Mankhwala opindika zamakoma ndi jenda: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuperekera, ukadaulo wamakonzedwe azokha ndi zakunja. Ndemanga Msika
Thermo roll Gutrat (Kniaf) ndi lofewa kukhudza, zotanuka, sizingadulidwe, sizisweka. Zinthuzo ndizosavuta kudula, ndipo zikaikidwa, palibe kuyesetsa kwakuthupi. Kusungunuka ndikosavuta kusunga ndi kunyamula, chifukwa kumapanikizika pampando oposa 5
Kutulutsa kuchokera mkati kumayambira kuyika pachimake cha chonyamulira. Ma rack adayikidwa mu zowonjezera za 1-2 cm ochepera kuposa kutalika kwa mphasa, kotero kuti mbalezo zimapangitsa velocity popanda zowonjezera
Wopanga U. Kalkoya
Chithunzi E.Kulibaba
M'lifupi mwake kutentha, zinthu zolimbitsa mawu zimafanana ndi mitundu ya mapangidwe. Kupatula kumayikidwa molondola ngati kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi chimango kuyimirira ndi mpanda. Chifukwa chodula, mpeni wapadera umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa zinthuzo kumapangitsa kuti kukhudzidwa ndi kukhudzidwa, kumachepetsa mapangidwe a fumbi, kumalepheretsa khungu
Anthu okhala ndi nyumba zotchinga, nyumba zotsirizira kapena iwo omwe ali pachipinda choyambirira pam'madzi, kapena ku utoto, kudandaula za kuzizira kwa makoma ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika ndi zitsulo zozizira. Kodi ndizotheka kupanga nyumba zoterezi, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamagetsi zamakono?
M'dziko lathu, kumene miyezi isanu pachaka, kutentha kwapakati kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi pansi 0s, nyumba yotentha yokha imawoneka ngati yomasuka. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa makina obowola a nyumbayo (pafupifupi 50%) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso kutentha kwa mawindo ndi zitseko. Ngati zonse zili mu mawindo, khonde ndi zitseko za khothi, ndipo m'nyumbazo zikuzizirabe, tcherani khutu pansi ndi makoma. Matayala otaya kutentha kudzera 40%. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba zapaderali, zolimbikitsira nthiti za konkriti zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo komanso malo osauka omwe ali ndi vuto la ma exppener omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pamayendedwe akulu. Njira imodzi yosinthira nyumba yozizira yotentha kwambiri pamakoma ndi jenda ndi mafuta opindika.
Mbale ndi mphaka kuchokera ku thovu ndi ubweya
Pakutuwa kwa nyumba, zida zochokera ku mwala ndi ubweya wagalasi, kuphatikizapo zophuka za polystyrene, kuphatikizapo zidakwawiridwa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake.
Mchere wamtali kwambiri wamafuta kwambiri umatulutsa kuchokera pakusungunuka kwa miyala yamapiri: basalt, pormphritis, diabaji. Amakhala ulusi wochepa thupi komanso wosinthika, kuphatikiza ndi zopangidwa (zotsatira-foroldehyde) kumanga. Zinthuzo zili ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso zolimbitsa thupi, zolimba kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha, zimakhala zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zamankhwala zamankhwala. Mtundu wa miyala ndi wa gulu lazinthu zosasintha. Komanso, amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa lawi. Chovuta cha ubweya wa ubweya wa mchere ndi nthunzi zambiri. Zowonjezera za hydrophobiza voliyumu yonse imalepheretsa mapangidwe onyowa mkati mwazinthuzo. Kupatula apo, nthunzi, kukhazikika m'matumba ake, amachepetsa kwambiri kukana kwa mafuta. Izi ndizotheka ndi kapangidwe kosafunikira.
