangidwa ndi mitengo yopingasa yopingasa, kutalika kwake komwe kumakhala koyenera kugwira ntchito - 6-8.5m. Kuti mupeze mitengo yokwanira kukhoma wina ndi mnzake, ma groongo amasankha poyambira pomwe infreove yomwe imatulutsa (Flax, moss Idr) imayikidwa pamwamba pa mitengoyo. M'makona a mitengoyo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ziphaso zapadera. Opanga ogulitsa amasinthana ndi malekezero: pamtunda wodetsedwa adayika ochepa. Nyumba zokhomera zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhuni zachilengedwe kuti zisawonongeke, kupirira nthawi inayake, kenako kusakatula, nthawi ino ndi chizolowezi chosinthana. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zofala, mwina chimaliziro. Maonekedwe a korona, geometry ya poyambira ndi mabwalo ochokera kwa anthu aliwonse. Woweruza ndikofunikira pakupanga matabwa (mbale, matabwa) adalandiridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kudula mu Russian. Ngati muchoka ku zosavuta ku zovuta, woyamba ayenera kuganizira kudula mitengo yaku Russia. Cube imapangidwa ndi mitengo yozungulira. Kutalika kwa chitalichikutali motsatira malire a chipika, mawonekedwe owonetsa galasi kumtunda kwa chipika cha chipikacho, pomwe chipika chapamwamba chimakhazikitsidwa pansi pa poyambira. M'makona ambiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "m'deralo" ("m'mbale") ndi Rementl: Mapeto a mitengoyo amatanthauza kuthekera kwa makonawo ndikupatsanso Greature kukhazikika. Kuti mupeze yomwe ili palokha, silinda-semi imadulidwa mu chipika chotsitsimutsa, kubwereza mbiri ya liwiro lalitali. Poterepa, mbale zimatha kudula pansi ndi pansi. Kupanga pansi pansi ndi kotopetsa, koma madzi amvula amatha kudziunjikira. Njira yokhala ndi chikho cha pansi ndizovuta kwambiri (muyenera kutembenuzira chipika), koma madzi m'mbale samatsata, ndipo zikutanthauza kuti makhoma adzakhala ataliatali. Khiri chomwe chafotokozedwe sichinalandiridwe bwino kwambiri, chifukwa sichimapereka kachulukidwe kokwanira kwa mitengo yolumikizirana m'makona. Koma ndizosavuta kuchita komanso zotsika mtengo. Kukweza ndi Baibulo ake - ". M'mbale ndi Kurdyuk" aobility, amene anafika ife pansi maina "mu Kurdyuk" kapena Iwo kusiyana ndi chakuti mu mbale ya kukwera ( "Kurdyuk") ili pamodzi ndi olamulira wa chipika, zomwe zili m'gulu poyambira anapanga mu chipika mating. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kupezeka kwa spike kotere kumachepetsa ntchitoyi, koma kumapereka kuuma kwakukulu ndi kachulukidwe ka kulumikizana kolumikizana. Kutalika kwa chipika m'khoma kumatulutsidwa ndi loko lokola, ndi mitengo ya korona yolimba. Matabwa ofunikira timen adapezeka m'masiku akale, kugawa cholinga cha chipika ichi kapena kuwawona.
Ubwino waukulu wodula waku Russia mutha kuganiziridwa kuti pafupifupi mbali zonse zimapangidwa popanda kupaka ma cantes, pokhapokha ndi nkhwangwa zokha ndi zala zofanana. Komanso, kudula kumabweretsa mosamalitsa pamafashoni; Zotsatira zake, amaliza matumba ophwanyidwa, omwe amapanga kutetezedwa kowonjezereka pa chinyezi. Kukhazikika kwakukulu ndikuti mitengo itayanika (shrinkage) siili mwamphamvu mu zinyalala, chifukwa cha zomwe zimasokonekera nthawi zina zimasokonekera, komanso kutayika kwa mafuta angular kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi chakuti pokana kutalika kwa zinthu zamatabwa nthawi zonse zimakhala zofanana, koma m'lifupi kukusintha, komanso kwambiri. Vitoga yokhala ndi kuchepa kwa m'mimba mwake amasintha mawonekedwe a mbale za mbale zolumikizira - kuchokera ku miyezo, amakhala chowal (lotseguka). Mphepo yachiwiri idatuluka kupitirira kotalika ndipo chinyezi chimatha kuyamwa chinyezi chamvula, chomwe, chifukwa cha capillary zotsatira, ndikuyamwa "mkati mwa mankhwalawo, ndikupangitsa kuti muchotse nkhuni. Kuti mupewe zina zonsezi, ndikofunikira kubwereza kuduladula mchaka chimodzi ndi theka pambuyo pa msonkhano wake.
| 
| 
|
4. Kuberekera (a) ndi oblique (b) malock omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Russia kudula kwa chipika cha chipika. Woyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nduwira wamba, yachiwiri, chifukwa chodumphira.
