Nyumba zotetezedwa za Windows: Kapangidwe ka kottice, mitundu ya zotsekera, kugwiritsa ntchito zotchinga zamakono, njira zopangira malonda. Ndemanga Msika
Chithunzi k. Manko.
Ruller osenda (oyendetsa) adawonekera ku Italy kumapeto kwa Xihwek. Poyamba, zikondwerero zawo zidapangidwa ndi mitengo yamitengo yolumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake. Mulingo ndi aluminium adabwera kudzalowa m'malo mwake
Ambiri opanga mawindo matabwa amapangidwa ndikutchingira kuchokera zomwezi. Mutha kungowadzudzula athunthu ali ndi zenera.
Chithunzi m.stepanov
Kuyika kwa Laman mu zofananira kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mupange chipinda chokhala ndi zotsekedwa, koma mapangidwewo ndi ocheperako
Chithunzi k. Manko.
Ma grilles a Window amatha kukhala ndi zotseguka za m'lifupi mwake, kutalika ndi kasinthidwe. Monga polamula mawindo, katswiri wochokera ku kampaniyo abwera kwa inu ndikupanga, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, ma terclates amachokera ku plywood kapena ortita apanga malo. Zolakwika m'mayeso zimatsogolera ku zovuta zazikulu pokhazikitsa
Chithunzi m.skspanova, D.vnnivtser
Chojambula cha Windowt Chingwecho chiyenera kukhala choyenera mu kapangidwe ka Getoni ya General.
Ma grid amakonzeka okhala ndi loko lopanda kanthu ndi ofukula
Chimodzi mwa zolakwa za ma casetices- osakhalitsa "kuwonetsera pawindo
Windows pamtunda wachiwiri wa nyumbayo amafunika kutetezedwa popanda ocheperako
Dongosolo lomwe lili ndi mavulo ndi lotsika mtengo kuposa lokoka bolt, koma osadalirika
Mapangidwe a zitsulo za lamellae: pini yachitsulo;
B - Z-Lamella wowoneka;
Kuteteza sash ya chitoliro cha makona akona
Opanga amatha kupanga zotsekera zotseguka. Ngati ndi kotheka, chitoliro chilichonse chimapangidwa ndi zotambirana, kuzilumikiza ndi malupu ngati khomo- "Kodi Ulaliki"
Zotchinga zotchinga ndi zotchingira zimagwirizana ndi ma eaves ophatikizika
Zikwangwani zochokera ku aluminired alumunamu wa chiwonongeko. Wodziwika (Cardian) amayendetsa zodalirika komanso zosavuta kuthana nazo
Kugwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa kutali, mutha kutsitsa otchinga pa mawindo onse nthawi yomweyo
Maonsowa a mpukutuwo, chifukwa chake, kukula kwa mtanda wopingasa kumadalira kutalika kwa canvas (kutalika kwa zenera)
Chithunzi k. Manko.
Bokosi lomangidwa-lokhazikika limachepetsa kutsegulira kuwala, koma ndi ochepa
Kutumiza bokosi kutsekera m'makoma, ntchito yomanga isanachitike ndi akatswiri omwe amapereka matekinoloje omwe amapereka matekinoloje omwewo ndikusintha ku ntchito ya nyumbayo. Nichesik zam'madzi sizitha
Kupanga zenera loteteza:
Bokosi labwino;
Opanda kanthu;
Volo;
G-Window Stock
Kusowa, pomwe msonkhano waphatika watsekedwa ndi chimango;
B-pindani ndi chokongoletsera chakunja chokha;
Kumangirira pamalo otsetsereka
Ofufuza akatswiri, kuweruza ofufuza, osasamala za luso lawo, koma pochita zomwe amayesetsa kuti athetse ndalama zochepa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nyumba zomwe zili ndi mawindo opanda chitetezo ndizokongola kwambiri kwa iwo.Yembekezerani kuti kapangidwe kake kalikonse kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa kwa owukira, eni malo ogulitsa nyumba ndi nyumba zomaliza zokhalamo ndi zomaliza za malo a matauni siziyenera kutero. Chonde dziwani kuti "katswiri" ndikwanira kuponyera mawonekedwe amodzi pa zomwe zakhalako zokha komanso momwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuyesa kuthekera kwa chipindacho. Inde, ndipo ma Hoolians ophweka amatha kuyesa "dzino" lanu. Kuthana ndi vuto lothana ndi "mokondera" sikungagwire ntchito (nyumba zoteteza forzeres pafupifupi sizikuperekanso kiyi kunja), ndizogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu (kukana kuba) - koyamba. Zimatengera chimodzimodzi kuchokera ku mtundu wa malonda ndi njira ya kukhazikitsa kwake. Komabe, mphamvu zolimba mphamvu, komabe sitikufuna kuti nyumba yathu yomwe timakonda kuti tikumbutse malo ogulitsira, bungwe kapena, makamaka, makamaka, makamaka m'ndende. Tidzadziwa, kufunikira kumabwera bwino kuwonekera mwaluso nyumbayo, chifukwa otsekera, ndi khungu la zitsulo masiku ano (zotchinga zodzikongoletsera) zitha kukhala zokongoletsera. Kschastina, msika wamakono umapereka zinthu zokongola komanso zogwira ntchito.