Chithunzi 1. | 
Chithunzi 2. |
Heatel kuchokera ku utoto wa miyala pazakudya pamatabwa ( chimodzi ) Ndipo pa konkriti ( 2. ). Pakachitika milanduyi, zongoyang'ana konkriti sizilumikizana ndi nyumba yonseyo, motero phokoso logwedezeka silinafanane ndi zipinda zina, ndiye kuti, zosonyeza kuti matenthedwe nthawi yomweyo amalimbikitsa mawu
Komabe, kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe a phenol formalde inka kumatsimikizira kutuluka kwawo kwa nthawi yayitali. Zachidziwikire, sizikupitilira malire ololedwa, koma kuphatikiza ndi magwero ena, mwachitsanzo, mipando yochokera ku chiplodi, ndipo mawonekedwe odetsedwa sawonjezera thanzi. Mu msika waku Russia, kutchinjiriza kuchokera ku ubweya wa basalt michere imayimiriridwa ndi Parland (Finland), Stotwool (Denvat), izothek (Rusvat).
Zida zopangira za ubweya wagalasi ndizakudya zobiriwira (Quartz mchenga, kuwerengera Soda, sodium sulfate iyo.d.) ndi nkhondo yagalasi. Unyinji wa chisumbucho chimapangidwa ndi zithunzi zagalasi. Amakhala ochepa komanso 5-10 nthawi yayitali kuposa ubweya wa miyala. Zinthu zimakula bwino. Amasunthika mosavuta mukamanyamula, kenako amabwezeretsa mawonekedwe oyambira. Galimoto yamakono yamakono - yosavuta komanso yofewa kukhudza. Sizipereka katundu wambiri pa nyumbayo, osakhala osakanikirapo, amakana kwambiri zovuta.
Kwa ubweya wagalasi, kuthekera kotengera chinyezi kumakhala kakhalidwe, ndipo mkoko wothina umataya voliyumu yake yoyambirira pakapita nthawi (shrinkaged imachitika). Njira ya "Galasi ya njuga ndi yovulaza" m'maganizo a anthu aku Russia omwe amakhala akutanthauza "Soviet". Kugona bwino komanso kutsekeka kwa nthunzi kapena zambiri zamakono. Dziwani kuti fumbi laumbanda, lomwe limapangidwa pakapangidwe kapena kuvala. Izi ndizotheka pazomwe zimapangidwa ndi zida zosenda. Isureni (France- Russia), Kniaf (Russia-Germany), Ura (Russia-Spain), Turkey) amapangidwa.
Lingaliro lina lotchuka la kutchingira ndi polystyrene ndikuyika thovu la polystyrene. Kukula kwakumapeto kuli maselo ambiri otsekeka omwe samalumikizana wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, madzi ophatikizika kuposa mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthuzo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukhazikika kwa kukula kwa geometric.
Komabe, polystyrene wopondaponda mafuta (komabe, komanso chithovu chosawerengeka ndi zinthu zina zolengedwa). Zowona, chifukwa cha zomwe zimayendera m'malawi, zomwe zimachepetsa mpweya womwe uli pamavuto amoto, mwachitsanzo, tepplex35, ura (mitundu yonse), 31 / 35.
Tikuwona nyuzi ina: mbale za zotupa za polystyrene sikokwanira kwa zovuta za ortic sol. Opanga chithovu cha polystyrene ndi alemlex, penicallex (ku Russia), Dow Chemical (Styrofoam, USA), USAS.
Zida zopindika zimapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mats (masikono), omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina, ndi mitsuko ya kuuma kosiyanasiyana. Kuchulukitsa kwa mbale, ndipo chifukwa chake, mphamvu zosonyeza, zabwino zimakhala ndi katundu wapadera pamakina kapena kugwirira ntchito (poyerekeza zida za mitundu imodzi).