5. Khwang "m'mbale" m'mbale ndi Kurdyuk. "
6.Tsis spike mu chikho cholumikizira ndi otchedwa Kurrnuk.
Kalanga ine, tsopano zitsala pang'ono kumbukirani miyambo yomwe ilipo ku Russia - mu HX. Pazifukwa zodziwika, zidapezeka kuti sizimadziwika ndipo zidatsala pang'ono kuiwalika. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri m'mawu ambiri m'dziko lalikulu, ndikusisita ndi zingwe ku dziko lalikulu, ndipo opanga mapulogalamu amakonda kuukira njerwa, zokutira, vinyl mgululo. Koma, zikomo Mulungu, pali okonda, ndi chikondi, kutolera ndi kutsitsimutsa maluso azachuma ku Russia.
Kudula Finland. M'malingaliro athu, ndizovuta kwambiri. Mwambiri, kudula Finland kulinso chimodzimodzi ndi Russian - gwiritsani ntchito chipika chozungulira. Nthawi yomweyo, nkhuni kuchokera kumpoto kwa kumpoto zimafunika kwambiri, pomwe mtengowo umakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo umakhala ndi nthambi zochepa. Ngakhale kuwululanso mafinni a Lapland adakhazikitsa chinyezi cha Pine-Kelo, chomwe nkhuni zocheperako zili ndi chinyezi: Sizingapeze tizirombo kapena bowa mmenemo, ndipo nyumba zake sizimadziwika ndi shrinka.
Kusiyanitsa kokha pakati paukadaulo wa ku Finland kuti udulidwe, womwe, mwa njira sikuti nthawi yomweyo, ndi njira ina yosiyanasiyana ya poyambira yayitali. Ngati otchedwa lotseguka poyambira ntchito wodula Russian (ndi kutchinjiriza mu poyambira auzimu mbali zonse za mpanda) ndi imatengedwa kotero yosagwira chipika pamwamba zachokera m'mbali m'munsi mwa poyambira, ndiye mu Chifinishi , zosiyana ndi zosiyana. Provenoro pano yatsekedwa, imangowonetseredwa chifukwa chakuti m'mphepete mwake muli chipongwe chokwanira pa chipika chotsika, chophimba chipikacho kuchokera kumphepo yamkuntho ndi mvula. Mwacibadwa, mawonekedwe a okwera pawokha ali osiyana ndi ena, anena, pompano. Kutulutsa, komwe kunali avasung, kutchinjiriza, komwe nthawi yomweyo kumayendetsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti kunalibe chinyontho cha chinyontho. Zikuonekeratu kuti sipangakhale chifukwa chobwereza ndi njira iliyonse yobwererera ndi njira iliyonse.
Finns wochokera ku Russian ambuye a Russia, ziwengo sizimatayika panthawi yankhuku. Njira zakale zochezera, komanso mokakamira zidakulitsa mwayi womwe ulipo m'derali, lero ali atsogoleri abwino pamsika uno. Chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha Groove Otsekedwa chinasamutsidwa ngakhale kwaukadaulo chopanga nyumba kuchokera ku matabwa a gluel, komwe magazini yathu idalemba (onani "Ayi" 5). 5).
Swedenhaughthouse. Swedes, komanso ma Full, omwe amamangidwa nyumba kuchokera ku chipika chozungulira, ndipo zofalitsa zazitali zomwe zimapangidwa. Avet ngodya m'mimba ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kwa ma hexagon. Kuti muchite izi, malekezero a mitengoyo m'makola a 50-70cm amafunsidwa mwanjira yolondola ya hexagon, ndiye mtunda wa 20-30cm kuchokera kumapeto kwa mitengoyo amapanga mbale, mawonekedwe ndi miyeso yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kutha kwa chipika cholumikizidwa, nawonso pansi pa hexagon.
Kudula mitengo mwachidule muzovuta zomwezo monga Russia, koma olemetsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa XIX. Adapeza pulogalamuyi pokhapokha ngati inali zofunika kuti mukhale ndi ngodya zokongola.
| 
| 
| 
|
4-5. Paz, m'mbali lakuthwa umene zochokera korona chimapangitsa anthu odulidwa, kuphimba kutchinjiriza, ndi Finns ali ndithu bwinobwino ntchito pomanga zamakono pa chipika anamaliza ndi matabwa glued.