NJIRA YABWINO KWAMBIRI
Mawindo ku Russia, akale, otetezedwa ndi ozimitsa matabwa. Ma skewl vkurnye amayesedwa, kusunthira kumakomawo kumamera (mipiringidzo yokhala ndi poyambira osankhidwa mwa iwo), inali lingaliro lofunikira pawindo. Mawindo oterewa amatchedwa nkhafoni. Kuvula galasi la shutter (kugwedeza kale) kunakhala chitetezo chowonjezera pa chisanu komanso dzuwa lotentha, ndipo, inde, kuchokera ku Shorhumment pa katundu. Kutsekera limodzi ndi mapepala nthawi zambiri kunali okongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zovuta.
Zotchingira matabwa komanso masiku ano nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri za malo akunja a nyumbayo. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya otsekedwa: mapani (ogulitsidwa), purley (ndi ndodo kuchokera ku chimango ndi kuyikidwa) ndi Lamella (malate). Nthawi yomweyo, kukhazikika kokhazikika kwa miyala yolimba, kumalimbitsa mikwingwirima ndi ngodya, komanso kukhala ndi loko lankhondo kapena dongosolo la mavasi, limatha kuteteza nyumba yanu.
Onse akunjaChifukwa cha kufupika kotsika mtengo komanso kuphweka kopanga kwa kanjedza pakati pa nyumba zoteteza pakati pa mawindo, grilles yotsekedwa yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwabe. Zinthu zomwe zimawadwa nazo zimapangidwa makamaka ndi ndodo yokhala ndi mainchesi 10-18mm, mizere ya 12, 14, 16mm ndi 4m, 1614, 1614m. Kukonzekera magawo ena, amawongoleredwa ndi thandizo la pulogalamu yamagetsi yoloseza, ndikupanga dongosolo. Kukula kwa nkhonya nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito ngodya ndi alumali kukula 20, 30 kapena 40mm, koma nthawi zambiri kumawononga popanda iwo. Iyenera kuphatikizika m'maganizo mwathunthu ndi mtunda wambiri (wopitilira 200 pakatikati pa ndodo kapena makulidwe opangidwa kuchokera kumphesa ochepera 4mm amatenga gawo la chitetezo chamakhalidwe. Kuti muwapatse ndi hacksaw (ndipo ojambula "ena" azitha kugwira ntchito ndi otumphukira ndi zazitali), zimakhala zochepa. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mainchesi osachepera 16mm kapena lalikulu ndi gawo la mtanda kuyambira 1414mm, pamenepa, owukira adzafuna zida zamagetsi kapena autogen. Kuphatikiza ma rentines osiyanasiyana ndikuthira zopindika, zopindika mu template, komanso zinthu zazing'ono zokhalamo, mutha kupanga njira yolumikizira yotseguka.