Zindikirani
Mukakhazikitsa matenthedwe otenthetsera m'nyumba, zinthu zingapo zofunika kuzilingalira. Choyamba, chovala chapamwamba kwambiri cha kusokonezeka ndi mbali yofunda, popanda ming'alu ndi chilema chilichonse chokhazikitsa, chofunikira kuti muchepetse kulowera kwa nthunzi ndipo chifukwa cha chinyezi. Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kuganiza kuti mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi ntchito ya parobarar amasiya "kupumira" ndipo angafunike kukhazikitsa mpweya wabwino kuti muwonjezere mpweya. Chifukwa chake, choyamba, muyenera kuyang'ana kuti mavunguwo amagwira bwino ntchito. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinthu ngati izi, pokonza zipinda zina, mabokosi amabokosi amachepetsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa konse, ngakhale kuti ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti zinthu ngati izi ndizosaloledwa. Komabe, mpweya wabwino umatha kugwira ntchito popanda gawo lapadera la mpweya wabwino. M'nyumbamo pomwe mawindo owoneka bwino ndi mawindo osindikizidwa amaikidwa, ma valves kapena khoma azikhala ndi khoma.
Khoma "akulira"
Awo amene akufuna kukhala malo ogona, ndikofunikira kudziwa nyuzizo ndi ukadaulo wa ntchito yomwe ikubwerayi. Kwa anthu okhala pa nyumba zozizira kwambiri, zosintha za makoma a khomalo mwina ndi njira imodzi yokha ya m'nyumba. Koma, kukhazikitsa chosanjikiza kuchokera mkatimo, timaphwanya mfundo yofunika yomwe ikunena kuti: Vapor yomwe ikuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka anthu ambiri iyenera kuchuluka kuchokera mkati kuchokera kunja. Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zikuwopseza kuti kuphwanya kwake, tikufotokozera: Mu mpweya nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi nthunzi yamadzi. Komanso, m'chipinda chofunda, ndende yake ndi yayikulu kuposa kuzizira. Chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe kumapsinjika kwamadzi amkati ndi kunja kwa khoma, kusiyanasiyana kosalekeza kwa nthunzi kuchokera m'chipinda chofunda kunja kwa chipinda chakunja.
Chifukwa chake, nthunzi zamadzi, kudutsa mosavuta kudzera pakukuturutsa, kupunthwa pa chopingacho mawonekedwe a khoma ndikugwetsa pansi. Vutoli limakulitsidwa chifukwa chakuti kutentha kwapamalo pansi pa chosaka chamiya chomwe sichikudutsa kutentha kwa chipinda chochenjera chimakhala chotsika. Jeremma akuyenera kuti kutentha kwake kudzakhala pansi pa mame. ATO idzasokoneza kutaya. Chinyontho chochuluka chimatsogolera pang'onopang'ono kuwononga ndikuwonongeka kwa malo ake. Ndi chinyezi chambiri cha khoma ndi kutchinjiriza, madziwo atuluka pansi, ndipo malo onyowa nthawi zonse aziphimba nkhungu ndi bowa. Zotsatira zakuchulukirachulukira chinyezi chimakhala kuzizira kapangidwe kake ndi kuwonongeka kwake mwachangu.
Ogula omwe adakumana ndi mavuto ngati amenewa amawaganizira zomwe zimayambitsa katundu kapena mtundu wosafunika wa kutchinjiriza, pokhulupirira kuti iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mtundu wina wa makulidwe ena. Chifukwa chake, chilichonse chomwe chimayikidwa mkati mwa chonyamula chidzatha kuthana ndi ntchito yake, koma pokhapokha chitetezo chake chodalirika chopanda chinyezi ndi malo okhalamo.