6-7. Voruba ku Sweden. Opendekera opala matabwa aku Russia adamutcha "ma hexagon" okhala ndi zotsalira.
Ganyu mu Norway. Apa kusiyana kwamwazi zaku Russia ndi zochulukirapo. Silinso mu popula - zonse ndizowopsa. Mbali yoyamba ya sayansi ndi ntchito pabwalo otchedwa, sculpted kuchokera ku mbali zonse pamodzi kutalika lonse, kotero kuti mkati ndi kunja mbali kukhala pafupifupi lathyathyathya (tsono, magoli ali amatchedwanso theka mtundu kapena awiri -Scred Timber). Makisitere akuchitika kwa chikhalidwe cha kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyi pali awiri. Woyamba mbiri yakale. A Scandinaviaans akale anali assutic, adapulumutsidwa kwenikweni pachilichonse, ngakhale pantchito zomanga. Ngongole zopangidwa, kuyankhula ndi chilankhulo chamakono, tekinoloji yamadzi owononga: itawona chipikacho kuchokera pakhosi (ku Russia, magawo oterewa amatchedwa pansi ndi madenga. Mtundu wachiwiri-zomanga ndi ukadaulo. Anthu akukulima othandiza amafuna kukhala ndi chitsimikizo chotsimikizira kuti pakumanga nyumbayo sanagwiritse ntchito mitengo ndi zolakwika zamkati. Zili mu izi zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wotsimikizira kuti mitengoyo (mtundu wa ovage kunyumba). A ASCSST, akamagwira ntchito panja, zigawo zamkati za mtengo zidakhala zowonda kwambiri komanso zomwe zingatengeke ndi matenda. Ndi iti mwa mitundu yomwe ili yolondola? M'malingaliro athu. Kusiyana kwachiwiri kuli m'njira yolumikizira mitengo (yomwe ndi mtolo wotchedwa waku Norwabian). Mbale yake siyovuta pakati, koma yopangidwa ndi yopangidwa ndi minyewa, yokhala ndi yosalala kwambiri. Mphepete mwake yam'madzi pakona komanso "imadziwika". Mkati mwa mbale siyani spikes, zomwe zili mu chipika chophimba zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yovomerezeka. Chifukwa cha mphero-mphako mawonekedwe, subties ndi pamalo osalala, kugwirizana pansi zochita za katundu (kulemera yekha, kulemera kwa Korona overlying, padenga la IT.P.) ndi kuthinana mbale pamene kuyanika nkhuni ndi Chepetsa, ndipo spike yamkati imathetsa kuwomba kwa nyumbayo. Pawiri imapezeka kwambiri kotero kuti chidetso chamadzi chimakhala chosatheka, chifukwa chomwe chiopsezo cha nkhuni chimachepa kwambiri. The bwino Norway m'linga, izo salola deformations wa akorona chifukwa cha mavuto a akutulukira, ndi zambiri shrinkage (yeniyeni, ndi dermiska) aliyense "lafetic", m'pamenenso wandiweyani kuti kumalimbikitsidwa m'linga.
Mwambiri, anthu achi Norwep anaganiza zothetsa mavuto onse ndi onunkhira chimodzi, komanso ngakhale atayamba. Azodno ndi chokongoletsera chakhoma, pambuyo pa zonse, osabisala mkati, kapena kunja kwa makhoma a face. Amawoneka bwino kale, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza boom ndi mainchesi a 35-70cm (35cm ndiye mulifupi kwenikweni pamwamba pa pamwamba). Ndi momwe kudula kongodula kwayamba kuvuta kwambiri.
Maganizo a akatswiri omwe ali ndi nyumbayi ndikwabwino - Russian kapena ku Norway, - mwanjira inayake chithunzicho chikuwoneka chonchi populumutsa kutentha, potengera nyonga. Avota ndi mfundo yoti khoma la nyumba ya ku Norway yokhala ndi kukula kwa 220mm (iyi ndi muyeso) kutentha kuposa chipika chofanana, palibe amene alibe -9 Corown. Akak amadziwika kuposa pang'ono pakhoma la mafupa, kutentha kwambiri.
Kusiyana kwachitatu pakati pa kutalika kwa kutalika kwa ma supfrores kumalumikizidwa ndi loko losavomerezeka monga ife, koma chotupa chamchira chameza.
| 
| 
| 
|
8. Zamitundu ya Anthu ku Norwea amalimbana ndi nyumba zawo kuchokera ku bootheette, kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu akuluakulu odulidwa kuchokera kumbali ya pansi ndi chipangizo champhamvu champhamvu.