Monga lamulo, opanga amaperekanso mitundu yambiri yamisala yokhala ndi "njira" yofala "yofananirayo, kotero, kuti apange mawonekedwe. Ma griel olima udzu amatenga ma ruble 1-3,000. Kwa 1M2, kutengera gawo la mtanda la wokutidwa, zovuta za mawonekedwe ndi njira yopenta. Makasitomala amatha kusintha zina mwa kapangidwe kazinthu, ndikulosera kuphatikiza kwina kwa magawo, koma mtengo wake udzakhala wa 25-50% wapamwamba.
Mipata yochuluka kwambiri yopangira mapangidwe a pawindo omwe amapereka msonkhano kuchokera ku zinthu zopunthwitsa, chifukwa chokonzekera hydraul omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sizosavuta kusiyanitsa zinthu ngati izi kuchokera ku Wizhor: Magawowo ndi ovuta, ndipo njira zosinthira zamanja zimasokonekera pachitsulo ndi kudalirika kwakukulu. IWA zinthu izi sizimadzinamizira kuti mawonekedwe ake. Zogulitsa zomwezo ndizopambana pamphamvu: Ndi mwayi wotchedwa Free, wotchedwa Free, wosungunuka (Kusungunuka pamtunda wamtunda) wachitsulo, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala abwino. Dzanja lopepuka, monga kuponya, kusilira pansi pa zakale, nthawi zina zimapangitsa mazira omwe ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni, koma nthawi yomweyo chinthu chokwera mtengo kwambiri. Mtengo wa 1M2 Chilattice zopangidwa ndi makina opanga makina ndi kuchokera ku ma ruble 2.5, ndipo amapangidwa ndi ma ruble okwana zikwi 5,000. Kwa 1M2.
Chithunzi 1. | 
Chithunzi 2. | 
Chithunzi 3. |
Chithunzi 4. | 
Chithunzi 5. | 
Chithunzi 6. |
2. Zinthu zosamvetseka zakhazikika, monga masiku akale, pogwiritsa ntchito ma claves
3. Kapeti imakupatsani mwayi wopanga zokongoletsera, kuchokera ku geometric yosavuta ku masamba ovuta kwambiri, zoomirphic kapena kubzala
4. Kupereka zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, zina mwa magawo ake zidakhazikika pansi pa bronze
5. Kupeza Miyambo, Matambo Opangidwa Mayendedwe Nthawi Zina Zimakongoletsedwa Ndi VensLes
6.Kodi chimangopangidwa chopangidwa ndi ndodo
Ndikofunikira kuti malonda anu akondwere nanu ndi mawonekedwe anu. Atorly imatengera njira yotetezera ndi kutetezedwa kwake. Zingwe zotsika mtengo zotsika mtengo za alkyd zimapereka zaka 1-2, enamel samen (Denmark), Tikkurila (Finland), nyundo 4-5. Pamango - kukonza ndi kapangidwe kake (mitundu yoyambira: mkuwa, wobiriwira, wapinki) - pansi pa kusatsatira tekinoloje kwa zaka 10. Chitsimikizo pa ufa wa ufa uli ndi zaka 20, zokutidwa ndi ma ruble 2 zikwi ziwiri. Kwa 1m2).
Iyenera kukumbukira kuti pokhazikitsa makoma okhazikika ndi mapepala onse, potero akuphwanya malamulo oteteza moto (tsamba 40 ppb 01-03), kuswa njira yosungirako zakunyumba kapena nyumba. Kutsatira miyambo, imodzi mwa gridis iyenera kupangika. Kulunjika kwa sash yamakono za mtundu uwu kumapangidwa ndi chitoliro cha makona akona kapena lalikulu, nthawi zina, kuchokera pakona. Chovala chochokera ku SASH amalandidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mfuti (mzere wachitsulo, kuwombera malo otsekedwa pakati pa SASTE) ndikupanga mawonekedwe a matope omwe ali ndi mapangidwewo ndipo alibe burlary yokwanira). Makina azitsulo amapangidwa kuchokera pazitsulo ndikulengedwa - kutulutsa kampani "masika", "Roskada", "Elor Exror" - Russia) Idr.