Mapulogalamu osokoneza
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Njira yolondola ya 1: Zotetezedwa zokutira zimatetezedwa ku chinyontho kuchokera ku chinyezi kuchokera kurigilarrier;
Njira ya 2-Erroneous: Ma Vaprors Madzi kuchokera kumalo okhala kudutsa pamlingo wa makulidwe ndikugwedezeka pakhoma lozizira. Ngati kutentha kwake kuli pansi pa mame, nthunzi imasanduka madontho ndikuyenda pansi
Kudzipatula kwathunthu
Makonzedwe a zokutira zamkati mwakuthupi ndi zosatheka "Idyani" gawo lina la malo okhala. Koma mu chinyengo chamkati pali nthawi zabwino. Itha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Inde, ndipo sikuti makoma onse a nyumbayo ayenera kusokonekera, koma kungoyang'ana msewu, zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana za komwe kutentha kumatheka.Mapangidwe ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsa limatsimikizira mtundu wa zotumphukira. Chifukwa chake, mats odekha ndi masitoto amakhazikitsa motsutsana pakati pa ziwonetsero zamitengo kapena chitsulo. Ma stove amavala wina ndi mnzake ndikuyika kukhoma ndi mbale yamiyendo, makamaka ndi pachimapulasi. Pambuyo pake, nkhope imakutidwa ndi nthunzi yolumikizira filimu kuchokera ku polythylene kapena zojambula zodalirika kwambiri. Zidutswa za filimuyo zimakhala ndi Jack ya intaneti kapena masharubu, komanso kulumikizana kwawo kumasindikizidwa ndi scotch. Nthawi yomweyo, m'mphepete mwa makanema 1-2 masentimita shaft yolumikizira: makoma, denga, pansi, zotseguka zenera, zochuluka kwambiri zimati yita. Kanema wa Kzzthesty amadzaza filimu yotetezeka Pamwamba pa zigawo zikulukira antiseptic matabwa (4020 / 10mm) ndi gawo 60cm. Amakonzedwa mwachindunji kukhoma ndi madera komanso zojambula zodzikongoletsera, ndipo dubeli m'thumba ladzaza ndi silicone sealant. Crate imayikidwa glc kapena gvl, yomwe ndi maziko a kumaliza.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala madandaulo a kuzizira ngati ngodya zoweta. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chakuti ili pakona kuti chingwe cha mabokosi a mazira amayikika, ndipo chisungunuke chikuyambanso kutsamira. Zitsulo zimachotsa kutentha ndipo, makamaka, zimakhala "mlatho wozizira". Chifukwa chake, ndikoyenera kuyika ma racks kutali ndi ma ngolo pomwe makutu ayenera kukhala akuchepa ndi kusokonekera.
Vuto lina lililonse - kuyimitsa miyeso yamagetsi yokhala ndi mipata. Kusanjikiza kwawo pamalowo kuyenera kukhala kosalekeza. Ndi nthawi imodzi ya makoma ndi jenda pamayendedwe awo, oyenda bwino a zokongoletsera zamafuta ayenera kuperekedwanso kuti "milatho" yozizira isachitike m'malo awa.
Tatyana Stirnova,
Katswiri wa katswiri wa kampani rockwool Russia
Mafani amayenda opanda nsapato
Mu Chilamulo cha Malamulo achinyengo, kapangidwe kake kalikonse komwe kamasokonekera kunja, osati kuchokera mkatimo, kumakhala kothandizanso. Ndiye kuti, kutentha kwa kutentha ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mbali yozizira. Kwa eni nyumba pamalo oyamba pa mobisa, njira yabwino ndikukambirana ndi zothandiza padendenti. Iwo omwe alephera kupeza chilankhulo chogwirizana ndi oimira nyumba zamagetsi, muyenera kuyika chimbudzi pansi pa nyumbayo. Ndikukondweretsa kokha kuti nthawi yozizira mu chipinda chapansi osakhazikika kwa 5-10s yotentha kuposa mumsewu. Kutentha kwa kutentha pakati pa chipinda chapansi ndi malo okhala pansi kokha kumachepera pakati pa zipinda ndi msewu. Zotsatira zake, pali zinthu zochepa kusokonekera pansi.
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Kwa kusokonekera kwa Loggia, mbale za polystyrene zikwangwani za ursaxps zasankha. Ndi mafuta osokoneza bongo, nkhaniyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kuposa kutanthauza kutentha kuchokera ku ubweya waubweya wa miyala ndi thovu la thovu. Chifukwa chake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu obisika kwambiri, omwe ali oyenera kudera laling'ono la chipinda chophatikizidwa. Zinthuzo zili ndi zolimba kwambiri komanso mphamvu - idayikidwa popanda chimango
Funso loyenera lingabuke: Kodi makulidwe ndi kachulukidwe ayenera kusokonezeka kwa pansi kapena makoma a nyumbayo? Kodi ndikufunika kuchita ma secration machinesholor? Akatswiri amakampani ambiri ali okonzeka kuwerengera kutengera deta ya polojekiti ndi miyezo yomanga. Njira yosavuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu owerengera omwe adalemba patsamba la makampani. Kuti muchite izi, lembani gawo la "Zowerengera" ndikulowetsa magawo ofunikira.