9. Anthu 9. Anthu aku Rus aku Rus aku Rus aku Russia safuna kusunga kutentha, koma za kupulumutsa kutentha ndikutsutsa khoma longopita kokha kuchokera kumalo. Koma taonani: Matekinoloje onse ndi ofanana kwambiri.
10-11.Norevea Castle ndi wokongola kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa mbaleyo amapanga "gulugufe".
Kusiyana kwachinayi ndi kumangiziza kwa nyumba zomwe iwonso aku Notway, omwe ndi ophatikizika ndi mawu a Ukraine "; Hut"; Okondana, Ndani amene wabwereketsa dzina?) Amalongosola, mwachiwonekere, mikhalidwe yankhanzayi, kuphatikizapo pamsika. Anzeru sanali polimbana ndikukula, omwe, mwa njira, amaloledwa kumanga makhoma otsika (opulumutsa!), Koma kuti ukhale ndi malo amkati. Denga, ngodya yokhazikika yomwe inali pafupifupi 20, inali makungwa (mwina makungwa (osanjikiza (pansi) mpaka 30 cm) ndikukuta ndi udzu wokula. Padenga lobiriwira lino la ma scots ang'onoang'ono ndi mbuzi. Mwa njira, kapangidwe ka nyumba komanso padenga lalikulu kwambiri linakulitsa zomwe kale zidatchulapo zomwe zidatchulidwa kale korona wa tchalitchi m'mabwalo.
Kudula mitengo kwa Norway sikutchuka kwambiri osati ku Norway kokha, komanso ku Denmark, Iceland, Germany, Czech Republic, Switzerland ndi Canada. Pang'onopang'ono, amagonjetsa othandizira ake ku Russia.
Pano, mwina, zonse za mawonekedwe amitundu yodula. Tinayesa kujambula chithunzi, koma ayi, sitikufuna ena mwa matekinoloje akutsogolo, ndipo mtundu wina wa Etalt. Akuchifuna kuti: ngakhale m'munda wa njira zamakono, kapena zovuta za kamangidwe palibe chimene adzatha, mwachitsanzo, Norwegians ndipo sankadziwa Russia. Pokhapokha ngati bwati la nyumba sizinamangidwe, koma monga chinthu (Iye amatchedwa "Liezhalan") Komabe, lidagwiritsidwa ntchito, pazinthu zina. Sizinali zofunikira kuti zisungidwe mitengo yonse. Koma matava aku Russia owala bwino. Chifukwa chake, ku Russia, makhoma a log Of m'malo okhala apangidwe. Ndiye kuti, mkati mwa nyumbayo, yang'anani ngati chipatso, chipika chakunja. Weruzani mawu oti: "Magetsi". Koma kutsutsana kwambiri kunapambana ntchito yomanga, chifukwa chake si aliyense amene angamuthandize. Koma makoma oyesedwa mu chimaliziro chowonjezera, komanso chopindidwa kuchokera ku boiler, sichinafunikire zolipiridwa zomwe zimalipiridwanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mtengo.
Chabwino, tsopano, pamene ife mwachitira onse, taganizirani yeniyeni chitsanzo cha zomangamanga pa luso Norway: ife tinena mmene kampani "Red Sitima Yapamtunda" anamangapo nyumba ndi malo okwana 250m2 ku ... Altai mkungudza . Inde, inde musadabwe, kuchokera ku mkungudza. Ambuye a Russia ayenera kusintha (ngati kuti sakunena kuti, kusintha) ukadaulo waku Norwagan! Popeza zochitika zazikuluzikulu komanso zokhudzana kwambiri kuchokera kudera laukadaulo limachitika kumbali zonse pamalo omanga, pomwe ntchito yonse imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zigawo zopangidwa ndi zigawo, ndipo pokonzekera (zopangidwa) za zida izi, ndiye kuti tidzalipira cholinga.