Memo kwa munthu wopanga munthu
1. Mukamamanga nyumba yam'manja kuchokera ku ma cellular (shuga-sluete, ma scerete stacktete madontho.) Lingaliro lofunikira kuteteza Windows limatengedwa bwino pakumanga makoma. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wopereka chizindikiro m'mayendedwe a ndodo zolimbikitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa 50mm, komwe kumachiritsa cha malawi kapena bokosili chimadzaza.
2. Ngati polojekitiyi imapereka mawindo omwe akuwoloka ndipo mukufuna kukhazikitsa chotsekera pa iwo, kambiranani nkhaniyi ili ndi womanga foni musanayambe kumanga.
3. Malo Oknny amakhala ndi bwino kwambiri pakatikati pakuya kwa kuyambika kapena kuwalira pachipindacho. Izi sizingodziteteza galasi kuti lisavulalire, komanso limapereka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo paketi yoteteza.
4. Equenously, zomangamanga zimayikidwa kumapeto kwa nyumbayo (popata, kutumizidwa.).
Monga kaleSinthani zotsekera zitsulo ndizofunikira pakati pa eni nyumba. Pali mitundu iwiri yotseka: Osago ndi Lamella. Ndi ena ndipo ena amakhala ndi bokosi (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa pakona), wopangidwa kuchokera pakona kapena chitoliro cha gawo la makona (4020 kapena 5030 mm) ndi nduna.
Otsekera otsekeka osenda ndi ma sheet a 1.5-2.2mmmiyuniwa, kuwotchera chimango kuchokera ku chitoliro cha makona a rectangular, koma ngolo (kuphatikizira kwamitundu yofanana ndi nthiti zamkati Kuuma kwa sash ayi; komabe, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana sash kukhala ndi zikhomo zotsutsana ndi zonyansa zomwe zimalepheretsa ndalama zokutira kapena kudula malupu). Zotsekeka zotere ndizoyenera kwambiri kwa iwo omwe 'avala "kunyumba nthawi yachisanu. Zindikirani moona mtima: Kutseguka kotseguka, komanso kotsekedwa kumawoneka okongola kwambiri. Koma mchaka cha masika, sush imatha kuchotsedwa pamilandu, ndipo zimapangidwa mwa dzito zokha.
Kwa otupa a Lamella m'malo mwa pepala lachitsulo, nthawi zambiri limakhala lamelolas (m'lifupi 30- 50mm ndi 2mm ndi 2mm ndi 2mments. Makampani ena amapangidwira kulamula ofiira ndi lamellas a chitsulo 4mmm. Lamellas kapena kuwotchera kwa mawonekedwe a malo okwanira (aliyense wa iwo amakonzedwa mu mfundo zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi), kapena kuyika mu ma grooves odulidwa mu laser mu nkhokwe imodzi mwa mbiri. Njira yomaliza ndi yokwera mtengo, koma imakupangitsani kuti zigawemba za kuwala. Tsekani zotsekera pa mavumu apamwamba komanso otsika, kapena pakhosi yapadera yofanana. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yotseguka, malo otseguka, omwe samapereka chiwonetsero cha mphepo kuti atseke shash. Zotseka zimatha kupangidwa ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana: okhazikika, ozungulira, atatu, osakwatiwa, awiri-, atatu- ndi anayi- ndi zinayi-zitatu ndi zinayi. Makampani ambiri aku Russia akupanga zotsekera ("metrellmanthazserisvice", "osewerera atsopano", "Eldar" Idr), kuphimba ndi ecomels envels. Pali otsekera ozizira kuchokera ku ma ruble 3.5. Kwa 1m2, Lamella ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri - pafupifupi ma ruble 7,000. Kwa 1M2.
Panjira yatsopanoMumzinda wa zotchingira zosefukira ndi njira yayikulu yoyambira. Ngati otchingle, amakulolani kuti mutsegule kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zotchingira zodzitchinjiriza zamakono, zimatha kukhala ndi drive yamagetsi (kuphatikizapo maofesi akutali), maofesi anzeru amayankha kusintha kwa nyengo, kapena njira yotsegulira ndikutseka. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito khungu ndi: nsalu yopangidwa ndi lamellae yolumikizidwa, imatsekera pamagetsi omwe ali m'mbali mwa kutsegula. Zimakhala pa shaft, imachotsedwa m'bokosi, ndipo shaft ikazungulira mbali inayo, icho chimatsika ndi cholakwa chake. Anakonzanso malo omwe tsamba limakhazikika ndi chipangizo choyimilira kapena kuthokoza pamapangidwe a shaft ndi bokosi (zambiri za chipangizo cha akhungu akhungu, onani "Novd". 9 ya 2002).