Ambiri mwa akatswiri omwewo amanena kuti kusokonekera ngakhale makulidwe (50mm) komanso kachulukidwe kamatha kusintha kusintha kwa nyengo ya mzindawo.
Koma kubwerera ku makulidwe pansi. Ntchito zimayamba ndikuchotsa zida zonse musanadutse. Kumanzere ndikutsukidwa. Imayikidwa pa mbale yake yolimba ya kuperewera, cholinga chake cha kusokonezeka kwa pansi, ndi madzi omwe amatulutsa madzi ndi wosanjikiza wamisala. Pamwamba pa iwo, oyimilira (4cm wandiweyani) wolimbikitsidwa ndi ma aya aya. Nthawi yomweyo, kulumikizana ndi makhoma ndi makoma ofukula sikuyenera kupulumutsidwa, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha woonda woonda polyethylene. Kenako owala popanda mavuto adzapulumuka kutentha kulikonse, sikungaswe, kuvina kwazovala zokongola kapena miyendo chabe pansi sikudzafalikira ku makhoma. Pambuyo pake, zimangogwirizana ndi malamulo omwe amalembedwa kuti akaikidwe chophimba. Kapangidwe kotereku kumatha kuwonongeka mokwanira katundu wamkulu, wotheka mu chipinda chogona: kukhazikitsa piyano, magetsi amasula.p.
Njira yosavuta yotengera katundu pamoto ndikuyika kwa chimbudzi pakati pa lag ndi sitepe ya 60 cm, yomwe imayikidwa mwachindunji pa konkriti. Pamwamba pa lag, ikani chosanjikiza cha chotchinga cha vapor, ndipo zikakhazikika pansi pa zokutira. Kwa nyumba za nyumba yakale, zokutira zamagetsi zimayikidwa pakati pa malo opondera. Mwachidule, pakatundu uliwonse uliwonse, matekinoloje ena a masitima apangidwa.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Pakutulutsa zopangira makoma akunja, ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kuchokera ku chithovu cha polystyrene. Choyamba, chifukwa cha moyo wotsika kwambiri, wopezera zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, zokutira zazing'ono zomwe zimafunikira poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina zopindika. Kachiwiri, kuwonongeka kwa polystyrene sikunamiririka, chifukwa chake kutentha kumatchinga katundu sikuwonongeka. Pamene mafuta ogwiritsira ntchito mafuta safunikira kukhazikitsa vaporinolation.
Alexander Bujanov,
Mutu wa malo ophunzitsira a USAU Eurasia
Kukulitsa malo ofunda
Anthu ambiri a m'matauni, akufuna kuwonjezera malo awo, aphatikize makonde ndi nyadi kwa malo okhala. Pano popanda kukutuwa kowonjezereka, musachite. Kupatula apo, popanga makoma awo, jenda ndi padenga, ntchito yopulumutsa kutentha kwambiri sikunayikitsidwe. Mfundo zodziwika bwino za Loggia ndizofanana ndi zomwe tafotokoza kale. Nthawi yomweyo, malo awo aang'ono ndi kutalika kwa denga kumeza zomwe zimasamutsa kutentha kumapereka mbale yocheperako.
Tikukhulupirira kuti kusankha koyenera kwa zinthu ndikutsatira mfundo zoyambira kutentha kwamkati kumabweretsa chilengedwe cha mavidiyo.
Otsatsa zikomo "zolembera" za "Saint-Goerben", Ura Eurasia, rosewlool Russia ikuthandizira pokonzekera nkhaniyo.