| 
| 
| 
|
12. Njira yopangira chipika imayamba ndi mfundo yoti mitengo ija idalowetsedwa, pomwe adayamba kuchotsa pansi, kenako ndikuchotsa champor pa ngodya ya 45. 13. zamakono za zotsimikizira Norway Castle: asilikali chitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito chainsaws, ndi kusintha ikuchitika ntchito umapezeka. 14. Mapulogalamu amodzi "pa munga" mu mawonekedwe a mchira womeza. 15. Yesetsani kulengedwa kwa khola la zodulidwazo zidapitilira mpaka pansi loyamba lidakonzedwa. 16. Mu chipinda chino, malo oyamba a pansi, omwe adachotsedwa, padziko lapansi, ndipo pamenepo anali chikho cha pachipinda chachiwiri. | 
|
Chifukwa chiyani adaganiza zomangidwa kuchokera ku Cedar
Mkungudza kale wapadera kuti matabwa ake ali katundu achire: ndi phytoncides allocated ndi izo kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuthandiza m'njira pa wamanjenje dongosolo la anthu, kuwonjezeka ntchito, kuchepetsa matenda zinchito, kutopa ndi irritability, atsogolere mphumu ndi matupi awo sagwirizana syndromes. Ikomenta Cedar House ikuuluka. Izi zabwino ndikukakamiza eni malo amtsogolo kuti asiye kusankha kwawo pa Cedar. Ndi Altai.
Akatswiri achilengedwe amatcha ClAi Cedar Artai adakumana ndi mitengo, ndipo mutuwu umavomereza m'lingaliro lililonse. Pakati pa mtengowo ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a mtundu wa pinki, wolemekezeka kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi. Sizotheka ndi matenda - "buluu" kapena "lakuda" lokhalo lokhalo lozungulira (lomwe limangodulidwa popanga boiler). Zinthu zake zimakhala zokhazikika, koma zofewa mokwanira: pansi pa katundu "yoletsedwa", ngakhale kuti zofooka zazing'ono zopangidwa ndizomwe zimatulutsidwa, zokhala ndi kudula manja. Zilibe zochepa, mwachilengedwe, ngati mungamupatse nyumba yolumikizidwa kuti iyime osatentha komanso mutayamba kumira mwamphamvu, mtundu uliwonse wosweka. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomanga zimapangitsa nkhuni izi kuthekera kwake kuti azitentha. Ndikofunikira kuti mu 2003.Altai Diocese wa Tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox adamangapo malo a Russia a Antarctic Station "Belsinshausen" The Persausen "a Chapel ku Centrar Cedar.
Kukonzekera Kokonzekera
Kukweza loghouse nthawi chopangidwa m'munsi kupanga (ena opanga kunena mosavuta: pa fakitale), chimene chiri yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa onse makasitomala ndi wojambula lalembedwa kwa yomanga. Pazotsatira, n'komveka, chifukwa pali njira yonyamula katundu yopangira katundu (mwachitsanzo, cron ya mlatho imayenera kuyimitsa mitengoyo ndi mulifupi wa gawo lowonda la 350mm. Ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti kukwaniritsa zonse zofunika pamagawo onse za mpingo. Kwa makasitomala, siabwino chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe siziwona mapiri a cortex, tchipisi ndi tchipisi nthawi yonse yokonzekera maphunziro.
Mapulogalamu oyambira amathandizidwa pa matabwa, kuchotsa mbali yomweyo (makulidwe a ma billets - 220 mm, kutalika kwake kutalika ndi 6.1m). Nkhope zopapatiza zimadulidwa, ndikuchotsa tepi yayikulu kuchokera ku mitengo ya mkungudza (kutalika kwa ntchito yolumikizira kwa mathamu), pambuyo pake imadulidwa ma billet omaliza Atatu a 45. (Dziwani kuti Sukulu ya Kuledzera Yomwe Kudula Amalola Kupatulikitsa Kumango Kupapatiza Kumangowombera ndi Kupanga Kwawo Kudzazidwa. Imakhala ndi nkhope zomveka bwino ndipo zimawoneka bwino.) Zolakwika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolakwika ziziyikidwa pamanja ndi ma elekitirole.
Gawo lotsatira ndikupanga mpingo. Ukadaulo wa zopangira zazitali zikuwoneka motere: Mabwato amodzi amaikidwa kwina ndikugwiritsa ntchito "BlackSheel" wokhala ndi mitengo iwiri yotsika mtengo kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri, Mizere ya m'mbali mwa njira yamtsogolo imakulungidwa. Kenako zowala zimatembenukira ndikudutsa poyambira applinel ya applinew, zodulira zimasankhidwa ndi dzanja ndi nkhwangwa yapadera - "tesla" (palibe vuto). Kuchulukitsa kwa "lalftin" kwa wina ndi mnzake (mpeni sayenera kulowa gap) kumayesedwa mwa kukhazikika m'malo mwake.