Kukaniza kwakhungu kwakhungu kumadalira makamaka pazomwe zimachitika. Omaliza amapangidwa ndi divirumin (ogudubuzika ndi zitsulo) kapena zitsulo zolumikizira (kuchokera ku Genevanid Stoll-Stoll-steved steel groel 0.8-1.2mmm wandiweyani. Amakhala kuchokera ku aluminium otayika okhala ndi ma nthiti amkati, olimba kuposa kugudubuza thonje ndi thonje. Mawaya opangidwa ndi chitsulo chamiyala ali ndi mphamvu pamutuwu, koma ndi olemera kuposa aluminiyumu ndipo amafunikira kukhazikitsa ma ruble a ma ruble a 5,000 kapena ma ruble a 1.5,000.
Ntchito yogwira ntchito m'mbuyomu, eni nyumba ndi nyumba zomwe zimakumana ndi zovuta zoterezi zimasokoneza mayendedwe aulere omwe amasokoneza kuyenda kwa ma canvas pamaupangiri. Malangizowo amafunika chitsimikiziro "chida" cha canvas kunja kapena mkati usanakwere. Koma, mukuwona, nthawi zonse amayang'anira maziko ake ovuta, ndipo kuiwalako kumatha kuuluka kobiri - chifukwa cha mota, zamagalimoto okwera mtengo nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa. Kschastina, tsopano injiniyo osatenthedwa siziperekedwa pamsika wathu (ndipo komabe, pogula bollides, onani kupezeka kwa njirayi pa zolemba zaukadaulo).
Zotchingira zodzipangira zimapangidwa makamaka kuchokera kuzinthu zina - mabizinesi ambiri: "Allaol", "hilatros", "Russia) Idr. Mtengo wa 1m2 wodziletsa kuchokera ku ma slats a aluminium aluminium 55m lonse (atanenedwa ndi opanga kukana nthawi, 5-15min) - kuchokera ma ruble 1.5min; Kuchokera pama preminium aluminium (nthawi yayitali, 15-30min) - kuyambira ma ruble 2.8; Kuchokera pamakina achitsulo (kukana nthawi - 30min) - kuyambira ma ruble 2.6min.
Zotchinga zotchinga kwa mansard
Mtengo wotetezedwa pazenera la utoto umafananizidwa ndi mtengo wa zenera. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa mtengo wa velux kukula ndi 11878mm (kuphatikiza mtengo wa malipiro) - 9900 pulish.
Chinsinsi cha KupambanaApanso tikugogomezera kuti kuyika kwa osaphunzira, "" kotheka "kumatha kuchepetsa kukana kwachiberekero ngakhale kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri. Kusankha kuteteza mawindo ayenera kumwedwa koyambirira momwe mungathere.
Njira yokwezera malalanje ndi otsekera otsekera zimadalira malo otsetsereka ndi makhoma. Ngati kuya kwa malo otsetsereka ndi oposa 100mm, ndipo makhoma amangidwa kuchokera ku njerwa, konkriti kapena nkhuni (kapena bokosi) limalumikizidwa ndi maenje a nangula Mwa 12 mm ndi kutalika kwa 150 mm kapena (ngati khomalo lili ndi matabwa) ma scrows mulingo wa 8mm ndi kutalika kwa 100mm. Gawo lazophatikizira siziyenera kupitirira 500mm. Imaloledwanso kukhazikitsa kapangidwe kake ka malo osungira ndikulimbitsa njira zomwe zalembedwazo kudzera mu makutu "makutu zimapangidwira chimango.