Njira yopangira zolembedwa zangula ndizosangalatsa kwambiri: Njira yovuta kwambiri ya trapezoidal mizere yamtsogolo imakokedwa m'bwatomo. Pambuyo muyeso ndi macheke, imachitika ndi chingwe choyipa cha nkhuni. Kupitilizanso ndi kutulutsa kwa malo amtundu wa nyumbayo kumachitika.
| 
| 
| 
|
17. M'miyala yotseguka ndi yakuya 1.8m, miyala yamchenga ndi mitsempha yomwe adapangidwa, adapindika, kenako adatsanulira zifukwa za 11m ndi 35cm kutalika.
18-19. Mphepete mwa chithunzicho chimalowa mu dzenje loyenerera pansi pa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, omwe amapangitsa kutayidwa kuchokera kunja kwa konkriti komanso momwe amanenera.
20.temmen mtundu wa maziko a Pile-Perpened. Ngati mikhalidwe ya zigawo zimalola, garaja, pansi ndi pambali yomwe ingalimbikitsidwe mbale ya monolithic ikhoza kupangidwa mu imodzi mwa "snvans" yake.
Chifukwa chake pang'onopang'ono ndikusankha chomangira chimodzi kupita ku lina, kuwalumikiza ngati pakufunika kutalika mu mbale - tsiku lililonse patsiku mkati mwa mapesi. Ntchito ya mmisiri yabwino yopendekera imafanana ndi ntchito ya wopusa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe akanadulidwa kuyenera kukhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri mu 3mm amawoneka kale. Mmisiri waspickerm amafunika kukhala wolonga pang'ono komanso womanga - onse ndi osiyana, ndipo muyenera kuwasankha aliyense payekhapayekha. Phunzirani zaka izi.
Monga kuyika, osati kugwira ntchito pamalo okwera, popanga chipika, phwando losavuta limagwiritsidwa ntchito: Crown amapangidwa poyamba, omasuka kugwira ntchito popanda nkhalango. Kenako chotsani korona wapamwamba, ikani pansi ndikupitilizabe kudula. Kuphatikiza pa kutalika kwa nyumbayo, opaleshoniyi imatha kubwerezedwa kangapo. Malinga ndi miyambo, khomalo la ku Norway limapereka kuti chilengedwe cha ma bolile tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayendetsa galimoto limodzi. Kusankhidwa kwawo ndi kawiri: kukhala thandizo kwa kapangidwe ka rafter ndi mkuwa wina ndi mnzake woyambayo. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kumatengera mbali yokhazikika padenga ndi kutalika kwa kutsogolo: Kutupa) kuchokera pamwamba pa korona, chachitatu chachitatu ndi chachinayi. Mlandu wanthawi yayitali wopangidwa ndi ma afiel'atians ", ndipo zikutanthauza kuti aliyense wa iwo sagwira awiri, koma korona atatu a komweko. Kunyamuka kutsika kwa chingwe cha tyton ndi 1.5m- mtengo wake ndi kuchuluka, apo ayi chiopsezo chomwe chimawoneka kuti mphamvu yakukwera yomwe ikukwera, padenga lidzagwa.
Nyumba ya chipika itakonzeka, khwangwala ake onse alembedwa ndikupanga khadi ya msonkhano. Kenako nyumba zopukutira zimasokonekeranso ndi magalimoto zimayendetsedwa ndi gulu la makasitomala pamsonkhano, lomwe limakonzedwa mogwirizana ndi kanyumba kanyumba.
| 
| 
| 
|
21-22.the черет <24 idayikidwa pansi wosanjikiza wa hydrohoteelisol, pa Refixxes 200550m wophatikizidwa ndi antiseptic. Adakhazikitsa nyumba yolowera, bafuta ya flask idayikidwa pakati pa korona.
23-24. Akuluakulu a maziko ndi ma inflaps amapangidwa ndi bar ndi gawo la 200100mm.
Njira Zomanga
Maziko. Dziwani kuti makhoma a 1m2 kuchokera pa boiler amalemera pafupifupi 800kg, ndipo nyumba ya 200m2 ili pafupifupi matani 120. Onjezani kuti matalala a nyumbayo ayenera kukhala owopsa .
Pa maziko, kampaniyo yapanga chiwembu chodalirika. Maenje otalika akuluakulu a 1.8m, momwe adasinthira mapilo amchenga ndi miyala yokhala ndi 20cm, kenako ndikuthira otchedwa 1 m 1m ndi 35cm kutalika. Mwachilengedwe, anali olimbikitsidwa ndi ndodo ndi mainchesi 12mm, omwe ali mu gawo 200mm. Makina apadera a mphatsozo adayiyika mawonekedwe ndi kuwerengera kotero kuti makhoma ake adapangidwa m'chigawo cha 40cm (nthawi zina, ngati chubu cha asbotic chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito), ndipo Chingwe chinaikidwa mkati mwake..
Kenako, pamphepete mwa mpanda wakunja ndi wamkati, adakhazikitsidwa kuti aponyeredwe gawo la 4040cm, ndikukweza pansi molingana ndi malo otsetsereka a tsamba (linali 25 cm). Nthawi yomweyo, m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe a mizati yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale mumizamu idalowa m'munsi mwa mawonekedwe okwera. Umboni wa zida zankhondo udayikiridwa, umakhala ndi mizere iwiri yolimbikitsira: Pansi pa ndodo yokhala ndi 25m, kuchokera pamwamba, 16mm kuyambira 16mm konkriti. Konkritiyo ikaumitsa, mawonekedwe akewo adachotsedwa ndikupanga otchedwa Reftur Kutulutsa dothi mozungulira zipilala. Pambuyo pake, adayamba kusonkhanitsa mpingo.
| 
| 
| 
|
25.Foska Flap ndi yolemera kwambiri, galimoto ya msonkhano idagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyambira korona woyamba.
26.Mkunja, nyumba ya ku Norway ili yabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuuma (padenga lazitsamba, koma kasitomala adasankha dengalo lamakono lopanda mpweya, lomwe lidakutidwa ndi matayala ofewa.
27. Kusintha kwa makoma a makoma kuchokera pakatikati ndi mbali yakunja idadulidwa kuti ikhale yolumikizidwa ndi nsalu yolimba kwambiri ndikukupera korona aliyense.
28. Nyumba itatengedwa, ikugwiridwa ku Windows, kuwona malamulo omwe amadziwika kuti mabatani aliwonse: Kudana ndi mikwingwirima kwa iwo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi iwo , komwe chilolezo chidadzazidwa ndi makulidwe adasiyidwa. Mafelemu a Window adalumikizidwa ku bokosi ili.
Kupanga nyumbayo. Makoma a nyumbayo kuchokera pa boiler, monga mawonekedwe ena aliwonse, adasonkhanitsidwa pamtengo wopanda tanthauzo, womwe umapereka kuuma kwa kapangidwe kake ndikuchotsa kuzunzidwa kwa korona. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha kutalika kwakukulu kwa chiwonetsero cha faucet, zozungulira za birch zinayikidwa (lalikulu poyendetsa pansi pa izi zitha kusweka). Zazitali zazitali ndi mbale zidasokonekera ndi wokwatirana naye. Posakhalitsa korona Wamtunda wapansi woyamba kukhazikitsidwa, wopangidwa mwapadera pafakitaleyo adaikidwa pafakitale, yomwe idapanga malo osakhalitsa, omwe adathandizira omangawo kuti asonkhane makhome pansi pa chipinda chachiwiri.
Mapangidwe mwachangu adamangidwa kuchokera ku bolodi ya mpikisano wa 20050 mmmero kutengera mitengo yamiyala ndipo korona wapamwamba wa makhoma, olumikiza ndi zinthu zomwe zimayenda. Kuspropylam kuchokera pamalowo adalumikizidwa ndi nthenga, kenako adabweretsa ma rack a crate. Kenako, pakati pa ziweto, zotupa za ubweya wandiweyani magawale 200mm adayikidwapo, yokutidwa ndi chinyezi, ndikusambitsa ma stove kuti asungunuke. (Njira yopangira denga lofananira lomwe lidafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu "IVD", 2008, NO 6, chifukwa chake tsatanetsatane sakanidwa khomalo kunja ndi mkati mwa nyumbayo ndi Zokongoletsera biolalet zimapangidwa. Kuchokera mkati mwake, adzawapanga pambuyo pake nyumbayo ikachitika ndipo idzauma, popanda mawonekedwe owoneka ngati nkhalango ya nkhuni ikuwonjezeka.
| 
| 
| 
|
29-32. Usiku kunja kwa nthawi yomweyo kumapeto kwa ntchitoyo kunakutidwa ndi kapangidwe kake koteteza komanso kokongoletsa, maziko am'mawa adalekanitsidwa miyala yachilengedwe yotsika mtengo. Patatha chaka chimodzi, kutetezedwa kokhazikika kunayikidwa pamakoma kuchokera mkati mwa nyumba. Onse ku Spartansky, momveka bwino, anthu ku Norway ndiwosavuta komanso wosangalatsa.