Ngati zenera lakhazikitsidwa m'nyumba yako, zenera limakhazikitsidwa ndi makhoma (kulibe malo otsetsereka), onetsetsani kuti akuba kwambiri), akuwonetsetsa kuti akuba kwambiri: Wachangu womangidwa mu khoma satha kukana zoyesayesa. Ngati khomalo ndi njerwa kapena konkriti, njira yokhayo yowonjezera kudalirika kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kubisa chimango pansi pa khoma, osasiya zigawo zomwe zingachitike.
Pali njira zazikulu zitatu zokhazikitsa akhungu akhungu: Kukulunga, ndi kuphatikizira bokosi m'chipinda chotseguka komanso kugwa kwa bokosilo kukhoma. Choyamba chimakhala chofala kwambiri, chifukwa ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa m'makomo omwe ntchito za nkhope yakwaniritsidwa. Komabe, mumzinda, gwirizanitsa kukhazikitsa mabokosi akutali kumakhala kovuta, ndipo mawonekedwe a nyumba ya dziko lapansi amatha kukongoletsa kutali nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kukana kwa chipondapo kwamphamvu kwambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa pali mwayi wopeza kwa owongolera (atha kuchotsedwa pa khoma pogwiritsa ntchito chida chosavuta kwambiri).
Njira yachiwiri imalola pang'ono kuti ziumitse bokosi lotseguka ndikupangitsa kuti zitsimikizike, komanso kulimbikitsa maupangiri otsika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maofesiwa atseke , omwe amadya gawo la malo). Komabe, bokosilo limatseka pamwamba pazenera, ndipo ngakhale nthawi zina zimakhala zokongoletsera kunjaku, kuchokera mkati mwake lidzawonekerabe, pokhapokha atatsekeka ndi zenera. Koma machitidwe otere, otchedwa windows yoteteza, amaperekedwa ndi makampani a Schco, SKSSTAKSit (onse a sksstakit (onse a sksstakit (onse a SKSSTAKS) Idr) Idr okha, momwe angakhazikitsire pa sitepe yongosintha mawindo. Ili ndi zenera la pulasitiki lomwe limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbiri yolumikizira ndi bokosi lokhazikika lomwe lili pamwambamwamba lomwe lili pamwamba (komanso kuchokera ku PVC). Pankhaniyi, njira yoyika ndiyosavuta kubisa pansi pa khoma kunja komanso kuchokera mkati. Kwa mizinda itatu, mawindo ngati oterowo ndi chitetezo, mwina, ndi oyenera kwambiri. Ponena za mtengo wake, ndizofanana ndi mtengo wonse wa zenera ndikugudubuza zotsekera (ndiye kuti, mtengo wazenera umachuluka pafupifupi kawiri).
Njira yachitatu yomwe niche imakonzedwa m'khola pamwamba pa kutseguka, yolimba ngati malo operekera yakuba komanso yokongola. Kalanga ine, sizikupezeka kwa eni nyumba za ku Ulemere.
Mtengo wa kukhazikitsa umatengera zomwe makoma ndi pansi, koma, monga lamulo, sizidutsa 20% ya mtengo wa malonda. Izi zikugwira ntchito pa aliyense wa zopangidwazo.
Mawonekedwe a mitundu yayikulu yoteteza mawindo
| Katundu | Zosasintha | Phunzirani chitsulo chachitsulo | Kuyimirira chitsulo | Odzitchinjiriza |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kutetezedwa kwagalasi kuchokera ku zinthu zakunja | - | +. | +. | +. |
| Kutanthauzira pamalo otsekeka | +. | - | +. | - |
| Kuthekera kwa mpweya wabwino kwambiri | +. | - | +. | - |
| Kuthekera kwa kupukusa ndi SASH (kapena Web) ndi zenera lotsekedwa | - | - | - | +. |
| Kutsutsa nthawi kumenyetsa * oposa mphindi 30 | +. | +. | +. | - |
| * - M'mimba ndi zotsekera zotsekemera izi zimatengera mtundu wa kupanga |
Okonzayo akuthokoza "zotsekemera zatsopano", "Fortec-Stroservice", Vellux, KESHAN, Khonkhani yothandizira pokonza zinthuzo.