Okwera osati okha
Zoyenera kunena, kupanga nyumba yopuma mu mawonekedwe a ku Norway kuchokera ku chisangalalo cha Altai, kotero tiyeni tinene, osati wotsika mtengo. Koma zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe okongola, mtundu wa mtengo ndi machiritso ndi anthu omwe akukhalamo, zomwe zingakhale bwino kutsutsana ndi nyumba za odzikuza. Ita, ndi wotsimikizika kwa zaka 5.Kuyitana, Tinene Kuti Kukonzekera kwa nkhaniyi, Chimodzi Chodziwika Chomwe Chapita: Ngakhale kuti nyumba zomwe zidamangidwa paukadaulo waku Norwagna, apulumutsidwa ku Russia kwa zaka zingapo ... ku Norway , ndipo nthawi yomweyo m'maiko angapo ku Western Europe. Inde, Russian kumanzere, pomwe akufuna kwambiri, mwina zonse!
Kuwerengera kokulirapo kwa mtengo wake * Kupanga nyumbayo ndi malo onse 250m2, ofanana ndi omwe aperekedwa
| Dzina la Ntchito | Chiwerengero cha | Mtengo, pakani. | Mtengo, pakani. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amatenga nkhwangwa, makonzedwe, chitukuko ndi kupumula | 95m3 | 580. | 1005 100. |
| Chipangizo cha maziko "chidendene" pamchenga, zinyalala | 12m3 | 420. | 5040. |
| Chipangizo chamaziko a maziko a konkriti wokhazikika (ndi kukhazikitsa kwa zolimbitsa thupi ndi chipangizo chopanga) | 38 ma PC. | 2100. | 79 800. |
| Chipangizo cha mitengo ya maziko a konkriti yolimbikitsidwa 400400mm ndi kukweza mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe) | 78 Mapa. M. | 1850. | 144 300. |
| Kungoyang'ana | 45m3 | 480. | 21 600. |
| Ntchito Zina | konza | - | 7800. |
| Zonse | 313 640. | ||
| Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo | |||
| Konkriti m300 | 45m3 | 4500. | 202 500. |
| Miyala yosweka mwala, mchenga | 8m3 | - | 10,000 |
| Hydrosteclozol, tuminguous mastic | konza | - | 4500. |
| Zitchi, zopanga ziphato ndi zina | konza | - | 111 600. |
| Makina (Pampu ya Concetete) | konza | - | 21 000 |
| Zonse | 349 600. | ||
| Wonama wa ma cenar altai | |||
| Kupanga moto wamoto kuchokera laphant wa Centrar Cedar | 210m3 | 1500. | 3 255 000 |
| Sir Kupanga Patsambalo | 202m2 | 1780. | 359 560. |
| Zonse | 3 614 560. | ||
| Master of the mbuye wofewa (Folala) | |||
| Chipangizo cha rafter systers pamalipiro | 285m2 | 280. | 79 800. |
| Kutentha ndi ubweya wa mchere, hydro ndi vaparizolation | 245m2. | 220. | 93 900. |
| Chipangizo cholumikizira | 285m2 | 510. | 145 350. |
| Ma eaves ovala, svezov | 80m2 | 1350. | 108,000 |
| Windows Yakuda, Kuyika Windows | 25 ma PC. | 5200. | 130,000 |
| Ntchito Zina | konza | - | 12,000 |
| Zonse | 529 050. | ||
| Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo | |||
| Matanda a Sawn, Cedar, Pine | 28M. | 6800. | 190 400. |
| Zitsulo zolimbitsa thupi | konza | - | 31 000 |
| Steam, Mphepo ndi mafilimu othira madzi | 720M2. | 85. | 61 200. |
| Chotenthetsera kuchokera ku miyala yamiyala yowala (Roctooll) | 48M3. | 1880. | 90 240. |
| Mastern Tile Master, OsP 9mm | 285m2 | 580. | 165 300. |
| Windows Wawini Mabodi A Windows Offiew 42mm | konza | - | 492 000 |
| Makina otulutsa madzi (mapaipi, matumbo, bondo, ma classi) | konza | - | 58 500. |
| Zipangizo Zina | konza | - | 24,000 |
| Zonse | 1 112 640. | ||
| * - Kuwerengera kumapangidwa popanda kupembedza, kunyamula ndi ndalama zina, komanso phindu la kampaniyo |
Osintha zikomo kwambiri "Red Brity" kuti athandizidwe pokonza zinthu ndi zithunzi zomwe zidaperekedwa.